Journal articles on the topic 'Ireland'
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1
Rudko, Serhii. "The Status of Northern Ireland after Brexit: Probable Models." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 5, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.5.3-4.9-15.
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The article highlights one of the main issues related to the UK's withdrawal from the European Union, Northern Ireland’s new status, in particular, the status of the border between NI and the Republic of Ireland. It has been an ‘apple of discord’ from the first stage and during the last stage of the Brexit negotiations. The future ‘hard’ or ‘soft’ Irish-British border is not a problem in the negotiations between the United Kingdom and the European Union only, but is also a serious domestic political challenge for Theresa May’s government. The article explains possible models of the future status of Northern Ireland. The most probable solutions are: a ‘reverse Greenland’, a ‘reverse Cyprus’ and a ‘German version’.
Following the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, the EU invested heavily in supporting border communities for the development of small business and industry, which improved the economic situation in the area of the former conflict and facilitated border dialogue. However, it led to the fact that many enterprises were oriented towards the EU market or border trade. The article concludes that the ‘reverse Greenland’ model would enable Northern Ireland to remain in the single market and customs union apart from the rest of Great Britain, which would prevent the establishment of a tight boundary between both Irelands. The author outlined the possible implications of the ‘reverse Cyprus’ model, which suggests that the United Kingdom would technically remain a part of the EU, and that the EU’s legislation would be suspended only on its separate parts (that is, Wales and England). The researcher emphasizes that the ‘German version’ could be applied in the case of future reunification of both Irelands, then Northern Ireland would remain a part of the EU until its new status on the referendum have been resolved.
The article summarized that no examples above provide a precise analogy, since Brexit is unprecedented event. The most likely models of the Northern Ireland’s future are the ‘reverse Greenland’ and the ‘reverse Cyprus’
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Elements and Czar Sepe. "Ireland Reimagined." Elements 17, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/eurj.v17i1.14895.
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Ireland's decade of centenaries (2012-2022) commemorates historial milestones that led to the country's independence from Great Britain and the creation of the Republic of Ireland. However, since the advent of the Irish nation, its history has always been a contested space - where opposing political social, and cultural groups negotiate between historical narratives - to lay claim to a 'true' Irish history. This paper presents the competing historiographies involved in the Irish government's decade of centenaries and identifies the socio-political agenda behind state commemorations. A historical analysis of the commemorations that took place in the 2010s proves that socio-political considerations factored in the way Ireland's founding was portrayed by the Government, the public, and civil society. Overall, this paper concluded that the Irish Government's chief aims were to strike a conciliatory tone with northern Ireland, 'crowd-out' opposing historical narratives, and project Ireland's economic progress through the irish proclamation. Neverthless, academic historians and the public intervened in this negotiation to create reimagined histories of Ireland.
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McDonagh, Kenneth. "Ireland's Foreign Relations in 2022." Irish Studies in International Affairs 34, no. 1 (2023): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/isia.2023.a918366.
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ABSTRACT: This review examines Ireland's foreign relations in 2022. As Ireland emerged from the final period of Covid pandemic restrictions it faced an unstable world. Russia's illegal escalation of its war in Ukraine would be the main focus of Ireland's engagement with the world. The EU agenda was dominated by the response to the conflict and Ireland demonstrated solidarity with its partners. 2022 was also the second and final year of Ireland's membership of the UN Security Council and saw Ireland take up the Presidency of the Council of Europe. Relations with the UK were strained by ongoing tensions over the Northern Ireland Protocol, not helped by political instability at Westminster. The review outlines how Ireland managed its foreign relations in this period and concludes by noting some significant deaths during the year.
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Williams, Brian, and Tom McErlean. "Maritime archaeology in Northern Ireland." Antiquity 76, no. 292 (June 2002): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00090621.
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IntroductionThe study of maritime archaeology is a relatively new activity in Northern Ireland. This paper introduces the approach that has been adopted in investigating the maritime cultural landscape and takes a detailed look at the maritime archaeology of Strangford Lough.Only in the last decade has government in Northern Ireland been responsible for the management of maritime archaeology. The Department of the Environment agency, Environment and Heritage Service (EHS), administers the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 in Northern Ireland's territorial waters. Having no knowledge of the subject and faced with the management of shipwrecks, EHS Grst created a register of known shipwrecks. A Senior Fellow, Colin Breen, was appointed in 1993 in the Institute of Irish Studies at Queen's University Belfast. Using docurnentary sourc:es such as Lloyd's List and Lloyd's Register, together with Parlianientary Sessional papers and many other documentary sources, he identified some 3000 wrecks around Northern Ireland’s short coastline (Breen 1996).
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Schiek, Dagmar. "Brexit on the island of Ireland: beyond unique circumstances." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v69i3.174.
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This article offers an original analysis of Ireland’s and the UK’s common EU membership in the light of Brexit, identifies socio-economic decline and threats to the functionality of the Good Friday Agreement as decisive threats emanating from Brexit, and suggests that these can be counteracted by providing a sustainable legal framework for hybridity of Northern Ireland in the categories of citizenship and territory, as well as for deepening socio-economic and civic integration on the island of Ireland, alongside securing antidiscrimination law in Northern Ireland. Instead of protecting these elements, the Draft Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland to the EU–UK Draft Withdrawal Agreement sacrifices the indivisibility of the Internal Market by limiting Northern Ireland’s access to markets in goods. Concise changes to the draft are proposed to address these shortcomings and to secure participation of Northern Ireland’s representatives in its implementation.
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McEvoy, F. J. "Canada, Ireland and the Commonwealth: the declaration of the Irish republic, 1948-9." Irish Historical Studies 24, no. 96 (November 1985): 506–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400034490.
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The relationship of Ireland to the Commonwealth during the period of its membership was a tortuous one. Forced to accept dominion status under threat of the renewal of Anglo-Irish hostilities, Ireland was not an enthusiastic member of the club as were the older dominions. The Constitutional Amendment (No. 27) Bill, enacted on 11 December 1936, removed all references to the crown and governor general from the constitution while the Executive Authority (External Relations) Bill, enacted the next day, recognised the crown only for purposes of diplomatic representation and international agreements. These two measures, commonly referred to as the External Relations Act, left Ireland a more or less undeclared republic with ambiguous links to the Commonwealth. Wartime neutrality differentiated Ireland even further from the other dominions, aroused British anger and brought the question of Ireland's constitutional status into even greater prominence. Ireland was, the Canadian high commissioner in Dublin considered in 1944, a more or less unknown quantity' The Canadian government, though it would have preferred a different choice, respected Ireland's neutrality and resented British actions, taken without prior consultation, that might have contrived to drive Ireland from the Commonwealth. The end of the war removed a major cause of grievance but left Ireland's nosition unresolved.
