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Journal articles on the topic 'Irish farms'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Galluzzo, Nicola. "Analysis of Economic Efficiency in Some Irish Farms Using the DEA Approach." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (March 3, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i2.156-162.1492.

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Irish farms are predominately and highly specialized in crops as cereals, protein crops and in dairy productions. The aim of this research was to estimate the economic efficiency in Irish farms part of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) dataset stratified in function of their own typology of productive specialization since 2004 to 2015 by a quantitative approach such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Positive has been the role of inputs as financial subsidies allocated by the Common Agricultural Policy, the first and second pillar, in increasing the economic efficiency of Irish farms. Field crops farms have not had the best results in terms of the economic efficiency even if over the time, in particular during the economic crises 2008-2009, findings have not been stable with significant fluctuations and a sharply decrease of efficiency as a consequence of economic turbulences. Focusing the attention on the research outcomes in all years of investigation comparing also the different typology of farming, mixed farms and farms with animals, such as specialist cattle, sheep, goats and other grazing livestock, have had the highest levels of economic efficiency equal to 100%; by contrast Irish dairy farms have had the modest levels of economic efficiency close to 77%.

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2

Murphy, E., I. J. M. de Boer, C. E. van Middelaar, N. M. Holden, T. P. Curran, and J. Upton. "Predicting freshwater demand on Irish dairy farms using farm data." Journal of Cleaner Production 166 (November 2017): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.240.

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3

SHRESTHA, S., M. ABDALLA, T. HENNESSY, D. FORRISTAL, and M. B. JONES. "Irish farms under climate change – is there a regional variation on farm responses?" Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000331.

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SUMMARYThe current paper aims to determine regional impacts of climate change on Irish farms examining the variation in farm responses. A set of crop growth models were used to determine crop and grass yields under a baseline scenario and a future climate scenario. These crop and grass yields were used along with farm-level data taken from the Irish National Farm Survey in an optimizing farm-level (farm-level linear programming) model, which maximizes farm profits under limiting resources. A change in farm net margins under the climate change scenario compared to the baseline scenario was taken as a measure to determine the effect of climate change on farms. The growth models suggested a decrease in cereal crop yields (up to 9%) but substantial increase in yields of forage maize (up to 97%) and grass (up to 56%) in all regions. Farms in the border, midlands and south-east regions suffered, whereas farms in all other regions generally fared better under the climate change scenario used in the current study. The results suggest that there is a regional variability between farms in their responses to the climate change scenario. Although substituting concentrate feed with grass feeds is the main adaptation on all livestock farms, the extent of such substitution differs between farms in different regions. For example, large dairy farms in the south-east region adopted total substitution of concentrate feed while similar dairy farms in the south-west region opted to replace only 0·30 of concentrate feed. Farms in most of the regions benefitted from increasing stocking rate, except for sheep farms in the border and dairy farms in the south-east regions. The tillage farms in the mid-east region responded to the climate change scenario by shifting arable production to beef production on farms.

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4

O’Neill, Lorcan, Julia Adriana Calderón Díaz, Maria Rodrigues da Costa, Sinnead Oakes, Finola C. Leonard, and Edgar García Manzanilla. "Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Use on Irish Pig Farms." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102828.

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The threat to public health posed by antimicrobial resistance in livestock production means that the pig sector is a particular focus for efforts to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU). This study sought to investigate the risk factors for AMU in Irish pig production. Antimicrobial use data were collected from 52 farrow-to-finish farms. The risk factors investigated were farm characteristics and performance, biosecurity practices, prevalence of pluck lesions at slaughter and serological status for four common respiratory pathogens and vaccination and prophylactic AMU practices. Linear regression models were used for quantitative AMU analysis and risk factors for specific AMU practices were investigated using logistic regression. Farms that milled their own feed had lower total AMU (p < 0.001), whereas higher finisher mortality (p = 0.043) and vaccinating for swine influenza (p < 0.001) increased AMU. Farms with higher prevalence of pericarditis (p = 0.037) and lung abscesses (p = 0.046) used more group treatments. Farms with higher prevalence of liver milk spot lesions (p = 0.018) and farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.03) had higher numbers of individual treatments. Farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.002) or sows (p = 0.062) had higher use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. This study identified prophylactic use and respiratory disease as the main drivers for AMU in Irish pig production. These findings highlight areas of farm management where interventions may aid in reducing AMU on Irish pig farms.

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5

Milne, Georgina, Andrew William Byrne, Emma Campbell, Jordon Graham, John McGrath, Raymond Kirke, Wilma McMaster, Jesko Zimmermann, and Adewale Henry Adenuga. "Quantifying Land Fragmentation in Northern Irish Cattle Enterprises." Land 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030402.

