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Journal articles on the topic 'Irish dairy herds'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kelly, P. T., K. O’Sullivan, D. P. Berry, B. O’Brien, E. J. O’Callaghan, M. Rath, and W. J. Meaney. "Herd factors affecting somatic cell count in Irish dairy herds." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020056.

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The Irish milk payment system penalises against high milk somatic cell count (SCC). Previous studies have related farm management practices to herd SCC (Barkema et al., 1998); however similar study has never been undertaken in Ireland. Furthermore, these previous studies have generally been conducted in confined systems. The objective of this study was to investigate potential management factors affecting herd SCC in Irish, spring calving, grass based dairy herds.

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2

Bermingham, M. L., S. J. More, M. Good, A. R. Cromie, I. M. Higgins, S. Brotherstone, and D. P. Berry. "Genetics of tuberculosis in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy herds." Journal of Dairy Science 92, no. 7 (July 2009): 3447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1848.

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3

Boland, F., G. E. Kelly, M. Good, and S. J. More. "Bovine tuberculosis and udder health in Irish dairy herds." Veterinary Journal 192, no. 1 (April 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.004.

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4

Barrett, Damien. "The changing face of mastitis in Irish dairy herds." Veterinary Record 173, no. 1 (July 5, 2013): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.f4067.

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5

O'Farrell, KJ, and J. Crilly. "First Service Calving Rates In Irish Dairy Herds: Trends From 1991-1996." BSAP Occasional Publication 26, no. 2 (September 2001): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033899.

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AbstractIn Ireland, surveys in the 1970's have shown calving rates to first service of 60-69%. Since then genetic merit and milk yield per cow have increased significantly. The objectives of this study were to determine calving rates in Irish dairy herds for the period 1991-1996 and if these had declined over time. Breeding records for 58 Spring calving commercial dairy herds maintained on the computerised DAIRYMIS System were analysed. Inseminations were categorised as either DIY AI (DIY), commercial AI (COM) or Natural Service (NAT). Between 1991 and 1996 there was a significant trend towards DIY (P<0.01) and away from NAT (P<0.01) with no consistent trend in COM usage. In 1991, roughly one third of services were to each of the three service methods but by 1996 DIY accounted for nearly 50% of all services. A subset of 34 herds, which had been present for at least five of the six years between 1991 and 1996, was used in the calving rate analysis. Calving rates to first service for DIY (48.4%) and NAT (46.0%) were not significantly different although both were significantly lower (P<0.001) than those for COM (54.5%). For small (<65), medium (65-128) and large herds (˃128) the respective proportion of services in each category were 22%, 44% and 34%. The respective calving rates of 55.2%, 51.6% and 45.7% declined significantly as herd size increased For all service types, there was a significant (P<0.001) decline in first service calving rate over time. The increased usage of DIY, combined with its lower fertility rates, would appear to be one factor responsible for the reduction in calving rate for 1991-1996 period.

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6

Lynch, M. J., E. M. Fox, L. O’Connor, K. Jordan, and M. Murphy. "Surveillance of Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Irish Bovine Dairy Herds." Zoonoses and Public Health 59, no. 4 (November 30, 2011): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01443.x.

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7

Barrett, Damien J., Michael L. Doherty, and Anne M. Healy. "A descriptive epidemiological study of mastitis in 12 Irish dairy herds." Irish Veterinary Journal 58, no. 1 (2005): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-58-1-31.

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8

DILLON, E. J., T. HENNESSY, and J. CULLINAN. "Measuring the economic impact of improved control of sub-clinical mastitis in Irish dairy herds." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 4 (January 8, 2015): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614001178.

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SUMMARYImprovements in milk quality are important if the Irish dairy industry is to grow sustainably and retain a competitive advantage in a post-quota environment. In this regard, superior animal health has an important role to play. In order to reduce the costs of disease and to improve best practice it is important to demonstrate the economic gains achievable from improved dairy herd health. Elevated levels of somatic cell count (SCC) are an indicator of the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds. Nationally representative farm-level data for Ireland (2008–2011) and panel data methods are used here to consider the independent effect of herd-level SCC (an annual weighted average figure based on monthly milk bulk tank readings) on both milk yield and gross margin per cow. Results indicate a 2% reduction in productivity for farms with SCC above 400 (‘000 cells/ml), while a reduction in bulk tank SCC from 400 to 300 (‘000 cells/ml) for the average herd (55 cows) results in an annual increase in gross margin of €1045. The impact of a range of herd management practices on SCC is also considered, with such practices shown to be important in influencing animal health.

