Journal articles on the topic 'Iran – Tehran'
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Milani, Mohsen M. "Iran, the Status Quo Power." Current History 104, no. 678 (January 1, 2005): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2005.104.678.30.
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Iran appears ready to discuss the future of Iraq as well as other security issues with the United States. It remains uncertain for Tehran whether a ‘tactical consensus’ on Iraq could … lead to a marked improvement in US-Iran relations.
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Yakubovich, Azimov Habibullo. "HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE OF IRAQ- IRAN RELATIONS." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue05-09.
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From the 1968 Baath Party coup to the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, relations between Baghdad and Tehran have never been good-neighborly or normal. Therefore, the overthrow of Saddam Hussein can be considered as one of the turning points in Iran-Iraq relations. This article elaborates on the Iraq-Iran relationship and the ethnic, religious, sectarian and external forces that influence it.
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Zietlow, Nina. "The Politics of Monumentalizing Trauma: Visual Use of Martyrdom in the Memorialization of the Iraq-Iran War." Review of Middle East Studies 54, no. 1 (June 2020): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2020.11.
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This poster focuses on three mediums of commemoration: the monument, the memorial, and the museum as tools of state-sanctioned memory creation, and thereby spaces for politicized rituals of memory which further state-building projects. Specifically, during and after The Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) the al-Shaheed Monument (1983), and the Victory Arch (1989) in Baghdad and the Martyrs’ Museum (1996) in Tehran functioned as politically strategic representations of collective trauma. Both the Ba'ath party in Iraq and the emerging Islamic Republic in Iran used these sites to render and politicize memories of violence and loss. Despite obvious differences, the projects in Baghdad and Tehran appealed to a need to address national trauma while bolstering idealized images of statehood. The Ba'athist party under Saddam Hussein capitalized on the collective trauma of the Iraq-Iran war to further a hegemonic Sunni identity, which was both religious and political. The use of immense scale, vulgar displays of power, and Islamic imagery in both the al-Shaheed Monument and Victory Arch linked Sunni and Ba'athist causes and allowed Hussein to characterize the Iran-Iraq War as a sacred project of national and religious vindication. Similarly, the Martyrs’ Museum in Tehran constructs a specific version of history using motifs of the Battle of Karbala, Imam Husayn, martyr and civilian deaths, and blood to tie Iranian national identity to ritualized Shia martyrdom. The Martyrs’ Museum parallels the religification of national identity as seen in Iraq, and configures death as a public, religiopolitical act. Despite Ba'athist Iraq's secular self-image, the strategic harnessing of trauma both Iraq and Iran demonstrates a constructed connection between political state hegemony, religious practice, and rituals of grief. In these ways, state propagated imagery through physical commemorations of the Iran-Iraq War furthered the political – and resulting religious – sectarian divide in the official positions of the two nations.
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Zavada, Ya, and O. Tsebenko. "IRAN-IRAQ RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(53) (July 8, 2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2022.1(53).261111.
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The article analyzes Iran-Iraq relations in the context of regional security. It has been studied that the eight-year Iran-Iraq war became the most bloody and destructive armed conflict of the second half of the XX century. It is worth noting that the beginning of the war caused rivalry: ethnic and religious, political and economic, ideological and personal. Also, the struggle for leadership in the region played a special role. It is established that the USA intervention in Iraq in 2003 changed the geopolitical conditions not only in this country, but in the region as a whole. Although the IRI did not support the USA military operation and condemned it, the invasion of Iraq was in Iran’s interests. After all, the overthrow of Hussein’s regime eliminated one of the main threats to Iran’s national security and, as a result, contributed to the development of bilateral relations. Iran has close relations with the Shiite government in Iraq. Tehran’s foreign policy strategy in the neighboring state is to unite Iraqi Shiite parties to strengthen Shiite rule in Baghdad. It was found that the Iraqi authorities have not formed a unified position on the development of Iran’s nuclear program, because society is divided into supporters of Iran and its opponents. Typically, Shiites who actively support Tehran want to cooperate with it and, accordingly, support the development of Iran’s nuclear program, the signing of the JCPOA, and thus criticize the change in USА policy toward Tehran and the withdrawal from the nuclear deal. At the present stage, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq are actively developing bilateral cooperation and cooperating in many areas, primarily security, economic and political.