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Shonk, Kenneth L. "“Help, Given in a Disinterested Manner”." Radical History Review 2022, no. 143 (May 1, 2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9566090.
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Abstract Documents contained in the Department of Foreign Affairs files in the National Archives of Ireland reveal that many global anticolonial nationalists visited Ireland in the 1950s and 1960s. These files elucidate efforts by nationalists from Africa and Asia to emulate Ireland’s nation-building frameworks including its constitution, housing and charitable programs, educational structures, and burgeoning industries. This article uses these documents to examine hitherto unstudied aspects of Ireland’s place within larger transnational intellectual networks. This paper adds greater nuance to Jean-François Bayart’s thesis of extraversion by demonstrating that African and Asian anticolonial nationalists consciously and explicitly looked to Ireland as a model for nation-building. Emerging nations in the 1950s and 1960s sent representatives to Ireland to study the nation’s economic and political frameworks, in turn offering a space for a dialogic experience in which the emulation of Ireland was extraversion in a positive sense.
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Birnie, Esmond. "Trading Places: Continuity and Change in Northern Ireland's Trading Relationships." Irish Studies in International Affairs 35, no. 2 (2024): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/isia.2024.a928747.
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ABSTRACT: Northern Ireland's external trading relations for 2011–22 were analysed using the NISRA 'Northern Ireland economic trade statistics'. The major geographical markets were considered: Northern Ireland itself, Ireland, Great Britain (GB), rest of EU and rest of the world. In volume terms exports and external sales of goods declined during 2011–22. There was considerable growth of services. Trade integration between Northern Ireland and Ireland was considered as one indicator of the all-island economy. For both goods and services, especially the former, Northern Ireland sales to Ireland outgrew those going to GB during 2011–22. Potential explanations were considered: development of cross-border supply chains, impact on aggregate figures of the closure/contraction of a small number of larger firms and InterTradeIreland interventions. Data for 2021 and 2022 were used to consider the impact of the Protocol: more rapid growth in Northern Ireland purchases of goods from Ireland than from GB may indicate trade diversion.
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Ginty, Roger Mac, Rick Wilford, Lizanne Dowds, and Gillian Robinson. "Consenting Adults: The Principle of Consent and Northern Ireland's Constitutional Future." Government and Opposition 36, no. 4 (October 2001): 472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00077.
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‘If A Majority Of People In Northern Ireland Ever Voted To become part of a United Ireland what would you do?’ At first sight the question may seem plucked from the realms of constitutional fantasy. A united Ireland seems an unlikely prospect, at least in anything but the long term. Even proponents of unity predict a 15–20 year wait. Yet the 1998 Good Friday Agreement empowers the people of Northern Ireland to decide their own constitutional future. As a result questions on Northern Ireland's future constitutional status, and public reactions to possible changes in that status, are relevant to current political debate.It is important to note that the principle of consent is not a new constitutional invention. It has had a long association with Northern Ireland. It is argued that the peace process and the 1998 Good Friday Agreement have refocused attention on the long-standing consent principle. While consent was part of the constitutional furniture it was often overlooked during the Troubles.This article re-examines consent in the light of the peace process. It draws on evidence from the 1998 and 1999/2000 Northern Ireland Life and Times surveys, as well as a number of in-depth interviews with senior politicians and policy-makers involved in the peace process and the negotiations on a political settlement. First it considers the changing significance of the consent principle to Northern Ireland's constitutional status, arguing that the principle has assumed a renewed immediacy. Secondly, the article reports the findings of the two most recent Northern Ireland Life and Times surveys in relation to constitutional preferences. While public attitudes towards a unitary Ireland or continued Union within the United Kingdom have been surveyed regularly, as far as the authors are aware no previous survey has asked whether people would accept or oppose constitutional change if it was supported by a majority of Northern Ireland's citizens. In other words, no survey has gauged the level of public acceptance of the consent principle. The key question is: would unionists be prepared to come quietly if a majority of Northern Ireland's citizens voted to accept a united Ireland?
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McGann, Michael, Mary P. Murphy, and Nuala Whelan. "Workfare redux? Pandemic unemployment, labour activation and the lessons of post-crisis welfare reform in Ireland." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 9/10 (September 18, 2020): 963–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2020-0343.
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PurposeThis paper addresses the labour market impacts of Covid-19, the necessity of active labour policy reform in response to this pandemic unemployment crisis and what trajectory this reform is likely to take as countries shift attention from emergency income supports to stimulating employment recovery.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on Ireland’s experience, as an illustrative case. This is motivated by the scale of Covid-related unemployment in Ireland, which is partly a function of strict lockdown measures but also the policy choices made in relation to the architecture of income supports. Also, Ireland was one of the countries most impacted by the Great Recession leading it to introduce sweeping reforms of its active labour policy architecture.FindingsThe analysis shows that the Covid unemployment crisis has far exceeded that of the last financial and banking crisis in Ireland. Moreover, Covid has also exposed the fragility of Ireland's recovery from the Great Recession and the fault-lines of poor public services, which intensify precarity in the context of low-paid employment growth precipitated by workfare policies implemented since 2010. While these policies had some short-term success in reducing the numbers on the Live Register, many cohorts were left behind by the reforms and these employment gains have now been almost entirely eroded.Originality/valueThe lessons from Ireland's experience of post-crisis activation reform speak to the challenges countries now face in adapting their welfare systems to facilitate a post-Covid recovery, and the risks of returning to “workfare” as usual.
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Delahanty, Ian. "‘A Noble Empire in the West’: Young Ireland, the United States and Slavery." Britain and the World 6, no. 2 (September 2013): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0095.
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Young Ireland nationalists conciliated slaveholding and proslavery Americans in the mid-1840s by situating Irish debates over American slavery within a broader discussion of Ireland's status in the British Empire. As Irish nationalists sought to redefine Ireland's political relationship to Great Britain, many came to see material and rhetorical support from the United States as indispensable to their efforts. Unlike Daniel O'Connell, Young Irelanders proved willing to overlook slavery in the United States because they believed that an Irish-American alliance could be mobilised to critique British imperialism and potentially to gain greater autonomy for Ireland. Debates among Irish nationalists over accepting aid from slaveholding and proslavery Americans, therefore, bring into focus where O'Connell and Young Ireland differed with regard to Ireland's sufferings under the Union and involvement in the Empire.
