Journal articles: 'Irish adolescents'

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O’Brien, Wesley, Michael J. Duncan, Orlagh Farmer, and Diarmuid Lester. "Do Irish Adolescents Have Adequate Functional Movement Skill and Confidence?" Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, s2 (October 1, 2018): S301—S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0067.

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Recent research has shown that post-primary Irish youth are insufficiently active and fail to reach a level of proficiency across basic fundamental movement skills. The purpose of the current research was to gather cross-sectional data on adolescent youth, differentiated by gender, specifically to inform the development of a targeted movement-oriented intervention. Data were collected on adolescents (N = 219; mean age : 14.45 ± 0.96 years), within two, mixed-gender schools. Data collection included actual and perceived movement measurements comprised of fundamental movement skills, the functional movement screen, perceived movement confidence, and perceived functional confidence. Overall, levels of actual mastery within fundamental and functional movement were low, with significant gender differences observed. Adolescent males scored higher in the overall fundamental movement skill domain (male mean score = 70.87 ± 7.05; female mean score = 65.53 ± 7.13), yet lower within the functional movement screen (male mean score = 13.58 ± 2.59), in comparison to their female counterparts (female mean score = 14.70 ± 2.16). There were high levels of perceived confidence reported within fundamental and functional movement scales. Future intervention strategies should combat the low levels of actual movement skill proficiency, while identifying the reasons for higher perceived movement confidence within adolescents.

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Rowley, Jo, Kathleen Ganter, and Carol Fitzpatrick. "Suicidal thoughts and acts in Irish adolescents." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 18, no. 3 (September 2001): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700006443.

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AbstractObjectives: To determine the frequency of reported suicidal thoughts and acts in (a) a school-based sample of Irish adolescents, (b) adolescents attending a community child and family mental health service.Method: The study population consisted of: (a) 195 adolescents aged 13-15 years attending ten secondary schools throughout Ireland. The schools were selected to represent a wide social and cultural spread: and (b) 66 adolescents aged 13-15 years attending a community child mental health service. The measures used were the Child Behaviour Checklist completed by the parents of the adolescents and the Youth Self Report completed by the adolescents.Results: Within the school sample, the parents of 3% of adolescents reported that their child had talked of harming him/herself, but none reported acts of self-harm. Fifteen percent of the adolescents themselves reported that they had thoughts of harming or killing themselves, and 8% reported that they had tried to harm or kill themselves.Within the mental health clinic attenders sample, the parents of 33% of the adolescents reported that their child had talked of harming him/herself, and the parents of 27% reported that their child had tried to harm or kill themselves. Twenty-one percent of the adolescents themselves reported that they had thoughts of harming or killing themselves, and 21% percent reported that they had tried to do so. In both groups, adolescents with higher total problem, internalising and externalising scores on the questionnaires, indicating greater disturbance, were more likely to report thoughts and acts of self harm.Conclusions: Thoughts of suicide and acts of self harm are common in Irish adolescents and are not limited to those attending mental health services. Parents are frequently unaware of these thoughts. Further studies involving interviews with adolescents at risk are indicated to determine the significance of these thoughts and how adolescents deal with them.

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Katz, Joshua W., Todd G. Morrison, and Cormac Ó Beaglaoich. "Examining Boyhood Masculinity Within an Irish Context: An Assessment of the Reliability and Structural Validity of the Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale and the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023180.

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The Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale (MAMS) and the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale (AMIRS) were designed by American researchers to assess masculinity in adolescent boys. Given that masculinities differ cross-culturally, though, these scales may not be viable for use with non-American populations. In the current study, 221 Irish adolescents completed the MAMS and the AMIRS. Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), the MAMS’s and the AMIRS’s factor structures were tested. Results indicated poor goodness-of-fit in both cases. Attempts to improve the models were unsuccessful. Accordingly, neither the MAMS nor the AMIRS appear to be structurally valid within an Irish context. We recommend that researchers consider cultural variations when designing, validating, and utilizing indicators of masculinity.

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O’Neill, Eimear, Nabihah Abdul-Razak, Zulijana Anastasova, and Catherine O’Callaghan. "Case series: Psychosocial challenges of female youth within the Irish Travelling community." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 68, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207640211057795.

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Background: The Irish Travelling community are an ethnic minority group known for their distinct identity, traditions and language. Although this group has its roots in Ireland, they are marginalised and discriminated against by every part of Irish society. Irish Travellers are a group who are vulnerable to exclusion and experience health, economic and educational inequalities. Young female Irish Travellers in Ireland are highly susceptible to mental illnesses which makes the engagement of this ethnic group by healthcare services important. Aims: To review the cases of three female adolescents from the Irish Travelling community living in Ireland with a focus on their psycho-social difficulties. Complete a literature review, to complement and inform the three cases reviewed, on the socio-cultural and mental health challenges which effect adolescent females in the Irish Travelling community. Methods: Case series with literature search and review of relevant published articles using a keyword search of databases PubMed, PsycINFO and HSE protocols and reports. Hand searching of relevant references utilised. Informed signed consent obtained from each patient attending child and adolescent services in Ireland. Signed parental consent also obtained. Written consent obtained due to the use of patient history and assessments in the case series. Results: Adolescent females within the Irish Travelling community encounter particular difficulties within the moral constraints and expectations of this community. They encounter specific issues including mental illness, sexual stigma, domestic violence and limitations to the role of women. The three cases outlined give representative examples of the challenges faced by adolescent females within the Travelling community. Conclusions: Psychiatric services need to be aware of this vulnerable group and focus on the recognition of their needs within the context of their community.

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McMahon, E. M., U. Reulbach, P. Corcoran, H. S. Keeley, I. J. Perry, and E. Arensman. "Factors associated with deliberate self-harm among Irish adolescents." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 11 (January 8, 2010): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709992145.

