Dissertations / Theses: 'Ireland – Emigration and immigration – History'

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O???Connor, Patricia Mary School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "The multiple experiences of migrancy, Irishness and home among contemporary Irish immigrants in Melbourne, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23071.

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This study examines the experiences of post-1980 Irish immigrants in Australia using Greater Melbourne as a case study. It has three main but interrelated objectives. Firstly, it establishes the origins, characteristics, dynamics and outcomes of contemporary Irish migration to Australia. Secondly, it explores informants??? multiple experiences of Irishness in both Ireland and Australia. Thirdly, it examines how migrancy and identity issues were related to informants??? sense of belonging and home. Identity is approached in this study from a constructivist perspective. Accordingly, identity is conceptualised as dynamic, subject to situational stimuli and existing in juxtaposition to a constructed ???other???. Prior to migration, a North/South, Protestant/Catholic ???other??? provided the bases for identity constructions in Ireland. The experiences of immigrants from both Northern and Southern Ireland are examined so that the multiple pre- and post-migration experiences of Irishness can be captured. Face-to-face interviews with 203 immigrants provide the study???s primary data. Migration motivation was found to be multifactorial and contained a strong element of adventure. Informal chain migration, based on relationship linkages in Australia, was important in directing flows and meeting immigrants??? post-arrival accommodation needs. Only 28 percent of the sample initially saw their move as permanent and onethird were category jumpers. A consolidation of Irish identity occurred post-migration. This was most pronounced among Northern Protestants and was largely predicated on informants??? perceptions of how Britishness and Irishness were constructed in Australia. For Northern respondents, the freedom to express Irishness may have masked an enforced Irishness that evolved in response to perceived negative constructions of Britishness, and their experiences of homogenisation with Southern immigrants. Hierarchies within white privilege in Australia, based on origin and accent, were indicated by the study findings. Movement and identity were related through the transnational practices of informants. Separation from familial and friendship networks prompted high levels of return visitation and telephone contact with their homeland, establishing the group as a highly transnational in relational terms. Examining the experiences of this invisible immigrant group through a constructionist lens contributed to the broader understanding of whiteness, transnationalism and the Irish diaspora generally.

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Vibert, Dermot Wilson. "Canada's Chinese immigration policy and immigration security 1947-1953." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61662.

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Lloyd, Amy Jane. "Popular perceptions of emigration in Britain, 1870-1914." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608979.

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Lambert, Sharon. "Female emigration from post-independence Ireland : an oral history of Irish women in Lancashire c1922-1960." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242891.

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Bornstein, Robert J. (Robert Jay). "Galician Jewish emigration, 1869-1880." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23709.

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The purpose of this study is to determine how Galician Jewish emigration during the period 1869-1880 was affected by the Austrian Constitution of 21 December 1867, and in particular by Article IV of said constitution's Fundamental Law Concerning the General Rights of Citizens which granted freedom of movement for the first time to Habsburg subjects. Various demographic, economic, political and societal factors particular to migration, to Galicia and to Galician Jewry are examined in order to establish the effect of the 1867 Constitution on Galician Jewish emigration.

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Allen, Reuben J. "The Philippine professional labor diaspora in the United States with a focus on Indiana's mid-size cities." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286499.

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This thesis examines the Philippine labor diaspora in the United States, both historical and modern, with a specific focus on the modern period of migration to midsize urban places in Indiana. The historical or pre-1965 period is marked by two successive waves of movement to the United States, each of which is based upon different labor demands for unskilled labor. The modern period was initiated by the 1965 United States Immigration and Naturalization Act and is marked by far greater volumes of Filipinos entering the country. This most recent influx is characterized by significant numbers of professionals, an expression of the regional division of `skilled' labor migration flows between developing and developed countries associated with globalization. Quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews with 30 FilipinoAmerican professionals in six mid-size cities in Indiana examined topics of labor recruitment practices, secondary migration patterns, and the remittance practices and group formation associated with transnational identities.
Department of Geography

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Mancuso, Rebecca 1964. ""This is our work" : The Women's Division of the Canadian Department of Immigration and Colonization, 1919-1938." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36649.

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Anglophone women, working in a new capacity as federal civil servants, exercised a significant influence on Canadian immigration policy in the interwar years. This dissertation focuses on the women's division of the Canadian Department of Immigration and Colonization, an agency charged with recruiting British women for domestic service from 1919 to 1938. The division was a product of the women's wing of the social reform movement and prevailing theories of gender difference and anglo-superiority. Tracing its nearly twenty years of operations shows how the division, initially regarded as a source of imperial strength and a means of English Canada's cultural survival, came to symbolize the disadvantages of Canada's connection to Great Britain and supposed weaknesses inherent in the female character. This institutional study explores the real and imagined connections among gender, imperialism, and the changing socio-economic landscape of interwar Canada.

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Toalster, Richard. "A study of the experiences of international migrants in the UK : a life history approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12389/.

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Globalisation can no longer be thought of as a term that merely describes the practical, political and procedural networking of capital, commodities and consumers. Working reflexively it networks people, who use the physical, electronic and psychological networks set up to serve the interests of global commerce to travel from one locale to another. Like the cheap frocks, fridges or foodstuffs globalisation has weaned society to expect, these people are a ubiquitous source of labour, prepared to work in our factories and in our fields, servicing our hotel rooms, cleaning our homes and teaching our children. Yet despite this little is known about the lives of international migrants in the UK from their own perspectives, and there is relatively little social research (educational) with which to contextualise the migration statistics or evaluate the claims of the British press. This thesis starts by discussing the impacts of rising international migration on a place, Nottingham. It moves forward to discuss the relationship between UK society, globalisation and international migration to explore the idea that globalisation is reflexive, and that people are able to use what Appadurai (1996) terms the scapes of globalisation to network themselves from poorer regions of the world toward regions where they will experience higher levels of safety, structure and reward for their labours. Investigating the range of statistical, policy, evaluative and scholarly research relating to international migrants in the UK, this thesis focuses in on the need to ‘get beneath’ the statistics, the reports and the evaluations, to understand international migrants, their lives in Britain and their relationships with UK society and its social structures from their own perspectives. The study, which drew on material from a series of interviews held with 20 international migrants over the course of a year, succeeded in giving ‘voice’ to a set of deeply personal narratives about circumstances, motives, dreams and aspirations that belonged to a group of people who are often spoken of, but rarely heard; those living the ‘silenced lives’ (LeCompte, 1993) of the ‘hard to reach’. The study found that reflexive globalisation is not a fair and equal process; migrants enter and travel through ‘zones of migration’, which they navigate and negotiate via the differing amounts of agency apportioned to them by the UK State on the basis of their legitimacy within and in relation to a tiered policy of immigration and asylum. Framed by this relationship with the UK State, migrants become agents of this legitimacy, which serves to empower or restrict their abilities to act. Further agency is found in securing paid employment and by ‘diasporic clustering’ rather than integration. The thesis argues that the concept of reflexive globalisation adds to the literature around ‘glocalisation’ and the ‘geography of power’ and that the study itself (in its development of substantive and lasting relationships with a ‘hard to reach sample’) offers practical insights from which other researchers may benefit.

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MacDonald, Andrew Scott. "Colonial trespassers in the making of South Africa's international borders 1900 to c.1950." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610898.

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Baycar, Muhammet Kazim. "Ottoman-Arab transatlantic migrations in the age of mass migrations (1870-1914)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:00e0eaca-5981-4edd-97fc-0fd06a472df8.

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This thesis sketches out the history of Ottoman-Arab emigration from Greater Syria to the United States and to Argentina from the late nineteenth century up to the end of World War I, relying primarily (but not solely) on the related documents preserved in the Ottoman Archives. It depicts a wide range of this emigration history, including the scale and the number of immigrants, the causes behind emigration, the ways that emigrants managed to reach the Americas, the attitudes of Ottoman governments toward them, and the ways that emigrants adapted to their host societies. The thesis analyses the Ottoman-Arab emigration phenomenon from social and economic perspectives and in the larger context comprising other European population movements to the New World during this period, which has been called 'the Age of Mass Migrations'.

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Rutland, Suzanne D. "The Jewish Community In New South Wales 1914-1939." University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6536.

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Domareki, Sarah. "To Stay or to Go? A Literary and Historical Study of French-Canadian Emigration From Quebec to New England, 1820-1930." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DomarekiS2005.pdf.

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Lima, Silvio Cezar de Souza. "Determinismo biológico e imigração chinesa em Nicolau Moreira (1870-1890)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2005. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6126.

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Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 52.pdf: 295794 bytes, checksum: 469bb9455ccb2fdc6f7b1027f799c435 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
No início da década de 1870, a imigração torna-se preocupação central das elites brasileiras. Com a visível falência do regime escravocrata, os agricultores são levados a pensar em novas formas de trabalho e como conseguir novos braços para a lavoura. Assim, a discussão sobre possíveis formas de imigração e sobre o tipo racial do imigrante torna-se um dos grandes desafios do Brasil das últimas décadas do século XIX. Em meio a este contexto, debates sobre a conveniência da contratação de trabalhadores chineses mobilizaram as elites. Destes debates, participou o Dr. Nicolau Joaquim Moreira, que considerava fundamental a participação dos médicos, tanto na escolha de um tipo de imigrante ideal, quanto na preocupação em manter os imigrantes saudáveis e produtivos.

