Journal articles: 'Irgafos 168'

1

An, Xijie, Ying Gao, Zizhen Dong, Qinglin Guo, Lili Li, and Yancang Li. "Effects of Commercial Antioxidants on Aging Resistances of Asphalt Binders." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7725148.

Full text

Abstract:

Asphalt aging has a direct influence on the durability of asphalt mixture. In order to improve thermal oxidizing aging resistance of asphalt, the commercial antioxidants including Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 were selected to modify base asphalt and SBR asphalt. The basic properties of modified asphalt before and after the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) are evaluated by penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was applied to determine the antiaging mechanism of modified and unmodified asphalt. According to the test result, Irganox 1010 not only reduces the aging degree of asphalt but also has little adverse effect on other properties. Irgafos 168 with a content of 1% improves the low temperature ductility of asphalt and improves the antiaging performance of asphalt significantly. After RTFOT, the content of oxygen-containing functional groups (carbonyl group and sulfoxide group) declines significantly in antioxidation modified asphalt, and Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 inhibit oxidizing reaction in the aging procedure. This study can provide a useful reference for improving the aging property of asphalt in highway construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Baloul, Hakim, Naima Belhaneche-Bensemra, Ana Rodriguez Bernaldo De Quirós, and Raquel Sendon. "Analysis and quantitative estimation of phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene packaging for fat products." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 9 (October 25, 2018): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0454.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the interactions between polypropylene (PP) food packaging for fatty products (margarine) and food simulant. For this purpose, a simulant (olive oil) was used in two different temperatures (20°C and 40°C). The interaction phenomena were investigated according to the rate of mass variation of PP samples with time and by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the presence of two phenomena – migration of additives and sorption of the simulant, with the phenomena more pronounced at 40°C. Furthermore, the HPLC analysis identified the presence of Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 as antioxydants and allowed to carry out a kinetic study of Irganox 1010 migration. The concentration of Irganox 1010 decreased from 13.35 to 4.76 mg/kg at a temperature of 40°C and to 5.85 mg/kg at a temperature of 20°C after 10 days of contact with olive oil. The Irgafos 168 migration could not be evaluated because it is very sensitive to oxidation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hernández-Fernández, Joaquín, Heidis Cano, and Ana Fonseca Reyes. "Valoration of the Synthetic Antioxidant Tris-(Diterbutyl-Phenol)-Phosphite (Irgafos P-168) from Industrial Wastewater and Application in Polypropylene Matrices to Minimize Its Thermal Degradation." Molecules 28, no. 7 (April 2, 2023): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073163.

Full text

Abstract:

Industrial wastewater from petrochemical processes is an essential source of the synthetic phenolic phosphite antioxidant (Irgafos P-168), which negatively affects the environment. For the determination and analysis of Irgafos P-168, DSC, HPLC-MS, and FTIR methodologies were used. Solid phase extraction (SPE) proved to be the best technique for extracting Irgafos from wastewater. HPLC-MS and SPE determined the repeatability, reproducibility, and linearity of the method and the SPE of the standards and samples. The relative standard deviations, errors, and correlation coefficients for the repeatability and reproducibility of the calibration curves were less than 4.4% and 4.2% and greater than 0.99955, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the Fisher method with confidence in 95% of the data, did not reveal significant differences between the mentioned parameters. The removal of the antioxidant from the wastewater by SPE showed recovery percentages higher than 91.03%, and the chemical characterization of this antioxidant by FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, and MS showed it to be structurally the same as the Irgafos P-168 molecule. The recovered Irgafos was added to the polypropylene matrix, significantly improving its oxidation times. An OIT analysis, performed using DSC, showed that the recovered Irgafos-blended polypropylene (PP) demonstrated oxidative degradation at 8 min. With the addition of the Irgafos, the oxidation time was 13 min. This increases the polypropylene’s useful life and minimizes the environmental impact of the wastewater.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Siriorn, Isarankura Na Ayutthaya, Bunyarak Munchumart, Boondeacha Natanicha, Sangrawee Nut, Markmee Nopparat, and Haaian Suchart. "Viscosity improvement of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) from waste bottles by adding antioxidants and chain-extender." E3S Web of Conferences 302 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130202019.

