Academic literature on the topic 'Iraq War'

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Journal articles on the topic "Iraq War":

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Byrne, Malcolm. "The Iran–Iraq War." Iranian Studies 46, no. 4 (July 2013): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2013.784533.

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Kovtun V.A., Supotnitskiy M. V. "Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). 2. Combat Use of Chemical Weapons." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 3, no. 2 (2019): 150–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-2-150-174.

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The Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988) was the result of the geopolitical situation in the Middle East after the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979. Certain longstanding territorial disputes and the absence of mutually recognized state border between the rivalry countries were among the direct pretexts of the war. At the same time neither Iraq, nor Iran were ready to serious war, both did not want it in such scales, and they did not possess chemical weapons (CW). During the war, Iraq enjoyed broad international support. At the same time, revolutionary Iran turned into a pariah state. By 1983, Iraq began to suffer a defeat from Iran, which possessed considerable human resources. Because of that certain Western countries helped Iraq (on the paid basis) to start its own CW program and the industrial production of chemical agents and munitions. Gradually CW became an integral part of the offensive and defensive operations, planned by the Iraqi command. Due to the technologies, equipment and chemicals, supplied by certain foreign, mainly Western firms, Iraq was able to start the industrial production of mustard gas, tabun and sarin/cyclosarin, as well as to start the synthesis of VX. During the war, CW turned from purely defensive into offensive means of warfare. The war ended as chemical. In 1988 all the operations, which led to the end of the war, were carried out by Iraq with the use of CW. At the same time, the war revealed certain weaknesses of chemical protection means, possessed by both sides. Thus, it appeared to be impossible to sort effectively the wounded and affected by CW during the medical evacuation phase. The existing decontamination means turned out to be ineffective in case of mass arrival of the affected into hospitals. Because of that, the secondary contamination of medical stuff took place even in Western hospitals. The protective equipment against blister agents, used by NATO countries, turned out to be insufficient in case of use of «dry yperite» by the Iraqis. The accepted schemes of treatment of the affected by tabun also showed their inefficiency. As we find out, the experience of the Iran-Iraq chemical war is studied actively in the West up to now
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Mcknight, Sean. "The forgotten war: The Iraqi army and the Iran‐Iraq war." Small Wars & Insurgencies 2, no. 1 (April 1991): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592319108422972.

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Robins, Philip. "Iran and Iraq at war." International Affairs 65, no. 1 (1988): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621055.

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Sadda, R. S. "Maxillofacial war injuries during the Iraq–Iran War." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 32, no. 2 (April 2003): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ijom.2002.0285.

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Lepkov, A. V. "Saddam Hussein's Chemical Weapons: on the Issue of United States Awareness in the 1980s." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (206) (July 6, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-2-62-70.

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The article examines the level of awareness of US officials regarding the Iraqi program for the production of chemical weapons as well as its use before 1988. Both in Russian and foreign historiography, the issue of Iraq's chemical weapons and the United States relationship with the government of Saddam Hussein during the Iran-Iraq war is either considered superficially or becomes only an aspect of more general and extensive research topics. The period of 1980-1988 was marked by active USA-Iraqi cooperation in order to exert pressure on Iran. It is proved that during this period, Washington was fully aware of the development and use of chemical weapons by Iraq from the first incidents, even before the issue was brought to the level of the UN Security Council. It was not profitable for the United States to promote the dissemination of information discrediting an ally in the fight against Iran. World`s attention to the use of chemical weapons was drawn only after the end of the Iran-Iraq war.
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Kovtun V.A., Supotnitskiy M. V. "Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). 1. Iraq Preparing for Chemical War." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 3, no. 1 (2019): 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-1-40-64.