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Farmland fragmentation is considered to be a defining feature of Northern Ireland’s (NI) agricultural landscape, influencing agricultural efficiency, productivity, and the spread of livestock diseases. Despite this, the full extent of farmland fragmentation in cattle farms in NI is not well understood, and little is known of how farmland fragmentation either influences, or is influenced by, different animal production types. Here, we describe and quantify farmland fragmentation in cattle farms for all of NI, using GIS processing of land parcel data to associate individual parcels with data on the cattle business associated with the land. We found that 35% of farms consisted of five or more fragments, with dairy farms associated with greater levels of farmland fragmentation, fragment dispersal and contact with contiguous neighbours compared to other production types. The elevated levels of farmland fragmentation in dairy production compared to non-dairy, may be associated with the recent expansion of dairy farms by land acquisition, following the abolition of the milk quota system in 2015. The comparatively high levels of farmland fragmentation observed in NI cattle farms may also have important implications for agricultural productivity and epidemiology alike. Whilst highly connected pastures could facilitate the dissemination of disease, highly fragmented land could also hamper productivity via diseconomies of scale, such as preventing the increase of herd sizes or additionally, adding to farm costs by increasing the complexity of herd management.

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6

Whelan, Shane, Dermot J. Ruane, John McNamara, Anne Kinsella, and Angela McNamara. "Disability on Irish Farms—A Real Concern." Journal of Agromedicine 14, no. 2 (May 7, 2009): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599240902813078.

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7

O’Connor, Sean, Ehiaze Ehimen, Suresh C. Pillai, Gary Lyons, and John Bartlett. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Small-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants on Irish Dairy Farms." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030637.

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The European Union’s (EU) climate and energy package requires all EU countries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 20% by 2020. Based on current trends, Ireland is on track to miss this target with a projected reduction of only 5% to 6%. The agriculture sector has consistently been the single largest contributor to Irish GHG emissions, representing 33% of all emissions in 2017. Small-scale anaerobic digestion (SSAD) holds promise as an attractive technology for the treatment of livestock manure and the organic fraction of municipal wastes, especially in low population communities or standalone waste treatment facilities. This study assesses the viability of SSAD in Ireland, by modelling the technical, economic, and environmental considerations of operating such plants on commercial Irish dairy farms. The study examines the integration of SSAD on dairy farms with various herd sizes ranging from 50 to 250 dairy cows, with co-digestion afforded by grass grown on available land. Results demonstrate feedstock quantities available on-farm to be sufficient to meet the farm’s energy needs with surplus energy exported, representing between 73% and 79% of the total energy generated. All scenarios investigated demonstrate a net CO2 reduction ranging between 2059–173,237 kg CO2-eq. yr−1. The study found SSAD systems to be profitable within the plant’s lifespan on farms with dairy herds sizes of >100 cows (with payback periods of 8–13 years). The simulated introduction of capital subvention grants similar to other EU countries was seen to significantly lower the plant payback periods. The insights generated from this study show SSAD to be an economically sustainable method for the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Irish agriculture sector.

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8

Wilson, Thomas. "Large Farms, Local Politics, and the International Arena: The Irish Tax Dispute of 1979." Human Organization 48, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.48.1.1p4162g70816j42n.

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Irish farmers have traditionally supported the two major political parties in part in order to influence governments who made national farm policy. Ireland's entry into the European Economic Community in 1973 shifted the locus of agricultural policy-making to the continent and changed the ability of Irish politicians to control the provision of goods and services to their constituents. The "large farmers" of County Meath were quick to see that their economic livelihoods demanded a redefinition of their political roles. The national tax dispute of 1979 established a pattern in Irish politics in which Irish commercial fanners have eschewed many of their former political roles and have joined ranks within the increasingly powerful national farmers' organization, the Irish Farmers' Association, in order to affect national and international agricultural and tax policy decisions. This Irish case is an example of an international phenomenon, namely, the erosion of the material bases of a decreasing population of family farmers and their strategies to influence policy determination by governments which had once accorded farmers more favored statuses.

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9

Ryan, Siobhan, David Gleeson, Kieran Jordan, Ambrose Furey, Kathleen O'Sullivan, and Bernadette O'Brien. "Strategy for the reduction of Trichloromethane residue levels in farm bulk milk." Journal of Dairy Research 80, no. 2 (March 11, 2013): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029913000113.

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High fat dairy products, such as butter and margarine can be contaminated during the milk production process with a residue called Trichloromethane (TCM), which results from the use of chlorine based detergent solutions. Although, TCM concentrations in Irish products are not at levels that are a public health issue, such contamination can cause marketing difficulties in countries to which Irish products are being exported. In an attempt to reduce such milk residues, a template procedure was developed, tried and tested on 43 farms (from 3 processing companies). This involved identifying farms with high TCM milk, applying corrective action in the form of advice and recommendations to reduce TCM and re-measuring milks from these farms. Trichloromethane in milk was measured by head-space gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The TCM reduction strategy proved successful in significantly reducing the levels in milk in the farms tested, e.g. TCM was reduced from 0·006 to the target of 0·002 mg/kg (P < 0·05). The strategy was then applied to farms who supplied milk to six Irish dairy processors with the objective of reducing TCM in those milks to a level of ⩽0·002 mg/kg. Initially, milk tankers containing milks from approximately 10–15 individual farms were sampled and analysed and tankers with high TCM (>0·002 mg/kg) identified. Individual herd milks contributing to these tankers were subsequently sampled and analysed and farms supplying high TCM identified. Guidance and advice was provided to the high TCM milk suppliers and levels of TCM of these milk supplies were monitored subsequently. A significant reduction (minimum P < 0·05) in milk TCM was observed in 5 of the 6 dairy processor milks, while a numerical reduction in TCM was observed in the remaining processor milk.