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9

Daly, M., E. Power, J. Björkroth, P. Sheehan, A. O’Connell, M. Colgan, H. Korkeala, and S. Fanning. "Molecular Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Epidemiological Investigation of Mastitis Outbreaks in Irish Dairy Herds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.6.2723-2729.1999.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen in both humans and animals. This bacterium, most often associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients, was found to be the causative agent in bovine mastitis outbreaks among 11 Irish dairy herds. Epidemiological findings suggested that the infection was spread to all herds by teat wipes that had been contaminated with this organism. Two molecular-typing strategies were used in an attempt to determine the genomic relationship(s), if any, of the P. aeruginosastrains isolated from the various herds and to verify whether the same strain was responsible for each outbreak. Thirty-six isolates from the mastitis outbreaks were tested and compared to fourteen clinical isolates from Cork University Hospital. With one exception, all outbreak-linked strains produced identical patterns when ribotyped withClaI and PvuII enzymes. Eight of the clinical isolates gave the same ClaI ribotype pattern as the mastitis-causing strains. However, PvuII proved more discriminatory, with only the outbreak isolates producing identical patterns. Similar results were obtained with RW3A-primed DNA amplification fingerprinting, with all outbreak isolates except one displaying the same fingerprint array. The clinical strains produced several fingerprint patterns, all of which were different from those of the mastitis-causing isolates. Fine-resolution DNA fingerprinting with a fluorescence-labelled RW3A primer also identified a number of low-molecular-weight polymorphisms that would have remained undetected by conventional methods. These data support the view that the sameP. aeruginosa strain was responsible for the mastitis outbreaks in all 11 herds.

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10

Selemetas, Nikolaos, Paul Phelan, Padraig O’Kiely, and Theo De Waal. "Cluster analysis of fasciolosis in dairy cow herds in Munster province of Ireland and detection of major climatic and environmental predictors of the exposure risk." Geospatial Health 9, no. 2 (March 19, 2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.349.

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Fasciolosis caused by <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> is a widespread parasitic disease in cattle farms. The aim of this study was to detect clusters of fasciolosis in dairy cow herds in Munster Province, Ireland and to identify significant climatic and environmental predictors of the exposure risk. In total, 1,292 dairy herds across Munster was sampled in September 2012 providing a single bulk tank milk (BTM) sample. The analysis of samples by an in-house antibody-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), showed that 65% of the dairy herds (n = 842) had been exposed to <em>F. hepatica</em>. Using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, 16 high-risk and 24 low-risk (P <0.01) clusters of fasciolosis were identified. The spatial distribution of high-risk clusters was more dispersed and mainly located in the northern and western regions of Munster compared to the low-risk clusters that were mostly concentrated in the southern and eastern regions. The most significant classes of variables that could reflect the difference between high-risk and low-risk clusters were the total number of wet-days and rain-days, rainfall, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), temperature and soil type. There was a bigger proportion of well-drained soils among the low-risk clusters, whereas poorly drained soils were more common among the high-risk clusters. These results stress the role of precipitation, grazing, temperature and drainage on the life cycle of <em>F. hepatica</em> in the temperate Irish climate. The findings of this study highlight the importance of cluster analysis for identifying significant differences in climatic and environmental variables between high-risk and low-risk clusters of fasciolosis in Irish dairy herds.

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11

McAloon, Conor G., Michael L. Doherty, Paul Whyte, Simon J. More, Luke O'Grady, Lorna Citer, and Martin J. Green. "Relative importance of herd-level risk factors for probability of infection with paratuberculosis in Irish dairy herds." Journal of Dairy Science 100, no. 11 (November 2017): 9245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12985.

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12

Snijders, S. E. M., K. O'Farrell, M. P. Boland, P. Dillon, M. Diskin, D. O'Callaghan, and J. F. Mee. "Effect of genetic merit on postpartum follicular development, milk production, body weight and, insulin and glucose levels in dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598408.

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Efficient milk production in Ireland in both spring and autumn calving herds is very much dependent on compact calving. This requires an early resumption of ovarian activity, high submission rate, and pregnancy rate to service. Since 1984 there has been an increase in the genetic merit of Irish dairy herds. High genetic merit animals have reduced reproductive performance due to the demands of high milk yield (Nebel and McGilliard, 1993) and the loss of body weight and body condition (Butler and Smith, 1989). However, little comparative data on the reproductive performance of dairy cows of different genetic merit are available. The objective of this study was therefore, to determine the relationship between genetic merit of dairy cows and follicular growth patterns, milk production, body weight loss, insulin and glucose levels in early lactation.

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13

Snijders, S. E. M., K. O'Farrell, M. P. Boland, P. Dillon, M. Diskin, D. O'Callaghan, and J. F. Mee. "Effect of genetic merit on postpartum follicular development, milk production, body weight and, insulin and glucose levels in dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034012.

