Academic literature on the topic 'Irish – Brazil – History'

This text is an account of “Bloomsday”(a celebration of the day in which James Joyce’s Ulysses is set) in Lisbon in the years 2012-2022, from the perspective of the director of the event. I have always tried to interweave Ireland, Portugal and Brazil in the encounter with Joyce with ourselves and our sounds in language and music, with our diverse locations, and with the different translations of Ulysses. The vision has always been to combine entertainment and a subversive joy via music, performative readings and remarks on Ulysses, together with diving deep into the philosophical panorama and profound possibilities of experimenting with language through everyday characters and the experience of life and death within a simple story that encompasses Joyce’s “chaosmos.” Crucially, it is in reading and hearing the text aloud where one enters literature as reality and as a vivid experience. This text also brings up two fascinating reviews of Ulysses which were an inspiration for Bloomsday in 2022: one from 1922 by Shane Leslie (the son of a protestant Anglo-Irish landlord, who converted to Catholicism) where he referred to the book as “literary Bolshevism”; and the other from 1935 by Karl Radek (a Bolshevik leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917) who called it “a heap of dung, crawling with worms.” In their negative critique from opposite ends of the political spectrum, they nevertheless capture the revolutionary spirit and “epic of the human body” of the book in which we are still learning to catch up with and to flourish.

e13088 Background: Palbociclib was approved for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced/metastatic breast cancer (aBC/mBC) in Brazil in 2018. Worldwide studies explore palbociclib's real-world use and outcomes; however, this data is not available for Brazilian patients. IRIS Brazil study aimed to describe demographic/clinical characteristics, treatment and clinical outcomes of adult female patients who have received palbociclib as first-line treatment for HR+/HER2- aBC/mBC in private healthcare institutions in Brazil. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included females aged 18 years or older diagnosed with HR+/HER2- aBC/mBC and those who had received palbociclib as their initial line of therapy. The study analyzed variables such as demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment history, palbociclib combinations, and clinical outcomes. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates at 6- and 12-month time points. Results: A total of 121 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 54.4 years, and 82 (67.7%) were menopausal at diagnosis. A total of 51 patients (42.1%) were treated with palbociclib + fulvestrant, while 67 (55.8%) were treated with palbociclib + aromatase inhibitors. The majority of patients (n = 79; 65.3%) did not require any dose adjustments. Among the 40 patients (33.1%) who required dose adjustments, the main reason was adverse events/toxicity (n = 36; 90%). The PFS rates at 6 and 12 months were 78% and 60%, respectively. The OS rates at 6 and 12 months were 86% and 70%, respectively. Conclusions: Results from this initial real-world assessment of clinical outcomes in Brazil suggest that Palbociclib combinations exhibit favorable effectiveness in treating HR+/HER2- aBC/mBC disease, as measured by PFS and OS rates.

Background: Melanoma is a primary ocular neoplasm that may affect the iris, ciliary body, the choroid coat and others components of the eye. The ocular melanomas have a low metastatic level in dogs when compared to cats. Old animals are more affected than the young ones and there is no breed predilection. A complete eye examination and ocular ultrasound will lead to the diagnosis that will be further confirmed through histopathology. Current treatment of choice is based on the size and the structures involved by the tumor that can range from local resection to orbital exenteration. The objective of this study is to report a case of iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat of a Poodle, emphasizing its clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment.Case: This study reports a case of an intact male canine Poodle, 15 years old, weighing 5 kg that was referred for care to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. The owner initially presented a history of a progressive increase dark-colored intraocular volume in the right eye iris of the dog. On the clinical examination, no abnormality was found. On the ophthalmic examination, the right eye possessed misshapen pupil, hyperemia ocular conjunctiva (+) and diffuse corneal opacity (+) with paracentral pigmentation between 7-10 hour. On biomicroscopic ex­amination, using a slit lamp, it was observed an iris distension that was protruding directly into the anterior chamber and a diffuse opacity of the lens. Intraocular pressure was eight mmHg. B-mode ultrasonography revealed a mass involving the iris, ciliary body and the choroid coat with perilesional retinal detachment, suggesting iris ciliary body and choroid mela­noma. Due to the bad prognosis of the affected eye, the patient underwent to orbital exenteration procedure. The extracted eyeball was placed in 10% formalin and sent for histopathological examination, which was later reported as showing an iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat. The patient was re-examined six months postoperatively and no neoplasm recurrence signs were observed.Discussion: The animal stated in this report showed an increased volume of the right eye and dark pigmentation involving the iris. As highlighted by the actual literature, the size of this kind of neoplasm can vary from small to larger nodules and it can causes relevant anatomical changes. The pigmentation in these cases may vary from dark colors (black or brown) to white, for example, the amelanotic melanomas. In this report it was observed a nodular staining quite blackened pig­mentation. This kind of cancer involves mainly not neutered male dogs, with breed predilection as the German shepherd dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers and also Poodles, as reported in this case. The treatment suggested by the literature, can range from diode laser therapy to microsurgical resection with enucleation or exenteration, depending on the size of the affected region and structures involved. The treatment of choice in this patient was the orbital exenteration because of the capacity of this tumor to spread throughout the uvea and it was not sure whether scleral infiltration could already exist, although the enucleation could also be indicated. However, through the histopathological examination, it could be confirmed that the neoplasm was located only at iris, involving also the ciliary body and choroid coat without sclera leakage, so there would be no need for exenteration. The average age of the patients is around nine years old ac­cording to published reports, namely older animals as the patient here described. The orbital exenteration technique, with good safety margin resection, proved to be efficient for the surgical treatment of iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat.Keywords: ophthalmology, neoplasm, uvea.