Full text

Abstract:

This research work is focused on the viscosity improvement of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) from waste bottles by adding antioxidants and multi-functional reactive polymer (Joncry ADR 4468, chain extender). The achieve the objective of this work the investigated was broken into two parts. The first part studied the effect of rPET viscosity after adding various types of antioxidants and stabilizer such as Irgafos®168, Tinuvin® 770, Irganox®1010. The second part observed the effect of viscosity after it was blended with chain extender at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 pph. rPET was then dried in the oven at 120 oC for 12 hrs, to deplete the moisture. Then, the dried rPET (mixed with the chemicals above) was extruded into a compound using a twin screw extruder. The shear viscosity of the extruded compound was then measured using a rotational rheometer at 270 oC. The results revealed that the addition of chain extender increased the shear viscosity and the tensile strength at break of rPET. Therefore, the chain extender interacted with chains, which could change the structure to be the longer chains, branching or network structures. These structures are entangled and interrupt the movement of the molecular chains. It can be concluded that the viscosity of rPET can be improved by adding a chain extender at 0.6 pph, and the antioxidants of Irgafos®168, Tinuvin®770 and Irganox®1010 at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.5 pph, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Leila Goushjuii, Ali Ranji, and Elham Feyz. "Spectrophotometric determination of Irgafos 168 in polymers after different sample preparation procedures." Microchimica Acta 159, no. 3-4 (February 6, 2007): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-006-0721-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Mohammad Reza Vardast, and Morteza Bahram. "Optimization of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 from Polyolefins Before Liquid Chromatographic Analysis." Chromatographia 69, no. 5-6 (December 11, 2008): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0912-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Cardoso, Augusto O. "Determinação de Inibidores de Degradação em Polietileno de Alta Densidade (PEAD) Através da Extração por Micro-Ondas e Análise via HPLC." Revista Processos Químicos 9, no. 17 (January 2, 2015): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19142/rpq.v9i17.238.

Full text

Abstract:

A extração e subsequente separação e quantificação de substâncias que retardam o processo de degradação no Polietileno de Alta Densidade (PEAD), denominadas como aditivos, têm provado ser um desafio para os químicos. Existem alguns métodos que utilizam o refluxo com solventes específicos para esta extração, assim como energia sônica, forno de microondas, extração com fluido supercrítico, apenas para citar os mais utilizados. Recentemente foi lançado no mercado um digestor que utiliza micro-ondas, normalmente, usado em sínteses orgânicas, mas que também pode ser utilizado nas extrações de aditivos em polímeros. Por ser uma técnica nova, na literatura praticamente não existem publicações científicas a respeito do seu uso para a extração de aditivos em PEAD, embora para polipropileno e polietileno linear já existam métodos consagrados para esta finalidade. Foi obtida uma boa condição para a extração de irganox 1010, irganox 1076 e irgafos 168 fosfito e fostato em 30 minutos, com subsequente separação em corrida de oito minutos, utilizando HPLC com fase reversa, coluna C18 e fase móvel isocrática composta por acetonitrila e metanol. Salientamos que, apesar de terem sido determinadas condições ótimas de extração, não significa afirmar que sejam as únicas possíveis. Certamente existirão outras combinações de parâmetros que trarão boas taxas de recuperação destes aditivos em PEAD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Fiorio, Rudinei, Dagmar D’hooge, Kim Ragaert, and Ludwig Cardon. "A Statistical Analysis on the Effect of Antioxidants on the Thermal-Oxidative Stability of Commercial Mass- and Emulsion-Polymerized ABS." Polymers 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010025.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work, statistical analysis (16 processing conditions and 2 virgin unmodified samples) is performed to study the influence of antioxidants (AOs) during acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) melt-blending (220 °C) on the degradation of the polybutadiene (PB) rich phase, the oxidation onset temperature (OOT), the oxidation peak temperature (OP), and the yellowing index (YI). Predictive equations are constructed, with a focus on three commercial AOs (two primary: Irganox 1076 and 245; and one secondary: Irgafos 168) and two commercial ABS types (mass- and emulsion-polymerized). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that the nitrile absorption peak at 2237 cm−1 is recommended as reference peak to identify chemical changes in the PB content. The melt processing of unmodified ABSs promotes a reduction in OOT and OP, and promotes an increase in the YI. ABS obtained by mass polymerization shows a higher thermal-oxidative stability. The addition of a primary AO increases the thermal-oxidative stability, whereas the secondary AO only increases OP. The addition of the two primary AOs has a synergetic effect resulting in higher OOT and OP values. Statistical analysis shows that OP data are influenced by all three AO types, but 0.2 m% of Irganox 1076 displays high potential in an industrial context.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yan, Yan, Chang-Ying Hu, Zhi-Wei Wang, and Zi-Wei Jiang. "Degradation of Irgafos 168 and migration of its degradation products from PP-R composite films." Packaging Technology and Science 31, no. 10 (July 19, 2018): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.2405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