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Rodden, John. "“The lever must be applied in Ireland”: Marx, Engels, and the Irish Question." Review of Politics 70, no. 4 (2008): 609–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050800079x.
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AbstractThis article integrates economic and social history, biography, and political theory as it explores how the personal ties of Marx and Engels to Ireland stamped their thought. Marx and Engels struggled to integrate Ireland into their theory of revolution, conceptualizing it as a “special case” of capitalist accumulation, a formulation partly motivated by their human sympathies for the Irish (especially strong in the case of Engels and Marx's daughters). Extended attention in this essay is thus devoted to the special place of Ireland in Marxist theory and praxis, which is pursued on two interconnected research fronts: Ireland's anomalous role in Marx's revolutionary vision and the Irish people's prominent role in the lives of Marx and Engels. While Marx's primary aim was always to capture the citadels of capitalism such as Great Britain, he and Engels concluded in the late 1860s that the thrust could not be administered frontally: they would have to strike at England's soft underbelly – Ireland. Throughout the life of the First International (1864–72), Ireland's place in Marx's strategic vision moved to the center, transforming Ireland into the “lever” of a European-wide revolution. For a half decade in the late 1860s to the early 1870s, Marx and Engels invested the Irish peasantry with this decisive geopolitical role; soon thereafter, their conception of Ireland's theoretical significance altered and dissolved alongside their fading hopes for a European socialist revolution.
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Hornby, Richard. "Ireland Your Ireland." Hudson Review 51, no. 3 (1998): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852729.
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Ollerenshaw, Philip. "Northern Ireland and the British Empire–Commonwealth, 1923–61." Irish Historical Studies 36, no. 142 (November 2008): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400007057.
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Despite the unprecedented interest shown by historians in Ireland and empire in recent years, comparatively little research has focused on Northern Ireland’s connections to the British Empire-Commonwealth in the post-partition decades. This article utilises some new sources to throw light on both the centrifugal and centripetal aspects of the imperial relationship. The discussion begins with the imperial significance of visits to Northern Ireland by statesmen such as William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand, to his native Ulster in 1923, and that of Gordon Coates, also Prime Minister of New Zealand, three years later. At the end of the period, the visit of Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker to both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland can add to our knowledge about the changing relationship between Northern Ireland and the Commonwealth.
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Cooney, Gabriel. "Opening the ground: archaeology and education in Ireland." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066370.
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In Ireland I think it could be said that while archaeology plays an important role in national identity, this role is implicit and not very welldefined. Images of monuments in mist or glorious sunshine and artefacts displayed as treasure or jewellery are very widely deployed. This constructed past serves a variety of different purposes for a rapidly changing present, from utilization as a symbol of the long tradition of Ireland's high technological expertise — nowadays being best expressed in the computing industry, as a backdrop for the sustained (as opposed to sustainable) drive to increase tourism, to the context for a call of a revitalization of Celtic spirituality (see discussion in Gibbons 1996). More traditionally, of course, material remains played a very important role in the construction of national identities in Ireland (e.g. Crooke 1999). For these varied reasons archaeology is seen in a positive light, as a positive project, both by political decision-makers and the public. One illustration of this is the Discovery Programme, a government-funded research initiative set up in 1991 to enhance knowledge of Ireland’s past through integrated programmes of archaeological research (Waddell 1997; Eogan 1998).
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McLoughlin, Emmet, James Hanrahan, Ann Duddy, and Séan Duffy. "European tourism indicator system for sustainable destination management in county Donegal, Ireland." European Journal of Tourism Research 20 (October 1, 2018): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v20i.341.
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Tourism is one of Ireland's most important economic sectors. In 2017, the overall visits to the country have increased by over 10%. However, such growth if not managed correctly can present many challenges to destinations, particularly along Irelands 2500km driving route, the Wild Atlantic Way (WAW). This paper reports on the application of the European Tourism Indicator System for sustainable destination management in County Donegal, Ireland. While significant data was generated on tourism activity at local level, results do suggest that a number of the indicators would need further research going forward. This evidence informed approach to tourism planning can assist Local Authorities in future planning considerations, while also helping to protect the long-term sustainability of the tourism product in County Donegal.
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Murray, Colin, and Clare Rice. "Beyond trade: implementing the Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol’s human rights and equalities provisions." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 72, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v72i1.886.
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The protections for rights and equality might be placed at the forefront of the EU/UK Withdrawal Agreement’s Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, but they have been overshadowed by debates over the Protocol’s trade provisions. This marginalisation of these elements of the Protocol is problematic. Rights and equalities protections have long been a contested aspect of Northern Ireland’s constitutional arrangements, and there is thus every possibility that the limits of these new arrangements will be tested upon their entry into force. Moreover, unlike the aspects of the Protocol relating to trade, which can ultimately be terminated by the Northern Ireland Assembly, the rights and equalities aspects of the Protocol will continue in force independent of such a vote. As such, these provisions could even be said to provide the kernel of an (uncodified) Northern Ireland Bill of Rights.
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Darcy, Eamon. "Political Participation in Early Stuart Ireland." Journal of British Studies 56, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 773–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2017.120.
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AbstractA consideration of political participation in early Stuart Ireland suggests modifications to the prospectus outlined by Peter Lake and Steven Pincus in “Rethinking the Public Sphere in Early Modern England.” By investigating the structures that facilitated public debates about politics in Ireland, as well as the factors that complicated it, this article challenges the periodization of the public sphere offered by Lake and Pincus and suggests that there is a clear need to integrate a transnational perspective. Unlike England, Scotland, and Wales, the majority of Ireland's population was Catholic. The flow of post-Tridentine Catholic ideas from the Continent and Anglo-Britannic political culture meant that competing ideas of what constituted the common good circulated widely in Ireland and led to debates about the nature of authority in the early modern Irish state. These divisions in Irish society created a distinctive kind of politics that created particularly unstable publics. Thus, Ireland's experience of the early modern public sphere differed considerably from concurrent developments in the wider archipelago.
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Kelly, Marie, Siobhán O’Gorman, and Áine Phillips. "Performing Ireland: Now, then, now …" Scene 8, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scene_00020_1.