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10

Fox, Edward M., Nola Leonard, and Kieran Jordan. "Molecular Diversity ofListeria monocytogenesIsolated from Irish Dairy Farms." Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8, no. 5 (May 2011): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2010.0806.

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11

Minogue, D., P. Murphy, P. French, F. Coughlan, and T. Bolger. "Characterisation of soiled water on Irish dairy farms." Advances in Animal Biosciences 1, no. 1 (April 2010): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204047001000422x.

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12

McAloon, C. G., M. L. Doherty, J. Donlon, I. Lorenz, J. Meade, L. O'Grady, and P. Whyte. "Microbiological contamination of colostrum on Irish dairy farms." Veterinary Record 178, no. 19 (April 21, 2016): 474.2–474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.103641.

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13

Galluzzo, Nicola. "Role of financial subsidies allocated by the Common Agricultural Policy towards Irish farms." Journal of Central European Agriculture 19, no. 3 (2018): 710–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/19.3.2241.

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14

FOX, EDWARD, TOM O'MAHONY, MARIE CLANCY, RITA DEMPSEY, MARTINA O'BRIEN, and KIERAN JORDAN. "Listeria monocytogenes in the Irish Dairy Farm Environment." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1450.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a potentially lethal foodborne pathogen commonly found in the environment. European Union hygiene legislation places responsibility for safety on primary production facilities, including farms, as part of a policy to introduce traceability throughout the food chain. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in the Irish dairy farm environment and in particular the milking facility. Two hundred ninety-eight environmental samples were collected from 16 farms in the southern region of Ireland. A number of farms within the group supply raw milk to the unpasteurized milk cheese industry. The samples taken included cow feces, milk, silage, soil, water, etc. Samples were enriched in Listeria enrichment broth and incubated for 48 h, followed by plating on chromogenic agar Listeria Ottavani & Agosti and further incubation of the plates for 24 to 48 h. Presumptive L. monocytogenes isolates were purified and confirmed by PCR targeting the hly gene. Overall, 19% of the samples (57 of 298) were positive for L. monocytogenes. These were serotyped using conventional and PCR methods; serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b made up 78% of the typeable isolates. A correlation was found between the level of hygiene standards on the farm and the occurrence of L. monocytogenes. There was little difference in the occurrence of L. monocytogenes between farms supplying milk to the unpasteurized milk cheese industry and those supplying milk for processing. This study demonstrates the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the dairy farm environment and the need for good hygiene practices to prevent its entry into the food chain.

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15

Ryan, M., T. Hennessy, C. Buckley, E. J. Dillon, T. Donnellan, K. Hanrahan, and B. Moran. "Developing farm-level sustainability indicators for Ireland using the Teagasc National Farm Survey." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 55, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2016-0011.

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Abstract In the context of an expanding, export-dependent agri-food sector, indicators of sustainable development and intensification are necessary to measure, assess and verify the comparative advantage afforded by Ireland’s natural pastoral-based food production systems. Such indicators are also necessary to ensure that we produce more food with less adverse impacts on the Irish environment, climate and society. This article outlines the development of farm-level indicators that refect the multifaceted nature of sustainability, which is encompassed in economic, environmental and social indicators. The role of innovation in farm sustainability was also examined. A comparison of indicators across Irish farm systems showed that dairy farms, followed by tillage farms, tended to be the most economically and socially sustainable farm systems. In relation to greenhouse gas emissions in particular, the top-performing dairy farms, in an economic sense, also tended to be the best-performing farms from an environmental sustainability perspective. This trend was also evident in relation to the adoption of innovative practices on farm, which was found to be strongly correlated with economic performance.

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16

Läpple, D., T. Hennessy, and M. O’Donovan. "Extended grazing: A detailed analysis of Irish dairy farms." Journal of Dairy Science 95, no. 1 (January 2012): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4512.

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17

Fusi, Francesca, Valentina Lorenzi, Giorgio Franceschini, Riccardo Compiani, Valeria Harper, Jessica Ginestreti, Giandomenico Ferrara, Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi, and Luigi Bertocchi. "Animal welfare and biosecurity assessment: a comparison between Italian and Irish beef cattle rearing systems." Animal Production Science 61, no. 1 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19611.