GARDE, JOSÉ A., RAMÓN CATALÁ, and RAFAEL GAVARA. "Global and Specific Migration of Antioxidants from Polypropylene Films into Food Simulants." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1000–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.8.1000.

Full text

Abstract:

Global migration and specific migration of antioxidants (AOs)—Irgafos 168 [tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite], Irganox 1076 [octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionate], and Hostanox SE2 (disteary thiodipropionate)—from polypropylene (PP) films into food simulants (water, 3% acetic acid, 95% ethanol, olive oil, and heptane) were studied. Films (50, 100, and 200 μm thick) were exposed to simulants at temperature-time conditions simulating migration under retorting and long-term storage. Global migration into aqueous simulants was independent of film thickness and conditions of exposure, so it seems as if the migration process was limited to the dissolution of migrants on the contacting surface. Global migration to fatty food simulants was dependent on simulant, conditions of exposure, and in some cases film thickness. Specific AO migration was analyzed from dry residues obtained from global migration analysis. Migration of AOs into aqueous simulants was below the detection limit (0.01 mg/dm2). Migration into fatty food simulants was dependent on the simulant. The extractive power of simulants was similar to that observed in global migration studies. Specific migration into heptane was independent of the polymer mass, though dependent on the thickness. Migration into ethanol was dependent on both mass and thickness. A theoretical discussion about the controversial effect of thickness on migration results, based on the kinetics of the process, is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hermabessiere, Ludovic, Justine Receveur, Charlotte Himber, David Mazurais, Arnaud Huvet, Fabienne Lagarde, Christophe Lambert, et al. "An Irgafos® 168 story: When the ubiquity of an additive prevents studying its leaching from plastics." Science of The Total Environment 749 (December 2020): 141651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141651.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Marín-Morocho, Karina, Sandra Domenek, and Rómulo Salazar. "Identification of Potential Migrants in Polyethylene Terephthalate Samples of Ecuadorian Market." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 3769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213769.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the plastic packaging material most widely used to produce bottles intended for contact with food and beverages. However, PET is not inert, and therefore, some chemical compounds present in PET could migrate to food or beverages in contact, leading to safety issues. To evaluate the safety of PET samples, the identification of potential migrants is required. In this work, eight PET samples obtained from the Ecuadorian market at different phases of processing were studied using a well-known methodology based on a solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and overall migration test. Several chemical compounds were identified and categorized as lubricants (carboxylic acids with chain length of C12 to C18), plasticizers (triethyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate), thermal degradation products (p-xylene, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid), antioxidant degradation products (from Irgafos 168 and Irganox), and recycling indicator compounds (limonene, benzophenone, alkanes, and aldehydes). Additionally, overall migration experiments were performed in PET bottles, resulting in values lower than the overall migration limit (10 mg/dm2); however, the presence of some compounds identified in the samples could be related to contamination during manufacturing or to the use of recycled PET-contaminated flakes. In this context, the results obtained in this study could be of great significance to the safety evaluation of PET samples in Ecuador and would allow analyzing the PET recycling processes and avoiding contamination by PET flakes from nonfood containers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Salafranca, J., J. Cacho, and Cristina Nerín. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Optimization by Full-Factorial Design for the Determination of Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168, and Chimassorb 81 in Virgin and Recycled Polyolefins." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 22, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19991001)22:10<553::aid-jhrc553>3.0.co;2-e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Yang, Yueping, Changying Hu, Huaining Zhong, Xi Chen, Rujia Chen, and Kit L. Yam. "Effects of Ultraviolet (UV) on Degradation of Irgafos 168 and Migration of Its Degradation Products from Polypropylene Films." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no. 41 (October 5, 2016): 7866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