Este artigo trata das diferentes visões européias sobre o uso de pedras como adornos por grupos indígenas na zona do estuário Amazônico e na costa norte brasileira. Estas pedras foram bem descritas por missionários e colonizadores, mais sua importância foi minimizada e esquecida ao longo do tempo pelos pesquisadores de história indígena e arqueólogos em geral. Seu valor está associado principalmente à cultura tapajônica por causa dos raros “muiraquitãs” encontrados no baixo Tapajós. Contudo, observando os registros antigos podemos notar que os franceses em São Luís referem-se ao fato de os tupinambás e tapuias usarem as pedras verdes como adornos corporais, estando restritas aos homens adultos e casados. Já entre os espanhóis e portugueses, o uso de pedras “hijadas” é narrado para fins religiosos, como amuletos mágicos. No norte amazônico, os ingleses, holandeses e irlandeses também notaram o uso de pedras preciosas e semipreciosas em trocas junto a outros grupos indígenas e em tratamentos contra a melancolia e pedra nos rins (spleen stones). De acordo com esses relatos, as pedras verdes tinham um importante papel nas sociedades indígenas, seja como elementos de troca, seja como amuletos religiosos e/ou para o tratamento de doenças.Palavras-chave: Pedras verdes, objetos de troca, contato cultural.AbstractThis article addresses the different European views on the use of stones as ornaments by indigenous groups in the area of the Amazon estuary and the northern Brazilian coast. These stones were well described by missionaries and settlers, but their importance has been minimized and forgotten over time by the researchers of indigenous history and archaeologists in general. Its value is related to tapajó culture mainly because of the rare “amulets” found in the lower Tapajós. However, observing the ancient records we can see that the French at Saint Louis refers to the fact that tupinambás and tapuias use the green stones as body ornaments, a practice restricted to married men. Among the Spanish and Portuguese, the use of “piedras hijadas” is explained in its religious purposes, such as magical amulets. In the northern Amazon, the British, Dutch and Irish also noted the use of precious and semiprecious stones in exchanges with other indigenous groups and treatments against melancholy and kidney stones (spleen stones). According to these reports, the green stones had an important role in indigenous societies, either as items of exchange, either as religious amulets and / or for treating diseases.Keywords: green stones, objects of exchange, cultural contactResumenEste artículo aborda las diferentes opiniones europeas sobre el uso de piedras como adornos de los grupos indígenas en el área de la desembocadura del Amazonas y la costa norte de Brasil. Estas piedras fueron bien descriptas por los misioneros y los colonos; su importancia se ha minimizado y olvidado con el tiempo por los investigadores de la historia indígena y los arqueólogos en general. Su valor está relacionado con la cultura tapajônica principalmentea causa de los raros “amuleto” que se encuentran en el Tapajós inferior. Sin embargo, observando los registros antiguos, podemos ver que los franceses en San Luís se refieren al hecho de que tupinambás y tapuias usaban las piedras verdes como adornos corporales, estando restringidos a los hombres casados. Entre los españoles y portugueses, el uso de “piedras hijadas” es narrado con fines religiosos, tales como amuletos mágicos. En el norte de la Amazonía, los británicos, neerlandeses e irlandeses también tomaron nota de la utilización de piedras preciosas y semipreciosas en los intercambios con otros grupos indígenas y los tratamientos contra la melancolía y los cálculos renales (piedras del bazo). Según estos informes, las piedras verdes tuvieron un papel importante en las sociedades indígenas, ya sea como objetos de intercambio, ya sea como amuletos religiosos y / o tratamiento de enfermedades.Palabras claves: piedras verdes, objetos de intercambio, contactos culturales