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Context European beef production is facing fresh challenges on various fronts: increasing public concern on animal welfare; declining EU meat consumption; and, conversely, expected growth in global demand for meat. The Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare (CReNBA) has developed an assessment protocol for collecting information about beef cattle welfare and biosecurity conditions, with the intention of better understanding animal needs and disseminating best practices. Aims The protocol was applied on Italian and Irish farms, and the results were used as a starting point for a specific statistical analysis for comparing animal welfare and biosecurity levels in the two countries. Methods The protocol consists of animal-based measures and non-animal-based measures (management-based and resource-based indicators) and has been designed to determine the major hazards and benefits that can influence cattle health and welfare, including the presence of biosecurity issues. The outcomes of welfare and biosecurity assessments conducted during November 2016–July 2017 of 40 Irish beef herds reared indoors were compared with those of 85 Italian beef units assessed over the same period. Differences obtained within each beef-unit distribution were calculated by the VARNC index (diversity index), and a distance estimate of the beef-unit distribution from a hypothetical ideal condition was calculated by using the distance from ideal (dfi) index. Key results The dfi index revealed that Irish farms were closer to the ideal condition for the measures ‘experience and training of stockpersons’, ‘water provision’, ‘handling facilities’, ‘restraint facilities’, and ‘temperature, humidity and ventilations conditions’. Italian farms were closer to the ideal condition for ‘diet calculation and feed quality’, ‘feeding management’, ‘feeding place dimension’, ‘cleanliness of water points’, ‘cleanliness of floors’, ‘type of floors’, ‘cleanliness of animals’, and ‘integument alterations’. In contrast to the Italian farms, there was particular awareness of the importance of biosecurity on Irish farms. Conclusions The results revealed intrinsic management and housing differences between the two rearing systems, although only few dissimilarities were found in the animal outcomes: in fact, the assessment of the animal-based measures gave very similar results for the two countries, except for ‘cleanliness of the animals’ and ‘integument alterations’. Implications In the face of global challenges affecting the pursuit of farming sustainability, farmers should be encouraged to improve safeguards for animal welfare and reduce the spread of animal diseases. This can be achieved by facilitating knowledge exchange internationally.

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18

HUMPHREYS, JAMES. "Nutrient issues on Irish farms and solutions to lower losses." International Journal of Dairy Technology 61, no. 1 (February 2008): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00372.x.

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19

BYRNE, N., T. J. GILLILAND, N. McHUGH, L. DELABY, A. GEOGHEGAN, and M. O'DONOVAN. "Establishing phenotypic performance of grass varieties on Irish grassland farms." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 10 (November 21, 2017): 1633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000740.

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SUMMARYConventionally perennial ryegrass evaluations are conducted under simulated grazing studies to identify varieties with the best phenotypic performance. However, cut-plot environments differ greatly to those experienced on commercial farms as varieties are not exposed to the same stress levels in test environments. It could be argued that plot-based testing regimes provide little direction to plant breeders in the development of advanced varieties. Varietal phenotypic performance needs to be quantified in ‘commercial’ situations. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of a range of perennial ryegrass varieties under commercial farm conditions. Monocultures of 11 Irish Recommended List perennial ryegrass varieties were sown on 66 commercial farms throughout Ireland where performance was evaluated over a 3-year period from 2013 to 2015, inclusive. A linear mixed model was used to quantify variety effects on grassland phenotypic performance characteristics. No significant variety effect was estimated for total, seasonal or silage herbage production. Despite the lack of variety effects, pairwise comparisons found significant performance differences between individual varieties. Grazed herbage yield is of primary importance and was shown to be correlated strongly with total production (0.71); Grazed herbage yield differed significantly by variety, with a range of 1927 kg dry matter (DM)/ha between the highest and lowest performing varieties. Sward quality (dry matter digestibility [DMD]) and density were influenced by variety with a range of 44 g/kg DM for DMD and 0.7 ground score units between the highest and lowest performing varieties. Results of the current study show that on-farm evaluation is effective in identifying the most suitable varieties for intensive grazing regimes, and the phenotypic variance identified among varieties performance for many traits should allow for improved genetic gain in areas such as DM production, persistence and grazing efficiency.

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20

O'Shaughnessy, J., B. Earley, J. F. Mee, M. L. Doherty, P. Crosson, D. Barrett, R. Prendiville, M. Macrelli, and T. de Waal. "Detection of anthelmintic resistance on two Irish beef research farms." Veterinary Record 175, no. 5 (June 5, 2014): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.102556.

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21

Rowe, T. A., F. C. Leonard, G. Kelly, P. B. Lynch, J. Egan, A. M. Quirke, and P. J. Quinn. "Salmonella serotypes present on a sample of Irish pig farms." Veterinary Record 153, no. 15 (October 11, 2003): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.153.15.453.

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22

Fu, Rao, Chenguang Li, and Liming Wang. "Market Power in the Irish Beef Processing Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 6453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116453.

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Irish beef processors and cattle farmers have been involved in a lasting controversy on power asymmetry. This paper estimates the degree of market power in the Irish beef processing industry. The New Empirical Industrial Organization approach is extended for estimation, and the market power is testified by conjectural elasticity with supply and demand functions, indicating that beef processors exert a significant market power on cattle farms. Export-orientation and high subsidies are two outstanding features in the Irish beef industry. Exports and subsidies are shown in this paper to have an insignificant influence on market power. This paper confirms that beef processors can exercise market power on farmers to lower prices below the marginal cost.

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23

Finneran, E. "Effects of scale, intensity and farm structure on the income efficiency of Irish beef farms." International Journal of Agricultural Management 2, no. 4 (2013): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5836/ijam/2013-04-05.

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24

Parzonko, Andrzej, and Piotr Bórawski. "Competitiveness of Polish dairy farms in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 4 (April 29, 2020): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/254/2019-agricecon.