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Efficient milk production in Ireland in both spring and autumn calving herds is very much dependent on compact calving. This requires an early resumption of ovarian activity, high submission rate, and pregnancy rate to service. Since 1984 there has been an increase in the genetic merit of Irish dairy herds. High genetic merit animals have reduced reproductive performance due to the demands of high milk yield (Nebel and McGilliard, 1993) and the loss of body weight and body condition (Butler and Smith, 1989). However, little comparative data on the reproductive performance of dairy cows of different genetic merit are available. The objective of this study was therefore, to determine the relationship between genetic merit of dairy cows and follicular growth patterns, milk production, body weight loss, insulin and glucose levels in early lactation.

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14

Mee, John F. "Temporal trends in reproductive performance in Irish dairy herds and associated risk factors." Irish Veterinary Journal 57, no. 3 (2004): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-57-3-158.

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15

O’Connor, Sean, Ehiaze Ehimen, Suresh C. Pillai, Gary Lyons, and John Bartlett. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Small-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants on Irish Dairy Farms." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030637.

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The European Union’s (EU) climate and energy package requires all EU countries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 20% by 2020. Based on current trends, Ireland is on track to miss this target with a projected reduction of only 5% to 6%. The agriculture sector has consistently been the single largest contributor to Irish GHG emissions, representing 33% of all emissions in 2017. Small-scale anaerobic digestion (SSAD) holds promise as an attractive technology for the treatment of livestock manure and the organic fraction of municipal wastes, especially in low population communities or standalone waste treatment facilities. This study assesses the viability of SSAD in Ireland, by modelling the technical, economic, and environmental considerations of operating such plants on commercial Irish dairy farms. The study examines the integration of SSAD on dairy farms with various herd sizes ranging from 50 to 250 dairy cows, with co-digestion afforded by grass grown on available land. Results demonstrate feedstock quantities available on-farm to be sufficient to meet the farm’s energy needs with surplus energy exported, representing between 73% and 79% of the total energy generated. All scenarios investigated demonstrate a net CO2 reduction ranging between 2059–173,237 kg CO2-eq. yr−1. The study found SSAD systems to be profitable within the plant’s lifespan on farms with dairy herds sizes of >100 cows (with payback periods of 8–13 years). The simulated introduction of capital subvention grants similar to other EU countries was seen to significantly lower the plant payback periods. The insights generated from this study show SSAD to be an economically sustainable method for the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Irish agriculture sector.

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16

Wickham, B. W., P. R. Amer, D. P. Berry, M. Burke, S. Coughlan, A. Cromie, J. F. Kearney, N. Mc Hugh, S. McParland, and K. O'Connell. "Industrial perspective: capturing the benefits of genomics to Irish cattle breeding." Animal Production Science 52, no. 3 (2012): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11166.

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Genomics is a technology for increasing the accuracy with which the genetic merit of young potential breeding animals can be determined. It enables earlier selection decisions, thus reducing generation intervals and gives rise to more rapid annual rates of genetic gain. Recently, the cost of genomics has reduced to the point where it enables breeding-program costs to be reduced substantially. Ireland has been a rapid adopter of genomics technology in its dairy-cattle breeding program, with 40% of dairy-cow artificial inseminations in 2010 being from bulls evaluated using genomic information. This rapid adoption has been facilitated by a comprehensive database of phenotypes and genotypes, strong public funding support for applied genomics research, an international network of collaborators, a short path between research and implementation, an overall selection index which farmers use in making breeding decisions, and a motivated and informed breeding industry. The shorter generation interval possible with genomic selection strategies also allows exploitation of the already accelerating rate of genetic progress in Ireland, because elite young dairy bulls are considerably superior to the small numbers of bulls that entered progeny test 6 years ago. In addition, genomics is having a dramatic impact on the artificial-insemination industry by substantially reducing the cost of entry, the cost of operation, and shifting the focus of breeding from bulls to cows. We believe that the current industry structures must evolve substantially if Irish cattle farmers are to realise the full benefits of genomics and be protected from related risks. Our model for future dairy breeding envisages a small number of ‘next generation research herds’, 1000 ‘bull breeder herds’ and an artificial-insemination sector using 30 new genomically selected bulls per year to breed the bulk of replacements in commercial milk-producing herds. Accurate imputation from a low-density to a higher-density chip is a key element of our strategy to enable dairy farmers to afford access to genomics. This model is capable of delivering high rates of genetic gain, realising cost savings, and protecting against the risks of increased inbreeding and suboptimal breeding goals. Our strategy for exploiting genomic selection for beef breeding is currently focussed on genotyping, using a high-density chip, a training population of greater than 2000 progeny-tested bulls representing all the main beef breeds in Ireland. We recognise the need for a larger training population and are seeking collaboration with organisations in other countries and populations.