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Bobkin, Nikolay. "The Iranian-American competition in Iraq: the political defeat of the United States." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015847-8.
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The article gives an assessment of Iran's policy in neighboring Iraq during the years of the American occupation. The author's scientific hypothesis is that after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, Iran, and not America, became the real beneficiary of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Iranian leadership, interested in changing the Baathist regime in Baghdad, having received such a strategic gift, did everything to use the US military presence to its advantage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of expanding Iran's influence in Iraq and its impact on US policy. The article shows that the nature of Iran's influence in Iraq included all the elements of state power: diplomatic, informational, military and economic. It is concluded that Tehran managed to take advantage of the democratic reforms in Iraq, which were carried out under the control of Washington. Iran used its Shiite henchmen, which gave it a political advantage over the United States, which did not have such influential allied forces in Iraq. Despite the disparate balance of military forces with America, Iran managed to avoid the risk of war with the United States and move on to achieving its long-term goals in Iraq. In the future, Tehran plans to achieve the rejection of Baghdad from constructive relations with Washington.
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Mossaki, Nodar Z., and Lana M. Ravandi-Fadai. "Dzhemshid Giunashvili: Georgian from Tehran." Orientalistica 1, no. 3-4 (December 28, 2018): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2018-1-3-4-539-552.
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The article deals with the biography and scholarly achievements of the outstanding Georgian scholar of Iran Dzhemshid Giunashvili (d. 2017). The authors have placed the life of Dzh. Giunashvili into the broad context of the Oriental Studies as scholarly subject in the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet Georgia. Being a Georgian by birth Dzh. Giunashvili also belonged to the culture of Iran; Persian was hismother tongue. This fact contributed to the outstanding position, which he took evenamong the Great Soviet specialists and scholars of Iran in the 20th century. Later in life,Dzh. Giunashvili became the first Georgian Ambassador to Iran.
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Rasoulian, M., S. Habib, J. Bolhari, M. Hakim Shooshtari, M. Nojomi, and Sh Abedi. "Risk Factors of Domestic Violence in Iran." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/352346.
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Objectives.In this study, we have evaluated the lifetime and past-year prevalence of exposure to physical violence among married women in the city of Tehran and urban and rural areas of Hashtgerd.Methods.The target population were noninstitutionalized female citizens, aged 15 years or older, who have at least one history of marriage and who resided in the capital city of Tehran or Hashtgerd County from the summer of 2008 to fall of 2010. We used a multistage sampling method. Tehran’s District Six, a central district in Tehran, was selected as a representative cluster of all municipal districts in Tehran. A total of fifty blocks were randomly selected from this district, from which 1,000 married women aged 15 years or older were interviewed using a cross-sectional design. Data was gathered face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence, past-year prevalence, and related factors of domestic violence were measured. SPSS version 11.5 was used for the analyses.Results.Figures for lifetime prevalence and past-year prevalence were measured to be 38.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The independent effects of marital status and location and type of residency for women, along with education and smoking habits of their spouses, were statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusion.Domestic violence is a public health concern in Iran. Based on our findings, we propose that empowering women through education, and improving their ability to find employment and income, along with increasing public awareness of human rights issues through education could lower the prevalence of domestic violence.
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MAHDAVI-MAZDEH, Mitra, Mozafar ZAMANI, Mahnaz ZAMYADI, Hamid RAJOLANI, Keyvan TAJBAKHSH, Alireza HEIDARY ROUCHI, Mahammad AGHIGHI, and Azita MAHDAVI. "Hemodialysis cost in Tehran, Iran." Hemodialysis International 12, no. 4 (October 2008): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4758.2008.00313.x.
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Ram, Haggai. "Yeme Tehran / Israel neged Iran." Iranian Studies 46, no. 4 (July 2013): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2013.784536.
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Afsahhosseini, Fatemehalsadat. "Forecasting housing units in Iran." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-06-2018-0041.