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This article analyses the competitiveness of dairy farms in Poland in relation to selected EU countries. The competitive advantage of dairy farms was evaluated and compared based on remuneration for family labour. Two variants of the above indicator were calculated: (1) Remuneration for family labour (FL1) as the relationship between farm net income and the farmer’s unpaid labour input, and (2) Remuneration for family labour (FL2) as the relationship between farm net income minus the opportunity costs of own land and capital to the farmer’s unpaid labour input. The calculations were performed based on EU FADN (European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network) data for an average dairy farm in 2005, 2010 and 2016. The study revealed the highest average remuneration for family labour (FL1) in Irish and German dairy farms. The value of the second indicator (FL2) was also highest in Germany, followed by France. The analysis produced interesting results regarding dairy farms in Denmark and the Netherlands which were characterised by the highest scale of production in the evaluated period (high net value added), but very low farm incomes and remuneration for family labour. The study revealed that Polish dairy farms were characterised by average competitiveness relative.

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Läpple, Doris, and Fiona Thorne. "The Role of Innovation in Farm Economic Sustainability: Generalised Propensity Score Evidence from Irish Dairy Farms." Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12282.

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26

Gleeson, D., B. O'Brien, and K. O'Donovan. "The labour input associated with calf care on Irish dairy farms." Livestock Science 116, no. 1-3 (July 2008): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.08.019.

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Xiao, Lihua, John E. Moore, Ukeme Ukoh, Wangeci Gatei, Colm J. Lowery, Thomas M. Murphy, James S. G. Dooley, B. Cherie Millar, Paul J. Rooney, and Juluri R. Rao. "Prevalence and Identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Pig Slurry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 4461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00370-06.

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ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 25 of 56 pig slurry samples from 33 Irish farms by PCR and DNA sequencing. The organisms detected included C. suis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, and C. muris. We concluded that Cryptosporidium oocysts can persist in treated slurry and potentially contaminate surface water through improper discharge or uncontrolled runoff.

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O’Connor, Frank. "‘Knowledge is power’ – making sense of wind farm data." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2014 (January 1, 2014): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2014.24.

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The Irish wind energy sector is booming. In 2012, Irish wind farms supplied enough energy to provide about 15% of Ireland’s electricity demand and power 1.12 million households. In March 2014, The Irish Wind Energy Association (IWEA), an organisation committed to the promotion of wind energy in Ireland, highlighted a planned €7 billion investment in the sector, with a confirmed project pipeline of over 180 new wind schemes. According to a recent TCD/ESRI report, this will bring the total number of jobs in the sector from 3,400 at present to over 8,400 and see a doubling of production of clean, indigenous, renewable energy. The modern wind turbines, which will be rolled out as part of these new schemes are a far cry from the turbines installed over four decades ago at the first commercial wind farm, constructed in 1980 on Crotched Mountain, New Hampshire, USA. A modern turbine such as ...

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Craig, Aimee-Louise, Martin Mulholland, Deborah McConnell, and Conrad Ferris. "187 An examination of forage production costs on Northern irish dairy farms." Animal - science proceedings 12, no. 1 (April 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anscip.2021.03.188.

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Geary, U., N. Lopez-Villalobos, N. Begley, F. McCoy, B. O’Brien, L. O’Grady, and L. Shalloo. "Estimating the effect of mastitis on the profitability of Irish dairy farms." Journal of Dairy Science 95, no. 7 (July 2012): 3662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4863.

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Ruelle, E., L. Delaby, M. Wallace, and L. Shalloo. "Using models to establish the financially optimum strategy for Irish dairy farms." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 1 (January 2018): 614–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12948.

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Karczmarczyk, Maria, Ciara Walsh, Rosemarie Slowey, Nola Leonard, and Séamus Fanning. "Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Irish Cattle Farms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 20 (August 19, 2011): 7121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00601-11.

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ABSTRACTThis study describes the genotypic characteristics of a collection of 100 multidrug-resistant (MDR)Escherichia colistrains recovered from cattle and the farm environment in Ireland in 2007. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance identified was to streptomycin (100%), followed by tetracycline (99%), sulfonamides (98%), ampicillin (82%), and neomycin (62%). Resistance was mediated predominantly bystrA-strB(92%),tetA(67%),sul2(90%),blaTEM(79%), andaphA1(63%) gene markers, respectively. Twenty-seven isolates harbored a class 1 integrase (intI1), whileqacEΔ1andsul1markers were identified in 25 and 26 isolates, respectively. The variable regions of these integrons contained aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, and β-lactam resistance determinants (aadA12,aadB-aadA1,blaOXA-30-aadA1,dfrA1-aadA1,dfrA7). Class 2 integrons were identified less frequently (4%) and contained the gene cassette arraydfrA1-sat1-aadA1. Resistance to ampicillin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline was associated with transferable high-molecular-weight plasmids, as demonstrated by conjugation assays. A panel of virulence markers was screened for by PCR, and genes identified includedvt1, K5 in 2 isolates,papCin 10 isolates, and PAI IV536in 37 isolates. MDR commensalE. coliisolates from Irish cattle displayed considerable diversity with respect to the genes identified. Our findings highlight the importance of the commensal microflora of food-producing animals as a reservoir of transferable MDR.

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O’Shaughnessy, James, John F. Mee, Michael L. Doherty, Paul Crosson, Damien Barrett, Luke O’Grady, and Bernadette Earley. "Herd health status and management practices on 16 Irish suckler beef farms." Irish Veterinary Journal 66, no. 1 (2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-66-21.