TANAKA, Yasuo, Kyoko TAKAHASHI, Tadayoshi SASAO, Tadashi KIRIGAYA, Shiro HOSOI, Noboru NAGAOKA, Taro KAWAMURA, and Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA. "Detection of Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (Irgafos 168,Antioxidant in Plastics) and Its Oxide in Commercial Frozen Vegetables." Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 44, no. 4 (2003): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.44.181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Leila Goushjuii, Mohsen Mazloom Farsibaf, and Ali Ranji. "Gas chromatographic technique for determination of Irgafos 168 in polyolefin samples after conversion to the related phenolic compound by saponification." Microchimica Acta 160, no. 1-2 (July 31, 2007): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0815-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kato, Lilian Seiko, and Carlos A. Conte-Junior. "Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132077.

Full text

Abstract:

Several food contact materials (FCMs) contain non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), and most of the substances that migrate from plastic food packaging are unknown. This review aimed to situate the main challenges involving unknown NIAS in plastic food packaging in terms of identification, migration tests, prediction, sample preparation, determination methods and risk assessment trials. Most studies have identified NIAS in plastic materials as polyurethane adhesives (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester coatings, polypropylene materials (PP), multilayers materials, plastic films, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recycled materials, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Degradation products are almost the primary source of NIAS in plastic FCMs, most from antioxidants as Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, following by oligomers and side reaction products. The NIAS assessment in plastics FCMs is usually made by migration tests under worst-case conditions using food simulants. For predicted NIAS, targeted analytical methods are applied using GC-MS based methods for volatile NIAS and GC-MS and LC-MS based methods for semi- and non-volatile NIAS; non-targeted methods to analyze unknown NIAS in plastic FCMs are applied using GC and LC techniques combined with QTOF mass spectrometry (HRMS). In terms of NIAS risk assessment and prioritization, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is the most applied tool for risk assessment. Bioassays with sensitive analytical techniques seem to be an efficient method to identify NIAS and their hazard to human exposure; the combination of genotoxicity testing with analytical chemistry could allow the Cramer class III TTC application to prioritize unknown NIAS. The scientific justification for implementing a molecular weight-based cut-off (<1000 Da) in the risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated. Although official guides and opinions are being issued on the subject, the whole chain’s alignment is needed, and more specific legislation on the steps to follow to get along with NIAS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fouyer, Kevin, Olivier Lavastre, and David Rondeau. "Direct Monitoring of the Role Played by a Stabilizer in a Solid Sample of Polymer Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry: The Case of Irgafos 168 in Polyethylene." Analytical Chemistry 84, no. 20 (October 2, 2012): 8642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac301759q.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Naebi, Maryam, Masoumeh Arabli Jamshidi, Mir Ali Farajzadeh, Jafar Abolhassni, and Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam. "In‐process prepared deep eutectic solvent based homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of irgaphos 168 and irganox 1010 in polypropylene packed drinks." Journal of Separation Science 43, no. 14 (May 27, 2020): 2850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.202000148.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Panagoula, Bakoulia, Marcouli Panayiota, and Joan Iliopoulou-Georgudaki. "Acute Toxicity of Tbt and Irgarol in Artemia salina." International Journal of Toxicology 21, no. 3 (May 2002): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810290096360.