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BackgroundDeliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major public health problem, with young people most at risk. Lifetime prevalence of DSH in Irish adolescents is between 8% and 12%, and it is three times more prevalent among girls than boys. The aim of the study was to identify the psychological, life-style and life event factors associated with self-harm in Irish adolescents.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted, with 3881 adolescents in 39 schools completing an anonymous questionnaire as part of the Child and Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) study. There was an equal gender balance and 53.1% of students were 16 years old. Information was obtained on history of self-harm life events, and demographic, psychological and life-style factors.ResultsBased on multivariate analyses, important factors associated with DSH among both genders were drug use and knowing a friend who had engaged in self-harm. Among girls, poor self-esteem, forced sexual activity, self-harm of a family member, fights with parents and problems with friendships also remained in the final model. For boys, experiencing bullying, problems with schoolwork, impulsivity and anxiety remained.ConclusionsDistinct profiles of boys and girls who engage in self-harm were identified. Associations between DSH and some life-style and life event factors suggest that mental health factors are not the sole indicators of risk of self-harm. The importance of school-related risk factors underlines the need to develop gender-specific initiatives in schools to reduce the prevalence of self-harm.

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Lawlor, Maria, and Deborah James. "Prevalence of psychological problems in Irish school going adolescents." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 17, no. 4 (December 2000): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700005978.

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AbstractObjectives: To establish the prevalence of psychological problems in older adolescents.Method: The Youth Self Report was completed by teenagers in a class group. Percentages scoring above clinical threshold were calculated. Gender differences and variances between school type were examined.Results: Seven hundred and seventy-nine students participated in the study, 373 males and 406 females. Of the girls 23% reported problems in the clinical range on total problem score compared with 19% of boys. Significant gender differences were noted on total problem and internalising scores but not on externalising scores. The levels of psychological problems did not appear to be influenced by school type. Of the total group 6.4% reported thinking of suicide frequently (almost twice as many girls as boys) and this rose to 25% of girls who scored in the clinical range of total problem score and 15% of boys.Conclusions: Twenty-one per cent of adolescents had problems in the clinical range. Girls reported more problems than boys. It was surprising to find that there was no gender difference in reported levels of externalising problems. The high expression of suicidal and thoughts of self-harm in those with externalising and internalising problems is of concern. This highlights the vulnerability of older adolescents as they tend to fall between the current child and adolescent services. Service provision for this population should be a priority in rural areas and on a national basis.

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Keeley, Helen S., T. Mongwa, and P. Corcoran. "The association between parental and adolescent substance misuse: findings from the Irish CASE study." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 32, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.87.

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BackgroundSelf-report data from 2716 adolescents aged 15–17 years old in Irish schools were analysed to consider the association between psycho-social factors and the presence of adolescent substance and alcohol abuse, with an emphasis on family circumstances.MethodsData were collected using the ‘Lifestyle and Coping Questionnaire’ which includes questions about lifestyle, coping, problems, alcohol and drug use, deliberate self-harm, depression, anxiety, impulsivity and self-esteem. Two additional questions were added to the standard questionnaire regarding parental substance misuse.ResultsAdolescent substance abuse was more common in boys; parental substance misuse increased the risk of adolescent abuse of alcohol and drugs; the increased risk was marginally higher if the parental substance abuse was maternal rather than paternal; the increased risk was higher if the parental substance abuse affected both rather than one of the parents, especially regarding adolescent drug abuse; the magnitude of the increased risk was similar for boys and girls. Parental substance misuse increased the risk of adolescent substance abuse even after adjusting for other family problems and the adolescent’s psychological characteristics.ConclusionsThis study indicates that parental substance misuse affects the development of both alcohol and drug misuse in adolescent children independent of other family problems and the psychological characteristics of the adolescent. A wider perspective is needed, including societal and family issues, especially parental behaviour, when attempting to reduce risk of adolescent addiction. The impact on children of parental substance misuse also needs consideration in clinical contexts.

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Grube, Joel W., Mark Morgan, and Monica Seff. "Drinking Beliefs and Behaviors Among Irish Adolescents." International Journal of the Addictions 24, no. 2 (January 1989): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088909047278.

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Callaghan, Mary, Colette Kelly, and Michal Molcho. "Exploring traditional and cyberbullying among Irish adolescents." International Journal of Public Health 60, no. 2 (December 25, 2014): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0638-7.

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Share, Michelle, and Barbara Stewart-Knox. "Determinants of food choice in Irish adolescents." Food Quality and Preference 25, no. 1 (July 2012): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.12.005.

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Kenny, Ursula, Lindsay Sullivan, Mary Callaghan, Michal Molcho, and Colette Kelly. "The relationship between cyberbullying and friendship dynamics on adolescent body dissatisfaction: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 4 (January 5, 2017): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316684939.

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The relationship between cyberbullying and friendship dynamics on adolescent body dissatisfaction was examined. Data from the Irish contribution to the international cross-sectional 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study were used. Results showed that girls were three times more likely than boys to report that their body is too fat, and adolescents who were cyberbullied were almost twice as likely as adolescents who were not cyberbullied to consider themselves too fat. Stronger friendship dynamics were associated with decreased levels of body dissatisfaction, and friendship dynamics were found to partially mediate the relationship between cyberbullying and body dissatisfaction.

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Hamzawi, M., S. Brannick, Y. Hickey, F. Jones, O. Brett Kilmurray, J. Sheridan, and G. Cullen. "N15 Feedback from adolescents and parents on the transition process to an Irish Adult IBD service." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i623—i624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.857.