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O'Brien, Eoin, Marie Garvey, Cathal Walsh, Sean Arkins, and Ann Cullinane. "Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle on Irish farms." Research in Veterinary Science 111 (April 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.017.

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Collins, P. J., V. Martella, C. Buonavoglia, and H. O'Shea. "Detection and characterization of porcine sapoviruses from asymptomatic animals in Irish farms." Veterinary Microbiology 139, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.05.013.

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HIGGINS, JAMES. "Input demand and output supply on Irish farms— A micro-economic approach." European Review of Agricultural Economics 13, no. 4 (1986): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/13.4.477.

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O’Connell, A., E. M. Lawton, D. Leong, P. Cotter, D. Gleeson, and C. M. Guinane. "Detection of presumptive Bacillus cereus in the Irish dairy farm environment." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 55, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2016-0014.

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AbstractThe objective of the study was to isolate potentialBacillus cereussensu lato (B.cereus s.l.)from a range of farm environments. Samples of tap water, milking equipment rinse water, milk sediment filter, grass, soil and bulk tank milk were collected from 63 farms. In addition, milk liners were swabbed at the start and the end of milking, and swabs were taken from cows’ teats prior to milking. The samples were plated on mannitol egg yolk polymyxin agar (MYP) and presumptiveB. cereus s.l. colonies were isolated and stored in nutrient broth with 20% glycerol and frozen at -80 °C. These isolates were then plated on chromogenic medium (BACARA) and colonies identified as presumptiveB. cereus s.l. on this medium were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Of the 507 isolates presumed to beB. cereus s.l. on the basis of growth on MYP, only 177 showed growth typical ofB. cereus s.l. on BACARA agar. The use of 16S rRNA sequencing to identify isolates that grew on BACARA confirmed that the majority of isolates belonged toB. cereus s.l. A total of 81 of the 98 isolates sequenced were tentatively identified as presumptiveB. cereus s.l. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was carried out on milk and soil isolates from seven farms that were identified as having presumptiveB. cereus s.l. No pulsotype was shared by isolates from soil and milk on the same farm. PresumptiveB. cereus s.l. was widely distributed within the dairy farm environment.

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Shanley, Matthew. "Stable Ships for Smooth Servicing of Offshore Wind Farms." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2014 (January 1, 2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2014.36.

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There is a rapid increase in the number of offshore wind farms in European waters to help meet renewable energy targets. Wind turbines are being installed in progressively more exposed areas of the North Sea and the Irish Sea, with the eventual aim of placing them in the Atlantic Ocean. As offshore wind farms require regular maintenance, being able to access the wind turbines during rough sea conditions is a key issue for profitable operation. The operation involves transferring personnel from the service ship to the wind turbine. The current wave height limit for this is 1.5 m, slightly less than 5 feet, increasing this results in significant savings over the lifetime of the wind farm. Each wind farm service ship has 12 maintenance crew. Imagine you are one waiting on port for the sea and weather conditions to be right so that you can head out to the wind ...

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O’Brien, D., T. Hennessy, B. Moran, and L. Shalloo. "Relating the carbon footprint of milk from Irish dairy farms to economic performance." Journal of Dairy Science 98, no. 10 (October 2015): 7394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-9222.

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O’Shaughnessy, James, Bernadette Earley, Damien Barrett, Michael L. Doherty, Paul Crosson, Theo de Waal, and John F. Mee. "Disease screening profiles and colostrum management practices on 16 Irish suckler beef farms." Irish Veterinary Journal 68, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13620-014-0029-7.

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Barclay, Katie. "Place and Power in Irish Farms at the End of the Nineteenth Century1." Women's History Review 21, no. 4 (September 2012): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2012.658171.

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O'Brien, Martin, Padraig O'Kiely, Patrick D. Forristal, and Hubert T. Fuller. "Fungi isolated from contaminated baled grass silage on farms in the Irish Midlands." FEMS Microbiology Letters 247, no. 2 (June 2005): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.04.037.

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Minogue, D., P. French, T. Bolger, and P. N. C. Murphy. "Characterisation of dairy soiled water in a survey of 60 Irish dairy farms." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2015-0001.

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AbstractDairy farming in Ireland generates an effluent known as dairy soiled water (DSW), which consists of a relatively dilute mixture of cow faeces, urine, spilt milk and detergents that is typically applied to grassland. However, relatively little is known about the volumes generated, nutrient content and management factors that influence volume and concentration. Sixty dairy farms that had a separate storage tank for storing DSW were selected for this study. The spatial distribution of the farms reflected the spatial distribution of dairy cows across the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland, with each farm representing between 10,000 and 20,000 dairy cows. Samples were analysed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonium N (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), phosphorus (molybdate-reactive and total) (MRP and TP) and dry matter (DM) content. Management characteristics and parlour properties were quantified. Factors influencing volume and concentration of DSW were determined using mixed model multiple regression analysis. On average, 9784 l (standard error 209 l) of DSW, including rainfall, was produced cow−1year−1and this contained significant quantities of total N, P and K (587, 80 and 568 mg l−1, respectively). A typical Irish dairy farm stocked at 1.9 cows ha−1could therefore supply approximately 13, 2 and 12 kg ha−1of total N, P and K, respectively, across the farm, annually to meet some of the nutrient requirements for herbage production and potentially replace some of the synthetic fertilizer use. Seventy one percent of samples were within the regulated concentration limits of soiled water for BOD (<2500 mg l−1), rising to 87% during the closed period for slurry spreading (mid October to mid-late January), while 81% were within the concentration limits for DM (<1% DM), rising to 94% during the closed period. The efficiency of a milking parlour (cows per unit, time taken) plays a key role in determining the volume of DSW generated. This, in turn, also influences the concentration of nutrients and other chemicals. Large variability was found in nutrient concentrations and this presents a challenge for effective nutrient management to maximise the fertilizer replacement value of DSW.