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17

Jago, J., and D. P. Berry. "The association between herd size, herd expansion and breeding policy, reproduction and production performance of spring calving Irish dairy herds." Advances in Animal Biosciences 1, no. 1 (April 2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470010001664.

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18

McAloon, Conor G., Paul Whyte, Simon J. More, Luke O’Grady, and Michael L. Doherty. "Development of a HACCP-based approach to control paratuberculosis in infected Irish dairy herds." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 120, no. 2 (June 2015): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.04.018.

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19

Selemetas, Nikolaos, Els Ducheyne, Paul Phelan, Padraig O’Kiely, Guy Hendrickx, and Theo De Waal. "Spatial analysis and risk mapping of Fasciola hepatica infection in dairy herds in Ireland." Geospatial Health 9, no. 2 (March 19, 2015): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.350.

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Fasciolosis is generally a subclinical infection of dairy cows and can cause marked economic losses. This study investigated the prevalence and spatial distribution of fasciolosis in dairy cow herds in Ireland using an in-house antibodydetection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applied to bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected during the autumn of 2012. A total of 5,116 BTM samples were collected from 4,602 different herds, with 514 farmers submitting BTM samples in two consecutive months. Analysis of the BTM samples showed that 82% (n = 3,764) of the dairy herds had been exposed to <em>Fasciola hepatica</em>. A total of 108 variables, including averaged climatic data for the period 1981-2010 and contemporary meteorological data for the year 2012, such as soil, subsoil, land cover and habitat maps, were investigated for a possible role as predictor of fasciolosis. Using mainly climatic variables as the major predictors, a model of the predicted risk of fasciolosis was created by Random Forest modelling that had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The most important predictors in descending order of importance were: average of annual total number of rain-days for the period 1981-2010, total rainfall during September, winter and autumn of 2012, average of annual total number of wet-days for the period 1981- 2010 and annual mean temperature of 2012. The findings of this study confirm the high prevalence of fasciolosis in Irish dairy herds and suggest that specific weather and environmental risk factors support a robust and precise distribution model.

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20

Archer, Simon C., Finola Mc Coy, Wendela Wapenaar, and Martin J. Green. "Association of season and herd size with somatic cell count for cows in Irish, English, and Welsh dairy herds." Veterinary Journal 196, no. 3 (June 2013): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.004.

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21

Barrett, D. J., T. Clegg, A. M. Healy, and M. L. Doherty. "A Study of Dry Cow Therapy and Effects on SCC in 10 Irish Dairy Herds." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 53, no. 3 (April 2006): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00794.x.

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22

Sergeant, E. S. G., C. G. McAloon, J. A. Tratalos, L. R. Citer, D. A. Graham, and S. J. More. "Evaluation of national surveillance methods for detection of Irish dairy herds infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 3 (March 2019): 2525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15696.

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23

Leonard, Nola, John F. Mee, Sylvia Snijders, and Dermot Mackie. "Prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in bulk tank milk from unvaccinated irish dairy herds." Irish Veterinary Journal 57, no. 4 (2004): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-57-4-226.

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24

Biemans, F., R. Ben Romdhane, P. Gontier, C. Fourichon, G. Ramsbottom, S. J. More, and P. Ezanno. "Modelling transmission and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis within Irish dairy herds with compact spring calving." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 186 (January 2021): 105228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105228.

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25

Cassidy, Lara M., Matthew D. Teasdale, Seán Carolan, Ruth Enright, Raymond Werner, Daniel G. Bradley, Emma K. Finlay, and Valeria Mattiangeli. "Capturing goats: documenting two hundred years of mitochondrial DNA diversity among goat populations from Britain and Ireland." Biology Letters 13, no. 3 (March 2017): 20160876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0876.

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The domestic goat ( Capra hircus ) plays a key role in global agriculture, being especially prized in regions of marginal pasture. However, the advent of industrialized breeding has seen a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity within commercial populations, while high extinction rates among feral herds have further depleted the reservoir of genetic variation available. Here, we present the first survey of whole mitochondrial genomic variation among the modern and historical goat populations of Britain and Ireland using a combination of mtDNA enrichment and high throughput sequencing. Fifteen historical taxidermy samples, representing the indigenous ‘Old Goat’ populations of the islands, were sequenced alongside five modern Irish dairy goats and four feral samples from endangered populations in western Ireland. Phylogenetic and network analyses of European mitochondrial variation revealed distinct groupings dominated by historical British and Irish samples, which demonstrate a degree of maternal genetic structure between the goats of insular and continental Europe. Several Irish modern feral samples also fall within these clusters, suggesting continuity between these dwindling populations and the ancestral ‘Old Goats’ of Ireland and Britain.