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This article offers a comprehensive, research-informed reflection on the contents of the Special Double Issue of Scene, ‘Performance and Ireland’, conceptualized within a sense of looped temporalities (now, then, now), a concept borrowed from Irish multidisciplinary performance company, ANU Productions. From the perspectives of performance studies and visual culture, we connect and contextualize for an international readership articles concerning such topics as: Ireland’s colonial history; race, ethnicity and racism in relation to Ireland; performing the Irish diaspora; feminist activism; performing LGBTQ+ identities; the Troubles and the border in Northern Ireland; Ireland as a global brand; the Gaelic Athletics Association (GAA); and artistic engagements with hidden histories. This introductory article provides an overview of the discourses on performance studies and Ireland to date, and draws on theories of performance as they intersect with Irish studies, postcolonialism, commemoration and gender and sexuality, to situate the volume within pertinent contemporary and historical contexts from the Irish Famine (1845–49) to Covid-19. ‘Performing Ireland’ in the context of the current pandemic is considered specifically towards the end of the article.
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Edwards, Owen Dudley. "Living in Brackets: Scotland and Ireland." Scottish Affairs 31, no. 4 (November 2022): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2022.0436.
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This contribution to the theme of ‘Scotland and the Two Irelands’ considers some of the overlooked ironies of the common bonds between Scotland and Ireland. Ranging between literary and political figures over the last two centuries it concludes that our intertwined histories are stronger than the borders between us.
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Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira. "Analysing the Irish Supreme Court judgement of Sweeney v Governor of Loughan House Open Centre and Others in the light of the European Court of Human Rights’ Jurisprudence on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 23, no. 1 (February 18, 2015): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-23012059.
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The majority of Irish nationals transferred from abroad to serve their sentences in Ireland are transferred from the United Kingdom. Likewise, the majority of foreign nationals transferred from Ireland to serve their sentences in their countries of nationality are transferred to the United Kingdom. This means that the United Kingdom is Ireland’s major prisoner receiving and sending country. In July 2014 the Supreme Court of Ireland held that an offender who had been sentenced to 16 years’ imprisonment in the United Kingdom and transferred to serve his sentence in Ireland must be released after serving in Ireland the custodial sentence he would have served had he not been transferred to serve his sentence in Ireland. To reach this conclusion, the Supreme Court referred to the Transfer of Sentenced Persons Act, the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons Act and to the relevant English law. This article highlights the implications of this judgement for the transfer of offenders between Ireland and the United Kingdom in particular and other countries in general. In order to put the discussion in context, the article first deals with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on the transfer of offenders.
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An, Yongjae, Haijun Cao, and Cholu Kwon. "An Overview of Ireland’s Energy System Model and the Thinking for DPR Korea." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502073.
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The Ireland’s Energy System Model, Irish TIMES model involved building, developing, calibrating, testing and running a partial equilibrium energy systems optimization model for Ireland. Ireland is an island country surrounded by the sea, so it has abundant water and wind resources. DPR Korea is also surrounded by the sea on three sides, with a total coastline of about 17,300 km (3,169 km for Ireland), so there are abundant resources of hydropower, wave power, tidal energy and wind power. On the basis of geographical conditions, DPR Korea’s energy system can learn from Ireland’s energy system model to achieve "good model" of energy policy modelling problems. The two key new perspectives this research project gives are: (i) a full energy-systems modelling approach and (ii) a focus on the GHGs mitigation for DPR Korea by 2030.
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Gibney, John. "Select document: A discourse of Ireland, 1695." Irish Historical Studies 34, no. 136 (November 2005): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400006428.
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Ireland’s political and constitutional relationship to England remains a key theme of late medieval and early modern Irish history. Although it was a relationship in which Ireland was undoubtedly the subordinate kingdom, contemporary justifications for this subordination, and assertions of its basis, are often overshadowed by arguments directed against its validity. The text reproduced below is an assertion of that validity. It offers a highly selective analysis of English policy in Ireland from the twelfth century to the end of the seventeenth, based upon the assumption of Ireland’s legal and constitutional subordination to England. More particularly, it seeks to outline attitudes among the Protestant colonial community towards Ireland’s status, and does so at a precise juncture when such attitudes were deemed to be of imminent and crucial importance.
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Burns, Niamh. "Supporting the Barrister Profession in Northern Ireland: 100 Years and Counting." Legal Information Management 22, no. 3 (September 2022): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669622000275.
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AbstractThis article by Niamh Burns, Senior Manager for Library & Member Support Services at the Bar of Northern Ireland, provides a brief overview of the history of the Bar of Northern Ireland and an explanation of the Bar Library model and the services it provides. She provides an insight into some of the current issues facing the barrister profession in Northern Ireland, then focuses on what the Bar of Northern Ireland's Library & Information Service is doing to support members of the Bar Library in meeting some of their challenges.
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Kirwan, Adrian. "Shaping Communications: The Development of the National Telegraph Network in Ireland, 1850–70." Technology and Culture 64, no. 4 (October 2023): 1185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2023.a911000.
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abstract: Despite Ireland's centrality to transatlantic telegraphic communication and as an integral part of the United Kingdom, telegraphy on the island is often merely a footnote in the scholarship. Yet telegraphy had a significant impact in Ireland, accelerating internal and external communication times. This article provides the first comprehensive study of telegraphy's expansion, from its arrival in Ireland in the 1850s until the eve of nationalization in 1870. It shows how Ireland's geographical position as a telegraphic gateway to North America, the heavy integration of Ireland's economy into Britain after 1853, and the relationship between telegraphy and the rail network shaped Irish telegraphy in unique ways.
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Maguire, Kelly, and Emmet McLoughlin. "An evidence informed approach to planning for event management in Ireland." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-06-2019-0041.