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Doyle, Yvonne, and Ronan Conroy. "A One year survey of accidents on Irish farms and their medical outcome." Journal of Occupational Accidents 10, no. 3 (December 1988): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(88)90013-2.

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Taylor, R. F., M. McGee, P. Crosson, and A. K. Kelly. "Analysis of suckler cow reproductive performance and its contribution to financial performance on Irish beef farms." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, s1 (October 2017): s64—s66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204047001700173x.

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The aim of this study was to analyse cow reproductive performance on 37 Irish suckler beef farms and determine how reproductive efficiency influences farm profitability. The main reproductive factors associated with gross output value per livestock unit (GO/LU) were average age at first calving (r=−0.19, P<0.01) and number of months with a calving (r=−0.15, P<0.05). A 1 month increase in average age at first calving was shown to reduce GO/LU by €14 across suckler farms. Average age at first calving was positively correlated with calving interval (r=0.21, P<0.001) and the number of months with a calving (r=0.18, P<0.01). Number of months with a calving was also positively correlated with calf mortality (r=0.21, P<0.01). However, these relationships between reproductive variables had no statistically significant impact on farm financial performance. It is therefore concluded that additional analysis at animal level is required to determine key reproductive indicators contributing to farm profitability.

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Gutierrez, Jorge, James O’Donovan, Aisling Proctor, Colm Brady, Patricia X. Marques, Sheila Worrall, Jarlath E. Nally, et al. "Application of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and enzootic abortion of ewes." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, no. 5 (July 17, 2012): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638712452730.

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Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus are the 2 most common infectious causes of ovine abortion worldwide. These obligate intracellular pathogens are associated with severe placentitis leading to abortion or stillbirth in pregnant ewes, and resulting in significant economic losses. The objectives of the current study were the development, validation, and application of a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of quantifying the burden of infection by T. gondii and C. abortus in material submitted for diagnostic purposes. The validation was carried out using samples from ewes experimentally infected with these organisms. Based on the numbers of genome copies detected, an arbitrary cutoff level was established to correlate with significant pathological changes sufficient to give rise to abortion. When the PCR assay was applied to samples from 66 Irish farms with naturally occurring outbreaks of ovine abortion, toxoplasmosis and enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) accounted for 14% and 20% of the farms, respectively, while on 6% of the farms, there was evidence of dual infection. When standard diagnostic techniques including histopathological examination, serological analysis, chlamydial antigen detection, and bacteriological culture, were used on samples from the same farms, toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 17% of farms, and EAE in 12%; dual infection was diagnosed on 3% of the farms. In general, good agreement was found between the PCR and the standard methods. The duplex real-time PCR assay developed in this study has proved to be a very sensitive and rapid tool that might provide a valuable addition to the methods currently available for routine diagnosis of ovine abortions.

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Loughrey, Jason, and Thia Hennessy. "Farm income variability and off-farm employment in Ireland." Agricultural Finance Review 76, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 378–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-10-2015-0043.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential relationship between farm income variability and off-farm employment decisions in the short and medium term for the case of Irish farm operators. Design/methodology/approach Panel probit models of off-farm labour supply are estimated using Teagasc National Farm Survey data for Irish farms. The framework is based largely on standard expected utility but includes a constraint for recent employment history. Findings The analyses identifies some evidence of a positive association between farm income variability and off-farm employment in the medium term but no significant relationship in the short term. This suggests that off-farm employment is part of a wider portfolio decision but is not a strong solution to short-term farm income shocks. Practical implications European farmers increasingly face high income variability but financial risk management tools are not sufficiently developed or widely accessible to assist farmers in managing the associated risk. This deficiency can have negative implications for household economic welfare and future farm investments and hence the future farm income. Off-farm employment can form part of a wider medium-term portfolio strategy but more effective tools are also required for risk management particularly in dealing with short-term volatility and where off-farm employment is not a realistic endeavour given time constraints and/or demographics. Originality/value The estimation of farm income variability includes a detrending method thus reducing the likelihood of overestimating farm income variability for farms in deliberate expansion or decline. While previous research has typically focused on the short-term response of farmers to historical farm income variability, this research has distinguished between the short and medium term.

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Farrell, Maura, Aisling Murtagh, Louise Weir, Shane Francis Conway, John McDonagh, and Marie Mahon. "Irish Organics, Innovation and Farm Collaboration: A Pathway to Farm Viability and Generational Renewal." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010093.