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Khoojinian, Mazyar. "L'immigration, une main-d'oeuvre d'appoint temporaire? Marché du travail, politiques étatiques et trajectoires des travailleurs turcs recrutés pour l'industrie charbonnière belge, 1956-1980." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209171.

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L’objet principal de cette thèse porte sur l’immigration turque dans l’industrie charbonnière belge dans une séquence historique qui débute en 1956, année de la catastrophe du Bois-du-Cazier à Marcinelle (262 morts), de l’arrêt définitif de tout recrutement au départ de l’Italie pour ce secteur d’activité réputé pour sa dangerosité, de l’extension des bassins de prospection de l’industrie minière et de ses premières tentatives de recrutement en Turquie, et s’achève en 1980, année du rétablissement par les Etats membres du Benelux de l’obligation du visa d’entrée touristique pour les ressortissants turcs au lendemain de l’avènement d’un nouveau régime militaire en Turquie, annonciateur d’un nouvel afflux migratoire conséquent.

Plus largement, la thèse interroge la pertinence du postulat qui veut que les politiques migratoires conçues et mises en oeuvre par les pouvoirs publics, au cours des Golden Sixties, aient considéré les travailleurs migrants comme une main-d’oeuvre d’appoint temporaire.

La première partie de la thèse, qui porte sur la genèse de la politique d’immigration belge entre 1830 et 1960, recadre l’histoire de l’immigration turque dans l’industrie houillère belge et des politiques mises en oeuvre à son intention dans le contexte du double processus d’étatisation et de nationalisation des politiques migratoires au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles.

La seconde partie retrace la configuration des chaînes d’interdépendances qui relient les trajectoires migratoires des travailleurs migrants turcs recrutés par l’industrie charbonnière belge dans les années 1960 et 1970 aux dispositifs générés, séparément ou conjointement, par l’Etat belge, l’Etat turc, l’industrie charbonnière, les organisations syndicales et les services, associations et autres collectifs d’accueil et d’aide aux migrants pour organiser, stabiliser et intégrer cette immigration turque dans les régions minières du pays.

La troisième partie interroge le devenir de cette immigration turque au moment où les fermetures de charbonnages se succèdent et que de nouveaux besoins en main-d’oeuvre se font sentir dans les dernières sociétés charbonnières encore en activité. Elle esquisse en parallèle le processus d’étatisation des politiques d’intégration jusque-là principalement prises en charge par les modes de gestion paternalistes de l’industrie charbonnière.

Cette thèse aborde également, mais dans une moindre mesure, l’immigration originaire de Turquie avant 1960 et l’immigration turque qui se développe au cours des années 1960 et 1970, en marge de celle organisée en faveur de l’industrie charbonnière, à destination d’autres régions et secteurs d’activité du pays (Bruxelles, Anvers, Gand, Ardennes, etc.).

Son angle d’approche dépasse par ailleurs la seule immigration turque en Belgique et la seule politique migratoire belge. Elle s’intéresse ainsi, à travers des analyses comparées, au cas de l’immigration marocaine, qui lui est contemporain, ou encore à la politique migratoire néerlandaise, à l’origine d’un phénomène de désertion massive de l’industrie houillère belge par les ouvriers mineurs turcs.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Ouali, Nouria. "Migration et accès au marché du: les effets émancipateurs sur la condition des femmes issues de l'immigration." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210479.

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La thèse a pour objet l'émancipation des femmes issues de l'immigration. Elle propose d'évaluer les effets de la migration et de l'accès au marché du travail sur l'émancipation des filles de migrantes d'origine marocaine en Belgique francophone.

L'étude tente d'abord de mettre en lumière le rôle des femmes immigrées dans l'histoire de la Belgique en le ré-articulant à l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de l'immigration. Ensuite, elle montre que l'approche dominante des travaux sur les migrations ne prend pas en compte la dimension du genre, ce qui a pour conséquence de masquer la différenciation des expériences migratoires selon le sexe. Enfin, elle replace l'analyse du statut des femmes immigrées et de leurs descendantes dans la complexité des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe afin de mieux rendre compte des réalités concrètes et de sortir du simplisme des approches culturalistes.

La thèse développe une analyse des politiques d'intégration (politiques éducative, de l'emploi et de lutte contre les discriminations) visant l'émancipation des immigrées et en évalue l'impact sur les filles de migrant-es d'origine marocaine. Elle présente enfin les trajectoires individuelles des filles de migrant.es marocain.es et examine les facteurs individuels et collectifs favorisant leur émancipation.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
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Bruyère, Vincent. "Ouvrir l'archive : rituels historiographiques et critique postcoloniale." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2267/.

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This research examines the proliferation of discourses associated with the development of Postcolonial Studies in the field of historical and philological sciences. The principal objective of the thesis is to describe this cultural phenomenon as a discursive event in the history of critical practices. Analyses developing Michel Foucault's work on regulations of discursive practices and Michel de Certeau's work on the historiographical operation are organised around three sites. The first site features Jean de Léry's Histoire d‟un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil (1575). The purpose of the work on this ethnographic document is not to reconstitute its early modern context, but first to interrogate this documentary relation when Claude Lévi-Strauss and Michel de Certeau rediscover the text. In this perspective, the text functions as the archive of an inaugural moment referring to the exclusion of the 'Savage' from the making of history. To that extent, the first part of the thesis focuses on the illegible/inaudible part of Jean de Léry's text, in order to question what postcolonial readings try to circumscribe in the colonial corpus, and which historiographical rituals make this reading possible in the case of Histoire d'un voyage. The second site is constituted by the formulation of Gayatri C. Spivak's famous question: 'Can the Subaltern Speak?' and her archival work endeavoured to attempt to answer the question. This foundational intervention in the field of Postcolonial study pertains at the inclusion/exclusion of the historical positivity of the discourse of the Other. Building on this proposition, this second part of the thesis reinscribes the historicity of postcolonial criticism in the project of a cultural history of the hermeneutic listening. The third site addresses the historicity of haunting in a series of Patrick Chamoiseau narratives dealing with ghosts of the Caribbean past: Lettres créoles (1991), Ecrire en pays dominé (1997), L'Esclave vieil homme et le molosse (1997), and Biblique des derniers gestes (2001). This part of the thesis examines rituals that enable Chamoiseau to convert the return of the repressed into a historiographical operation. Following this, it appears that the development and proliferation of postcolonial scholarships cannot be properly explained by the crisis of a historiographical paradigm, but has to be referred in the first instance to a ritual dimension of the making of history in the Western modernity.

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Dendooven, Dominiek. "Asia in Flanders fields : a transnational history of Indians and Chinese on the Western Front, 1914-1920." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67923/.

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During the First World War people from the five continents resided in France and Flanders, mostly in service of of the French and British armies. Besides European settlers, it concerned hundreds of thousands of indigenous inhabitants from many colonies. The two largest subaltern groups who served on the Western Front in British service - each in itself accounting for some 140,000 men - were Asian: from the Indian subcontinent and from China. In my book I investigate not only their motives to join up and the nature of their war service on the Western Front, but above all how these subaltern groups experienced a modern war in Europe and what impact this residence in a Europe-in-war had on their subsequent lives and on the society to which they returned. A central position in my judgment of their war experiences is their meeting with the European 'other', the local populations who hosted these uninvited guests. I investigate how the European population underwent the confrontation with their non-European guests, but especially which impression the Europeans, their society and their culture made upon the Asian rank and file. In- and outside the Army Indians and Chinese were confronted with different degrees of xenophobia, racism and discrimination, while at the same time friendly engagements with Europeans also occurred. All this lead to a strengthened self- and (proto)national consciousness that manifested itself in initiatives in different domains of human activity: politics, culture, education, ... Through the comparative perspective, differences as well as similarities between both Asian groups on the Western Front become clear, and parallels can be drawn in their evolution towards a stronger (self)consciousness and an increasing identification with the (proto)nation through their war experiences in Europe. In this respect, so I argue, the war experiences of Indians and Chinese on the Western front contributed to the increasingly anti-imperialist feelings and attitudes in both countries.

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Slater, Roland. "Die Maatskappy vir Europese immigrasie : a study of the cultural assimilation and naturalisation of European immigrants to South Africa 1949 -1994." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1633.

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Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
The processes of assimilation and naturalisation are encountered by immigrants around the world in differing degrees. Every immigrant to a new state, is forced to adapt to their new society in certain ways, in order to be able to function successfully in their new community. This thesis aims to look at these processes as they are managed by organisations within the new society. The Maatskappy vir Europese Immigrasie (MEI) [Company for European Immigration] was one such organisation which operated in South Africa. The MEI was founded in 1949, following on from other organisations which had concerned themselves with immigrant recruitment, assimilation and assistance in general. This thesis posits that the MEI, whilst primarily directed at the assistance in assimilating immigrants, also maintained another socio-political agenda.

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Muller, Adam Patrick Dooley. "The importance of being elsewhere : modernist expatriation and the American literary tradition." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35022.