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Purpose Events are a significant component of Ireland’s tourism offering. They are an important source of economic activity and an incremental driver of social change and development throughout the country. However, the visual and physical impacts often created by event activities to the environmental and social resource base upon which, events depend, have begun to draw attention to the way events are planned and managed. Although the concept of sustainability has become the topic of much discussion and debate in event management literature, there exist many gaps in relation to its practical application in event management planning in Ireland. This is despite the statutory obligation of local authorities in Ireland to license events and to facilitate the process of planning for large-scale outdoor public events in Ireland. Yet, with the continued expansion of Ireland’s event industry, there is a fundamental need for an evidence-informed approach to planning for event management. Through the application of the European tourism indicator system (ETIS), the long-term sustainability and competitiveness of the national event industry in Ireland could be secured. This paper aims to examine and discuss the application of the ETIS as a possible tool to facilitate greater levels of sustainability and accountability within the events industry in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative content analysis approach involving a complete population sample of local authorities in the Republic of Ireland to determine the application of the ETIS within the legal process of planning for event management in Ireland. Findings While the findings have identified a basic provision for event management within a number of local authority legally required County Development Plans, none, however, were using the ETIS to monitor the impacts of events at the local level. This lack of data collection and benchmarking highlights the need for greater levels of sustainability and accountability within the legal process of planning for event management in Ireland. Originality/value This study suggests the ETIS as an easy, cost effective and viable solution to facilitate an evidence-informed approach to planning for event management at the local level. However, the lessons learned from this study may also have implications for destination planners and event managers outside of Ireland.
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Bourke, Evan, and Deirdre Nic Chárthaigh. "Patronage Networks in Gaelic Ireland ca. 1541–ca. 1660." Renaissance Quarterly 76, no. 3 (2023): 938–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2022.436.
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Bardic poetry in early modern Ireland was the product of highly sophisticated, transactional, and mutually beneficial relationships between poets and their aristocratic patrons. This paper combines innovative methods of network analysis with traditional textual scholarship to visualize and examine these social relationships, which played a role, at both a national and regional level, in maintaining and upholding the values of Gaelic Ireland's elite. Focusing on the period from the declaration of Henry VIII as king of Ireland, in 1541, to the beginning of the Restoration period, in 1660, it highlights and explores an under-studied aspect of Renaissance Ireland.
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Aiken, Abigail R. A., Elisa Padron, Kathleen Broussard, and Dana Johnson. "The impact of Northern Ireland’s abortion laws on women’s abortion decision-making and experiences." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200198.
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BackgroundIn Northern Ireland, abortion is illegal except in very limited circumstances to preserve a woman’s life or to prevent permanent or long-term injury to her physical or mental health. Abortions conducted outside the law are a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment. We assessed the impacts of Northern Ireland’s abortion laws on women’s decision-making and experiences in accessing abortion.MethodsBetween April 2017 and February 2018 we interviewed 30 women living in Northern Ireland who had sought abortion by travelling to a clinic in Great Britain or by using online telemedicine to self-manage a medication abortion at home. We interviewed women both before and after a policy change that allowed women from Northern Ireland access to free abortion services in Great Britain. We used a semi-structured in-depth approach and analysed the interviews using grounded theory methodology to identify key themes.ResultsFour key findings emerged from our analysis: (1) women experience multiple barriers to travelling for abortion services, even when abortion is provided without charge; (2) self-management is often preferred over travel, but its criminalisation engenders fear and isolation; (3) obstruction of import of abortion medications by Northern Ireland Customs contributes to stress, anxiety, a higher risk of complications, and trial of ineffective or unsafe methods; and (4) lack of clarity surrounding the obligations of healthcare professionals in Northern Ireland causes mistrust of the healthcare system.ConclusionsNorthern Ireland’s abortion laws negatively affect the quality and safety of women’s healthcare and can have serious implications for women’s physical and emotional health. Our findings offer new perspectives for the current policy debate over Northern Ireland’s abortion laws and suggest a public health rationale for decriminalising abortion.
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Coakley, Liam. "Ireland's White Paper to End Direct Provision and Establish a New International Support Service (2021) and the ‘sticky’ discourse of control." Irish Journal of Sociology 30, no. 1 (October 9, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07916035211046143.
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The Government of Ireland has published its plan to reorder the infrastructure it uses to accommodate and support migrants seeking International Protection (IP) in Ireland. This policy document - entitled The White Paper to End Direct Provision and Establish a New International Support Service - was published on 26th February, 2021. The White Paper proposes to replace Ireland's current but discredited system with a new IP accommodation and support process – to be entitled Ireland's International Protection Support Service. This new system is intended to “treat all applicants to the process with dignity and respect” (Government of Ireland, 2021: 7). Dissonances exist, however. The discursive framing of the IPSS and the spatialities inherent in the proposals suggest a potential rearticulation of state control rather that a diminution of same. I turn to the work of scholars inspired by Giorgio Agamben to help situate the spatialities of this shift, and suggest that the current ‘white paper’ should simply be seen as a mechanism deployed the Government of Ireland to ensure that its bio-political command and control processes can migrate from the spatially-defined set of control environments currently in effect to a diffuse construction of a spatially networked series of deterritorialised indistinctions.
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CANNY, NICHOLAS. "Historians, moral judgement and national communities: the Irish dilemma." European Review 14, no. 3 (June 8, 2006): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870600041x.
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This paper treats of the peculiarity of the Irish case. Professionalization of history came late to Ireland, and when it did happen, it was with a view to overcoming the inter-denominational and inter-communal point scoring that had energized most previous writing of Ireland's history. In tracing the further development of the history profession in Ireland, the paper alludes to the extent to which the posing of new questions and the employment of new methods were motivated by historical developments elsewhere in the western academic world. The outbreak of civil conflict in Northern Ireland inspired a new phase of introspective writing about Irish identity, sometimes given the semblance of universality through the invocation of post-colonial theory. This writing was usually presented in historical format, was composed mostly by academics employed by literature and social science departments, and was severely critical of what they described as the historical revisionism in which most professional historians in Ireland were believed to have engaged. It concludes with a consideration of how historians responded both to the challenge to their integrity and to various pressures to become more judgemental in writing about Ireland's past.
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Mekhonoshina, Yu A. "THE EU ECONOMY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS. IRELAND’s CASE." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-462-466.
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In 2008 the world faced a powerful economic crisis, which led to significant problems in the EU. Some states, such us Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain, were on the verge of default. In such conditions the EU had to take appropriate measures to save European countries. The author reviewed the measures which concerned Ireland. At the beginning of the century Irish economy showed rapid growth. But in 2010 the default threatened “The Celtic tiger”. It was conditioned by the collapse of mortgage landing system and the rapid outflow of foreign capital. As far as Ireland participates in the euro zone the other European countries are interested in the stabilization of Ireland’s economy. All measures of saving Ireland’s economy could be divided to two groups. The first group includes the measures taken by the government of Ireland. This is state financing of bank sphere, which was done without being agreed with the EU (moreover, the European council reacted negatively), and changing of tax rate approved by the EU. The second group is represented by the measures of European institutes. It includes preferential credits and suppression of sanctions for violation of Maastricht criterion in exchange for austerity budget. In Ireland’s case such policy doesn’t seem really effective. The level of Ireland’s budget deficit is more than 3 % of GDP and its current economic growth does not permit to redeem the loans. Economic problems provide political instability, that’s why Ireland’s government cannot elaborate long-term financial policy. Though European institutes managed to find consensus between different national interests, the EU needs no less than 15 years to return to pre-depression economic level.