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The family farm has been the pillar of rural society for decades, stabilising rural economies and strengthening social and cultural traditions. Nonetheless, family farm numbers across Europe are declining as farmers endeavour to overcome issues of climate change, viability, farm structural change and intergenerational farm succession. Issues around farm viability and a lack of innovative agricultural practices play a key role in succession decisions, preventing older farmers from passing on the farm, and younger farmers from taking up the mantel. A multifunctional farming environment, however, increasingly encourages family farms to embrace diversity and look towards innovative and sustainable practices. Across the European Union, organic farming has always been a strong diversification option, and although, historically, its progress was limited within an Irish context, its popularity is growing. To examine the impact of organic farm diversification on issues facing the Irish farm family, this paper draws on a qualitative case study with a group of Irish organic farmers engaged in the Maximising Organic Production System (MOPS) EIP-AGRI Project. The case study was constructed using a phased approach where each stage shaped the next. This started with a desk-based analysis, then moving on to semi-structured interviews and a focus group, which were then consolidated with a final feedback session. Data gathering occurred in mid to late 2020. Research results reveal the uptake of innovative practices not only improve farm viability, but also encourage the next generation of young farmers to commit to the family farm and consider farming long-term.

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Calderon Diaz, Julia A., Lorcan O'Neill, Maria Rodrigues da Costa, and Edgar Garcia Manzanilla. "211 Biosecurity practices associated with antimicrobial usage in farrow-to-finish pig farms." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.008.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to identify biosecurity practices associated with antimicrobial usage (AMU, mg/live body weight, BW) in pig farms. Biosecurity practices were assessed using the Biocheck.UGentTM questionnaire in 54 Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms. For each farm, information on antimicrobial usage in-feed and water and critically important antimicrobials (CIA) usage was collected. Data were analysed using univariable general linear models in PROC GLM of SAS v9.4. Results are presented as least square means ± SE. In-feed AMU was lower in farms where farm staff wore farm specific clothing and shoes, and washed their hands before entering the stables (55.1±19.12 vs. 159.4±31.49 mg/BW; P=0.007) and it tended (P< 0.10) to be lower in farms where animals were loaded for transport from a centrally located corridor, rather than from separately located corridor (69.5±18.79 vs. 148.4±41.07 mg/BW) and had a maximal density of 0.7 m2/pig in the finisher stage (66.5±29.819.152 vs. 145.1±36.98 mg/BW). Similarly, in water AMU was 14.6 mg/BW lower in farms where farm staff wore farm specific clothing and shoes, and washed their hands before entering the stables and 11 mg/BW lower in farms where carcass storage was regularly cleaned (P< 0.05) compared with farms that did not carry out these practices. Wearing gloves when manipulating carcasses (0.3±0.14 vs. 1.0±0.25 mg/BW having footbaths at the entrance of each building (0.2±0.17 vs. 0.7±0.17 mg/BW), loading animals for transport from a central corridor (0.3±0.13 vs. 1.2±0.28 mg/BW) and a maximal density of 0.7 m2/pig in the finisher stage (0.3±0.13 vs. 1.1±0.25 mg/BW) were associated with lower CIA usage (P< 0.05). The implementation of biosecurity practices was associated with lower AMU. Many of these practices could easily be implemented on farms with relatively low costs. Our results highlight the usefulness of cleaning, disinfections and farm compartmentalization to reduce AMU in pig farms.

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Shiels, Dwayne, Jason Loughrey, Cathy M. Dwyer, Kevin Hanrahan, John F. Mee, and Timothy W. J. Keady. "A Survey of Farm Management Practices Relating to the Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Causes of Lamb Mortality in Ireland." Animals 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12010030.

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Lamb mortality is a key factor influencing ewe productivity and profitability. The current study investigated risk factors associated with and management practices implemented on sheep farms to reduce lamb mortality. A survey consisting of 13 multiple-part questions (57 separate questions) was administered to all sheep farmers participating in the Teagasc National Farm Survey, representative of the Irish national population of sheep farms. A total of 60% of respondents identify mating or lambing date, and this practice tended to be associated with reduced lamb mortality (1.2%, p = 0.08). Individual lambing pens were used by 88% of farmers, but 26% did not clean or disinfect them. A total of 79% and 9.5% of farmers applied iodine to all lambs’ navels and administered antibiotics to all lambs to treat and/or prevent diseases, respectively. Most farmers vaccinated their ewes (86%) and lambs (79%) against clostridial diseases and/or pasteurellosis; 13% vaccinated against abortion agents. Lamb mortality tended to be lower (Kruskal–Wallis (KW) = 2.749; p = 0.09) on farms that used stomach tubing, heat box, iodine, hospital, and individual pens compared with farms that do not implement all those practices. Predators, lamb birth weight, and diseases were perceived by respondents to be the three main causes of live-born lamb mortality. The gross margin is significantly higher on lowland farms by €37 per ewe compared with hill farms (Kruskal–Wallis (KW) = 4.056; p < 0.001). The combination of full-time farming and the use of hospital and individual pens improved gross margin (€18/ewe, p = 0.028). It is concluded that on-farm management practices affect both lamb mortality and flock gross margin.

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