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26

Biemans, F., S. Arnoux, S. J. More, J. A. Tratalos, L. Gavey, and P. Ezanno. "The effect of risk-based trading and within-herd measures on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis spread within and between Irish dairy herds." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 209 (December 2022): 105779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105779.

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27

Somers, Huxley, Doherty, and O’Grady. "Routine Herd Health Data as Cow-Based Risk Factors Associated with Lameness in Pasture-Based, Spring Calving Irish Dairy Cows." Animals 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050204.

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Herd-level risk factors related to the cow’s environment have been associated with lameness. Uncomfortable stall surface and inadequate depth of bedding as well as abrasive alley way surface are contributing factors to increased levels of lameness. Access to pasture has been found as having a beneficial effect on cows’ locomotion. However, dairy cattle managed under grazing conditions are exposed to a different set of risk factors for lameness, mainly associated with cow tracks. Cow-based risk factors for lameness are not as clearly defined as the herd level risk factors. The objective of the present study was to use routine herd health monitoring data to identify cow-based risk factors for lameness and utilise this information to indicate cows at risk of developing lameness in the first 150 days of lactation. Lameness data were gathered from 10 pasture-based dairy herds. A total of 1715 cows were monitored, of which 1675 cows were available for analysis. Associations between lameness status and potential cow-level risk factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Parity 3 and 4 + cows showed odd ratios (OR’s) for lameness of 3.92 and 8.60 respectively (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.46–6.24; 5.68–13.0). Maximum loss of Body condition score (BCS) after calving exhibits OR’s for lameness of 1.49 (95% CI 1.08–2.04) if cows lost 0.5 in BCS after calving and 2.26 (95% CI 1.30–3.95) for cows losing more than 0.5 BCS. Animals calving in BCS 3.25 and ≥ 3.5 had correlating OR’s of 0.54 (95% CI 0.34–0.87) and 0.33 (95% CI 0.16–0.65) for being lame compared to cows calving with BCS ≤ 2.75. Data gathered as part of herd health monitoring can be used in conjunction with lameness records to identify shortcomings in lameness management. Findings and recommendations on lameness management can be formulated from readily available information on cow-based risk factors for lameness.

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28

Bloemhoff, Yris, Andrew Forbes, Barbara Good, Eric Morgan, Grace Mulcahy, Christina Strube, and Ríona Sayers. "Prevalence and seasonality of bulk milk antibodies against Dictyocaulus viviparus and Ostertagia ostertagi in Irish pasture-based dairy herds." Veterinary Parasitology 209, no. 1-2 (April 2015): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.021.

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29

Sayers, R. G., N. Byrne, E. O'Doherty, and S. Arkins. "Prevalence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) in Irish dairy herds." Research in Veterinary Science 100 (June 2015): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.011.

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30

O’ Doherty, E., R. Sayers, and L. O’ Grady. "Temporal trends in bulk milk antibodies to Salmonella, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in Irish dairy herds." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 109, no. 3-4 (May 2013): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.10.002.

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31

Evans, R. D., M. Wallace, L. Shalloo, D. J. Garrick, and P. Dillon. "Financial implications of recent declines in reproduction and survival of Holstein-Friesian cows in spring-calving Irish dairy herds." Agricultural Systems 89, no. 1 (July 2006): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.08.008.

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32

Berry, D. P., B. O’Brien, E. J. O’Callaghan, K. O. Sullivan, and W. J. Meaney. "Temporal Trends in Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Count and Total Bacterial Count in Irish Dairy Herds During the Past Decade." Journal of Dairy Science 89, no. 10 (October 2006): 4083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72453-5.

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33

O’ Doherty, E., R. Sayers, L. O’ Grady, and L. Shalloo. "Effect of exposure to Neospora caninum, Salmonella, and Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo on the economic performance of Irish dairy herds." Journal of Dairy Science 98, no. 4 (April 2015): 2789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8168.

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34

Sayers, Ríona G. "Associations between exposure to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and milk production, reproductive performance, and mortality in Irish dairy herds." Journal of Dairy Science 100, no. 2 (February 2017): 1340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11113.

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35

Archer, S. C., F. Mc Coy, W. Wapenaar, and M. J. Green. "Association between somatic cell count during the first lactation and the cumulative milk yield of cows in Irish dairy herds." Journal of Dairy Science 97, no. 4 (April 2014): 2135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7158.

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36

Evans, R. D., P. Dillon, F. Buckley, D. P. Berry, M. Wallace, V. Ducrocq, and D. J. Garrick. "Trends in milk production, calving rate and survival of cows in 14 Irish dairy herds as a result of the introgression of Holstein-Friesian genes." Animal Science 82, no. 4 (August 2006): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200660.