Full text

Abstract:

A 24-hour LC50 bioassay method was carried out to study acute toxicity of Tributyltin (TBT) and IRGAROL (C11H19N5S) in Artemia salina. Five graded levels of both biocides were tested. According to the range test, the doses of TBT were 11.6 ng·l–1, 21.0 ng·l–1, 37.3 ng·l–1, 65.2 ng·l–1, and 116.5 ng·l–1, and for IRGAROL were 1.0 mg·l–1, 1.8 mg·l–1, 3.2 mg·l–1, 5.6 mg·l–1, and 10 mg·l–1. The determined LC50 values were 41.41 ng·l–1 and 1.62 mg·l–1 respectively. These results indicate that in this system TBT is acutely more toxic than IRGAROL; however, both are proven environmentally toxic substances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Harino, Hiroya, Sayaka Midorikawa, Takaomi Arai, Madoka Ohji, Nguyen Duc Cu, and Nobuyuki Miyazaki. "Concentrations of booster biocides in sediment and clams from Vietnam." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 5 (August 25, 2006): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406014147.

Full text

Abstract:

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five booster biocides (Sea-Nine 211, Dichlofluanid, Duiron, Irgarol 1051 and Pyrithiones) and degradation product of Irgarol 1051 (M1) in sediment from Vietnam was developed by LC/MS-MS. The recovery rates and relative standard deviation of the booster biocides in the sediment were in the range of 71–108% and 1.5–12%, respectively, and the detection limits were in the range of 0.04–2 μg kg−1 dry. An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of three booster biocides (Sea-Nine 211, Duiron and Irgarol 1051) and M1 in clams was also developed by LC/MS-MS. The recovery rates and relative standard deviations of the booster biocides in the biological samples were in the range of 60–99% and 3.4–6.8%, respectively, and the detection limits were in the range of 0.24–1.1 μg kg−1.The booster biocides in sediment from the coastal area of northern and central Vietnam were measured using this analytical method. Sea-Nine 211, Dichlofluanid, Duiron, Irgarol 1051, M1 and Pyrithiones were detected in the range of 0.09–1.3 μg kg−1 dry, <0.10–13 μg kg−1 dry, 0.11–3.0 μg kg−1 dry, 0.05–4.0 μg kg−1 dry, <0.1–0.43 μg kg−1 dry and <2–420 μg kg−1 dry, respectively. The detection frequencies of Dichlofluanid, M1 and Pyrithiones were low. The species and levels of detected booster biocides varied between sampling stations.Irgarol 1051 and its degradation product M1 were not detected in clams.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Pasaribu, Desi Lusiani, I. Wayan Arnata, and Bambang Admadi Harjosuwono. "Deteksi Jejak Komponen Polimer Geomembran pada Garam dengan Alas Pengering Plastik Geomembran." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian Agrotechno 7, no. 2 (August 11, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jitpa.2022.v07.i02.p01.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of geomembrane plastic in salt production has been effectively used since 2012. Geomembrane plastic can increase the growth of salt production by almost 100%. Geomembrane plastic is a relatively thin, interconnected polymer sheet. Geomembrane plastic is used repeatedly for approximately two years and is exposed to sunlight. This research was conducted to determine the traces of geomembrane polymer components in salt dried in the sun using a geomembrane plastic drying mat. UV-Visible was used to detect the presence of traces of polymer components and determine the functional groups of polymer components using FTIR spectroscopy. The results of the UV-Visible identification of salt water and polluted distilled water showed the presence of two migrating chemical elements and the FTIR identification of the samples showed absorption peaks at 3874-3209 cm?¹ O-H, 3059-2782 cm?¹ C-H, 1709-1509 cm?¹ C=C, 1378 cm?¹ CH and 1224-1068 cm?¹ C-C. The geomembrane plastic molecules that are thought to migrate to the salt are the HDPE copolymer and the antioxidant additive Irganox 1330.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Uyar, Basar, and Imren Meydan. "Performance of commercial antioxidants in white mineral oils." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, January 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-09-2022-0288.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The aim of this paper is to study the effects of commercially available antioxidants on the oxidation stability of white mineral oils (paraffin oil). Design/methodology/approach Twelve commercially available antioxidants (Chimassorb 81, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 765, Tinuvin 571, Irganox L57, Irganox L109, Irganox L101, Irganox L115, Irganox L06, Irgafos 168, Naugard 445, BHT) were added to pharmaceutical and technical grade white mineral oils at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.8% (w/w) concentrations. Light, heat and oxygen were applied to induce and accelerate oxidation. Total acid number, viscosity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the oils were measured to evaluate the performance of the antioxidant additives. Findings Results showed that combined heat and oxygen treatment was the most effective of the three conditions tested to cause oxidation. Based on the data, the best antioxidant additives to be used in white oils are decided to be Irganox L06 and Irganox L101. It was also found that the grade of oils (technical or pharma) did not create a significant difference in the results obtained. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that reports effects of antioxidant addition on the oxidative properties of white mineral oils. This study advances knowledge of the behavior of white mineral oils under real atmosphere and provides comprehensive data on how the antioxidants affect the light, thermal, oxidative degradation of white mineral oils. The data presented also provide an insight to extend life expectancy of white mineral oils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