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The Iraqis became the first nation to use chemical weapons on the modern battlefield during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). There are no general reviews and research available on this issue in Russian. It also puts the Russian researchers in an unequal position in comparison with their Western and Middle Eastern colleagues, who have such information from a wide range of sources. This lack of knowledge limits our ability to understand the secret mechanisms that trigger modern chemical wars in the Middle East. The analysis in the present study is based on different Western sources, UN and CIA materials. The article shows that Iraq – a third world country with the population of 16,3 million people in 1980-ies and relatively low educational level – could start its chemical weapons program only due to the Western aid and assistance (supplies of the precursors, technologies and technical documentation, education of specialists, diplomatic support ect). Only due to this assistance the Iraqi`s chemical weapons program could become successful. The industrial production of chemical agents and chemical munitions of various tactical purposes was established by the Iraqis in less than 10 years. By the end of the 1980-ies, the Iraqi chemists laid the foundations of the future research in the sphere of toxic chemicals. The industrial base for the production of CW have also been established. For Russia, the success of the Iraq`s chemical weapons program is a warning. It means that technically backward, but oil rich quasi-state can acquire chemical weapons in a few years with the clandestine support of the same «sponsors», and use it both for provocations and for conducting combat operations in the regions, vital for Russia`s interests.
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Wang, Bo. "The Iraq War and the New Iran-Iraq Relations." Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) 1, no. 1 (March 2007): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19370679.2007.12023104.

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Farhadi, Ramin. "Wartime Propaganda and Gender in Ahmad Mahmoud’s The Scorched Earth: A Dissident Reading." Text Matters, no. 10 (November 24, 2020): 460–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.10.26.

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The Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) has been the subject of many aesthetic productions in contemporary Persian literature. The Iranian mass media during the war with Iraq described the armed conflict as holy and masculine, and propagated the replacement of the word “war” with “sacred defense” to urge authors to write within this established framework and reflect the ideals of the State. Opposed to such an ideological view of the war, the prominent Iranian novelist Ahmad Mahmoud began to express dissent in his works of fiction such as The Scorched Earth (1982). This study, therefore, analyzes Mahmoud’s scope of dissidence toward wartime propaganda and gender in the above mentioned novel to articulate how Mahmoud raises important questions regarding the State’s view of war and the established gender norms in Iran at war. It uses cultural materialist dissident reading and textual analysis to study Mahmoud’s contempt for wartime propaganda through the text’s portrayal of desperate people in Khorramshahr in the southwest of Iran caught between Iraqi airstrikes and artillery fires, and domestic problems including inflation, looting and mismanagement.
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Adhraa AbdulHussein Naser, Dr. "Iraq Wars: From A literary text to Social Context." لارك 3, no. 46 (June 30, 2022): 45–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol3.iss46.2548.

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This article investigates Iraq wars presentation in literature and media. The first section investigates the case of the returnees from the war and their experience, their trauma and final presentation of that experience. The article also investigates how trauma and fear is depicted to create an optimized image and state of fear that could in turn show Iraqi society as a traumatized society. Critics such as Suzie Grogan believes that the concept of trauma could expand to influence societies rather than one individual after exposure to trauma of being involved in wars and different major conflicts. This is reflected in Iraq as a country that was subjected to six comprehensive conflicts in its recent history, i.e. less than half a century; these are the Iraq-Iran war, the first Gulf war, the economic sanctions, the second Gulf war 2003, the civil war, and the wars of liberation against ISIS. The second section investigates Franco Moretti's theory of the Dialectic of Fear and the implication of this hypothesis of stereotyping on the Iraq war and its transformation from an anomaly expressed issue in the media and creative texts to a social reality that is measured by presenting what is not acceptable as an acceptable pattern in the case of war and shock between Iraq and the wars that took place in the west, and the extent of its impact on the protraction of the state of social trauma suffered by Iraqis, who are still suffering under the effects of prolonged political conflicts even after the end of military field conflicts. The research sheds the light on studies such as the Dialectic of Fear by Franco Moretti, Risk Society by Ulrich Beck and Oh My God: Diaries of American Soldiers in Mesopotamia edited and translated by Buthaina Al-Nasiri. Key words: Iraqi war, trauma, risk society, social context, stereotyping.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iraq War":

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Workman, W. Thom. "The social origins of the Iran-Iraq war /." Boulder (Colo.) ; London : L. Rienner publ, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374585518.

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Cass, Stephen John Robert. "The US takes sides : US policy towards Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386486.

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Brewer, Joshua J. "Iraq, Reconsidered." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/27.