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AbstractTrends in milk production, calving rates, and survival were monitored on a potential 5580 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows across 14 Irish seasonal spring-calving dairy farms between the years 1990 and 2001. Over this period calving rate to first service (CALV1) reduced by 0·96% per year (55 to 44%;P< 0·001), calving rate to first and second service (CALV12) reduced by 0·84% per year ( 77 to 70%;P< 0·001) and herd average parity number reduced by 0·10 lactation per year (4·3 to 3·5;P<0·001). The proportion of North American Holstein Friesian (NAHF) genes in the cows increased by 5·5% per year (8 to 63%;P<0·001), while pedigree index for milk yield (PIMILK) of the cows increased by 25 kg per year (P<0·001). The predicted difference of the sires of the cows for calving interval and survival increased by 0·5 days (P<0·001) and reduced by 0·12% (P<0·001) per year, respectively. A negative association was found between increased phenotypic milk yield, NAHF and PIMILKand reduced calving rates as assessed by CALV1 and CALV12. Increased proportion of NAHF genes exhibited a negative effect on survival (P<0·001) whereas increased levels of heterosis had a positive impact on survival (P<0·001). The results of the present study indicate that in seasonal calving herds in Ireland a need for direct selection on traits related to fertility and survival is required to arrest and reverse the declining trends in calving rates and survival.

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Archer, S. C., F. Mc Coy, W. Wapenaar, and M. J. Green. "Association between somatic cell count early in the first lactation and the lifetime milk yield of cows in Irish dairy herds." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 5 (May 2013): 2951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6294.

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Meredith, B. K., R. Mrode, M. Winters, J. F. Kearney, E. Wall, and D. P. Berry. "Associations between the K232A polymorphism in the DGAT1 gene and performance of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in Irish and UK herds." Advances in Animal Biosciences 1, no. 1 (April 2010): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470010004590.

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O’ Doherty, E., D. P. Berry, L. O’ Grady, and R. Sayers. "Management practices as risk factors for the presence of bulk milk antibodies to Salmonella, Neospora caninum and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in Irish dairy herds." Animal 8, no. 6 (2014): 1010–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175173111400055x.

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Evans, R. D., M. Wallace, L. Shalloo, D. J. Garrick, and P. Dillon. "Corrigendum to: “Financial implications of recent declines in reproduction and survival of Holstein-Friesian cows in spring-calving Irish dairy herds” [Agricultural Systems 89 (2006) 165–183]." Agricultural Systems 91, no. 3 (December 2006): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2006.06.002.

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Kelleher, M. M., F. Buckley, R. D. Evans, and D. P. Berry. "Additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects for female reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy females." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 55, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2016-0002.

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AbstractExcellent reproductive performance (i.e. 365-day calving interval) is paramount to herd profit in seasonal-calving dairy systems. Reproductive targets are currently not being achieved in Irish dairy herds. Furthermore, most research on the genetics of reproductive performance in dairy cattle has focused primarily on lactating cows and relatively few studies have attempted to quantify the genetic contribution to differences in reproductive performance in nulliparae. The objective of the present study was to estimate the contribution of both the additive and non-additive genetic components, as well as the permanent environmental component, to phenotypic variation in the reproductive traits in nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous seasonal-calving dairy females. Reproductive phenotypes were available on up to 202,525 dairy females. Variance components were estimated using (repeatability where appropriate) linear animal mixed models; fixed effects included in the mixed models were contemporary group, parity (where appropriate), breed proportion, inter-breed specific heterosis coefficients and inter-breed specific recombination loss coefficients. Heritability of the reproductive traits ranged from 0.004 (pregnancy rate to first service) to 0.17 (age at first service in nulliparae), while repeatability estimates for the reproductive traits in cows ranged from 0.01 (calving interval) to 0.11 (pregnant in the first 42 days of the breeding season). Breed-specific heterosis regression coefficients suggest that, relative to the parental mean, a first-cross Holstein–Jersey crossbred was almost 7 days younger at first calving, had a 9-day shorter calving interval, a 6 percentage unit greater pregnancy rate in the first 42 days of the breeding season and a 3 percentage unit greater survival rate to next lactation. Heifer calving rate traits were strongly genetically correlated with age at first calving (–0.97 to –0.66) and calving rate in the first 42 days of the calving season for first parity cows (0.77 to 0.56), but genetic correlations with other cow reproductive traits were weak and inconsistent. Calving interval was strongly genetically correlated with the majority of the cow traits; 56%, 40%, and 92% of the genetic variation in calving interval was explained by calving to the first service interval, number of services and pregnant in the first 42 days of the breeding season, respectively. Permanent environmental correlations between the reproductive performance traits were generally moderate to strong. The existence of contributions from non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects to phenotypic differences among cows suggests the usefulness of such information to rank cows on future expected performance; this was evidenced by a stronger correlation with future reproductive performance for an individual cow index that combined additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects compared to an index based solely on additive genetic effects (i.e. estimated breeding values).