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My dissertation concentrates on Americans writing at home and abroad in the inter-war period and contextualizes their expatriation with reference to debates between modernist critics over the nature and substance of the American literary tradition. I clarify the definitions of terms like "exile," "emigrant," and "expatriate" central to my analysis but muddied by years of misuse. I do so with reference to coercion, a concept which I develop in accordance with recent work in the philosophy of action. At the same time I make the case for a realist, causalist hermeneutics. Next I explore the aesthetic corollary to my argument with reference to the fiction, autobiography, and literary criticism of Gertrude Stein. I argue that Stein's decision to leave America must be viewed as uncoerced, and as therefore indicative of her emigration to France. Viewed as an emigrant, and not as an exile or expatriate, Stein can be shown to manifest tendencies in her work (towards subjectivity, abstraction, and retrospection) which reflect her dissociation from, rather than ongoing connection to, America. Lastly, I look closely at the work of Van Wyck Brooks and Harold Stearns, two modernist literary and culture critics whose writings on expatriation demonstrably influenced generations of subsequent biographers and intellectual historians. Steams and Brooks can be counted among the most articulate and vociferous proponents of literary change in America, and can be situated at the poles of a vigorous debate within the literary community of their day over whether American letters were better served from within or without the United States. I contrast Brooks' civic humanism with Steams' rugged individualism and identify in the debate over expatriation a powerful analogue to ongoing debates in literary and cultural critical circles referred to as "the culture wars."

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Stokoe, Diane. "The Mormon Waldensians." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1985. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTNZ,22839.

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Salitan, Laurie P. "An analysis of Soviet Jewish emigration in the 1970s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f984e4b9-f578-4ee9-89d5-b26a65cca29b.

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Domestic, not foreign affairs drove Soviet policy on Jewish emigration during the period of 1968-1989. This study challenges the prevailing view that fluctuating levels of exit from the USSR were correlated to the climate of relations between the USA and the USSR. The analysis also considers Soviet-German emigration for comparative perspective. Extensive historical background, with special emphasis on Soviet nationality policy is provided.

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Unver, Cansu. "Essays on the economic determinants and impacts of migration : the roles of broadband connectivity, industry-level productivity and human capital." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6367/.

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This thesis investigates the motivation behind individuals’ decision to migrate, the impact of migration on the host countries’ economies, and finally the impact of high skilled emigration on the human capital level in origin countries. Chapter 1 investigates whether ICT facilitates migration flows from origin to host countries based on the magnitude of the flows. Chapter 2 investigates the productivity effects of migration in four European Union (EU) countries: the UK, Spain and the Netherlands for 1995-2008 and Germany for 2002-2008. This analysis was carried out using EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) and EU-KLEMS data. We apply the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) variant for the autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) estimator. Various findings are presented in order to distinguish between EU and non-EU origins as well as the skill level of migrants. Chapter 3 contributes an insightful panel data analysis of human capital and high skilled emigration for 74 origin countries from 1980 to 2000 with a five-year frequency. We find a significant negative brain drain impact of high skilled emigration across countries sampled.

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Fabyan, Emiel Joseph. "The world's greatest wagon works : a history of the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, 1856 to 1966." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/498259.

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The purpose of the study was to provide a complete historical account of the events which led to the rise and fall of the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company of South Bend, Indiana. The study also evaluated the impact upon the ethnic development of South Bend from the years 1856 to 1966.The applicability of the Kuhnian paradigmatic process of culture change to the South Bend-Studebaker interaction sphere was considered as well.Ninety-seven employees of the company were selected and interviewed in regard to their knowledge of the company and its impact upon the city. Primary and secondary archival materials were utilized to supplement worker interviews.FINDINGS1. The Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company and the Studebaker Corporation acted as primary agents of ethnic development in the South Bend community.2.The interviewing process provided new data which supplemented and substantiated previous accounts.3. The Studebaker Company's success was founded upon intensive employer-employee involvement in the production process.4. The Studebaker Company's failure was brought about by the breakdown of the employer-employee relationship.CONCLUSIONS1. The study proved the significant impact of the Studebaker Company upon the American transportation industry.2. The Studebaker Company exerted a major influence upon the ethnic and cultural development of the city of South Bend.3. The "paradigmatic process of social change" model as postulated by Thomas Kuhn was appropriate to the Studebaker-South Bend situation.4. An ethnohistorical reconstruction technique proved successful in recounting the impact of the Studebaker Company.

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Morris, Michael. "Atlantic archipelagos : a cultural history of Scotland, the Caribbean and the Atlantic world, c.1740-1833." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3863/.

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This thesis, situated between literature, history and memory studies participates in the modern recovery of the long-obscured relations between Scotland and the Caribbean. I develop the suggestion that the Caribbean represents a forgotten 'lieu de mémoire' where Scotland might fruitfully ‘displace’ itself. Thus it examines texts from the Enlightenment to Romantic eras in their historical context and draws out their implications for modern national, multicultural, postcolonial concerns. Theoretically it employs a ‘transnational’ Atlantic Studies perspective that intersects with issues around creolisation, memory studies, and British ‘Four Nations’ history. Politically it insists on an interrogation of Scottish national narratives that continue to evade issues of empire, race and slavery. Moving beyond a rhetoric of blame, it explores forms of acting and thinking in the present that might help to overcome the injurious legacies of the past. Chapters include an examination of pastoral and georgic modes in Scottish-Caribbean texts. These include well-known authors such as James Thomson, Tobias Smollet, James Grainger, Robert Burns; and less well-known ones such as John Marjoribanks, Charles Campbell, Philip Barrington Ainslie, and the anonymous author of Marly; or a Planter’s Tale (1828). Chapters two to four highlight the way pastoral and georgic modes mediated the representation of ‘improvement’ and the question of free, bonded and enslaved labour across Scotland, Britain and the Caribbean in the era of slavery debates. The fourth chapter participates in and questions the terms of the recovery of two nineteenth century ‘Mulatto-Scots’, Robert Wedderburn and Mary Seacole. Bringing ‘Black Atlantic’ issues of race, class, gender, empire and rebellion to the fore, I consider the development of a ‘Scottish-Mulatto’ identity by comparing and contrasting the way these very different figures strategically employed their Scottish heritage. The final chapter moves forward to consider current memorialisations of slavery in the Enlightenment- Romantic period. The main focus is James Robertson’s Joseph Knight (2003) that engages with Walter Scott’s seminal historical novel Waverley (1814) to weave issues of racial slavery into the familiar narratives of Culloden. Robertson also explores forms of solidarity that might help to overcome those historical legacies in a manner that is suggestive for this thesis as a whole.

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Laffer, Dennis Ross. "The Jewish Trail of Tears The Evian Conference of July 1938." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3195.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis was to explore the origins, formulation, course and outcome of the Intergovernmental Committee for Political Refugees meeting (better known as the Evian Conference) of July 1938. Special emphasis was placed on contemporary and later historical assessments of this assembly which represented the first international cooperative attempt to solve an acute refugee crisis. A general review followed by a more detailed evaluation was made of existing official and un-official accounts of the meeting utilizing both public records, private diaries, books, newspapers, journals and other periodicals for the period of January 1, 1938 through December 31, 1939. This data was supplemented by later recollections of conference participants as well as post-Holocaust historical scholarship. Various appraisals have been made of the motivations behind the summit and its ultimate success or failure. Franklin Roosevelt has particularly come under criticism by scholars who believed that his Administration had "abandoned" the Jews to their fate. The President's supporters, on the other hand, declared that FDR did everything possible given the existing political, economic and social conditions of the late 1930's. It is my conclusion that although Roosevelt may have been sympathetic to the plight of Central European Jewish refugees their resettlement and ultimate destiny merited a lower priority given his focus upon rebuilding the national economy and defense. The President clearly recognized the looming threat of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan but was unwilling to expend political capital on an issue that faced domestic and political opposition. I further maintain that the conference was set up to fail while providing propaganda value for the participating democracies. The hypocritical rhetoric and actions of the delegates and the ineffectiveness of the conference's sole creation, the Intergovernmental Committee for Political Refugees, was clearly recognized by Nazi Germany and ultimately influenced its anti-Jewish policies. Thus, it is not a coincidence that the pogrom of November 1938, Kristallnacht, occurred only four months later. The avoidance of dealing with the Jewish refugee problem was further highlighted in the futile Wagner-Rogers Bill of 1939, the Hennings bill of 1940 and especially the Bermuda Conference of 1943, a time in which the details of mass murder of Jews and other groups was already well known within official circles. Further work needs to be done on the diverse responses of the Jewish community both within the United States and abroad to the peril facing their co-religionists.

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Do, nascimento Anthony. "Une Histoire de l'émigration, de l'immigration et de la colonisation japonaise au Brésil (1895-1942) : une autre histoire du Japon." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3042.

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L’émigration internationale de la main-d’œuvre japonaise signe ses débuts au commencement de l’ère Meiji (1868-1912), soit en l’an 1868. Quant à elle, l’histoire de l’émigration, de l’immigration et de la colonisation japonaise au Brésil débute en 1908, lorsque le Kasato Maru (« Vapeur Kasato ») quitte le port de Kôbe pour acheminer les premiers immigrés japonais destinés à travailler sur les plantations caféières de l’État du São Paulo. L’objectif de cette thèse est de montrer que du point de ses agents (personnel politique et compagnie de l’émigration notamment), l’émigration, l’immigration et la colonisation japonaise au Brésil étaient vouées à remplir une mission de premier plan dans la construction du Japon dans l’outremer, notamment en participant activement à l’expansion économique de l’Archipel à l’étranger. Elle a pour point de départ un constat établi par Môri Kôichi, selon lequel la migration des travailleurs Japonais au Brésil, et partant dans l’outremer en général, est trop souvent ignorée par l’historiographie japonaise, alors que selon lui elle compte parmi les processus politiques et économiques qui ont favorisé l’émergence de l’Etat-Nation du Japon, depuis les débuts de l’ère Meiji (1868-1912) et au moins jusqu'à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle repose sur l’idée mise en avant par Nancy L. Green et François Weil, selon laquelle l’histoire migratoire est majoritairement écrite par les pays d’immigration, alors qu’elle mériterait également d’être traitée par les pays d’émigration, dont les « politiques de départ » élaborées par leurs gouvernements révèlent bien que ceux-ci entendaient associer la double entreprise migratoire et coloniale (de type pacifique et agricole) à la construction nationale – et c’est également le cas, nous le croyons, au Japon. Notre travail emprunte sa méthodologie au cadre des études historiques, et repose essentiellement sur l’analyse des archives diplomatiques du Japon relatives à l’émigration, l’immigration et la colonisation japonaise à l’étranger. D’autres documents d’archives en langues japonaise et portugaise viennent compléter le corpus archivistique constitué à cet effet. La thèse est structurée chronologiquement autour de trois périodes. La première, située entre 1868 et 1908, est dédiée au traitement historique des prémices de l’émigration japonaise, et plus notamment aux processus de négociations qui aboutit à l’entame officielle des liens diplomatiques entre le Japon et le Brésil. La seconde, couvrant les années 1910, traite des débuts de l’immigration, mais aussi de la colonisation agricole japonaise au Brésil. Enfin, la troisième propose un traitement complet des années 1920 et 1930 ; deux décennies déterminantes marquées par la montée du nationalisme brésilien, et au cours de laquelle le gouvernement du Japon reprend le contrôle des processus migratoires grâce à la promulgation d’une politique d’aide et d’encouragement à l’émigration en 1925
The Japanese labor emigration is a phenomenon that has occurred as soon as the Meiji Era has been proclaimed, in 1868, when the Archipelago decided to open its doors to the world. Japanese emigration to Brazil began in 1908 when 781 contracted farmers arrived at the port of Santos in the state of São Paulo. The present dissertation aims at showing that emigration, immigration and colonization in Brazil were designed by its main actors (such as politicians and emigration companies) as a mean for the expansion of Japanese economy abroad, and, in that regard, can be considered to have contributed to the nation-building of Japan. This works rests upon a conclusion drew up by Mori Kôichi, who argues that Japanese emigration to Brazil, but also in the whole world, is not much analyzed by Japanese historians, even though, according to him, it appears to have been one of the main process that supported the emergence of Japan’s State, from the very beginning of the Meiji Era (1868-1912) to the eve of World War II. Its premises rest upon the idea that the history of migrations is mainly written by the receiving countries, however it should also be the concern of sending countries, whose “departure policies” revealed that emigration and agrarian colonization were designed to contribute to the sender State-building process – and we believe this was also true for Japan. The present dissertation borrows the methodological framework of historical studies and, for its major part, rests upon the use of Japan’s diplomatic records dealing with the Japanese emigration, immigration and colonization in Brazil from 1895 to 1942. It is chronologically structured around three periods. The first part, from 1868 and 1908, the focuses on the beginning of the Japanese emigration to Brazil, that is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Brazil and the organization process of the first departure of Japanese emigrants to Brazil. The second part, from 1908 to 1920, describes the start of both Japanese emigration and Japan’s agricultural colonization in Brazil. The third part finally deals with the Japanese emigration, immigration and colonization during the 1920s and the 1930s; two important decades characterized by the rise of nationalism in Brazil on one hand, and on the other by the active promotion of emigration by Japan’s government, via the implementation of a national policy of emigration in 1925

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Fassio, Giulia. "Images et représentations de l'Italie et des italiens à Grenoble depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH041.

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Dans les dernières années, en Italie, l'émigration a recommencé à attirer l'attention des chercheurs et de l'opinion publique (surtout en relation à l'intérêt croissant pour les questions liées à l'immigration), en s'affirmant comme l'un des principaux sujets du discours historique public : sans vouloir fournir un portrait exhaustif des études les plus récentes, il convient toutefois de signaler que certaines œuvres – selon différentes approches théorico-méthodologiques – ont cherché à tracer une histoire générale et systématique de l'émigration italienne, en adoptant une perspective temporelle très large et en se concentrant aussi bien sur les lieux d'origine que sur ceux d'arrivée, mais aussi sur les réseaux qui les relient.À part l'immigration étrangère, même les récentes émigrations et mobilités italiennes, en dehors et au sein de la nation même, constituent un thème actuellement débattu par l'opinion publique, qui le perçoit le plus souvent en lien au grave problème du chômage des jeunes, surtout dans certaines zones de l'Italie méridionale. Dans le milieu académique, les actuelles émigrations italiennes sont un sujet d'analyse surtout pour les sociologues, qui en ont mis en évidence certains caractères novateurs : les nouvelles destinations (en grande partie européennes), la plus forte présence de femmes, une plus grande qualification de la force de travail et le caractère temporaire du projet migratoire, souvent caractérisé par des mouvements d'aller-retour répétés. En France, au contraire, les études sur les migrations ont un développement en partie différent de celui des Italiens, du moments que la France a été et est considérée et analysée surtout comme un Pays d'immigration, caractérisé pendant longtemps par une politique assimilationniste, dans laquelle les émigrations vers l'étranger et internes ont été peu approfondies et fondamentalement exclues de l'histoire nationale aussi pour sauvegarder une idée forte d'unité nationale. Cette thèse a eu, entre autres, le but de reconstruire les différentes phases de la présence italienne à Grenoble et en Isère de la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale à nos jours, en soulignant les éléments de continuité, ainsi que les transformations qui ont caractérisés les vagues migratoires et les construction d'appartenance et identité des migrants.Une caractéristique importante est l'hétérogénéité interne à la population italienne ou d'origine italienne de Grenoble ; il s'agit, en effet, d'un ensemble d'individus ou de groupes appartenant à différentes générations et provenant d'aires géographiques différentes, dont on peut observer les dynamiques communautaires ainsi que les liens avec le Pays de provenance et celui d'immigration et leur variations au cours de la période prise en compte.L'analyse de cette période – s'appuyant à des sources orales et d'archive – a montré que les conditions de vie, les rapports entre Italiens, Italiens et Français ou étrangers d'origine différente ont changé dans le temps suite à l'évolution de plusieurs variables, notamment la composition des flux migratoires, les parcours de mobilité sociale et économique, des facteurs générationnels, la réputation internationale du Pays d'origine, etc
This thesis aims to analyze, in an interdisciplinary perspective, the Italian migrations in Grenoble since the World War II and its representation. I tried to examine the various trends and generations of Italian immigrants in Grenoble and their relationship with Italy, also considering variables such as age, period of immigration, employment, social position. Moreover, analyzing quite a long time, I was able to compare the elements of continuity and discontinuity between present and past migrations, and among immigrants and their descendants.From a methodological point of view, I studied many sources: oral sources (about 80 interviews), archival sources, bibliographical sources, statistical data ... trying to maintain an interdisciplinary perspective.The thesis is divided into nine chapters and two main parts that follow a chronological order: the first part covers the period between World War II and the Nineties and the second part analyzes the contemporary migrations and the Italian presence in Grenoble. In the first part, I used archival sources and oral sources: in particular, I tried to describe the state policies on migration after the World War II, the regularization of immigrants and illegal migration across the Alps. I also described the efforts of some Italian immigrants to build a positive image through associations linked to the resistance and anti-fascism.Analyzing the following decades I have tried to examine some particular issues such as the social ascent of some immigrants, the role of women and family networks, the role of regional associations and the Italian church, the relations with immigrants of other countries, the development of economic and emotional links with Italy. The second part of this thesis studies the current situation: the new Italian immigrants in Grenoble and the different forms of self-representation, their identity as citizens of Italy and Europe, and later, examines the relationship between new and old immigrants and their children and grandchildren. I tried to show the complexity of the links between Italians and the country of origin; their relations with Italy, in fact, depending on the generation, social class, age and other individual variables. In this regard, for example, I have examined the question of mixed marriages and I analyzed all marriages of the Italian church since 1965.I described the places most frequented by Italians in Grenoble, and those who have a symbolic value. I also described the travels in Italy of immigrants, that include the holidays at places of origin, and also the weekend in Turin to buy food and other Italian products. Finally, from the analysis of individual and collective trajectories, I tried to reflect on the condition of the migrant in the past and present and to question some analytical categories, such as integration or assimilation

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Chooi, Cheng Yeen. "Blooding a lion in Little Bourke Street : the creation, negotiation and maintenance of Chinese ethnic identity in Melbourne." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armc548.pdf.

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Moffatt, Rowena. "An appeal to principle : a theory of appeals and review of migration status decision-making in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:95a2afbc-835e-4de9-84b4-2e65598bfd4b.

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The question asked by this thesis is when and why, as a matter of principle, should there be judicial scrutiny on the merits of administrative decisions on migration status ('migration status decisions') in the United Kingdom? It argues that this is a moral question, engaging concerns of fair treatment. The first two chapters examine the question theoretically. It is argued that access to justice is not a gift of citizenship and that migration status decision-making should be reviewable on the merits to avoid the appearance and/or occurrence of injustice in the light of the effects of migration control on individual migrants and the nature of migration status decision-making as 'very imperfect procedural justice' (save where a decision is not based on the judgment discretion of an administrator). The latter five chapters apply the normative claims to the United Kingdom constitutional context, including the relevant European regimes (European Convention on Fundamental Rights and European Union). First, as background to the argument, a history of recourse from migration status decision-making in the UK from the initial establishment of a review system in 1905 is sketched out. The history demonstrates the absence of a coherent or principled account of migration status appeals. The history is followed by a three-part critique of the current system of recourse in the UK. First rights of appeal in three case studies (deportation, offshore visitors and students) are examined. Secondly, the three standards of review available under judicial review (rationality, anxious scrutiny and proportionality) are critiqued, and thirdly, the contribution of European and international norms is considered. In general terms the thesis concludes that the current UK system of recourse is deficient in certain respects and suggests reform to the current appeals system.

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Fouweather, Karen Helen. "Ten Pounds for Adults, Kids Travel Free: An essay on the effects of migration upon the children of the British migrants to Western Australia in the 1960s and 1970s ; and , The red pipe: a novella set in Port Hedland." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/688.

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This study comprises an essay entitled ‘Ten Pounds for Adults, Kids Travel Free’ and a creative component entitled ‘The Red Pipe: a Novella Set in Port Hedland’. The essay focuses upon the children of the ‘golden era’ of British migration to Australia, between 1961 and 1971, when over 300,000 arrived as part of an unprecedented post-war population drive. Most travelled under an assisted passage scheme in which adults paid £10 towards their fare and their children travelled free of charge. Consequently, these assisted British immigrants were known by Australians as the ‘Ten Pound Poms’. Two decades on from the introduction of the scheme, immigration motives had shifted from the desperation born of immediate post-war austerity to the heightened expectations of the increasingly affluent Sixties and Seventies. The vast majority of these later British migrants came in family units, for the future of their children was a major consideration for most of the parents. Many of them faced significant struggle settling in to what was promised to be a ‘British way of life’, whilst, in reality, Australia was becoming an increasingly multicultural and unfamiliar society. This study is distinctive in that it examines the long-term consequences of migration upon the lives of the British children. It seeks to acknowledge, but ultimately to shift the focus from, the decisions and achievements of the parents to their children, the ‘second generation’, who travelled for free. It also considers the ongoing ramifications of the migration decision, as the parents age and pass on and their children, themselves, become parents and grandparents. It does so by utilising the recollections of a focus group of 31 British migrants, who travelled to Australia during this period. Eleven of these participants were parents at the time of migration, whilst the remaining interviewees were aged under eighteen. This thesis has a predominant focus upon Western Australia, for most of the participants originally disembarked in Fremantle. Today, all except two live in this state. The key child protagonists of the creative component are both British child migrants who immigrated to Western Australia with their families during the late 1960s. The novella, entitled The Red Pipe, is loosely based upon the author’s childhood experience of Cyclone Joan’s visit to Port Hedland in 1975. Joan was the most destructive cyclone to affect the Pilbara district in over thirty years. Over eighty-five per cent of the buildings were damaged and the town was left without power and communications for days. The author spent a harrowing night waiting out the storm with her family, narrowly escaping injury when the cyclone breached the family home. Utilizing the perspectives of two pivotal child protagonists, the novella traces the circumstances, severity and aftermath of Cyclone Joan upon the town and its culturally eclectic inhabitants. This little-known, yet significant incident in the history of Western Australia is set in a geographically significant port town, at a time before the mining boom. The ferocity of nature upon an ancient and isolated landscape provides the catalyst for the resultant exploration of the tenacity of childhood, set against the inherent fragility of the nuclear family unit and interwoven with the transient nature of the migrant condition.

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Tonet, Charles. "O empreendedorismo na ficção de José Clemente Pozenato : mito e expressão de regionalidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3617.

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Esta dissertação trata do processo de mistificação do empreendedorismo como expressão de regionalidade da Região Colonial Italiana (RCI), que tem como agentes discursivos historiadores, poder público, entidades de classe e empresários. A partir da análise da historiografia econômica regional e da biografia do seu maior símbolo empresarial, Abramo Eberle, objetiva-se identificar as relações entre essa narrativa histórica e a ficcional na trajetória empreendedora da família Gardone, presente na trilogia da imigração A Cocanha, O Quatrilho e A Babilônia, de José Clemente Pozenato. Dessa forma, este estudo procura discutir o empreendedorismo como manifestação de regionalidade, a qual passa pelo discurso mítico fundamentado nos conceitos de Mircea Eliade, e identificar como a lógica dos personagens e sua teia de valores morais representam os princípios tradicionais do modelo empreededor.
Submitted by cmquadros@ucs.br (cmquadros@ucs.br) on 2018-04-03T12:46:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Charle Tonet.pdf: 757594 bytes, checksum: fd81c3623870a0882735f6a6a1393c24 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T12:46:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Charle Tonet.pdf: 757594 bytes, checksum: fd81c3623870a0882735f6a6a1393c24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-03
The following thesis is about the mystification process of entrepreneurship as a regionality expression of the Italian Colonial Region (ICR), which has as discursive sources: historians, public authorities, class entities and entrepreneurs. Based on the analysis of the regional economic historiography and on its major business symbol, Abramo Eberle, the purpose is to identify the connections between this historical narrative and the fictional one in the Gardone family’s entrepreneurial trail, present in the immigration trilogy: A Cocanha, O Quatrilho and A Babilônia, by José Clemente Pozenato. Therefore, this project aims to discuss the entrepreneurship as a regionality manifestation, which examines the mythical speech based on Mircea Eliade’s concepts and to identify how the characters’ logic and its range of moral values represent the traditional principals of the entrepreneurial model.

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Sgarbi, Elielson Antonio. "Os apontamentos (1972 - 1975) - Crônicas Políticas : Portugal segundo José Saramago /." Assis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192951.

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Orientador: Sandra Aparecida Ferreira
Resumo: Esta tese efetua uma análise das crônicas políticas reunidas em Os Apontamentos (1990), de José Saramago (1922 – 2010), com o objetivo de elucidar as relações estabelecidas entre as crônicas e os acontecimentos que nortearam a política portuguesa e europeia nos anos 70. A hipótese é a de que essas crônicas apresentam, por meio de uma atenção rigorosa às manifestações dos dirigentes, uma reflexão destinada a apontar o alcance e as limitações da esfera governamental. Para fundamentar essa hipótese, apresenta-se o posicionamento de Saramago quanto ao intenso processo migratório derivado das péssimas condições de vida do campesinato, da precária industrialização, dos baixos salários e da exploração do trabalhador pela elite lusa. O permanente desassossego de Saramago com as limitações e assimetrias socioeconômicas de Portugal é também explicitado na discussão sobre a natureza do vínculo entre portugueses e europeus, que dá ensejo à vocação ibérica do escritor, francamente contrário ao paradigma neoliberal europeu. Em Os Apontamentos, destaca-se também o compromisso do escritor com os ideais comunistas, balizadores das esperanças e das decepções de José Saramago com a Revolução dos Cravos (25/04/1974) com destaque para as adversidades do período pós-revolucionário, bem como para a consecução de projetos políticos para a instauração da democracia. Dentre as obras que norteiam a análise do perfil jornalístico de José Saramago empreendida nesta tese, estão O Império derrotado (2006),... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Zickermann, Kathrin. "Across the German sea : Scottish commodity exchange, network building and communities in the wider Elbe-Weser region in the early modern period." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/958.

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This thesis analyses the commercial, maritime and military relations between Scotland and the cities and territories in the North Western parts of the Holy Roman Empire during the early modern period; specifically Hamburg, Bremen, the Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden, Danish Altona and Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Having identified anomalies in the histories of these locations, and bringing a more international dimension to them, my study tackles a remarkable understudied geo-political location. The core of my research identifies the immigration of Scots and the establishment of commercial networks within a region rather than an individual territory, highlighting contact across political borders. This region differed significantly from other places in Northern Europe in that it did not maintain an ethnically distinct Scottish community enforcing and encouraging interaction with the indigenous German population and other foreigners such as the English Merchant Adventurers in Hamburg. The survey reveals that despite the lack of such a community the region was of commercial significance to Scots as evidenced by the presence of individual Scottish merchants, factors and entrepreneurs whose trade links stretched far beyond their home country. Significantly, these Scots present in mercantile capacities were demonstrably linked to their countrymen who frequented the region as diplomats and soldiers who frequently resided in the neutral cities of Bremen and Hamburg. Some of these Scots within the Swedish army were of importance in the administration of Swedish Bremen-Verden while others fought for Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Their presence encouraged chain migration, particularly offering shelter to Scottish political exiles in the later seventeenth century. Analysing the collective role of these men and the relationships between them, this thesis highlights the overall significance of the wider Elbe-Weser region to the Scots and vice versa, filling a gap in our understanding of the Scottish Diaspora in the early modern period, and broadening our understanding of the region itself.

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Stellin, Monica. "Bridging the ocean, thematic aspects of Italian literature of migration to Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0010/NQ41510.pdf.

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Farreras, Morlanes Teresa. "East Timorese ethno-nationalism: search for an identity - cultural and political self-determination." Phd thesis, University of Queensland, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/267386.

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This thesis is an examination of the development of ethnic, cultural and national identity among the East Timor people reaching Australia after the East Timor civil war of August 1975 . In the introduction I argue that ethnic and national identity, or ethno-nationalism, is not a natural phenomenon and that it can emerge at any moment in time owing to specific historical, socio-economic or political circumstances. I argue that during the 1974-1975 period the Portuguese- Timorese mestieo (racially mixed) elite of East Timer, principally those of Dili, of which the refugees are representative, began developing specific ethnic and nationalist ideologies in response to new political circumstances offering the people the opportunity to assert an all-embracing East Timorese identity. The chapters which follow present data and analysis in support of the initial argument and are directed to show that a combination of theoretical approaches offer a better rationale for the understanding of identity creation and development. In Chapters 2 and 3 I describe the refugees' historical, socio-economic and political background and assert that history is important for an understanding of the selective representation of myths, symbols, ideologies and instrumental tactics. In Chapters 4, 5 and 6 I examine the development of III identity against the interplay of social order, power and conflict. I direct the analysis towards the notion of negotiation of an identity within global and local political and social parameters. I examine political issues, contextual problems, personal and group motives and the re-creation and presentation of symbols, myths, ideas and beliefs. Chapter 7 shows how the search for the legitimization of an identity and political claims by nationalist individuals and the group are directed by the intelligentsia 1 s manipulation through the artistic media of specific nationalist ideologies aimed at resolving the problems of the present. In Chapter 8 I discuss the role of the Catholic Church in the politics of identity building, its position in relation to the people's demands of historical and cultural obligations, the dilemmas experienced by the Church in the face of its own tenets and the institutionalized order, and the people's teleological use of religion as techniques of political resistance. I conclude by reasserting that refugee populations such as the East Timorese in having to re-stablish their lives in an alien context would normally strive to function socially according to their perceptions of priority needs, creating in the process new subjective understandings. I stress that this also demonstrates that it is paramount to direct the analysis of ethno-nationalism through a combination of diverse theoretical approaches and that in this form one can better understand the whole set of the people's strategies for identity survival.

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Sulem, Evelyn. "Transnational migration in Mexican indigenous communities : an analysis of gender and empowerment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59470/.

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This thesis presents interdisciplinary work on indigenous Mexican migration from a gender perspective. It uses a conceptual framework drawn from Agarwal (1994) and Kabeer (2001) to explore the role of transnational migration in the transformation of gender relations and identities and to enrich our understanding of the link between transnational migration and empowerment. Based on innovative multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in the Mixtec town of Santiago Cacaloxtepec, the Zapotec town of San Bartolomé Quialana; both located in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico; and the state of California, US; this research presents a high resolution comparative analysis of changing gender relations in the communities of origin and diaspora due to indigenous (mainly) male migration. Migration from both communities is transnational, gendered and undocumented; indigenous men are still seen as the natural subjects of migration, especially when this is international, but nowadays indigenous women are also expected to migrate at least while they are single. Longer-term absence of male inhabitants has been understood as a determining factor which progressively re-constructs gender relations, increases female participation in political life and is a catalyst for women's empowerment. However a close scrutiny of the socio-political context of the communities, the dynamics of migration and a desegregation of female respondents by age/generation allows this research to argue that not all women are sharing equally in the shifts in gender relations. Moreover, while transnational migration is found to be both initiating and contributing to processes of women’s empowerment, its significance is differentiated by the location, age, civil status and migrant experiences of women, and it is not the only factor at work. In the diaspora, changes in gender relations have been observed in favour of women, as they take advantage of new opportunities in employment and education and men are obliged to participate in household work. Important processes of empowerment were detected among male and female migrants who have found opportunities that they could not have obtained in their communities of origin. However, their clandestine status still jeopardizes their transformative achievements. Transnational migration has also served as an opportunity to re-construct and question the forms of femininity and masculinity practised in the communities. Femininity has ceased to be represented only through motherhood and marriage, to give way to more active and transformative expressions. Dominant forms of indigenous masculinities have been based on elderly-wisdom power arrangements; however the trajectory of transnational migration is seeing them give way to a masculinity represented by the younger "brave" and experienced migrant.

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Phillipo, Mark William. "Romans overseas : Roman and Italian migrant communities in the Mediterranean world." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4508.

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In this thesis, I characterise the Roman republican diaspora in the western Mediterranean, on the basis of the various activities which prompted the migration of individuals from Italy. The intention of my discussion is to examine the connection between republican imperialism and the generally obscure individuals who were the actual participants in empire. This is partly a response to Brunt's Italian Manpower, in so far as Brunt's minimalist calculation of the population of the diaspora discouraged subsequent research on the subject. To accomplish this, I have relied principally on the available literary references as the foundation of a thematic analysis of the diaspora, considering migration of those in the military or associated with it, as well as those involved in various categories of commercial activity. The settlement of former soldiers was frequently connected with the re-organisation of overseas communities by Roman generals. Commercial activity was examined with reference to a general model for trade in the late republic, which emphasises the role of agents acting on behalf of wealthier individuals in Italy. I also considered more general characteristics of the diaspora. Firstly, I have proposed a maximum population for the diaspora at the end of the republic of 170,000. Secondly, I have proposed that communities of the diaspora were organising themselves into conventus by the 70s BC. Finally, I have suggested that the social and economic networks of the diaspora can be modelled in terms of a network of bilateral connections between communities, though with particularly strong connections to Rome.

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Sprunger, Luke. ""Del Campo Ya Pasamos a Otras Cosas--From the Field We Move on to Other Things": Ethnic Mexican Narrators and Latino Community Histories in Washington County, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1977.

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This work examines the histories of the Latino population of Washington County, Oregon, and explores how and why ethnic Mexican and other Latino individuals and families relocated to the county. It relies heavily on oral history interviews conducted by the author with ethnic Mexican residents, and on archival newspaper sources. Beginning with the settlement of a small number of tejano families and the formation of an ethnic community in the 1960s, a number of factors encouraged an increasing number of migrant Latino families--from tejanos to Mexican nationals to Central and South Americans to indigenous migrants of various nationalities--to settle permanently in the county. This work studies how the growth and diversification of the population altered the nature of community among Latinos, how changing social conditions and the efforts of early community builders improved opportunities for new arrivals, and how continuing migration has assisted in processes of cultural replenishment.

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Lindkvist, Anna. "Jorden åt folket : nationalföreningen mot emigrationen 1907-1925." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Historical Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1385.

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This thesis deals with the National Society Against Emigration (Sw.Nationalföreningen mot emigrationen) – referred to as the NE – and its radical right-wing leader Adrian Molin. Th e NE was founded in 1907 in order to stem the tide of emigration from Sweden and facilitate re-immigration by providing jobs and accomodation. Its many bureaus served as employment offi ces, land distribution centres and own-your-own-home companies, mainly aimed at creating smallholdings for Swedish working-class families.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the organization, concept and practise of the internal colonization of rural Sweden between 1907 and 1925. By following both the successes and setbacks of the NE during the first decades of the twentieth century, ideas and opportunities circulating in Swedish society in a time of wide-ranging ideological and material change are discussed. Questions in focus include why a society to prevent

emigration from Sweden emerged at that particular time; the function it served for both society and the state; the form internal colonization actually took and how it was conducted in comparison with other governmental and private agricultural reforms; and the attitude of the NE toward modernization in general. Theoretically the dissertation takes its point of departure in theories on nation-building and internal colonization (i.e., the establishment of small-scale farming and the cultivation of new land within the national borders), corporatism and attitudes toward modernization. The ideological analysis has been inspired by political scientist Michael Freeden´s theory of the construction of political ideologies via political concepts, as well as an analysis of the view of social categories such as gender, class and ethnicity. The source material is comprised of magazines, newspaper articles, letters and books and offi cial parliamentary publications. The practise of internal colonization has been studied with the aid of preserved accounts of the NE’s small-scale farming colonies, real estate documents, company reports, correspondance and further press materials.

The surge of anti-emigration attitudes is explained as a powerful reaction arising at the turn of the century due to the economic upswing in Swedish industry and the social transformations which followed in the 1890s, when the country was seen as a nation with a promising future. That Adrian Molin founded the NE in 1907 is viewed as a consequence of his nationalistic thought. Together with political scientist Prof. Rudolf Kjellén, Molin was one of the country´s foremost advocates of an integrative nationalism.

The NE was led by an elite of middle- and upper-class men involved in politics, industry and voluntary associations. Female members and representatives of the lower social classes were mostly absent. In general the NE neglected women in both speeches and plans, being preoccupied with ideas concerning the cultivation of middle-class Swedish men.

The NE became a co-actor in a corporative colonization eff ort sanctioned by government financing during the 1910s. In 1920 the NE’s projects were condemned as hierarchical and undemocratic in comparison with other own-home organizations. Many other own-home companies were built on a cooperative foundation,

while the NE was run by a national, regional, and local political and financial elite. Suspicions were raised about the raison d´être of the society. The state withdrew its subsidies and loans, and the NE lost it close connections with the government. Though conservative and reactionary in social issues, the NE cannot be characterized as critical of civilization or economic modernization of the country. Its programme intended to aid in the development

of both agriculture and industry. The creation of more smallholdings would help bridge the problematic transition between two systems, from agrarian to industrial society.

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Chatta, Ilyas Ahmad. "Partition and its aftermath : violence, migration and the role of refugees in the socio-economic development of Gujranwala and Sialkot cities, 1947-1961." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/.

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The partition of India in August 1947 was marked by the greatest migration in the Twentieth Century and the death of an estimated one million persons. Yet until recently (Ansari 2005; Talbot 2006) little was written about the longer term socioeconomic consequences of this massive dislocation, especially for Pakistan. Even when the 'human dimension' of refugee experience rather than the 'high politics' of partition was addressed, it was not specifically tied to local case studies (Butalia, 1998). A comparative dimension was also missing, even in the 'new history' of partition. The thesis through case studies of the Pakistan Punjab cities of Gujranwala and Sialkot examines partition related episodes of violence, migration and resettlement. It draws on hitherto unexplored original sources to explain the nature, motivation and purpose of violence at the local level. It argues that the violence in both cities was clearly politically rather than culturally and religiously rooted. The problems of finding accommodation and employment as well as patterns of urban resettlement are also explored. The thesis shows how the massive shifts in population influenced and transformed the socio-economic landscape of the two cities. It also addresses wider issues regarding the relative roles of refugees and locally skilled craftsmen in rebuilding the cities' economies following the migration of the Hindu and Sikh trading and commercial class. This analysis reveals that while partition represented a major disruption, continuities persisted from the colonial era. Indeed, Sialkot's post-independence development owed more to the skill base it inherited than to the refugee influx.

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Sheridan, Louise. "A comparative analysis of issues of migration, hybridity and diaspora in Irish diasporic literary and oral narratives." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2011. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8882/.

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Kalfa, Eleni. "Immigrants' over-education, their labour market outcomes and remittance behaviour." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54350/.

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The thesis investigates immigrants’ labour market performance and migrants’ remittance behaviour using survey data from Spain and Australia. Using empirical estimation techniques, it examines the following three aspects: (1) the impact of immigrants’ educational mismatch at home on the incidence and wage effects of over-education in the destination country; (2) the extent to which immigrants’ social and ethnic capital can correct over-education; and (3) the role of initial motives to migrate, employment conditions and education on immigrants’ remittance behaviour. Using individual data from Spain, the empirical results show that immigrants’ education-occupation mismatch can largely be explained by an existing education-occupation mismatch in the last job held in the home country. In addition to this, a high persistence in over-education is observed throughout their stay in the destination country, with significant wage penalties, especially for the higher educated group. It is argued that immigrants’ performance in the labour market can be improved by their social capital as it provides access to useful resources that could help them in finding a job. However, this does not necessarily mean that social capital can help in finding a better matched job over time. Using a longitudinal household panel survey from Australia, the results suggest that social capital does not contribute in reducing over-education. In particular, social participation and ethnic networks are strong contributors in accentuating over-education. Mixed results are found when distinguishing between levels of education, with the higher educated being better off in the labour market through their contacts. In addition to this, initial motives to migrate, labour market conditions in the host country as well as human capital accumulated may in fact have an impact on immigrants’ decision to stay in the host country, which could in turn affect their remittance behaviour. Evidence from Spain shows that labour migrants are more likely to send money back home, while family migrants have a lower propensity to remit. In addition, employment stability throughout the stay in the host country has a strong negative impact on both, the decision and the amount sent. Significant differences are observed between years of arrival, where the higher educated remit more as time spent in the host country increases, while level of income and employment stability appear to be important determinants for recent arrivals than for those who spent more than 10 years abroad.

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Jessie, Alison Leigh. "Questions of Citizenship: Oregonian Reactions to Japanese Immigrants' Quest for Naturalization Rights in the United States, 1894-1952." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2644.

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This study examines the discrimination against Japanese immigrants in U.S. naturalization law up to 1952 and how it was covered in the Oregonian newspaper, one of the oldest and most widely read newspapers on the West Coast. The anti-Japanese movement was much larger in California, but this paper focuses on the attitudes in Oregon, which at times echoed sentiments in California but at other times conveyed support for Japanese naturalization. Naturalization laws at the turn of the century were vague, leaving the task of defining who was white, and thus eligible for naturalization, to the courts. Japanese applicants were often denied, but until the federal government clarified which immigrants could or could not become citizens, the subject remained open to debate. "Ineligibility to naturalization" was often used as a code for "Japanese" in discriminatory land use laws and similar legislation at the state level in California and in other western states. This study highlights several factors which influenced Oregonian editorials on the subject. First, the fear of offending Japan and provoking war with that empire was a foremost concern of Oregonian editors. California's moves to use naturalization law to prevent Japanese immigrants from owning land were seen as dangerous because they damaged relations with Japan and could lead to war. The Oregonian went so far as to recommend Japanese naturalization during the First World War. However, war and foreign relations were federal issues, thus the second theme seen throughout Oregonian editorials was deference to federal authority on questions related to naturalization. While suggesting that naturalization for existing immigrants might be good policy, the Oregonian urged the federal government to settle the matter. Once the Supreme Court ruled against Asian naturalization in 1922 and 1923, the Oregonian dropped its push for such rights. Nativism was another theme that influenced opinions at this time, and before 1923 the Oregonian generally opposed extreme nativist positions, while at the same time advocating for limits to Japanese immigration and against mixed marriages. This paper does not deal with the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II because naturalization was not the issue for the anti-exclusion movement at the time. Citizenship did not give the Nisei, second generation Japanese American citizens, any protection against their wartime removal from the West Coast. This study returns to the issue of naturalization for Japanese immigrants after the war, as a number of Issei, first generation Japanese immigrants, still lived in the United States but were denied citizenship, even though most had been in the country for decades at that point. There was less opposition to Japanese naturalization after the war due to the noted loyalty of the Japanese during the war, the focus on human rights as an issue promoted by the new United Nations, and Cold War politics which demanded better relations with Japan and thus fairer treatment of Japanese living in the United States. The Oregonian editorials reflected the shift in public opinion throughout the country in favor of lifting the racial bar to citizenship. Japanese Americans in Oregon were active in the campaign to change U.S. naturalization law. The issue was more important to the Japanese American community than it was to the Oregonian editorial board by then, as other Cold War events took precedence on the front and op-ed pages of the newspaper.

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Joseph, Ricky. "Housing wealth and accumulation : home ownership experiences of African Caribbean families migrating to Birmingham and London in the period 1950-1970." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/39/.

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The housing wealth experiences of ethnic minority home owners is relatively unexplored within the UK literature. This thesis makes a contribution to this field by exploring the experiences of African Caribbean post war families. There are a number of original points of departure to this literature that this study makes. Links are made with Caribbean migration and social anthropology literatures in developing fresh perspectives on the study of housing wealth among this group. The study avoids treating housing wealth in isolation from other networks within African Caribbean communities. Instead it develops a single asset network that positions housing wealth within a broader resource framework used to interpret home ownership careers and return migration planning. The study incorporates literature drawn from cultural consumption theory in exploring values and meanings attached to inheritances in the UK and Caribbean. An original methodological contribution is made in the use of life history methods in exploring consumption and transmission of housing wealth across two generations of the same family. The 13 families included in the study are drawn from Birmingham and London. The findings suggest that there is a complex interaction of networks used throughout home ownership careers. Informal financial networks in the form of intergenerational exchanges are used in supporting younger family members at the start of home ownership careers. There is evidence that inheritance of 'family land' in the Caribbean provided a focus for the investment of UK housing wealth to facilitate return migration. Other forms of housing wealth leakage took place, with evidence of investments in second homes in the Caribbean, kinship networks and entrepreneurial activity. This investment of UK housing assets in second homes across the Caribbean region suggests the creation of 'transnational housing markets'.

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Anderson, Zoe Melantha Helen. "At the borders of belonging : representing cultural citizenship in Australia, 1973-1984." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0176.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis offers a re-contextualisation of multiculturalism and immigration in Australia in the 1970s and 80s in relation to crucial and progressive shifts in gender and sexuality. It provides new ways of examining issues of belonging and cultural citizenship in this field of inquiry, within an Australian context. The thesis explores the role sexuality played in creating a framework through which anxieties about immigration and multiculturalism manifested. It considers how debates about gender and sexuality provided fuel to concerns about ethnic diversity and breaches of the 'cultural' borders of Australia. I have chosen three significant historical moments in which anxieties around events relating to immigration/multiculturalism were most heightened: these are the beginning of the 'official' policy of multiculturalism in Australia in 1973; the arrival of large numbers of Vietnamese refugees as a consequence of the Vietnam War in 1979; and 1984, a year in which the furore over the alleged 'Asianisation' of Australia reached a peak. In these years, multiple and recurring representations served to recreate norms as applicable to the white heterosexual family, not only as a commentary and prescriptive device for migrants, but as a means of reinforcing 'Australianness' itself. A focus on the body as a border/site of belonging and in turn, crucially, its relationship to the heterosexual nuclear family as a marker of 'cultural citizenship', lies at the heart of this exploration. Normative ideas of gender and sexuality, I demonstrate, were integral in informing the ambivalence about multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in Australia. Indeed, for each of these years I examine how the discourses of gender and sexuality, evident for example in parliamentary debates such as that relating to the Sex Discrimination Act 1984, were intricately tied to ongoing concerns regarding growing non-white ethnicity in Australia, and indeed, enabled it. ... In pursuing this contribution, the work draws critically upon recent innovative interdisciplinary scholarship in the field of sexuality and immigration, and draws upon a broad range of sources to inform a comprehensive and complex examination of these issues. Sources employed include the major newspapers and periodicals of the time, Parliamentary debates from the Commonwealth House of Representatives, Parliamentary Committee findings and publications, speeches and polemics, and relevant legislation. This inquiry is an interrogation of a key methodological question: can sexuality, in its workings through ethnicity and 'race', be used as a primary tool of analysis in discussing how whiteness and 'Australianness' reconfigured itself through normative heteropatriarchy in an era that claimed to champion and celebrate difference? How and why did ambiguities concerning 'Australianness' prevail, concurrent with progressive and generally politically benign periods of Australian multiculturalism? The thesis argues that sexuality through the construction of the 'good white hetero-patriarchal family' both informed, and enabled, the endurance of anxieties around non-white ethnicity in Australia.