"Productivity Improvement: From a Multipurpose to a Single-Product Unit and from Batch to Continuous Production." CHIMIA 54, no. 12 (December 20, 2000): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2000.721.

Full text

Abstract:

Ciba Specialty Chemicals has been manufacturing the Ciba® IRGAFOS® 168 Process Stabilizer for 25 years. Two fundamental changes in the design concept of the production equipment and in the process have been implemented:• Firstly from a multipurpose unit to a single-product unit, both running with a batch-wise manufacturing process.• Secondly from a batch-wise process to a continuous one, both running in dedicated single-product units. Remarkable improvements in productivity have been achieved over the years, due to the extension of know-how about the product itself and its manufacturing process and to revisions in the design concept of the equipment and the production strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Meides, Nora, Anika Mauel, Teresa Menzel, Volker Altstädt, Holger Ruckdäschel, Jürgen Senker, and Peter Strohriegl. "Quantifying the fragmentation of polypropylene upon exposure to accelerated weathering." Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43591-022-00042-2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPolymers are omnipresent in our everyday lives. For specific applications, their properties can be extensively modified by various types of additives, e.g., processing stabilizers, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, flame retardants, and plasticizers. While several additives are nowadays considered to be toxic or persistent in the environment, quantitative data characterizing plastic fragmentation and microplastic formation have not yet been discussed in detail. Here, we present a long-term, laboratory-controlled accelerated weathering study on polypropylene (PP) particles with and without processing stabilizers. We were able to identify the stabilizers as Irgafos® 168, and Irganox® 1010. For both PP sample sets, we monitored the degradation using a combination of various analytical methods, such as gel permeation chromatography, particle size distributions, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C magic-angle spinning NMR and liquid-state 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The stabilizers prevent degradation by simulated solar radiation for about 350 h. Then, degradation sets in rapidly, leading to an exponential decrease in molecular weight and particle size, accompanied by an increase in crystallinity and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. After 3200 h, representing approximately 2 years of outdoor weathering, both PP samples exhibit comparable characteristics and sizes, regardless if a stabilizer was initially present. During degradation, an extremely large number of 100,000 daughter particles (4 µm) are formed and released from one MP particle of 192 µm diameter. Their physical properties and chemical composition have largely changed, resulting in a very low molecular weight and a hydrophilic character. These particles no longer resemble pristine PP. We thus expect them to be more prone to biodegradation compared to the starting material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Markley, Laura C., Andrés Gonzalez-Bonet, Adejoke Ogungbesan, Omari J. Bandele, Allan B. Bailey, and Geoffrey W. Patton. "Safety assessment for Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos 168) used as an antioxidant and stabilizer in food contact applications." Food and Chemical Toxicology, June 2023, 113877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113877.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Rytöluoto, Ilkka, Kari Lahti, Mikael Ritamäki, and Mikka Karttunen. "The Role of Film Processing in the Large-Area Dielectric Breakdown Performance of Nano-Silica-BOPP Films." Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, no. 24 (September 4, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i24.2286.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>This paper summarizes the effects of various compositional, structural and film processing factors on the breakdown behavior of laboratory- and pilot-scale melt-compounded bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) nanocomposite films with silica fillers. A selfhealing multi-breakdown measurement approach has been extensively utilized for large-area breakdown characterization of a large number of material variants from different processing trials. The results suggest that although the optimum level of silica presumably resides at the low fill-fraction range (~1 wt-%), the silica content itself is not the only determining factor, as compounds with equal silica content were found to exhibit large differences in the breakdown properties depending on the compounding and film processing steps. Dispersion quality and filler agglomeration (in both the nm- and μm-scale) appear to be of great importance. Indications of possible interaction between nano-silica and co-stabilizer Irgafos 168 are also presented. Overall, the laboratory- and pilot-scale film processing trials suggest that up-scaling of the polymer nanocomposite production is sensible with traditional melt-blending technology, although further development and optimization of nanocomposite formulations and processing is necessary.