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Balabanov, Kostyantyn, and Rehina Kussa. "Influence of the Northern Irish factor on BREXIT processes." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-153-161.
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The article considers the influence of the Northern Irish factor on Brexit processes. The authors analyze alternants of the UK-Ireland border regime that were initially offered at Brexit: the «electronic» border, the «hard» border, the «mixed» border, the maintaining United Kingdom’s membership of the EU Customs Union. The importance of maintaining the 1998 Belfast Agreement, which provides for a «soft» border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, in the context of maintaining peace in the region, is substantiated. The course of the negotiations between Britain and the European Union on the conditions of the country’s exit from the organization is considered. This process was most complicated by the Northern Irish factor and led to a political crisis in the United Kingdom. The Brexit agreement was only ratified on the fifth attempt after the snap parliamentary elections. The article considers the pros and cons of the final decision to establish a «mixed» border between states, that is conducting border checks not between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, but between Northern Ireland and other territories of the United Kingdom. The authors conclude that this solution, on the one hand, is conducive to further maintaining peace in the region, but on the other hand, reduces Northern Ireland’s ties with the United Kingdom and increases it with the Republic of Ireland. In the long run, this may lead to the exercise of the right to hold a referendum on the union of Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland, as provided for in the Belfast Agreement.
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Bodansky, Daniel, and Cesare P. R. Romano. "Commission of the European Communities v. Ireland. Case C-459/03. Judgment." American Journal of International Law 101, no. 1 (January 2007): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029638.
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Commission of the European Communities v. Ireland. Case C-459/03. Jud gment. At <http://eur-lex.europa.eu>.Court of Justice of the European Communities (Grand Chamber), May 30, 2006.On May 30,2006, the Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ) ruled on Case C-459/03, Commission v. Ireland, brought by the European Commission (Commission) and alleging Ireland's failure to fulfill obligations under the Treaty Establishing the European Community (EC Treaty). In 2001, Ireland had initiated proceedings against the United Kingdom before an ad hoc Arbitral Tribunal pursuant to the Annex VII dispute settlement procedures of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention). In the present case, the Commission alleged, first, that Ireland breached Article 292 of the EC Treaty and Article 193 of the EURATOM Treaty (EA Treaty) because, by submitting the dispute to Annex VII arbitration, Ireland failed to respect the ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction on the interpretation and application of EC law. Second, the Commission claimed that Ireland had violated Article 10 of the EC Treaty and Article 192 of the EA Treaty because, by not consulting with the Commission before initiating arbitral proceedings, Ireland had hindered the achievement of the EC's tasks and jeopardized the attainment of the objectives of the EC Treaty. The Court upheld all complaints.
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Grubgeld, Elizabeth. "Memoirs of Sight Loss from Post-Independence Ireland." Irish University Review 47, no. 2 (November 2017): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2017.0280.
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Life writing by disabled people in Ireland during the post-independence period constitutes a culturally specific narrative emphasizing the relationship between disability and class and the shaping forces of social and geographical insularity. Because of the often contentious history of activist blind workers in Ireland, as well as the ongoing association between ocular impairments and Ireland's political and economic history, memoirs of sight loss provide a particularly rich field of inquiry into the relationship among disability, class, and the impact of colonialism. Key to this investigation are Sean O'Casey's I Knock at the Door (1939) and Joe Bollard's memoir of mid-century Ireland Out of Sight (1998).
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Maginn, Christopher. "After the Armada: thanksgiving in Ireland, 1589." Historical Research 93, no. 259 (January 14, 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htz002.
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Abstract Following the failure of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth I ordered a formal and public thanksgiving for England’s deliverance. Soon after, the queen and her privy council determined that her kingdom of Ireland should also give thanks. This Irish thanksgiving, celebrated in late January 1589, represents a rare example of a government-ordered national event that sought to draw together Elizabeth’s subjects in Ireland to give thanks to God and to pray with one voice for their queen and the continued success of her reign. This article explores the circumstances surrounding Ireland’s first thanksgiving to see what this national day of commemoration can tell us about the state of English rule in later Elizabethan Ireland. The very fact that a public display of this kind was held in Ireland at all is significant. It was indicative of the confidence of a government which had at last exerted its control over most of Ireland and which could reasonably expect the queen’s subjects there to behave as they had in England.
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Cronin, Michelle A. "The status of the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) in Ireland." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 8 (September 1, 2010): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2680.
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The status of Ireland’s harbour seal population and its relationship with that of Britain and Western Europe are poorly understood. Prior to 2003, limited research efforts and poor co-ordination of survey methods fell short at providing an accurate assessment of overall distribution and population size on a regional or national scale. However, in August 2003, the Republic of Ireland’s harbour seal population was assessed by means of a geographically extensive survey conducted during the annual moult, providing an up-to-date minimum population estimate and a reliable baseline for future surveys. Trends on a national scale could not be assessed due to absence of a reliable historic population estimate; however there is some evidence of local decreases and increases in harbour seal numbers in Northern Ireland and southwest Ireland respectively. Research effort to date on aspects of the ecology of the harbour seal in the Republic of Ireland is reviewed and current research and management priorities highlighted.
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Anderson, Bradford A. "Ireland and the Old Testament: Transmission, Translation, and Unexpected Influence." Journal of the Bible and its Reception 5, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbr-2018-0002.