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This paper sets itself upon analyzing the Iraq War of 2003 through the lens of modern Just War Theory. We will begin with a curt summary of Iraq’s history, focusing particularly on its determinedly odious leader, Saddam Hussein. Thereon, we will be analyzing a pro-war security argument, the aim of which is to assess the threat of Hussein’s weaponry ambitions and what that threat meant to the world. Next, we will be going over the tenets of Just War Theory itself, tracing its history from Rome to the modern doorstep, and applying the security argument to its dictum. Afterwards, we move into the anti-war segment and shall unpack the subject of Iraq's oil resources and whether or not the United States' actions disqualify the intervention from achieving Just War status. Then, our next section shall be addressing the same question of potential disqualification, only this time from the angle of the war’s questionable legality. Finally, we shall conclude on the ultimate query of this paper: was the U.S. decision to intervene in 2003’s Iraq compatible with the modern principles of Just War Theory?
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Romaya, Bassam. "Philosophizing War: Arguments in the War on Iraq." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/78961.

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Philosophy
Ph.D.
I set out to analyze four main philosophical arguments which have dominated the Iraq war debate. Each of these arguments has been used by philosophers to varying degrees to assess the circumstances surrounding the war. The discussions customarily focused on four key issues: just war theory, humanitarian intervention, democratization, and preventive war. In each case, I examine the argument's methods, shortcomings, and implications, to conclude that each fails to satisfactorily address, explain, or elucidate the highly controversial war. I argue that we simply cannot rely on a meager set of arguments to provide us with greater insight or genuine understanding of this war, as well as new or postmodern wars more generally. First, arguments that focus on the just war tradition overlook key events and underemphasize developments that have effectively eroded the tradition's defining concepts, such as the distinctions between combatant/noncombatant, states/non-states, victories/defeats, armies/non-state or non-nation actors. Second, theoretical analyses are routinely misappropriated or misapplied; this is especially evident in calls for humanitarian intervention, implemented for past harms committed, using backward-causing logic intended to make up for past inaction, rather than halting ongoing or imminent harm. Third, the focus on forcible democratization overlooks the high probability for failure in such pursuits and readily dismisses moral, legal, economic, educational, and cultural obstacles to democratic national building. Fourth, arguments which focus on preventive war suffer from similar problems encountered with the previous three, especially since it is unclear that the event could be characterized as a case of preventive war. The relationship between belligerent state and target state was not one in which the target state posed a future or distant threat to the belligerent state. Collectively, the arguments err in their uncritical acceptance of methodological analyses that have no genuine application to the matter at issue; that is, each misunderstands the nature of new or postmodern wars and clings to concepts relevant to modern wars, which do not factor in developments such as non-state actors, the spread of global capitalism, economic and cultural globalization, strategic objectives or military preeminence, imperialist aims or empire-building.
Temple University--Theses
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Nazemi, Nader. "War and state making in revolutionary Iran /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10766.

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El-Shazly, Nadia El-Sayed. "The tanker war : political objectives and military strategy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307311.

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Lemon, Michele. "The use of Islam as propaganda in the Iran-Iraq War /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65960.

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Chandler, Jennifer Frances. "No Man's Land : representations of masculinities in Iran-Iraq war fiction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/no-mans-land-representations-of-masculinities-in-iraniraq-war-fiction(dc41fbf5-07cf-40d6-9b26-398f06087011).html.