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ouédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba, Hugo Mell, Olivier Perceval, Karen Burga, Isabelle Domart-Coulon, Laetitia Hédouin, Mathilde Delaunay, et al. "What are the toxicity thresholds of chemical pollutants for tropical reef-building corals? A systematic review." Environmental Evidence 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00298-y.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Tropical coral reefs cover only ca. 0.1% of the Earth’s surface but harbour exceptional marine biodiversity and provide vital ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. They are currently threatened by global (e.g. climate change) and local (e.g. chemical pollution) stressors that interact in multiple ways. While global stressors cannot be mitigated by local actions alone, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management. Here, we aimed to systematically review experimental studies assessing the toxicity of chemical pollutants to tropical reef-building corals to generate accessible and usable knowledge and data that can be used to calculate measurement endpoints in ecological risk assessment. From the quantitative estimates of effects, we determined toxicity thresholds as the highest exposures tested at which no statistically significant adverse effects were observed, and we compared them to regulatory predicted no effect concentrations for the protection of marine organisms, to assess whether these reference values are indeed protective of corals. Methods The evidence was taken from a systematic map of the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals published in 2021. All studies in the map database corresponding to the knowledge cluster “Evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on corals” were selected. To identify subsequently published literature, the search was updated using a subset of the search string used for the systematic map. Titles, abstracts and full-texts were screened according to the criteria defining the selected cluster of the map. Because the eligibility criteria for the systematic review are narrower than the criteria used to define the cluster in the systematic map, additional screening was performed. Studies included were critically appraised and each study was rated as low, unclear, medium, or high risk of bias. Data were extracted from the studies and synthesised according to a strategy dependent on the type of exposure and outcome. Review findings The systematic review reports the known effects of chemical exposures on corals from 847 studies corresponding to 181 articles. A total of 697 studies (161 articles) were included in the quantitative synthesis and 150 studies (50 articles) in the narrative synthesis of the findings. The quantitative synthesis records the effects of 2706 exposure concentrations-durations of 164 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, and identifies 105 toxicity thresholds corresponding to 56 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals. When toxicity thresholds were compared to reference values set for the protection of marine organisms by environmental agencies, the reference values appear to be protective of corals for all but three chemicals assessed: the metal copper and the pesticides diuron and irgarol 1051. Conclusions This open-access database of known ecotoxicological effects of chemical exposures on corals can assist managers in the ecological risk assessment of chemicals, by allowing easy determination of various ecotoxicological thresholds. Several limitations of the toxicity tests synthesised here were noted (in particular the lack of measurement of effective concentrations for more than half of the studies). Overall, most of the currently available data on coral toxicity should be replicated independently and extended to corals from less studied geographical regions and functional groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Irgafos 168'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles