Journal articles on the topic 'IRBIT forms'

CFTR, the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene-encoded epithelial anion channel, has a prominent role in driving chloride, bicarbonate and fluid secretion in the ductal cells of the exocrine pancreas. Whereas severe mutations in CFTR cause fibrosis of the pancreas in utero, CFTR mutants with residual function, or CFTR variants with a normal chloride but defective bicarbonate permeability (CFTRBD), are associated with an enhanced risk of pancreatitis. Recent studies indicate that CFTR function is not only compromised in genetic but also in selected patients with an acquired form of pancreatitis induced by alcohol, bile salts or smoking. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the mechanism and regulation of CFTR-mediated and modulated bicarbonate secretion in the pancreatic duct, including the role of the osmotic stress/chloride sensor WNK1 and the scaffolding protein IRBIT, and current knowledge about the role of CFTR in genetic and acquired forms of pancreatitis. Furthermore, we discuss the perspectives for CFTR modulator therapy in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatitis and introduce pancreatic organoids as a promising model system to study CFTR function in the human pancreas, its role in the pathology of pancreatitis and its sensitivity to CFTR modulators on a personalized basis.

The IP3R [IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) receptor] is responsible for Ca2+ release from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). We have been working extensively on the P400 protein, which is deficient in Purkinje-neuron-degenerating mutant mice. We have discovered that P400 is an IP3R and we have determined the primary sequence. Purified IP3R, when incorporated into a lipid bilayer, works as a Ca2+ release channel and overexpression of IP3R shows enhanced IP3 binding and channel activity. Addition of an antibody blocks Ca2+ oscillations indicating that IP3R1 works as a Ca2+ oscillator. Studies on the role of IP3R during development show that IP3R is involved in fertilization and is essential for determination of dorso-ventral axis formation. We found that IP3R is involved in neuronal plasticity. A double homozygous mutant of IP3R2 (IP3R type 2) and IP3R3 (IP3R type 3) shows a deficit of saliva secretion and gastric juice secretion suggesting that IP3Rs are essential for exocrine secretion. IP3R has various unique properties: cryo-EM (electron microscopy) studies show that IP3R contains multiple cavities; IP3R allosterically and dynamically changes its form reversibly (square form–windmill form); IP3R is functional even though it is fragmented by proteases into several pieces; the ER forms a meshwork but also forms vesicular ER and moves along microtubules using a kinesin motor; X ray analysis of the crystal structure of the IP3 binding core consists of an N-terminal β-trefoil domain and a C-terminal α-helical domain. We have discovered ERp44 as a redox sensor in the ER which binds to the luminal part of IP3R1 and regulates its activity. We have also found the role of IP3 is not only to release Ca2+ but also to release IRBIT which binds to the IP3 binding core of IP3R.

Du point de vue du juriste, les rachats massifs de titres publics par le Système européen de banques centrales sont une forme de « monétisation des dettes publiques », qui a des effets quasi-équivalents à ceux qui découleraient d’achats sur le marché primaire, ce que prohibe expressément le traité de Maastricht, comme vient de le rappeler la Bundesbank. Il en irait de même des monnaies « hélicoptère » ou « fiscale » ou de l’annulation totale ou partielle des dettes rachetées.

Greenways are urban elements that are designed to show the linear consistency and connectivity between open green spaces and cause a development in the urban texture. As a city starts to grow, the absolute metropolitan development should be followed by an ongoing protection of the rural and urban territories. The nexus between the city development and the fortification of the open agricultural and rural lands is deemed a good strategy in order to result in a homogenous urban fabric of the city. The study aims to present a greenway model of development to work as a prototype applied on an existing route in Irbid City-Jordan by using the methods of testing and analyzing the route during the site visit and by using GIS base maps in order to come up with an absolute combination between monitoring the city growth, maintaining the quality of the agricultural lands and serving the public and local needs in order to result in a more balanced and controlled growth of the city. Irbid city is located in the northern part of Jordan with a radial urban expansion model of growth extending from the historical center and spreading toward the outskirts of the city. Regarding the significant increase in the number of population in Irbid City-Jordan since the 1970s until nowadays and the continuous need for habitats, there was a huge number of housing projects in the inner part of the city that expanded toward the outer part including the rural areas, resulting in a huge lack of agricultural lands and open recreational spaces where people can benefit from. Those spaces form an outlet of the city connected with the inner part by a route. Establishing a greenway along the route raises the integration between people and their lands and encourages farmers to develop and harvest. According to this study, the greenway development, which forms a breath out to the highly built-up area in the city, has become a great tool to result in tremendous beneficial outcomes to the city development.

The Siberian Federal University Scientific Library is characterized as one of the key players in the university’s education and research support. Approaches toward IRBIS-based design of statistical forms are examined. The method enables to take due account of remote users data and the features of the Siberian Federal University Scientific Library’s hybrid collection. Several key statistical indicators to characterize Library’s performance within the user services cycle are discussed. The set of statistical factors used by the University administration and librarians to analyze the Library’s performance are revealed. The authors conclude that the statistical indicators have to be improved to reflect changes in the collection structure, new promising sources and new user needs and demands which will also contribute to developing new approaches in library and information services. They emphasize that the library statistical data are of valuable source for the sphere of culture as a whole, as it enables to compare organizations’ performance, to reveal newest trends, and to measure their potentiality.

The subject of this research is the funfair past and present for geocultural branding of Ural cities. The object is the geocultural potential of small historical Ural cities – Irbit and Krasnoufimsk. In the course of study it was established that in modern urban space there are noticeable creative initiatives that demonstrate an alternative vision of image of the city and its local communities (production, consumer, artistic). It is underlined that geocultural resources of the city is a fusion of particular natural-landscape and sociocultural resources that permanently “provoke” arrangement of a situation for a creative action – determination of latent capabilities of these resources and their subsequent utilization for the purpose of testing new promising suggestions, are useful for artistic self-expression, as well as mending an effective strategy for geocultural branding of the city. Solution of the indicated problems leans on the concept of geocultural branding of the city and territories in the forma that it was described in scientific writings of D. N. Zamyatin, as well as on the theory of creative city of C. Landry, namely the thesis on creative action. The scientific novelty consists in demonstration of potential application of the concept of geocultural branding to a funfair action. Shifting away from the traditional understanding of designation of funfair, its recognition as the generator of “creative energy” of the city, the center of cultural and artistic activity of the people, allows finding consensual solutions between the local authorities, business communities and creative groups.

Introduction.Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer affecting humans. Luckily it has negligible risk for metastasis; however it can be locally destructive to surrounding tissue. The diagnosis of this tumor relies on clinical and dermoscopic features; however confirmation requires biopsy and histologic examination. Based on clinical and pathologic findings, BCC is classified as low or high risk subtype. The clinician requesting pathology examination for BCC should provide the pathologist with detailed information including patient details, relevant clinical and medical history, site and type of the biopsy, and whether this is a primary or recurrent lesion. The pathologist on the other hand should write an adequate report containing a minimum of core set of parameters including type of BCC, depth of invasion, presence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and the excision margins.Objectives.The objective of this study is to evaluate whether requests by clinicians and pathology reports of BCC are adequate.Methods.This is a retrospective analysis done at the dermatology department, faculty of medicine at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Reports for the period from January 2003 to December 2017 were retrieved and analyzed for data completeness.Results.Most clinical request forms of BCC provided by clinicians are inadequate and lack important relevant information especially in regard to lesion history, patient medical history, and whether BCC is a primary or a recurrent one. Pathology reports for BCC cases also have significant deficiency especially in describing the histologic subtype, depth of invasion, and presence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion. However, the tumor excision margins are adequately described in almost all reports.Conclusions.The study shows that clinicians do not provide adequate clinical information when submitting a request for histopathologic examination of BCC. Similarly, pathologists write incomplete reports that lack important pathologic features. Having pre-set forms (electronic proforma) can help overcome missing information.

In the global effort to curb energy consumption and promote a sustainable lifestyle for our societies, we must strive to lower our energy needs in all aspects of our lives. One of the biggest contributors to our energy requirements are the buildings we spend most of our time inside. Buildings’ energy consumption can take many forms, such as, air conditioning, heating, ventilation, and lighting systems in order to create a comfortable environment for the users. One way of reducing buildings’ energy consumption is the use of renewable resource for energy. The main aim of this research is to measure and assess the public perceptions, knowledge and awareness of the concept of renewable energy, with specific regards to the use of solar photovoltaic cells, as well as investigate the desire to spend on the installation of renewable energy sources. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire applied in Irbid governorate in the north of Jordan. The statistical SPSS program was used to analyze closed-ended questionnaires and obtain numerical results based on arithmetical averages and percentages. The results show people are adequately aware of the benefits of renewable energy and most would like to have photovoltaic cells installed. However, 54.35% of the study sample live in apartments and do not have the space for the installation. 70.1% are open to the idea of sharing the solar energy system with their neighbors. 50% thought that the photovoltaic cells affected the aesthetics of the architecture style of the buildings especially the more traditional styles. It is concluded that the government needs to build a large-scale solar energy project to sustainably produce electricity instead of relying on individuals who generally lack the ability or the space for such systems, taking in note that the general public supports such concepts.

Abstract The intensive development of information systems and communication infrastructures has led to the emergence of new approaches and new tools for their management. Cloud services, virtualization technologies and software-based management tools are actively used today for building modern information systems which provides additional opportunities for managing components of these systems and for expanding such systems abilities. The use of such approaches and tools can provide a solution to the complex of problems faced by education institutions today, presenting new methods of distance learning and new forms of practical training. The balanced use of virtualization technologies and software-based control tools allows building distributed laboratory complexes of a new generation which will provide new possibilities for using the equipment that is available in educational institutions. The use of such complexes in the educational process allows not only to instill in students the skills of managing the confgura-tions of communication infrastructures that are especially relevant today, but also to organize, in addition to traditional laboratory work, new forms of contactless practical classes. When conducting such classes, students get the opportunity to fully-functional remote access to the virtual and physical components of the complex, which is especially important for organizing the educational process in modern conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.The article discusses modern approaches to the construction of software-controlled communication infrastructures, tools for software-based management of their components and also, an example of the implementation of these approaches and such tools usage in the construction of a distributed laboratory complex for a higher educational institution. The main advantages of the approach based on the use of hypervisors and emulators are presented, the experience of its deployment in the modernization of the laboratory complex for a IRIT-RTF UrFU is considered.

Breeding practice shows that soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods are submitted for the state variety testing in the F10–F11 generation. But the newly bred cultivars are not completely homozygous. The studies were related to the determination of the frequencies of formation of atypical and suitable for selection promising individuals in soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 at the central experimental base of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In the experiments, we used cultivars of our own breeding: Selena, Puma, Vita, Irbis, Bars, Barguzin and Sayana with a total age of 11–15 years from the year F1 hybrids were obtained. To confirm the practical possibility of isolating individuals differing from the phenotypic varietal norm in varietal populations, a complete examination of the crops of all studied soybean cultivars was carried out. In the fields of all cultivars, individuals were identified that differed from the varietal norm phenotypically. Mostly, the isolated individuals were distinguished by an increased plant height, a more powerful habit, an increased number of beans per plant, and resistance to lodging. The facts of the detection of atypical individuals with improved morphological traits in soybean cultivars of different ages confirm the possibility of individual selection of plants in varietal populations based on morphometric traits. The statistical dynamics of a decrease in heterozygous individuals in increasing generations in a hybrid self-pollinating population in terms of the number of paired genes, by which the parental forms can hypothetically differ, were calculated using the modified formula of S. Borojević (1984). It was found that the frequency of formation of phenotypically different individuals in varietal populations of soybeans depends on the total age of the cultivar. The frequency of the formation of morphologically different individuals decreases with an increase in the number of generations of the cultivar. Individual selection of individuals with positive phenotypic differences from the varietal norm can be recommended as an additional source of promising and practically homozygous starting material for accelerated analytical breeding of soybean.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a better understanding of the concept of Halal tourism as expressed by Muslim Jordanian tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law. The study also examines Jordan as a Halal tourism destination as perceived by those tourists. Implications of marketing Jordan as a Halal tourism destination are among the research questions. Design/methodology/approach The paper is empirical and quantitative in nature with a survey type. The sample of the study is Muslim Jordanians in the cities of Amman and Irbid. Respondents were chosen randomly in shopping malls, gardens and public places. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to collect the data for the research and 920 questionnaires were returned. The data were analysed using descriptive and reliability and explanatory factor analysis in addition to certain tests such as one sample t test and two samples chi-square tests. Findings Halal tourism in Jordan is established but needs more enhancements and promotion. Jordan was evaluated positively in 14 Halal services and was unsuccessful in ten others. The motives for Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law, to travel to Halal destinations were destinations that offer Halal-friendly services; to know Islamic religious sites; and to learn about Islamic history. Jordanian tourists were knowledgeable of local and international Halal destinations (78.2 and 67%, respectively). More than half of the sample experienced Halal destinations in Jordan and only 26.4% abroad. From a marketing point of view, the results of this study reveal good awareness of potential Jordanian tourists towards Halal tourism and Halal services. The study revealed that Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law showed significant positive motives to travel Halal tourism destinations. In addition, the study showed statistically significant knowledge and experiences in local Halal destinations, but not in foreign Halal destinations. Research limitations/implications The lack of research on Halal tourism in Jordan gives limited in-depth discussion. In addition, the study sample was chosen from two major cities in Jordan; therefore, further research is needed to include a representative sample of the whole country. Practical implications The paper includes marketing implications on Halal tourism in Jordan. The authors suggest marketing strategies should be launched to emphasise the importance of Halal tourism and marketing Jordan as Halal tourism destination. The recommendations of this study provide positive and negative results on Jordan as a Halal tourism destination. The negative evaluation of Jordan in terms of Halal services should be redressed by the Jordanian Government and the Jordanian private tourism and hospitality sectors to build a positive image of Jordan as a potential competitive Halal destination for Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law. Originality/value The paper is among the first of its kind, which empirically examined the motives of Jordanian Muslims who want to comply with the Islamic law to travel to Halal tourism destinations as well as evaluating Jordan as a Halal tourism destination. This study fills the gap in literature about Halal tourism in Jordan and presents Halal tourism as one of the alternative forms of tourism of high potential for Jordan to compete in this market segment.

SUMMARY In this second part of a two-part study of the origins of African American Vernacular English (AAVE), specific structural features of this dialect are examined and the argument is made that they arose via a process of language shift by Africans toward the white settler dialects of the southern American colonies in the 17th through 19th centuries. Essentially, the author agrees with dialec-tologists that AAVE was never itself a creole, but rather the result of partially successful acquistion of settler dialects by Africans who restructured the target in various ways. On the whole, three kinds of explanation for the structural features of AAVE are offered. First, as dialectologists have argued, certain features of AAVE such as negative copula/perfect ain't, invariant don't, negative concord etc., were simply adopted without much change from settler dialects. The same is true of certain phonological features such as the use of /n/ for /ng/ in participles and gerunds like walking and so on. Second, several features of AAVE appear to have resulted from the effects of imperfect second language learning, resulting in simplification or loss of certain morphological apparatus, for instance in the copula and auxiliary systems and in verbal and nominal inflection. This kind of simplification is quite common in cases of (untutored) second language acquisition, as well as in creole formation. Hence the tendency to view such features as 'creole', when they are not in fact uniquely creole features. Third, despite this caveat, there is strong evidence that several distinctive AÀVE features can be explained as the result of substratum 'transfer' (or retention) of creole structural and/or semantic properties. Features which can be explained in this way include negative preterite ain 't remote perfect BEEN and habitual be. Certain phonological features such as /d/ for /ð/ etc, also appear due to creole and/or African substrate influence. In some cases (e.g., variable copula absence) the effects of simplification and substratum transfer may have reinforced each other. In short, though AAVE was never itself a creole, it was created by Africans, and bears the distinctive marks of that creation. RÉSUMÉ Dans la deuxième moitié de cet article, qui traite des origines de l'anglais vernaculaire afro-américain (AVAA), l'auteur porte son attention sur les traits structuraux qui individualisent ce dialecte. Il soutient qu'ils sont apparus lors de l'assimilation linguistique des africains lorsqu'ils firent l'acquisition des dialectes des colons blancs du sud des États-Unis, du XIIe au XIXe siècle. L'auteur est en accord avec les dialectologues qui ont soutenu que l'AVAA n'a jamais été une langue creole, mais plutôt un parler que les Africains ont modifié de diverses façons en raison du fait qu'ils n'ont que partiellement réussi à s'assimiler l'ensemble du système de la langue des colons blancs. L'auteur a trois genres d'explications à offrir quant à l'origine de chacun des traits structuraux. Premièrement, en accord avec ce qu'ont soutenu les dialectologues, il soutient que certains traits, tels la forme négative/parfaite de la copule, ain't, le don't invariable et l'utilisation obligatoire de plusieurs négations dans une même proposition, proviendraient des dialectes des colons sans subir quelque modification d'importance. Il en irait de même de certains traits phonologiques, tels le remplacement de /n/ par /n/ dans les formes du participe présent et du gérondif, {walking), et ainsi de suite. Deuxièmement, certains traits de l'AVAA sembleraient provenir des effets de l'acquisition imparfaite d'une langue seconde, aboutissant à la simplification ou à la perte de certains systèmes morphologiques, par exemple celui de la copule et des auxiliaires et celui de la flexion nominale et verbale. Ce genre de simplification serait fort fréquent dans des situations d'acquisition 'sur le vif', d'une langue seconde, autant que lors de la formation des langues creoles. D'où selon l'auteur la tendance à y voir des traits 'creoles', alors qu'en fait ces traits se retrouvent également ailleurs que dans les creoles. Malgré cette mise en garde, l'auteur soutient qu'il y a de fortes raisons de croire que plusieurs traits caractéristiques de l'AVAA s'expliqueraient comme étant le résultat d'un 'transfert' (ou d'une préservation) de caractéristiques structurelles et/ou sémantiques creoles. Parmi les traits qui pourraient s'expliquer ainsi, on compte ain't, marque du prétérit négatif, BEEN, marque du parfait lointain et be, marque du fréquentatif. Certains traits phonologiques, comme par exemple le remplacement de /ð/ par /d/, et ainsi de suite, sembleraient s'expliquer par une influence creole et/ou africaine. Dans certains cas (ainsi, la possibilité de laisser tomber la copule) les effets de la simplification et du transfert de traits du substrat africain se seraient peut-être renforcés les uns les autres. En bref, selon l'auteur, bien que l'AVAA n'aurait jamais été une langue creole, c'est une langue qu'auraient créé des Africains, et on y trouverait toujours les marques distinctes de cette création. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Artikel, dem zweiten Teil einer zweiteiligen Studie über die Ur-sprünge des einheimischen Englisch der Afro-Amerikaner (EEAA), untersucht der Autor spezielle strukturelle Eigenschaften dieser Sprache. Er versucht nachzuweisen, daß sich diese strukturellen Eigenschaften aus einem ProzeB der Sprachverschiebung bei den Afro-Amerikanern in Richtung der Siedlerdialekte des kolonialen Südens der Vereinigten Staaten während des 17. und 19. Jahr-hunderts ableiten lassen. lm wesentlichen stimmt er überein mit dem von den Dialektologen bezogenen Standpunkt, daB das EEAA niemals ein Kreol v/ar, sondern daB es das Ergebnis eines nur teilweise erfolgreichen Erwerbs der Siedlerdialekte durch die Afrikaner ist. Diese partiell erworbenen Siedlerdialekte wurden dann auf verschiedene Weise von den Afrikanern verändert. Ins-gesamt präsentiert er drei Erklärungsansätze für die charakteristischen strukturellen Eigenschaften des EEAA. Erstens, wie schon von den Dialektologen festgestellt, wurden bestimmte Eigenschaften des EEAA, wie die negierte Ko-pula/das negierte Perfekt ain't, das unveränderliche dont, die negative Kon-gruenz, usw, direkt und ohne wesentliche Veränderungen aus den Siedlerdia-lekten übernommen. Das gleiche gilt auch für bestimmte phonologische Eigenschaften, wie der Gebrauch von /ng/ anstelle von /n/ in Partizipien und Gerun-dien wie walking, usw. Zweitens scheinen einige Eigenschaften des EEAA das Resultat eines unvollständigen Erwerbs der Siedlerdialekte zu sein, was zur Vereinfachung oder zum vollstandigen Verlust bestimmter morphologischer Eigenschaften geführt hat, wie zum Beispiel die Veränderungen innerhalb des Kopular- und Auxiliarsystems und in der Verbal- und Nominalflektion. Diese Art Vereinfachung tritt häufig beim ungelenkten Zweitspracherwerb auf, sowie bei der Kreolgenese, was erklärt, warum solche Eigenschaften fälschlich als typisch für Kreole angesehen werden. Drittens gibt es eindeutige Hinweise, daB einige für das EEAA charakteristische Eigenschaften das Ergebnis von Substrattransfer (oder Erhalt) sind. So zum Beispiel das negative Präteritum ain't, das entfernte Perfekt been und das habituelle be. Phonologische Eigenschaften wie der Gebrauch von /d/ anstelle von /ð/ scheinen ebenso von einem Kreol bzw. einem afrikanischm Substrat beeinfluBt. In bestimmten Fallen (so zum Beispiel die variable Abwesenheit der Kopula) scheint es, daB sich die Ergebnisse von Vereinfachung und Transfer aus dem Substrat wechselseitig bestarkt haben. Zusammenfassend läßt sich also feststellen, daB das EEAA nicht von einem Kreol abstammt, sondern von Afrikanern erschaffen worden ist und deutliche Merkmale dieses Kreationsprozesses aufweist.

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