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This study offers an exploration of masculinity in both Iraqi and Iranian fiction which holds the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) as its major theme. Representations of masculinities in Iran-Iraq War fiction present a deep, and at times, confounding paradox. Whilst this corpus of war fiction at times deeply challenges hegemony and completely reformulates its own definitions of normative codes of manliness, at other times it strictly conforms to chauvinistic and often profoundly oppressive patterns of male behaviour. By relating these works of fiction to their wider social and political context, the aim of this study is to recognise and nuance the relationship between representations of masculinities, and literary depictions of the nation at war. Theoretically grounded in reformulations of the concept of hegemonic masculinity, the study also reflects the work of Joseph Massad, as it attempts to contextualise a body of fiction which employs representations of masculinities as part of wider socio-political allegories. As such this study treats masculinity as a complex phenomenon fraught with ambivalence, operating within particular historical and political contexts, whose subjects are often empowered and oppressed in equal measure. By relating these representations to wider social and political contexts, this study seeks to recognise and nuance the relationship between representations of masculinities and the role which the nation plays in literature, in particularly, when war is the over-arching theme. It is within the context of war, when masculinity is often proposed to be at its most simple, that it is proven to be at its most complex as age, class and political affiliations become defining factors in the pursuit of hegemony and therefore what constitutes hegemonic masculinity. By comparing two national literatures participating in the same conflict, this study reveals the close socio-political dynamic which exists between gender, literature and the so-called constructed “reality” of nation which they purport to represent. Accordingly this study showcases a corpus of work which speaks to a larger literary canon systematically ignored in studies of Persian and Arabic literature. Through in-depth readings of eight works of fiction, published between 1982 and 2003, this study investigates representations of masculinity in both an Iranian and Iraqi context. This thesis is a riposte to common assumptions that literary canon which constitutes Iran-Iraq War is purely associated with state-sponsored narratives, and instead sheds light on a subtle body of fiction which offers a complex account of war and its effect on society.
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Mooney, Michael J. "Live from the battlefield : an examination of embedded war correspondents' reporting during Operation Iraqi Freedom (21 March-14 April 2003) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMooney.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resource Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Alice Crawford, Gail Fann Thomas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-170). Also available online.
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Kadhum, Oula. "Diasporic interventions : state-building in Iraq following the 2003 Iraq war." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/93250/.

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This study addresses how the UK and the Swedish Iraqi diaspora mobilised towards state-building in Iraq following the 2003 US led intervention. It explores why some diaspora mobilised towards state-building processes through institution-building and governance while others through civil society. While the literature has explored diasporic development and peace-building, it has not systematically addressed diaspora mobilisation for state-building. Neither has it paid sufficient attention to the factors that shape diasporic political choices in intervention and conflict settings. My thesis contributes to this body of literature and argues that an overlooked dimension of state-building, is that of civil society. State-building involves top-down approaches of institution-building but also bottom-up approaches of participatory politics that encourage democratic practices. I thus develop a new two-category operationalization of state-building to capture the interventions and transnational fields of different diaspora groups and individuals. My findings show that during different time periods, three factors have shaped the mobilisation of the UK and Swedish Iraqi diaspora towards state-building; diaspora profiles, hostland foreign policies towards the homeland and links to homeland political parties in Iraq. Theoretically these findings demonstrate that diaspora's socio-economic profiles and networks are key to understanding the type of politics that diaspora can engage in. Meanwhile, hostland foreign policies can shape diasporic interventions by creating different relationships with homelands and thus different opportunities for engagement. Furthermore, in divided societies, diaspora connected to homeland political parties, or represented by them, are more likely to be involved in the apparatus of the state, where as those excluded are more likely to engage outside the structures of power through civil society. Finally, my study demonstrates that temporal vii dimensions are crucial for understanding, which factors mattered, when and why. Empirically, this thesis also contributes original knowledge about the UK and Swedish Iraqi diaspora. It sheds new light into the myriad ways that diaspora in these two countries have been attempting to rebuild the country after the 2003 intervention by illustrating their efforts and experiences, and how it has informed their current relationship to Iraq.

Books on the topic "Iraq War":

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E, McCuen Gary, ed. Iran Iraq war. Hudson, Wis: G.E. McCuen, 1987.

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Sreedhar. Iraq-Iran war. New Delhi: ABC Pub. House, 1985.

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Sreedhar. Iraq-Iran war. New Delhi: ABC Pub. House, 1985.

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United States. Dept. of State. Bureau of Public Affairs, ed. Iran-Iraq war. [Washington, D.C.?]: Bureau of Public Affairs, Dept. of State, 1985.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Iran-Iraq war. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1988.

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United States. Dept. of State. Bureau of Public Affairs, ed. Iran-Iraq war. [Washington, D.C.?]: Bureau of Public Affairs, Dept. of State, 1985.

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Robert, Johnson. The Iran-Iraq War. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Johnson, Rob. The Iran-Iraq War. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8.

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Karsh, Efraim, ed. The Iran-Iraq War. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20050-4.

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Souresrafil, Behrouz. The Iran-Iraq war. Plainview, NY: Guinan Lithographic Co., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iraq War":

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Rasheed, Amjed. "Iran-Iraq War." In Power and Paranoia in Syria-Iraq Relations, 49–66. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003344889-7.

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Hiro, Dilip. "The Iran-Iraq War." In Iran and the Arab World, 42–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22538-5_4.

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O’Ballance, Edgar. "The Iran-Iraq War." In The Kurdish Struggle 1920–94, 123–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377424_9.

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Tripp, Charles. "The Consequences of the Iran-Iraq War for Iraqi Politics." In The Iran-Iraq War, 58–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20050-4_5.

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El-Shibiny, Mohamed. "World War with Terrorism." In Iraq, 17–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107731_2.

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Davidson, Jason W. "Iraq." In America's Allies and War, 133–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118485_6.

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El-Shibiny, Mohamed. "Is the Iraq War Justified?" In Iraq, 25–44. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107731_3.

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Johnson, Rob. "Introduction." In The Iran-Iraq War, 3–11. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8_1.

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Johnson, Rob. "The Failure of Strategy: Iranian Offensives and Iraqi Counter-offensives, 1987–88." In The Iran-Iraq War, 151–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8_10.

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Johnson, Rob. "Fuelling the Flames: Gulf Operations, 1987–88." In The Iran-Iraq War, 164–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iraq War":

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Xian, Di, Anlai Sun, and Xinjiang Zheng. "Analyzing the dust storm in Iraq using meteorological satellite data during the Iraq war." In Remote Sensing of the Environment: 15th National Symposium on Remote Sensing of China, edited by Qingxi Tong, Wei Gao, and Huadong Guo. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.682165.

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Tiedemann, K. H. "Modeling Determinants of Civilian Deaths in the Iraq War." In Modelling, Identification, and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.675-008.

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Zaid, A. M., and D. L. Whitman. "Oil Supply and Demand Analysis: A Price Forecast for the Post-Iran-Iraq War Period." In SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/18916-ms.

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عزيز داخل, سعد. "Gulf concerns about the development of the situation in Iraq during the events of 1991." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/59.

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" Summary: The situation in Iraq after the events of the first Gulf War witnessed developments that contributed to the emergence of fears among the Arab Gulf states about the situation in Iraq, as the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and the coming of foreign forces to the Arabian Gulf and Iranian interference in the region raised fears of those events that took place in the region, so I worked The Gulf states should pay attention to ensuring its regional security and changing its policy towards the situation in Iraq, after it supported the fall of the regime. "
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Abdalhusein Almtlak, Asmar. "The genocide crimes of ISIS gangs in Iraq 2014-2017." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/41.

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During the period confined between 2014-2017, the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took control of a number of important cities in Iraq, and the organization led a wide campaign of violence and systematic violations of human rights and international law, which amounts to war crimes and crimes against humanity. 0 The Iraqi people were subjected to the largest brutal crime in the history of humanity when these terrorist elements targeted women, children, civilians and minorities, as well as religion and belief, and committed many crimes of genocide against them.
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TALATTOF, KAMRAN. "THE WAR WITH IRAQ AND ITS CONNECTIONS TO THE WAR ON TERRORISM: THE PROBLEMS OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY." In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 29th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704184_0012.

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فهد حسين, محمد. "Forced displacement in Iraq 1990-2003." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/63.

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"Summary of research / forced displacement in Iraq 1990- 2003 Prof. Dr. Muhammad Fahad Al-Qaisi College of Education for Human Sciences / University of Wasit mfahad@uowasit.edu.iq 07706925308 The process of forced displacement is one of the most severe cases that a person or group can be exposed to, and its cruelty may be equivalent to the death penalty, because it represents a moral death for all the values, ties and belonging of the human soul, and it strips man of his relationship with his homeland and all kinds of decent living, and makes him A homeless being without affiliation and communication, and the consequent economic, political and even moral problems affecting the individual or the group. In view of the peculiarity of the nineties of the last century for Iraq, as it witnessed the most violent war that Iraq witnessed after its invasion of Kuwait and the subsequent political and social disintegration and economic hardship. Many cases of forced displacement in which Iraq was a party in one way or another have been noted. Forced displacement of his people, in addition to the presence of population groups that were forcibly displaced to him, with the addition of an important matter, which is the return of those who were forcibly displaced in his lands or to his lands. The research aimed to discuss all these matters and on a number of themes, namely: The first axis: cases of forced displacement of the Iraqi people The second axis: cases of forced displacement of other peoples who passed through Iraq The third axis: cases of return of the forcibly displaced We sincerely hope that we have contributed regarding the danger of the phenomenon of forced displacement, and the fairness of its victims with regard to their inherent rights that prevent their deportation from their areas of origin in any way. "
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Szema, Anthony M., Niha Qamar, Rabail Razi, Laurie Levine, Todd Rueb, and Tom Zimmerman. "A Novel Model Of Iraq War Lung Injury: Peribronchiolar Airway Inflammation In Mice Treated With Burn Pit Dust From Iraq." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6790.