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Ploeger, H. W. "Comment on Bloemhoff et al., 2015. Prevalence and seasonality of bulk milk antibodies against Dictyocaulus viviparus and Ostertagia ostertagi in Irish pasture-based dairy herds. Vet. Parasitol. 209, 108–116." Veterinary Parasitology 214, no. 1-2 (November 2015): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.008.

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Ryan, E. G., A. Lee, C. Carty, J. O'Shaughnessy, P. Kelly, J. P. Cassidy, M. Sheehan, A. Johnson, and T. de Waal. "Bovine besnoitiosis (Besnoitia besnoiti) in an Irish dairy herd." Veterinary Record 178, no. 24 (April 27, 2016): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.103683.

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Byrne, W. J., H. J. Ball, R. McCormack, and N. Brice. "Elimination of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis from an Irish dairy herd." Veterinary Record 142, no. 19 (May 9, 1998): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.142.19.516.

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McGee, M., M. G. Keane, R. Neilan, P. J. Caffrey, and A. P. Moloney. "Meat quality characteristics of high dairy genetic-merit Holstein, standard dairy genetic-merit Friesian and Charolais x Holstein-Friesian steers." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 59, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijafr-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe increased use of Holstein genetic material in the Irish dairy herd has consequences for beef production. In all, 42 spring-born steers [14 Holsteins (HO), 14 Friesian (FR) and 14 Charolais × Holstein-Friesian (CH)] were reared to slaughter at between 26 and 37 mo of age. Carcass weight was higher and the lipid concentration of m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was lower (P < 0.05) for CH than the dairy breeds. Overall acceptability tended to be lower (P = 0.055) while tenderness, texture and chewiness were lower (P < 0.05) for CH compared with the dairy breeds. The proportion of C16:1 in the total lipid tended to be lower (P = 0.055) for CH than the dairy breeds. Replacing male offspring of traditional “Irish” Friesian bulls with offspring from a genetically superior (from a dairy perspective) strain of Holstein bull had no commercially important impact on beef nutritional or eating quality.

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Milne, Georgina, Andrew William Byrne, Emma Campbell, Jordon Graham, John McGrath, Raymond Kirke, Wilma McMaster, Jesko Zimmermann, and Adewale Henry Adenuga. "Quantifying Land Fragmentation in Northern Irish Cattle Enterprises." Land 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030402.

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Farmland fragmentation is considered to be a defining feature of Northern Ireland’s (NI) agricultural landscape, influencing agricultural efficiency, productivity, and the spread of livestock diseases. Despite this, the full extent of farmland fragmentation in cattle farms in NI is not well understood, and little is known of how farmland fragmentation either influences, or is influenced by, different animal production types. Here, we describe and quantify farmland fragmentation in cattle farms for all of NI, using GIS processing of land parcel data to associate individual parcels with data on the cattle business associated with the land. We found that 35% of farms consisted of five or more fragments, with dairy farms associated with greater levels of farmland fragmentation, fragment dispersal and contact with contiguous neighbours compared to other production types. The elevated levels of farmland fragmentation in dairy production compared to non-dairy, may be associated with the recent expansion of dairy farms by land acquisition, following the abolition of the milk quota system in 2015. The comparatively high levels of farmland fragmentation observed in NI cattle farms may also have important implications for agricultural productivity and epidemiology alike. Whilst highly connected pastures could facilitate the dissemination of disease, highly fragmented land could also hamper productivity via diseconomies of scale, such as preventing the increase of herd sizes or additionally, adding to farm costs by increasing the complexity of herd management.

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Roger, Louise C., G. J. Gunn, and A. Waterhouse. "Reproductive and kid performance of a newly established feral goat herd being graded up for cashmere production." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600011120.

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Interest in farming goats for cashmere production has recently arisen, both as a means of farm diversification and, through goats grazing preferences, to utilise previously under exploited resources on hill farms.A herd of 160 feral does of Irish and Scottish origin was established at the West of Scotland College's Kirkton Unit in June 1987 to investigate the potential for cashmere production from goats on a hill sheep farm. The Irish goats are of mixed ancestry with obvious dairy crossbreds in addition to many of more feral phenotype. The Scottish feral does came as an established group but proved excitable and difficult to handle. Whenever goats were grouped together for handling or at feeding points there was considerable fighting and other agonistic behaviour. A year later the level of this has reduced.One hundred and fifty eight does were divided into four groups and oestrus synchronised (goats sponges 45 mg progesterone supplied by Intervet). These were then artificially inseminated by laparoscope in two, two day sessions a week apart (21/10, 22/10, 29/10 and 30/10).