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Abstract Background A nurse-led service improvement project has implemented a structured MDT model of transition for adolescents transitioning their IBD care to adult service in a tertiary hospital over a two-year period. Guidelines recommend obtaining service user and carer/parent perspectives on the process and identifying when additional emotional and psychological support is required. This had not been completed to date by the service. Methods Adolescents (13) and their parents/carer (7) who have been attending the service for 1 year were invited to complete a service-designed, patient experience questionnaire to determine how well they have adapted to adult services. Items from The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) were used to measure how participants understand and are impacted by their IBD. Negative illness perceptions are associated with anxiety, depression and poor quality of life. Results Of the 13 responses from adolescents 85% felt ready to leave children’s services at time of transfer compared to 71% of the parents. 87% of parents had concerns re transfer compared to 31% of adolescents.92% of the adolescents felt they had a chance to talk about their concerns and would also be happy to individually contact the IBD nurses with questions. Only 23% would like the IBD nurses to contact parents directly for information/medical updates. A common theme in the open-ended questions for both the adolescents and parents was the change in responsibility with the questions being directly asked to the adolescent and they are now the point of contact for the service. The most common topics for more information were fatigue, stress, diet, and getting this from a website or individually were the preferred methods. When attending clinic appointments adolescents always want to see a doctor but would like the opportunity to meet with the IBD nurse, dietitian and psychologist when required and 85% would consider using an online self-booking system if available. 50%of the adolescents reported their IBD affected them emotionally and were concerned about their illness. Conclusion Parents had greater concerns than their children regarding transition. Since moving to the adults services the adolescents attending can express their concerns and will independently contact the service. The service needs to consider providing more information about the topics requested and support in infusion services. The introduction to the IBD service of the patient information booklet, dedicated adolescent clinics, pre attendance MDT introduction meetings helped create a positive experience for the adolescents and parents. The MDT model of transition may help facilitate an individualised intervention pathway to address concerns and improve outcomes for this group.

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Murphy, John, Mary Rose Sweeney, Anna Donnla O’Hagan, and Bronagh McGrane. "Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep, Wellbeing and Physical Activity in Irish Adolescents." European Scientific Journal ESJ 18, no. 8 (February 28, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n8p1.

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Growing evidence suggests sleep plays an important role in the development of healthy adolescents, with increased interest in the associations between sleep and mental health. Higher duration and quality of sleep has been suggested as a mechanism for increased wellbeing in adolescents. Cross sectional data was collected from 5,661 Irish adolescents. 55% of Irish adolescents reported meeting the guidelines for adolescents of 8-10 hours per night. This was found to decrease with age. Higher duration and quality of sleep was positively associated with wellbeing and negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. A higher frequency of physical activity was associated with longer duration and higher quality of sleep. 9-10 hours of sleep was associated with the highest levels of wellbeing and lowest symptoms of anxiety and depression. The relationship between physical activity and increased wellbeing may be impacted by physical activity leading to higher durations and quality of sleep. Higher frequencies of physical activity may increase sleep quality and quantity thereby improving markers of mental health in adolescents.

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McLaughlin, Katrina, Karen Trew, and Orla T. Muldoon. "Religion, Ethnicity and Group Identity: Irish Adolescents’ Views." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 12, no. 3-4 (December 2006): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110600882932.

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GRUBE, JOEL W., and MARK MORGAN. "The structure of problem behaviours among Irish adolescents." Addiction 85, no. 5 (May 1990): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb03529.x.

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Carroll, Aoife, Chike Onwuneme, Malachi J. McKenna, Philip D. Mayne, Eleanor J. Molloy, and Nuala P. Murphy. "Vitamin D Status in Irish Children and Adolescents." Clinical Pediatrics 53, no. 14 (July 7, 2014): 1345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922814541999.

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Background. Vitamin D has important skeletal and extraskeletal roles but those living at northerly latitudes are at risk of suboptimal levels because of reduced sunlight exposure. Aim. To describe the vitamin D status of Irish children and identify factors predictive of vitamin D status. Methods. A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken over a 12 month period. Two hundred and fifty two healthy children attending for minor medical or surgical procedures were recruited. All had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone and bone profiles measured. Results. The mean (standard deviation) for 25OHD was 51(25) nmol/L (20.4 (10) ng/mL). Forty-five percent had levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). The following variables were significantly associated with 25OHD levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL): sample drawn in April-September, use of vitamin D supplements, consumption of formula milk, and non-African ethnicity. Conclusion. More than half of the children in this study had 25OHD levels less than 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). Vitamin D status was significantly improved by augmented oral vitamin D intake.

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Roiste, Áine De. "Peer and parent-related loneliness in Irish adolescents." Irish Journal of Psychology 21, no. 3-4 (January 2000): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2000.10558256.

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Nevin, Sheila, Alan Carr, Mark Shevlin, Barbara Dooley, and Carmel Breaden. "Factors Related to Well-Being in Irish Adolescents." Irish Journal of Psychology 26, no. 3-4 (January 2005): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2005.10446215.

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Fitzpatrick, C., and A. Deehan. "Competencies and problems of Irish children and adolescents." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 8, no. 1 (April 15, 1999): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007870050079.

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Houlihan, Brian, Michael Fitzgerald, and Myra O'Regan. "Self-esteem, depression and hostility in Irish adolescents." Journal of Adolescence 17, no. 6 (December 1994): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1994.1050.

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Regan, Áine, and Caroline Heary. "Patterns of sedentary behaviours in Irish female adolescents." Journal of Adolescence 36, no. 2 (April 2013): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.11.002.

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Brown, Katherine, Michael Fitzgerald, and Anthony Kinsella. "Prevalence of psychological distress in Irish female adolescents." Journal of Adolescence 13, no. 4 (December 1990): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(90)90028-6.

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Ng, Kwok, Sami Kokko, Tuija Tammelin, Jouni Kallio, Sarahjane Belton, Wesley O'Brien, Marie Murphy, Cormac Powell, and Catherine Woods. "Clusters of Adolescent Physical Activity Tracker Patterns and Their Associations With Physical Activity Behaviors in Finland and Ireland: Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): e18509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18509.