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Abstract In spite of Ireland’s rich and complex religious history, the influence of the Old Testament in the shaping of the island is often overlooked. This study traces the use and reception of the Old Testament in Ireland through the centuries, focusing on stories of transmission, translation, and unexpected influence. In early Christian and medieval Ireland, the transmission of the Old Testament in diverse contexts points to an important role for the Old Testament in relation to social formation and notions of Irish history. Moving to early modern Ireland, the story of the translation of the Old Testament into Irish demonstrates how this collection contributed to contested issues of identity in this highly-charged era. Finally, we encounter stories of unexpected influence relating to Ireland and the Old Testament in James Ussher and John Nelson Darby. In both cases, ideas concerning the Old Testament that took shape in Ireland would go on to have impact on a global scale, even if this subsequent influence was a matter of accidence. Taken together, it is argued that the Old Testament has played a much more prominent role in the shaping of the social, cultural, and religious landscape of Ireland than is often assumed.
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Draper, Nicholas. "‘Dependent on precarious subsistences’: Ireland's Slave-owners at the Time of Emancipation." Britain and the World 6, no. 2 (September 2013): 220–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0097.
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When the United Kingdom Parliament abolished slavery in most of its colonies in 1833, it provided £20 million to compensate the slave-owners. At least half of the compensation payments for the Caribbean were made to absentee owners and creditors living in Britain and Ireland. While slave-ownership was only one way in which the Atlantic slave-economy came home to Ireland, the records of such payments, now digitised and available online at www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/ , allow analysis of the structure of slave-ownership in Ireland at the end of the colonial slave-system. In contrast to England and, especially, to Scotland, slave-owners of Irish origin showed a much lower propensity to return home as absentees. Nevertheless, both in Ireland and within the Irish diaspora in London, Liverpool and Glasgow are striking instances of slave-owners whose legacies helped shape Ireland's commercial, cultural and physical fabric in the early nineteenth century.
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Fraser, Alistair. "‘Nothing Less than its Eradication'? Ireland'S Hunger Task Force and the Production of Hunger." Human Geography 4, no. 3 (November 2011): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861100400303.
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A wide range of actors have intervened in the debate about the causes of hunger and what can be done to eradicate it. One example is a 2008 report by the Hunger Task Force, a group of development experts mandated by the Irish government to explain the root causes of hunger and identify ways for Ireland to play a leading role in eradicating it. In this paper, I present a critical review of what the HTF report says about the causes of hunger. I argue the report fails to live up to its aim of commemorating those who died in the Irish Famine in the 1840s because it refuses to consider the role of the corporate food regime in the production of hunger. Further, I position the report's flaws relative to Ireland by asking how the report balances Ireland's drive to eradicate hunger against its political and economic interests. I pay particular attention to Ireland's diplomatic proximity to the United States and to the emerging corporate foodscape within Ireland; both considerations shed light on Ireland's place within the structures and mechanisms that produce hunger in the contemporary period.
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Hogan, Gerard. "RAPPORTS: IRELAND: Ireland 2002-2003." European Public Law 9, Issue 4 (December 1, 2003): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2003036.
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Evershed, Jonathan. "A war that stopped a war? The necropolitics of (Northern) Ireland’s First World War centenary." Global Discourse 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/263168919x15671868126815.
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The recent ‘recovery’ of First World War memory in Ireland has been much discussed and widely celebrated. What has been represented as Ireland’s centennial reacquaintance with its Great War heritage has been framed by a wider ‘Decade of Centenaries’: a policy construct through which a more reconciliatory approach to commemorating the violent events which gave birth to the two states on the island of Ireland has been promoted. The Decade has seen the ascendance of joint British–Irish First World War commemorations, and attempts have been made to use commemoration to bridge the ‘communal’ divide between unionism and nationalism. In this article, I interrogate this new commemorative dispensation and the assumptions that underwrite it. I argue that the reconciliatory reorientation of commemoration in Ireland during the Decade of Centenaries is based on an ethically contradictory and militaristic reframing of the First World War as ‘a war that stopped a war’. Eliding the ways in which the War has actually long been remembered in nationalist Ireland, this reframing is representative of and acts to reinforce the wider anti-political project in which the British and Irish states have been jointly involved since the advent of the peace process. Arguing that the (necro)politics of Ireland’s First World War centenary have represented the slaughter of Irishmen on Flanders’ fields as a symbolic sacrifice for a particular, neoliberal ‘peace’ in (Northern) Ireland, I will conclude that the limits of this project have been radically revealed by recent political events which have called its future hegemony into doubt.
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Shchedrin, A., and O. Trofimova. "Modern Migration Processes in Ireland." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 2 (2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-2-71-79.
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The article is devoted to modern migration processes in Ireland. The growing Irish economy and its positive international reputation have maintained the attractiveness of the country to migrants seeking to work, study and settle here. In recent years, there has been a large increase in people choosing to become Irish citizens and, in addition, the numbers of second generation migrants continue to grow. The authors explain why Ireland does not suffer from the migration crisis in the European Union, and analyze peculiarities of migration processes in this country. The main attention is paid to immigration, but the authors also consider the dynamics of migration and underline that for many years, Ireland has been a country of emigrants. Both migration inflows and outflows are sensitive to the Irish economy and contribute to its downturn, but at the same time, such migratory flows change rapidly, sometimes in an independent way in relation to the economic recovery. Evidences are presented that labor migration is predominant in Ireland, and correlation is established between migration flows and the state of economy. The authors analyze the national composition of migration inflows, the role and place of migrants of different national and ethnical origins at the labor market and in the economy in general, underline a special position of immigrants of the Irish origin. The return flows of Irish migrants are viewed in the historical context. Ireland’s policy on refugees, participation in international and EU programs of relocation and resettlement of refugees are considered as well. Some aspects of the economic migration policy conducted by the Irish government are examined. In conclusion, the authors consider in brief the Ireland’s state policy for integration of immigrants into the economic, social and political life of the country.
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Barry, Almar M., and Barry M. Brunt. "Female employment in the multinational electronics industry in Ireland's south-west planning region." Irish Geography 35, no. 1 (August 11, 2014): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2002.245.
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Since the early 1970s, Ireland has become a preferred location within Western Europe for the establishment of multinational firms in high-tech sectors. This influx has had profound implications for the gender structure of manufacturing employment in the south-west planning region of Ireland. The multinational electronics industry, in particular, has emerged as one of the leading generators of employment growth for women. Furthermore, women comprise the majority of the workforce within the industry. Despite this, occupational segregation on the basis of gender remains a key feature associated with the employment structure in Ireland's multinational electronics industry. This paper addresses this issue within Ireland's south-west planning region.
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Horner, Rory, and Yuko Aoyama. "Limits to FDI-driven growth in Ireland: a newspaper content analysis for investment, upgrading and divestment." Irish Geography 42, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2009.95.