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Tonkiss, Katherine E. "Constitutional patriotism and the post-national paradox : an exploration of migration, identity and loyalty at the local level." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3634/.

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Theorists of constitutional patriotism argue that the binding sentiment of shared national identity can be replaced with allegiance to universal principles, interpreted into particular constitutions through ongoing deliberative processes. In this thesis, I explore the implications of such an approach for the defensibility of restrictions on migration, a subject which has previously received very little attention. I argue that constitutional patriotism implies a commitment to the free movement of individuals across borders; but that freedom of movement itself creates challenges for the implementation of constitutional patriotism. This is because it may increase anti-immigrant, nationalist sentiment in the host community. I term this phenomenon the ‘post-national paradox’. I then draw on independently collected qualitative data on Eastern European migration to English rural communities to explore this post-national paradox. I analyse the argumentative strategies, as the well as the perceptions of difference, evident in justifications of anti-immigrant and nationalist sentiment in these contexts. I highlight both perceptions of cultural and economic threat, as well as a ‘banal’ sense of national loyalty, underpinning such attitudes; and suggest that discursive practice at the most local level is necessary for the bottom up construction, or growth, of an inclusive form of identity and belonging.

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Scuto, Denis J.-P. M. "La construction de la nationalité luxembourgeoise: une histoire sous influence française, belge et allemande, 1839-1940." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210310.

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La thèse analyse l'évolution de la législation de la nationalité du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg du Code civil des Français (1803) à la loi toute récente de 2008, avec une étude détaillée de la période qui va de l'indépendance du pays (1839) au début de la Seconde guerre mondiale (1940). L'étude dégage l'influence importante de la législation des pays voisins sur cette évolution.L'histoire de l'Etat-nation, des migrations et de la politique migratoire est également abordée.

The dissertation analyzes the evolution of the nationality legislation of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from the French Code civil (1803) till the most recent law of 2008.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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48

Robson, Graham David. "Scots abroad, nationalism at home : Kailyard and Kilt as gatekeepers? 1885-1979." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24275.

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The emigration of the Scots from the 18th to the 20th century has produced a diaspora. The thesis outlines how many diasporas are involved in the nationalist projects of their homeland. However, over the chronology of this study and beyond, whilst there were active movements to amend or end the Union of 1707, it has been found that the Scots were not. The thesis then proposes some explanations for this. Chapters one and two introduce methods, research material and context; they describe the Union, the emigrations and diasporas. The study uses for comparison purposes the Irish and Norwegian diasporas. Lines of enquiry such as nationalism, the use of soft power and gatekeeping behaviour are presented, with a discussion of Scottish nationalism. The study examines the approach to involving the diaspora of five groups; both SHRAs, the International Scots Home Rule League, the National Convention and the NPS/SNP. The response of Scottish MPs in the diaspora in England to the many attempts to legislate for home rule is also examined. The approach to the diaspora was found to be badly executed and targeted. Few visits were made, and only to the US and Canada. Communication was unfocussed and spasmodic. The Scottish associational clubs were frequently used as a conduit. A small part of the whole diaspora, these acted as gatekeepers, selectively mobilising for themselves as an elite which had no need of nationalism as they could succeed without it. Comparing the Irish, whose diaspora successfully supported its nationalist causes at home, is instructive. The study concludes that the spasmodic and amateurish nature of contact, the nature of the Associations and that of the diaspora itself were the main culprits in this case of a diaspora indifferent to the fate of nationalism in its home land.

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Bechet, Camille. "L'immigration latino-américaine en Guyane : de la départementalisation (1946) à nos jours." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739458.

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Durant la colonisation, le colonisateur n'a pas ménagé ses efforts pour peupler la Guyane. Les différentes populations qui s'y sont installées au gré des différentes opérations de développement-peuplement ont été anéanties par les épidémies et les conditions de vie déplorables. Ce qui valut à la colonie son surnom d'enfer vert. Avec le régime de la départementalisation en 1946, la Guyane connut comme une révolution sanitaire et sociale qui améliora les conditions de vie et la rapprocha des départements métropolitains. S'en suivit une croissance démographique encouragée par une politique migratoire. Une telle composante immigrée influa dans tous les domaines socioculturels du département jusqu'à faire partie de l'identité propre de la Guyane. Malgré cette croissance, l'appel à la main-d'œuvre extérieure demeura encore nécessaire au développement du département : construction de la base spatiale en 1965, grands chantiers de Guyane, agriculture, etc. Le succès de la base spatiale, le système de protection sociale, les hauts salaires, la richesse du sous-sol, les conditions de vie braquèrent les projecteurs sur le département et attirèrent nombre de ressortissants des pays environnants, ceux-là mêmes qui étaient repoussés hors de leurs frontières par les crises sociales, la pauvreté, la guerre civile. Si bien qu'en 1982 le nombre d'immigrés tendait à dépasser le nombre de nés en Guyane et suscita la réticence des Guyanais qui réclamaient de la part du gouvernement une politique migratoire restrictive et d'expulsion. Stigmatisant les populations immigrées, les Guyanais leur imputèrent tous les maux du département : maladies et épidémies, chômage, délinquance, drogue, non-scolarisation, pauvreté, création de bidonvilles, etc. tous ces maux qui rapprochent un peu plus le département des régions et des pays environnants les plus pauvres.

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Cumoli, Flavia. "Periferie e mondi operai: immigrazione, spazi sociali e ambiti culturali negli anni '50." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210345.

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Notre thèse analyse le rapport entre pratiques sociales d’intégration d’immigrés, modèles d’installation et processus de transformation de la morphologie urbaine dans deux études de cas qui se prêtent à une comparaison stimulante. D’un côté, nous avons le cas de l’émigration italienne interne vers un pole industriel de la banlieue métropolitaine milanaise (Sesto San Giovanni); de l’autre côté, celui de l’émigration italienne internationale dans une agglomération des bassins miniers wallons (La Louvière). Il s’agit de deux contextes d’insertion fort différents du point de vue de la morphologie sociale et de l’organisation territoriale, qui profilent des espaces hybrides entre rural et urbain en profonde et rapide transformation, à cause des flux massifs de la main d’œuvre immigrée. Ces différences nous permettent de mettre à l’épreuve de l’analyse comparée les conceptions sociologiques et les parcours historiques de l’intégration, du tissu sociale qui en est à la base, de la citoyenneté, de la construction d’identités collectives, afin de dépasser les dichotomies stéréotypées entre rural/urbain, tradition/modernité, intégration/conflit, migration interne/internationale.

La thèse développe une analyse parallèle des deux études de cas en suivant un fil argumentatif unitaire, qui s’ouvre avec une enquête sur les flux migratoires et les contextes d’accueil des migrations. Dans les deux premiers chapitres nous avons analysé le contexte économique, social et territorial dans lequel s’inscrivent les processus migratoires. Pour le cas belge, nous avons analysé le cycle de l’industrie charbonnière, le processus de dépopulation de la Wallonie et les mécanismes qui règlent les flux, c'est-à-dire une migration contractée par les deux gouvernements. En ce qui concerne le cas milanais, nous avons tracé les contours de la très rapide urbanisation, qui a conduit toute une série de communes limitrophes à Milan à entrer dans l’orbite métropolitaine et à se qualifier comme des pôles périphériques.

Après avoir tracé les contours du cadre général, nous avons fait face, dans la deuxième partie, à la question plus spécifique du logement et des formes d’installations. Pour le cas louviérois, nous avons reconstruit les conditions de logement et la très difficile confrontation des premiers immigrés avec le monde du travail charbonnier, l’absence d’une initiative publique dans le secteur du logement jusqu’en 1954, faiblement compensé par l’initiative patronale, et la phase suivante des années 1950, qui a mené à la stabilisation des immigrés dans la région. De Sesto San Giovanni nous avons reconstruit la transition complexe vers la périphérie métropolitaine, à partir des installations rurales jusqu’aux politiques publiques locales et nationales de construction de grands ensembles, en soulignant comment cette intervention urbanistique était au centre d’un débat très vif sur l’aménagement du territoire, qui a débouché sur la création d’institutions administratives régionales. Dans la dernière partie de la recherche nous avons plutôt approfondi les aspects sociaux et culturels des parcours d’installation et d’intégration dans les deux tissus urbains. C’est en cette partie que nous avons utilisé davantage les sources orales, afin d’analyser les perceptions de soi, les mécanismes de construction de l’identité sociale et donc tous les changements que la migration, le rencontre avec la ville et l’industrie ont entraîné dans les organisations familiales, dans les perspectives de vie, les aspirations et les projets des migrants. À partir de l’analyse de ces parcours, dans le chapitre conclusif nous avons interrogé quelques catégories historiques et sociologiques classiques des études migratoires: d’abord le sens d’appartenance à la communauté d’origine et le développement d’un sens d’identité nationale, ensuite le processus de formation d’une solidarité de classe, qui dans les deux contextes a pris des formes sensiblement distinctes surtout par rapport aux différences dans la mémoire de l’expérience migratoire.

Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ireland – Emigration and immigration – History'

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