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Background Physical activity trackers (PATs) such as apps and wearable devices (eg, sports watches, heart rate monitors) are increasingly being used by young adolescents. Despite the potential of PATs to help monitor and improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behaviors, there is a lack of research that confirms an association between PAT ownership or use and physical activity behaviors at the population level. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the ownership and use of PATs in youth and their associations with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, sports club membership, and active travel, in 2 nationally representative samples of young adolescent males and females in Finland and Ireland. Methods Comparable data were gathered in the 2018 Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (F-SPA 2018, n=3311) and the 2018 Irish Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA 2018, n=4797) studies. A cluster analysis was performed to obtain the patterns of PAT ownership and usage by adolescents (age, 11-15 years). Four similar clusters were identified across Finnish and Irish adolescents: (1) no PATs, (2) PAT owners, (3) app users, and (4) wearable device users. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate how PAT clusters were associated with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, membership of sports clubs, and active travel, after stratification by gender. Results The proportion of app ownership among Finnish adolescents (2038/3311, 61.6%) was almost double that of their Irish counterparts (1738/4797, 36.2%). Despite these differences, the clustering patterns of PATs were similar between the 2 countries. App users were more likely to take part in daily MVPA (males, odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55; females, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.85) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.62; females, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.50) compared to the no PATs cluster, after adjusting for country, age, family affluence, and disabilities. These associations, after the same adjustments, were even stronger for wearable device users to participate in daily MVPA (males, OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.49-2.23; females, OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.80-2.82) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55-2.88; females, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.71-2.52). Significant associations were observed between male users of wearable devices and taking part in active travel behavior (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.86). Conclusions Although Finnish adolescents report more ownership of PATs than Irish adolescents, the patterns of use and ownership remain similar among the cohorts. The findings of our study show that physical activity behaviors were positively associated with wearable device users and app users. These findings were similar between males and females. Given the cross-sectional nature of this data, the relationship between using apps or wearable devices and enhancing physical activity behaviors requires further investigation.

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Connolly, Justin Patrick. "Exploring the Factors Influencing Gifted Adolescents’ Resistance to Report Experiences of Cyberbullying Behavior: Toward an Improved Understanding." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 41, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162353218763869.

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Academically gifted adolescents frequently experience cyberbullying behavior. Successful intervention and prevention of such bullying is, to a large degree, dependent on such incidents being reported to an adult caregiver. However, research shows that adolescents who have experienced cyberbullying tend not to inform parents or teachers. Despite this fact, little attention has been paid to understanding the factors underlying such reporting resistance and consequently the reasons for nonreporting remain undetermined. This study explored Irish gifted adolescents’ resistance to reporting their experiences of cyberbullying behavior. Key reasons for nonreporting included the framing of decisions based on the concepts of self-efficacy, control, perceived risks, the influence of prior reporting experiences, and influence of gender and age on reporting response. The results provide insights that will assist parents, teachers, and all those involved in the formulation of anti-bullying school policies in their attempts to increase adolescent reporting and thereby counter cyberbullying behavior.

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Hughes, G. C., S. O’Hanrahan, G. Kavanagh, and F. McNicholas. "Review of international clinical guidelines for adolescents on transition to Adult Mental Health Services and adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their application to an irish context." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.62.

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ObjectivesTo review the available clinical guidelines from Canada, North America, Europe and the United Kingdom for the diagnosis and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for adolescents previously diagnosed in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) on transition to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) and for adults presenting with a diagnostic query re-ADHD. This article seeks to apply the available guidelines to an Irish context.MethodVarious clinical guidelines and consensus statements were identified by a literature search of PubMed, incorporating literature from the past 10 years from English speaking countries and inclusion of any additional guidelines of clinical relevance. A clinical guideline with specific reference for Irish clinicians was proposed for the diagnosis and management of adults presenting for the first time with a diagnostic query re-ADHD and also to include those young adults previously diagnosed in CAMHS on transition to AMHS.ConclusionsADHD is a lifelong disorder, which if undiagnosed or untreated can lead to significant impairment resulting in a high economic cost for society. Stimulant medication is a first-line treatment option for adults with ADHD; however, some formulations are unlicensed in Ireland. Recent licensing of Atomoxetine, for both adolescents on transition and for adults with newly diagnosed ADHD is a welcome development. Third-line agents are rarely prescribed due to their side effect profiles and are prescribed off-label:It is important to establish clinical guidelines for an Irish context incorporating a biopsychosocial approach. Further discussion amongst clinicians and stakeholders is needed to plan service development.

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Kavanagh, G., S. O’Hanrahan, G. Hughes, and F. McNicholas. "Review of clinical guidelines for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their application to an Irish context." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 32, no. 3 (November 27, 2014): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.63.

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Background:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with international prevalence rates estimated to be 5%. It is currently the most common disorder treated in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Ireland. There have been a number of guidelines worldwide produced to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD; however, there are no guidelines available specifically for the Irish population and healthcare system.Objectives:The aim of this paper is to review the available clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ADHD in children adolescents across North America, Canada, Europe and the United Kingdom and to apply these to an Irish context.Methods:A number of international guidelines were reviewed. A proposed pathway for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD has been devised with the recommendation that a formalised consensus guideline should be implemented.Conclusion:This review paper has highlighted that there is consensus between the guidelines for the diagnosis of ADHD with a thorough clinical history remaining the gold standard. They further agree on the importance of identifying co-morbid disorders. When it comes to the treatment, the guidelines are less unified. This current paper has devised a proposed care pathway for ADHD in Ireland to ensure high quality cost effective care within its healthcare system.

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Lyons, Jacqueline, Janette Walton, and Albert Flynn. "Food portion sizes and dietary quality in Irish children and adolescents." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 8 (September 16, 2014): 1444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001979.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe relationships between the portion sizes of a range of foods commonly consumed by Irish children and adolescents and key indicators of dietary quality on the days they were consumed.DesignCross-sectional data from the Irish National Children’s Food Survey (2003–2004; 7 d weighed record) and National Teens’ Food Survey (2005–2006; 7 d semi-weighed record) were used to compare mean values for a number of dietary quality indicators (e.g. energy-adjusted intakes of saturated fat, dietary fibre and Na) across portion size tertiles for a range of foods, on the days the foods were consumed.SettingThe Republic of Ireland.SubjectsNationally representative samples of children aged 5–12 years (n594) and adolescents aged 13–17 years (n441).ResultsRelationships between food portion sizes and indicators of dietary quality on the days the foods were consumed were similar in both children and adolescents. Lower dietary energy density and saturated fat intakes, and higher dietary fibre intakes, were observed on the days larger portions of fruit and boiled potatoes were consumed. Higher dietary energy density and lower micronutrient intakes were observed on the days larger portions of sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed. Higher Na intakes were observed on the days larger portions of frying meats were consumed.ConclusionsThe current work identifies foods for which larger portion sizes may be associated with positive dietary attributes, as well as the opposite. Findings will form an evidence base from which more specific dietary guidance relating to portion size may be developed for Irish children and adolescents.

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Boreham, C. A. G., J. J. Strain, J. M. Savage, and J. W. Twisk. "FITNESS, FATNESS AND CHD RISK IN N. IRISH ADOLESCENTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-00817.

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Edokpolo, Osamede, Nnamdi Nkire, and Bobby P. Smyth. "Irish adolescents with ADHD and comorbid substance use disorder." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 27, no. 3 (September 2010): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670000135x.

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AbstractObjectives:To examine the literature for drug treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD), the challenges posed by this, and make recommendations taking into account current trend in Ireland.Methods:Articles published from 1992-2008 were identified using OVID-MEDLINE search using the search terms attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder. Studies cited include review articles, epidemiological studies, experimental researches, open and controlled trials of drugs in ADHD with comorbid SUD and clinical guidelines. No non-English language papers were included.Results:Thirty-six studies were examined. A number of the papers reported on the link between ADHD and SUD, that they frequently co-occur, and there is evidence that treating ADHD can reduce the risk of future SUD. Some of the studies reviewed demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of ADHD medication on the ADHD symptoms but less so on the SUD. Concerns around stimulant abuse and diversion are valid. Although there is no current evidence of frequent diversion of ADHD medications in Ireland, this practice is prevalent in the US. Consequently psychiatrists should remain vigilant to the possibility of such diversions and take measures to address them if identified.Conclusions:The available evidence suggests that medication is not hazardous in ADHD comorbid with SUD. Pharmacological treatment of ADHD, following consideration of potential risks and benefits, is justified in the presence of SUD. Both methylphenidate and atomoxetine can be used. Stabilisation of serious SUD before pharmacotherapy is preferable, and it is advisable to provide psychological treatment to address SUD in these patients.

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Stack, Niamh, Jim McKecknie, and Sandy Hobbs. "Developmental significance of part-time employment for Irish adolescents." Irish Journal of Psychology 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2001.10558262.

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Conlon, Andrea, Mike Power, Deirdre Cleary, Suzanne Guerin, and Carol Fitzpatrick. "Help-Seeking among Irish adolescents: Where Would they Turn?" Advances in School Mental Health Promotion 3, no. 3 (January 2010): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1754730x.2010.9715682.

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Browne, Deirdre, Helen Whelton, Denis O’Mullane, Jacqueline Tavener, and Edel Flannery. "The aesthetic impact of enamel fluorosis on Irish adolescents." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 39, no. 2 (January 3, 2011): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00577.x.

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Hearty, Áine P., and Michael J. Gibney. "Dietary patterns in Irish adolescents: a comparison of cluster and principal component analyses." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 5 (October 13, 2011): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002473.

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AbstractObjectivePattern analysis of adolescent diets may provide an important basis for nutritional health promotion. The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adolescents using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) and to examine the impact of the format of the dietary variables on the solutions.DesignAnalysis was based on the Irish National Teens Food Survey, in which food intake data were collected using a semi-quantitative 7 d food diary. Thirty-two food groups were created and were expressed as either g/d or percentage contribution to total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using cluster analysis (k-means) and PCA.SettingRepublic of Ireland, 2005–2006.SubjectsA representative sample of 441 adolescents aged 13–17 years.ResultsFive clusters based on percentage contribution to total energy were identified, ‘Healthy’, ‘Unhealthy’, ‘Rice/Pasta dishes’, ‘Sandwich’ and ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’. Four principal components based on g/d were identified which explained 28 % of total variance: ‘Healthy foods’, ‘Traditional foods’, ‘Sandwich foods’ and ‘Unhealthy foods’.ConclusionsA ‘Sandwich’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ pattern are the main dietary patterns in this sample. Patterns derived from either cluster analysis or PCA were comparable, although it appears that cluster analysis also identifies dietary patterns not identified through PCA, such as a ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’ pattern. Consideration of the format of the dietary variable is important as it can directly impact on the patterns obtained for both cluster analysis and PCA.

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Spillane, Ailbhe, Sarahjane Belton, Clare McDermott, Johann Issartel, Richard H. Osborne, Shandell Elmer, and Celine Murrin. "Development and validity testing of the Adolescent Health Literacy Questionnaire (AHLQ): Protocol for a mixed methods study within the Irish school setting." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e039920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039920.

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IntroductionHealth literacy research has focused predominantly on the adult population, and much less is understood about this concept from an adolescent perspective. The tools currently available to measure adolescent health literacy have been adapted from adult versions. This limits their applicability to young people because of the developmental characteristics that impact on adolescents’ behaviour, including impulse control and judgement skills. This protocol describes the intended development and validity testing of a questionnaire to measure health literacy in adolescents.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes this mixed methods study that has three phases: the first phase will involve grounded research with adolescents using qualitative group interviews, co-design and concept mapping workshops to understand what health and healthy behaviours mean to adolescents and to explore their health literacy needs and the potential domains for the questionnaire. The draft health literacy domains identified will be presented to the youth advisory panel, and the questionnaire will be altered based on their feedback. Cognitive pretesting of the questionnaire items will also be conducted. Phase 2 will involve piloting the questionnaire to a two-stage random sample of young people in five urban and rural schools in Ireland. Test–retest reliability will be conducted using Pearson correlation coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis will also be conducted to analyse the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Phase 3 will involve the questionnaire being rolled out to a nationally representative sample of adolescents (n=6052) in Ireland to assess their levels of health literacy.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to conduct this study has been granted from the University College Dublin Human Research Ethics Committee – Sciences (LS-20–08). Informed assent from adolescents and informed consent from parents/guardians will be sought. The findings of this research will be disseminated at national and international conferences, as well as through publication in peer-reviewed journals.

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Martyn, D., L. Andrews, and M. Byrne. "Prevalence rates and risk factors for mental health difficulties in adolescents aged 16 and 17 years living in rural Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 31, no. 2 (May 19, 2014): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.20.

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ObjectiveThis study sought to ascertain the prevalence rates and risk factors for a range of mental health difficulties, including suicidal ideation/self-harm among 16 and 17-year-old rural Irish adolescents, a vulnerable group in transition from childhood to adulthood.MethodAdolescents (n=237) took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a questionnaire compendium consisting of generic questions on demographic information, use of mental health services and four normed questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Adolescent and The Family Assessment Device.ResultsWe found that 16.9% of adolescents reported clinically significant mental health difficulties. Significant gender differences were found on internalising and externalising difficulties. There were no gender differences in suicidal ideation or self-harm. Only 3.4% of adolescents were receiving professional help for mental health difficulties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction, emotion-focussed coping and poor academic competence were significant predictors of poorer mental health difficulties in both genders. Family dysfunction was the strongest predictor of mental health difficulties in males. Among females, emotion-focussed coping was the strongest predictor of internalising difficulties and depression. Social diversion (social support) was predictive of less internalising difficulties and depression for females.ConclusionThe study shows that a significant number of Irish 16 and 17 year olds have mental health difficulties, yet very few are receiving treatment. Emotion-focussed coping, family dysfunction, poor academic competence and less social support were important predictors of mental health difficulties. A new finding is the stronger association that family dysfunction has with poorer mental health in males than females, when controlling for academic competence and coping skills. The findings may have implications for psychological interventions.

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Tolmac, Jovanka, and Matthew Hodes. "Ethnic variation among adolescent psychiatric in-patients with psychotic disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 5 (May 2004): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.5.428.

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BackgroundThere is strong evidence that the rates of psychiatric admission for psychosis in the UK are elevated for the Black adult population compared with the White population. Black adults also have a higher rate of involuntary psychiatric admissions. There have been no studies in this country investigating links between ethnic background and psychiatric admission in the adolescent population.AimsTo investigate whether Black compared with White adolescents from London are over represented in psychiatric in-patient settings and whether they are more likely to be detained under the Mental Health Act 1983.MethodCross-sectional survey of London adolescents aged 13–17 years, who were in-patients in psychiatric units.ResultsAdolescents from the Black group (Black African, Black Caribbean, Black British) were over represented among those admitted with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder when compared with adolescents from the White group (White British/White Irish, White Other): odds ratio=3.7,95% C12.0–6.7. They were also more likely to be detained on admission and more likely to be born outside the UK and have refugee background.ConclusionsThe possible impact of various background factors influencing admission is discussed.

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Kolshus, E. M., E. H. Kolshus, B. Gavin, W. Cullen, and F. McNicholas. "General Practitioners’ experience of child and adolescent suicidal ideation and behaviour – a survey." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 34, no. 2 (November 2, 2015): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.52.

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ObjectivesA major cause of death in Irish men aged 15–24 is suicide and the rates for those aged 15–19 are amongst the highest in Europe. Despite concerns over suicidal ideation or behaviour, little research has been done in the Irish primary care context. We therefore aimed to carry out a study of Irish General Practitioners (GPs)’ experience regarding suicidal ideation or behaviour in children and adolescents.MethodsThe study design was a descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire survey. We randomly selected 480 GPs and invited them to participate via post.ResultsIn total, 198 GPs replied, representing a response rate of 41% with a sampling error of ±6.8%. In total, 184 of respondents (93%) saw more than 50 children and adolescent patients annually, however, presentations of suicidal ideation and behaviour were relatively rare, with 36% reporting seeing none, 58% seeing between one and five and 6% seeing more than five such presentations annually. In total, 119 (62%) of GPs reported a willingness to prescribe antidepressants for this age group. In total, 66% of GPs felt this was either ‘always’ or ‘usually’ a difficult patient group to manage, and the single most commonly reported difficulty by GPs was access to services [n=48 (33%)].ConclusionsGPs reported that their management of children and adolescents with suicidal ideation or behaviour is often difficult. GPs play a key liaison role in the area of child and adolescent mental health, but our results indicate that GPs are also involved in the treatment of this patient group. However, ongoing education was not a priority according to GPs themselves.

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Byrne, Sadhbh, Lorraine Swords, and Elizabeth Nixon. "Mental Health Literacy and Help-Giving Responses in Irish Adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Research 30, no. 4 (February 4, 2015): 477–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558415569731.

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Van Hout, Marie. "Drug use among rural Irish adolescents ‐ a brief exploratory study." Drugs and Alcohol Today 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2009): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17459265200900005.

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Crofton, Emily C., Anne Markey, and Amalia G. M. Scannell. "Perceptions of healthy snacking among Irish adolescents: a qualitative investigation." International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 52, no. 4 (April 22, 2014): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2014.906939.

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Barrett, P., and C. Bradley. "Attitudes and perceived risk of cannabis use in Irish adolescents." Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) 185, no. 3 (July 4, 2015): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-015-1325-2.

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Seiger, Emily, Rosebel Ouda, Nathan Ruto, Peter Dianga, Leslie Lytle, Katie Meyer, Alice Ammerman, et al. "“We just eat this food because of hunger or because we cannot afford other foods”: Drivers of Adolescent Food Choice From the Perspectives of Adolescents and Influential Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.061.

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Abstract Objectives Kenya is experiencing rapid urbanization with increasing access to processed food and high rates of stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight/obesity. Rates of overweight and obesity are highest among women in urban areas, but evidence is limited in adolescence, a critical time for habit formation. This study aimed to understand the factors that influence adolescent girls’ food choices. Methods We conducted interviews and free-listing with influential adults (parents and food vendors, n = 7) and adolescent girls (n = 4), and three focus group discussions (FGDs) with pile sorts with 15–19 year old girls (8–11 girls per group) living in Kibera. Participants were purposively sampled. FGDs and interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and translated, and analyzed thematically. Analysts in Kenya and the US coded transcripts using Atlas.ti 9 and met regularly to discuss themes. Results Focus group participants had a mean age of 17.8 years and included girls who were in school, out of school, and working. Participants lived in 10 of 13 villages in Kibera. Across interviews and FGDs, participants described affordability being the primary influence of food choice in Kibera. Influential adults identified that adolescents are most likely to eat foods like chips and sweets compared to adults. Bean and corn stew (githeri), sweet and Irish potatoes, tea without milk, porridge, leafy greens (sukuma wiki), and rice were considered affordable and commonly consumed in Kibera. Tea with milk, stiff maize porridge (ugali), kidney beans (njahe), dairy foods, sweets, and soda were only consumed if families have money. Participants reported it was common to skip meals (typically lunch) to save money for the other meals. During pile sort activities, adolescents demonstrated knowledge of healthy and unhealthy foods. Many adolescents discussed how affordability, foods offered at school, family circumstances, relationships with food vendors, preferences, and peer-pressure influence what they eat. Conclusions Adolescent girls had general knowledge and interest in eating healthy foods, but factors like affordability, place of consumption, and family influence dominate food choices. Adolescents must be involved in the design of interventions to improve their diets. Funding Sources UNC Chapel Hill Nutrition Dept. Pilot Grant.

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O’Connor, Siobhán, Kieran Moran, Cian Burke, and Enda Whyte. "Sports-Related Concussion in Adolescent Gaelic Games Players." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 6 (October 8, 2019): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119875978.

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Background: Gaelic games are some of the most popular sports played by Irish adolescents, and the Gaelic Athletic Association has undertaken educational initiatives to improve awareness of a sports-related concussion (SRC). However, SRC underreporting is common among adolescent athletes internationally, potentially due to poor knowledge or attitudes toward SRC. This study aimed to examine previous experiences with, knowledge of, and attitudes toward reporting SRCs, as well as views on future education in adolescent Gaelic games players and their parents. Hypotheses: The hypotheses were as follows: (1) A significant number of adolescent Gaelic games players will have experienced an SRC, (2) nondisclosure of SRCs will be common, and (3) adolescents will display poorer attitudes toward reporting than parents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Adolescent male and female Gaelic games players (n = 113) and parents (n = 151) completed an anonymous questionnaire examining previous experiences with, knowledge of, and attitudes toward reporting SRCs, as well as views on future SRC education initiatives. Results: Overall, 57.5% of adolescent Gaelic games players suspected they had suffered an SRC previously, and a greater number of suspected SRCs were reported than were medically diagnosed. Adolescent players (mean score, 11.4/14) and their parents (mean score, 11.8) displayed good knowledge of SRC signs and symptoms. However, adolescents were less likely to report an SRC during an important game or if an important game was coming up. Both adolescents and their parents would like more SRC education, particularly in the format of online videos or medical professional–led workshops. Conclusion: Underreporting of SRC occurs in adolescent players, despite good knowledge of SRC signs and symptoms. Education is required to highlight the importance of completing a return-to-play program after an SRC regardless of match importance. Clinical Relevance: A multifaceted educational strategy that targets the wider Gaelic games community in the preferred formats identified by key stakeholders is required.

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Millar, Sophie, Megan O’Donoghue, Breige McNulty, Laura Kirwan, and Aideen McKevitt. "A cross-sectional observation on habitual non-alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from four Irish post-primary schools." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002627.

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AbstractObjectiveNo up-to-date data on the dietary intake of Irish adolescents are available. The aim of the present pilot study was to obtain and compare cross-sectional information on habitual adolescent beverage consumption between four distinct post-primary schools in the Republic of Ireland, in 2014–2015.DesignA cross-sectional observation study. A beverage consumption questionnaire was used to obtain data on beverage intake and influences on consumption.SettingFour post-primary mixed-sex schools in Ireland representing the following school classifications were selected for the study: urban fee-paying, urban disadvantaged, rural fee-paying and rural disadvantaged.SubjectsStudents (n 761) aged 12–18 years.ResultsData were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis (non-parametric) ANOVA to compare the distribution of beverage consumption across the schools. Water was the most highly consumed beverage among students from all four schools (median 1425 ml/d). Students from urban and rural disadvantaged schools reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage intake than students from fee-paying schools. Students from an urban disadvantaged school also reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage and energy drink intake compared with the other three schools. Students from an urban fee-paying school reported the highest consumption of water, while rural disadvantaged school students were the biggest consumers of tea and milk.ConclusionsSignificant differences in beverage consumption (ml/d) were reported by adolescents from four schools in Ireland. Surveillance on current beverage consumption trends among adolescents is vital to guide policies and interventions, and for appropriate targeting of resources.

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Kerr, Maeve A., Kirsten L. Rennie, Tracy A. McCaffrey, Julie M. W. Wallace, Mary P. Hannon-Fletcher, and M. Barbara E. Livingstone. "Snacking patterns among adolescents: a comparison of type, frequency and portion size between Britain in 1997 and Northern Ireland in 2005." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 1 (June 5, 2008): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508994769.

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Despite the potential link between snack food intake and obesity and the reportedly high prevalence of snacking among adolescents, adolescent snack food patterns (types of foods consumed, frequency and portion size) have not been extensively examined. This study examines these issues using data on the snacking patterns of adolescents aged 13–16 years who took part in the 1997 National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and that from a Northern Irish (NI) cohort of adolescents collected 8 years later, in 2005. Overall energy intake was significantly higher in the NI adolescents in 2005 compared with the NDNS adolescents in 1997 (P < 0·01). Consequently, energy intake from snacks was significantly higher in the NI cohort (P < 0·01) and a trend for a higher % energy intake from snacks compared with the NDNS group was observed (median 32·5 % v. 29·8 %, respectively). Sugar-sweetened carbonated and soft drinks remained the most popular choice of snack over this 8-year period; however, both the portion size consumed and frequency of consumption were significantly higher among the adolescents in 2005 compared with those in 1997 (P = 0·022 and P = 0·014, respectively). Despite the lower popularity, and correspondingly lower frequency of milks and beverages, the portion size of both food groups was significantly higher among the adolescents in 2005 compared with those in 1997 (P < 0·001 and P = 0·007, respectively). These findings may provide scope for policy interventions to place particular emphasis on reducing typical portion sizes consumed of popular snack choices, in particular high-energy carbonated and soft drinks, among UK adolescents.

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Mhaoláin, Áine Ni, and Brendan D. Kelly. "Ireland's Mental Health Act 2001: where are we now?" Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 5 (May 2009): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.019760.

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SummaryIreland's Mental Health Act 2001 was fully implemented in 2006 and aimed to bring Irish legislation more in line with international standards such as the European Convention on Human Rights and United Nations Principles for the Protection fo Persons with Mental Illness. the new legislation introduced several important reforms in relation to involuntary admission, independent reviews of involuntary detention, consent to treatment, and treatment of children and adolescents. Although the Mental Health Act 2001 focuses clearly on protecting the right to liberty, it also presents significant challenges in terms of service delivery and resources within Irish mental health services.

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Gera, Taruna. "Spirituality as Protective Factor of Health Risk Behaviors among Adolescents." Mind and Society 11, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-112-20229.

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Health behaviours are the behaviours that are practised by people for the enhancement and maintenance of their health. These behaviours are common in all age groups, but adolescence, as the most vulnerable age, has a higher proclivity to engage in risky behavior. Among the protective factors, increasing research in the area documents that spirituality and spiritual practises serve as the protective agent for health-risk behaviors. The present study makes an attempt to explore spirituality as a protective factor against health-risk behaviours among adolescents. The study aims to see the relationship between the two facets of spirituality, namely, spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality, with respect to health risk behaviours among adolescents. The sample comprised of 600 adolescents from various colleges and universities in the state of Haryana, India. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) by King (2008), the Spiritual Personality Inventory by Husain et al. (2012), and the Revised Health Risk Behavior Inventory by Irish (2012) were used. The descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation were applied to explore the relationship among the variables, and simple linear correlation was applied to look for the effect size of the variables. The study’s findings show a significant negative correlation between spirituality and health risk behavior, and spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality both appear to be significant protective factors against health risk behaviours in adolescents. The findings suggest the cultivation and nurturance of spiritual beliefs and spiritual practises in individuals right from the early age of life span for the prevention of health risk behaviours during adolescence.

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McNicolas, Fiona, Barbara Dooley, Leonie Keogh, Alma Lydon, Ruth Lennon, Sinead Ahern, Ciaran Coyle, Aoife Whelan, and Linda O. Donoghue. "Eating problems in Irish children and adolescence – EPICA." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 27, no. 4 (December 2010): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700001476.

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AbstractObjectives: To examine eating concerns in a cohort of Irish adolescents.Methods: Students from a stratified random sample of post primary schools were screened using the EAT-26, the EDI-III and a study specific questionnaire.Results: A total of 3,031 students (mean age 14.74, range 12–19) enrolled in the study. The majority of respondents felt popular (91%), happy (75.2%) and perceived themselves to have a good quality of life (86.8%). Despite this, 32% of females dieted, 29.4% were dissatisfied with their bodies, and 10.8% scored above 20 on the EAT-26. Adolescents always on a diet reported a lower quality of life (QoL) X2(16, N=2,961) =144.43, p <.000, perceived themselves to be less popular X2(15, N=2,963) =53.26, p <.000 and less academically able X2(16, N=2,297) =43.96, p<.000, than those who never dieted. Comparing EPICA values to published norms, Irish males had significantly lower EAT scores, females had comparable total EAT-26 scores but significantly lower levels of dieting and higher levels of bulimic features and oral control. Girls in mixed schools had higher rates of body dissatisfaction F (1,2855) = 16.61, p <.001 and drive for thinness F (1,2860) = 11.78, p <.005 than girls attending same sex schools.Conclusions: Weight and body image concerns were high among Irish adolescents, especially females, with higher than expected levels of bulimia and oral control scores on the EAT but lower scores on the dieting subscale. Females attending mixed sex schools appear most at risk of eating pathology.

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Strasser-Burke, Nora, and Jennifer Symonds. "Who Do You Want to Be Like? Factors Influencing Early Adolescents’ Selection of Accessible and Inaccessible Role Models." Journal of Early Adolescence 40, no. 7 (October 14, 2019): 914–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431619880619.

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This study investigates the impact of accessible and inaccessible role models on early adolescents’ conceptions of their identities. Accessible role models have regular direct interactions with adolescents, while inaccessible role models like celebrities do not. This investigation was based within the context of a broader educational intervention targeting educational resilience of school students by prompting them to interact with material drawn from outstanding Irish career role models. Data were collected by interviewing 15 students and analyzing the transcripts thematically. Results revealed that adolescents mostly selected role models perceived as emotionally available, relatable, and successful, within proximal contexts. These accessible role models gave adolescents behavioral cues on overcoming difficulties and attaining success. Adolescents selected inaccessible role models to scaffold future selves, based on how the role models’ life stories connected personally to their lives. This signals how adolescents select and use different types of role models in their identity formation.

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Roddy, S., L. Tiedt, I. Kelleher, M. C. Clarke, J. Murphy, C. Rawdon, R. A. P. Roche, et al. "Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 10 (February 28, 2012): 2157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000311.

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BackgroundPsychotic symptoms, also termed psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the absence of psychotic disorder, are common in adolescents and are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum illness in adulthood. At the same time, schizophrenia is associated with deficits in social cognition, with deficits particularly documented in facial emotion recognition (FER). However, little is known about the relationship between PLEs and FER abilities, with only one previous prospective study examining the association between these abilities in childhood and reported PLEs in adolescence. The current study was a cross-sectional investigation of the association between PLEs and FER in a sample of Irish adolescents.MethodThe Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS), a self-report measure of PLEs, and the Penn Emotion Recognition-40 Test (Penn ER-40), a measure of facial emotion recognition, were completed by 793 children aged 10–13 years.ResultsChildren who reported PLEs performed significantly more poorly on FER (β=−0.03, p=0.035). Recognition of sad faces was the major driver of effects, with children performing particularly poorly when identifying this expression (β=−0.08, p=0.032).ConclusionsThe current findings show that PLEs are associated with poorer FER. Further work is needed to elucidate causal relationships with implications for the design of future interventions for those at risk of developing psychosis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Irish adolescents'

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