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What are the consequences and the future of foreign direct investment (FDI)-driven growth for Ireland? In this paper, we conduct content analysis of newspaper reports on instances of investment, divestment and relocation before, during and after the Celtic Tiger period. We examine reasons for investment and divestment and associated job creations and losses in three different decades in order to better understand Ireland’s changing position as an FDI location. We also illustrate the countries and regions that have emerged as competitor locations for Ireland’s FDI through analysing the instances of relocations. We conclude that Ireland is faced with a challenge quite distinctive from its Asian Tiger counterparts.
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Fraser, Alistair, Enda Murphy, and Sinéad Kelly. "Deepening Neoliberalism via Austerity and ‘Reform’: The Case of Ireland." Human Geography 6, no. 2 (July 2013): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600204.
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The current economic crisis – the ‘great recession’ – raises numerous questions about neoliberal ideas and practice, not the least of which is whether (and if so, how) neoliberalism can survive it. Our paper takes on these issues using the case of Ireland. This is the first proper neoliberal crisis in Ireland. From the early 1990s to 2008, Ireland was held up by many neoliberal champions as a place that gained from deregulation, openness to inward investment, and low corporation tax rates. But the build-up of contradictions in Ireland exploded rapidly in 2008, when its property bubble burst and private banks and government finances collapsed. Rather than examining what caused Ireland's crisis, we look at what has happened between 2008 and 2013. We focus on structural adjustments regarding the property, finance, and labour markets and then on the government's austerity programme as a whole. In addition to demonstrating how these adjustments have been an attack on workers and ordinary citizens, we identify some particularly striking elements, which we use to argue that a new phase of disturbance and restructuring is deepening and extending neoliberalism's influence in Ireland.
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Allen, Adrian, Jimena Guerrero, Andrew Byrne, John Lavery, Eleanor Presho, Emily Courcier, James O'Keeffe, et al. "Genetic evidence further elucidates the history and extent of badger introductions from Great Britain into Ireland." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (April 2020): 200288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200288.
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The colonization of Ireland by mammals has been the subject of extensive study using genetic methods and forms a central problem in understanding the phylogeography of European mammals after the Last Glacial Maximum. Ireland exhibits a depauperate mammal fauna relative to Great Britain and continental Europe, and a range of natural and anthropogenic processes have given rise to its modern fauna. Previous Europe-wide surveys of the European badger ( Meles meles ) have found conflicting microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA evidence in Irish populations, suggesting Irish badgers have arisen from admixture between human imported British and Scandinavian animals. The extent and history of contact between British and Irish badger populations remains unclear. We use comprehensive genetic data from Great Britain and Ireland to demonstrate that badgers in Ireland's northeastern and southeastern counties are genetically similar to contemporary British populations. Simulation analyses suggest this admixed population arose in Ireland 600–700 (CI 100–2600) years before present most likely through introduction of British badgers by people. These findings add to our knowledge of the complex colonization history of Ireland by mammals and the central role of humans in facilitating it.
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Hill, Judith. "Architecture in the Aftermath of Union: Building the Viceregal Chapel in Dublin Castle, 1801–15." Architectural History 60 (2017): 183–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2017.6.
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AbstractThe chapel in Dublin Castle, built between 1807 and 1815, was one of the most impressive ecclesiastical Gothic buildings of the pre-Pugin revival in the British Isles. It was commissioned by the viceregal establishment following the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, and was closely associated with Church of Ireland objectives for post-Union Protestantism in Ireland. This essay investigates the patrons’ ambitions for the chapel, and discusses its design and execution by Francis Johnston, successor to James Gandon as the foremost architect of public buildings in Ireland. Reviewing the chapel within the context of the Union, the essay argues that the viceregal administration and the Church of Ireland were concerned to assert their authority and define their values, and that these were expressed in Gothic revival architecture which grafted progressive appreciation for medieval models onto Georgian taste, and in a comprehensive and unprecedented scheme of ecclesiastical sculpture. Ireland's political position within the Union was ambiguous, but it is argued here that the rebuilt chapel projected both unionist and imperialist gestures, and that, culturally, it was an expression of Britishness.
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Lydon, Andrea. "Source – Uncovering Stories of Art in Ireland: digitizing Irish art research collections in the National Gallery of Ireland." Art Libraries Journal 45, no. 2 (April 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2020.3.
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In 2017 the National Gallery of Ireland was awarded funding from the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DCHG) for the development of an online resource, focusing on its Irish art research collections. Entitled Source – Uncovering Stories of Art in Ireland, this multi-annual project aims to catalogue and digitise the collections in the ESB CSIA and ensure that these valuable collections relating to Ireland's artistic history and memory are preserved and can be easily accessed by researchers. Now in its penultimate year, Source will be launched in 2021.
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Breeze, Andrew. "Keith Busby, French in Medieval Ireland, Ireland in Medieval French: The Paradox of Two Worlds. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017, x, 516 pp." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_245.
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“I have surveyed an enormous amount of material in the preceding pages” is Keith Busby’s comment on his book (p. 419). True enough. Seldom has an author treated Ireland’s early literature as ambitiously as he does, and Busby’s achievement is the more remarkable given the scantiness of the material. French literature surviving from medieval Ireland is (like literature in English) interesting but meagre. These texts of the twelfth to fourteenth centuries being few, the author fleshes out his material with writing on Ireland from Britain and the Continent, including legends of Arthur and of the Irish princess Iseult or Isolde. That at once makes French in Medieval Ireland essential for Romance scholars, as well as for medievalists concerned with the Irish.
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Crawley, Gerard M., and Eoin O'Sullivan. "The ‘Celtic Tiger’ and a Knowledge Economy." Industry and Higher Education 20, no. 4 (August 2006): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006778175810.
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Over the last two decades, Ireland has proactively marketed its educated workforce, its favourable corporate tax rates, membership of the European common market, and other advantages, to multinational technology corporations. The resulting foreign direct investment in high-tech manufacturing operations has driven a booming Irish economy that has come to be characterized as the ‘Celtic Tiger’. Today, however, Ireland is looking to the research and development sector to drive future growth. Competition from low-wage economies, such as those of Eastern Europe, India and China, threatens Ireland's position as a low-cost, high-tech manufacturing base. Across government, industry and the higher education sectors, Ireland is now focused on fashioning an ecosystem of research and innovation that can guarantee its continued prosperity.