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Minchin, W., M. O. Donovan, D. A. Kenny, F. Buckley, L. Shalloo, and F. J. Monahan. "An evaluation of finishing strategies based on forage and concentrate for cull dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020263.

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Replacement rate on farms in Southern Ireland has increased from 16 per cent in 1990 to 27 per cent in 2003 or an increase of 0.8 per cent per year (Evans et al., 2004). Cull cow compromise about 38 per cent of all cattle slaughtered at Irish meat factories. Only 23% of total cows slaughtered in 2005 were killed in the first third of the year, 36% in the middle third and 41% killed in the final third, this indicates that there is an influx of unconditioned dairy cows from the milking herd at the end of the cow’s lactation. In Ireland, the average for all cull cow carcass weights is 282kg. This is considerably less than the average for other EU countries. It is especially low when compared to values in major cull cow markets such as France (343kg). The objective of this study was to evaluate four different finishing treatments for cull dairy cows based on grass silage and concentrate.

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Ryan, Siobhan, David Gleeson, Kieran Jordan, Ambrose Furey, Kathleen O'Sullivan, and Bernadette O'Brien. "Strategy for the reduction of Trichloromethane residue levels in farm bulk milk." Journal of Dairy Research 80, no. 2 (March 11, 2013): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029913000113.

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High fat dairy products, such as butter and margarine can be contaminated during the milk production process with a residue called Trichloromethane (TCM), which results from the use of chlorine based detergent solutions. Although, TCM concentrations in Irish products are not at levels that are a public health issue, such contamination can cause marketing difficulties in countries to which Irish products are being exported. In an attempt to reduce such milk residues, a template procedure was developed, tried and tested on 43 farms (from 3 processing companies). This involved identifying farms with high TCM milk, applying corrective action in the form of advice and recommendations to reduce TCM and re-measuring milks from these farms. Trichloromethane in milk was measured by head-space gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The TCM reduction strategy proved successful in significantly reducing the levels in milk in the farms tested, e.g. TCM was reduced from 0·006 to the target of 0·002 mg/kg (P < 0·05). The strategy was then applied to farms who supplied milk to six Irish dairy processors with the objective of reducing TCM in those milks to a level of ⩽0·002 mg/kg. Initially, milk tankers containing milks from approximately 10–15 individual farms were sampled and analysed and tankers with high TCM (>0·002 mg/kg) identified. Individual herd milks contributing to these tankers were subsequently sampled and analysed and farms supplying high TCM identified. Guidance and advice was provided to the high TCM milk suppliers and levels of TCM of these milk supplies were monitored subsequently. A significant reduction (minimum P < 0·05) in milk TCM was observed in 5 of the 6 dairy processor milks, while a numerical reduction in TCM was observed in the remaining processor milk.

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O'Brien, D., A. Geoghegan, K. McNamara, and L. Shalloo. "How can grass-based dairy farmers reduce the carbon footprint of milk?" Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15490.

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The Irish dairy industry aims to increase milk production from grass-based farms following the removal of the EU milk-quota system, but is also required to minimise greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to meet European reduction targets. Consequently, the sector is under increasing pressure to reduce GHG emissions per unit of milk, or carbon footprint (CF). Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine the main sources of the CF of grass-based milk production and to identify mitigation strategies that can be applied to reduce farm footprints. In total, the CF of milk was estimated for 62 grass-based dairy farms in 2014. The method used to quantify GHG emissions was a life cycle assessment (LCA), independently certified to comply with the British standard for LCA (PAS 2050). The LCA method was applied to calculate annual on- and off-farm GHG emissions associated with dairy production until milk was sold from the farm in CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq). Annual GHG emissions computed using LCA were allocated to milk on the basis of the economic value of dairy products and expressed per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk to estimate CF. Enteric methane was the main source of the CF of milk (46%), followed by emissions from inorganic N fertilisers (16%), manure (16%) and concentrate feedstuffs (8%). The mean CF of milk from the 62 farms was 1.26 kg of CO2-eq per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, but varied from 0.98 kg to 1.67 kg as measured using the 95% confidence interval. The CF of milk was correlated with numerous farm attributes, particularly N-fertiliser, the percentage of grazed grass in the diet, and production of milk solids. Grass-based dairy farmers can significantly improve these farm attributes by increasing herd genetic merit, extending the length of the grazing season and optimising N fertiliser use and, thereby, reduce the CF of milk.

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