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9

ابراهيم عزيز حسين, لمى. "Genocide in Halabja." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/8.

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Abstract:
"Halabja: It is an Iraqi city located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, near the Iranian border, about 8-10 miles away, 150 miles away from Baghdad and located in the southeast of the city of Sulaymaniyah. It is one of the important cities that contains many mosques, shrines and shrines. In 1985, this city was subjected to the former regime's aerial bombardment, where more than 450 Kurdish villages were bombed, 300 citizens executed within one month, and internationally prohibited chemical weapons were used. The Iraqi regime’s violations of human rights continued to reach their climax in 1988, which was known as the Halabja events, which will be the subject of our research, the Halabja massacre, which took place at the end of the first Gulf War or what is known as the Iran-Iraq war from 16-17 March 1988, the killing of Kurdish civilians and the use of chemical weapons against them and the effects of a war The first Gulf and the breach of the international treaty through the use of chemical weapons that are banned internationally, as well as international reports on human rights violations in Halabja, which left about 5,000 martyrs, most of whom are residents of the region, and we will also clarify who is responsible for the events of Halabja, and the truth can be highlighted through documents and evidence The editorial in the Halabja case, where these documents included information about chemical weapons in handwriting and not in a printer to evade responsibility. The document talks about the production and accumulation of chemical agents by the former regime and the intention of the former regime to strike them when necessary, in addition to other documents that we will address through the research, There is also an appendix with the names of a number of companies involved in supplying the government at that time with unconventional weapons, including missile weapons and other weapons Chemical materials and advanced technology, and this is very clear in the violation of human rights by extremely barbaric repressive methods and means, and northern Iraq has become the scene of these crimes that have been circulated between international press agencies and television screens, articles, photos and documentaries expressing the horror of the calamity and the magnitude of the tragedy. Well-known international documents and documents and what Halabja has been exposed to are classified within the concept of genocide wars. This type of war is not attended by all international laws and segments only, but also the simplest rules of behavior and human and civilized interaction between people belonging to the human race. We will also show the issue of Halabja in the corridors of the Iraqi Parliament, which was during the session on 7/3/2011 of the second electoral cycle, the first legislative year, the second legislative term in the Iraqi Council of Representatives, held in Baghdad, by submitting a proposal to the Council of Representatives regarding the position of the House of Representatives regarding the crime of bombing Halabja with chemical weapons. In conclusion, I hope you will like this summary."
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Jahjah, Dr Munzer, Prof Carlo Ulivieri, Prof Antonio Invernizzi, and Arch Roberto Parapetti. "Archaeological remote sensing application pre-post war situation of Babylon archaeological site - Iraq." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-b1.4.01.

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Reports on the topic "Iraq War":

1

Trafton, Dwight, and Mike Isherwood. Saddam and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441580.

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Torrez, Karla, and Vincent Difronzo. The Iran-Iraq War: Exceeding Means. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441679.

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Rokosz, Ronald F. Clausewitz and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207262.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C., II Johnson, and Douglas V. Lessons Learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232451.

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Cramer, Joseph F. Operational Insights of Iraq Gleamed from the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236758.

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Bucknam, Mark, and Frank Esquivel. Saddam Hussein and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441842.

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Naff, Thomas. Gulf Security and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229581.

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Russell, James A., and James J. Wirtz. Preventive War against Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525423.

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Alaaldin, Ranj. Proxy War in Iraq. VT Publishing, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/proxy-wars-alaaldin.

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Jensen, Kurtis, and Matthew Klunder. Saddam Hussein's Grand Strategy During the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441658.

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To the bibliography