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Purpose The theory of competitiveness of cities is based on Porter’s Diamond Theory. There is a relation between housing and urban competitiveness. The adequacy of land supply and allocation of land for new housing development is integral. This paper aims to estimate the required number of housing units to secure housing needs in Tehran for the next four years in 1400 H.Sh (2021 A.D.). The research methodology is carried out using qualitative and quantitative approaches based on the given data. First, the population of Tehran in 1400 H.Sh was predicted using nonlinear quadratic polynomial, Gompertz and logistic models. Then, a Logistic model is proposed to estimate the number of housing units in Tehran. The calculations of residential units related to the population obtained from the Gompertz model equivalent to 663141 is suggested as a criterion for local authority to future decision making and planning for urban development. Design/methodology/approach The present research is an applied research in terms of the purpose a descriptive research in terms of the nature and methodology and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of attitude and approach toward the research problem (Hafeznia, 2013, 58, 63 and 71). To provide the required information for the analytical stage, a documentary method, related to the use of internal and external books and papers, has been applied. First, the population of Tehran in 1400 H.Sh is estimated using three nonlinear models of quadratic polynomials, Gompertz and logistic. Then, among them, the options that were more consistent with the estimation of the new comprehensive plan of Tehran (1386 H.Sh), which is the most important plan of this city, were chosen. After that, by using the logistic model, which is an appropriate expression of saturable phenomena and a suitable method of estimating the number of residential units in a city and based on the past trend, the future of housing is predicted, and the number of required residential units is determined. Findings Any city for competitiveness must seek the search and development of a set of unique strategies and practices that will shape its status from other cities. No single action for all cities is feasible. In fact, the most important challenge is to propose a unique value proposition and to formulate a strategy that distinguishes that city from the rest. Among the measures taken around the world is attention to infrastructure. From the point of view of competitiveness, different types of investment in infrastructure are important for different types of cities and in different stages of development of a city. Large cities need targeted investments in housing issues to overcome the segments associated with the poorer neighborhoods. Without investment in desirable housing, there will be holes in competitive advantage. In this paper, the number of residential units in Tehran was projected for 2021. The city’s population was originally estimated for 2021. In addition to the models used to predict and estimate necessary, it is necessary to consider the area, land use map, future development lines and […] city. To this end, the city can continue to meet the needs of residents’ diversification and the city’s needs. We cannot accept any predictions about the population and, consequently, the number of residential units. Providing predictions can provide the most predictive, or more prudent, and different scenarios that can emerge, which will lead to flexibility in the presentation of plans and programs. Among the models that were used to predict the population, the result obtained from second-order polynomial and Gompartz models was found to be appropriate for the estimation of the new comprehensive design of Tehran (2007). But the prediction of the population of the logistic model was beyond the prediction of the new comprehensive plan of Tehran (2007) and thus was not considered appropriate. The number of residential units required according to the predicted population of the second order polynomial models, Gompartz and the population considered in the new comprehensive plan of Tehran (2007). After the finalization of the proposed population, using the logistic model, the number of residential units needed in Tehran was projected for 2021. Since these three estimates are somewhat close to each other, it is suggested that Gompertz model calculations, equivalent to 663,141 residential units, are proposed, and according to that, local authorities are planning to supply land to achieve economic competitiveness (urban). As it is shown in the conceptual model of the paper in Figure 1, after determining the need for housing, it is necessary to ask whether the adequacy of the supply and allocation of land, as well as the importance of maintaining it for the development of housing by local authorities, is clear. Also, is there any suitable planning for that? Despite the severe shortage of ready-made land for the city of Tehran, a large volume of land is a large area owned by natural and legal persons, and, in particular, state-owned enterprises of semipublic and public institutions, which have been abandoned in cities for years without use and in the form of barren. According to municipal management laws, municipalities can receive land, taxes and fees that are included in the annual budget of the Tehran Municipality. According to the figure obtained from this study, which states that 663,141 residential units are needed for Tehran in 2021, large landowners in Tehran need to supply their land to the market. According to the Population and Housing Census in Tehran in 2011, there are 245,769 inhabited vacancies in Tehran; hence there are two scenarios for the provision of residential units in the city of Tehran in 2021, assuming that these units in the housing market require 417,372 units Another residence will be for Tehran, otherwise 663141 residential units will be needed for Tehran in 2021. Other possibl Originality/value Tehran is the largest city and the capital of Iran, and it is also the capital of the province Tehran. In the southern foothills of the Alborz Mountains within a longitude of 51 degrees and 2 minutes East to 51 degrees and 36 minutes East, with an approximate length of 50 kilometers and latitude 35 degrees and 34 minutes North to 35 degrees and 50 minutes North with an approximate width of 30 kilometers. The area of this city is 730 km2. This is one of the largest cities in West Asia, the 25th the most populous city, and the 27th greatest city to the world. The administrative structure of Iran has been concentrated in this city. The city has been divided into 22 zones, 134 areas (including Rey and Tajrish), and 370 districts (Wikipedia). The problem of housing in the city of Tehran has always been one of the important issues that less has been planned for it. The result is housing shortage, high housing prices and so on, due to the excessive expansion of the city, its population increase and so on.
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Editorial, E. "Corrigendum: Species delimitation in Capparis (Capparaceae): Morphological and molecular." Genetika 55, no. 2 (2023): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2302787e.
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CORRIGENDUM by Snezana Mladenovic Drinic, Editor of the journal Genetika request from Iraj Mehregan to remove name from the paper SPECIES DELIMITATION IN CAPPARIS (CAPPARACEAE): MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR Sakine NAJAFIAN1, Iraj MEHREGAN1, Alireza IRANBAKHSH1, Mostafa ASSADI2, Silvio FICI3 1 Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, National Botanical Garden of Iran, Tehran, Iran 3 Dipartmento di Science Agrarie e Forestali, University di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102609N published in the journal Genetika, 2021, Vol 53, No.2, 609 - 627 The first author Sakine NAJAFIAN of the article are responsible for writing, submitting, and other unethical behaviors. <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102609N ">10.2298/GENSR2102609N</a></b></u>
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Lecours, Francine. "L’URSS face à la guerre du Golfe, une stratégie singulière." Études internationales 17, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702087ar.
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Soon after the opening of hostilities between Iran and Iraq in September 1980, the Soviet Union offered military assistance to Tehran while simultaneously suspending arms deliveries to Baghdad, a formerly faithful client. Following Iran s refusal of assistance, and possibly in reaction to a percieved threat from the spreading of Iran's Islamic revolution, Moscow re-opened arms shipments to Iraq. This ambivalent behavior on the part of the Soviet Union is partially explained by the history of its interests in the region. The Soviet Union has long Had strategic ambitions to bring Iran under its influence. Moscow welcomed any opportunity to increase economic and political des with Tehran even if in the short term the results were only partial. On the other hand, Iraq is an influential member of the Arab community - a useful relationship for the USSR, and one that while mutually1987 advantageous for both parties, has not required extensive commitments. One cannot ignore the possibility that important events in the Gulf War will cause an abrupt shift in Soviet attitudes and actions in the region.
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Rafieizonooz, Mahdi, Mohd Razman Salim, Elnaz Khankhaje, Mohd Warid Hussin, Ali Zarebidaki, and Salmiati. "Determining the Causes of Delay by Using Factor Analysis in Tehran’s Construction Projects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.109.
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Construction industry is one of the most profitable sectors in Iran’s economic. Delay is common problem in the construction projects in Iran. By considering all viewpoints of the parties, this research identified the most effective and severe causes of delay in construction projects in the Capital of Iran, Tehran. Questionnaires were distributed among respondents who are involved in the construction project in Tehran. The process of data analysis and discussions were conducted based on the two statistical techniques namely descriptive analysis (RII) and factor analysis. Using factor analysis, most critical factors of Tehran’s construction delay were recognized as: (1) lack of commitment; (2) inefficient site management; (3) poor site coordination; (4) Complexity in heritage and legislation; (5) Lack of estimation skills and skilled workers; (6) Lack of communication between parties; (7) Improper planning; and (8) Lack of clarity in contract. These results are anticipated to be important contributions to construction projects in Tehran in controlling the time overruns in construction contracts.
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Kamranzad, Farnaz, Hossein Memarian, and Mehdi Zare. "Earthquake Risk Assessment for Tehran, Iran." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070430.
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The megacity of Tehran, the capital of Iran, is subjected to a high earthquake risk. Located at the central part of the Alpine–Himalayan seismic belt, Tehran is surrounded by several active faults that show some M7+ historical earthquake records. The high seismic hazard in combination with a dense population distribution and several vulnerability factors mean Tehran is one of the top 20 worldwide megacities at a high earthquake risk. This article aims to prepare an assessment of the present-day earthquake risk in Tehran. First, the earthquake risk components including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are evaluated based on some accessible GIS-based datasets (e.g., seismicity, geology, active faults, population distribution, land use, urban fabric, buildings’ height and occupancy, structure types, and ages, as well as the vicinity to some critical infrastructures). Then, earthquake hazard maps in terms of PGA are prepared using a probabilistic approach as well as a surface rupture width map. Exposure and vulnerability maps are also provided deterministically in terms of population density and hybrid physical vulnerability, respectively. Finally, all these components are combined in a spatial framework and an earthquake risk map is provided for Tehran.
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Szalontai, Balázs, and Yoo Jinil. "Maneuvering between Baghdad and Tehran: North Korea's Relations with Iraq and Iran during the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 25, no. 2 (2023): 179–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01119.
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Abstract This article explores how North Korean leaders tried to maneuver between Iran and Iraq to gain greater leverage in the Cold War. Both of these Middle Eastern countries seemed potentially attractive partners for Pyongyang, but they were often on hostile terms with each other. The article considers how the Iraq-Iran rivalry and domestic changes in Iraq and Iran affected North Korean policy. Even when Pyongyang's cooperation with one or the other of the two states reached a high level, the North Koreans also reached out to the other country, regardless of the position of either state and of external actors such as the Soviet Union and China. The North Koreans generally avoided taking a public stand on the Iraq-Iran dispute, but on occasion they became more deeply involved. Mainly, the North Korean government sought to maximize the number of its partners, rather than to make a stable commitment to just one state. In turn, both Iraq and Iran eventually came to perceive North Korea as a state that was mostly out to benefit itself rather than helping either of them.
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Enferadi, S., Z. H. Shomali, and A. Niksejel. "Feasibility study of earthquake early warning in Tehran, Iran." Journal of Seismology 25, no. 4 (May 23, 2021): 1127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-021-10014-3.
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AbstractIn this study, we examine the scientific feasibility of an Earthquake Early Warning System in Tehran, Iran, by the integration of the Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) accelerometric network and the PRobabilistic and Evolutionary early warning SysTem (PRESTo). To evaluate the performance of the TDMMO-PRESTo system in providing the reliable estimations of earthquake parameters and the available lead-times for The Metropolis of Tehran, two different approaches were analyzed in this work. The first approach was assessed by applying the PRESTo algorithms on waveforms from 11 moderate instrumental earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of Tehran during the period 2009–2020. Moreover, we conducted a simulation analysis using synthetic waveforms of 10 large historical earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of Tehran. We demonstrated that the six worst-case earthquake scenarios can be considered for The Metropolis of Tehran, which are mostly related to the historical and instrumental events that occurred in the southern, eastern, and western parts of Tehran. Our results indicate that the TDMMO-PRESTo system could provide reliable and sufficient lead-times of about 1 to 15s and maximum lead-times of about 20s for civil protection purposes in The Metropolis of Tehran.
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Mansouri, Aylar. "The Impact of War on Emergence of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Iranian Veterans of Iran-Iraq War." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i2.p70-82.
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Iran has been involved in many wars throughout its ancient history, a vivid example is the Iran-Iraq war. This imposed war was ongoing during September 1980 – August 1988 (Mohsenian, 2008). ).The main goal of this study was to investigate differences depression and PTSD symptoms in veterans who participated in the Iran-Iraq compared to community sample. The objectives of this research were: 1.Comparing depression in soldiers who are PTSD patients and ordinary people. 2. Comparing PTSD symptoms in soldiers and ordinary people. The research hypotheses were formulated according to the defined objectives. The statistical population included the Iran-Iraq war veterans and the ordinary male individuals within the age range of 25-50 residing in Tehran. . The data analysis for present research was down descriptively. The Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans’ Affairs of the city of Tehran permitted the researcher to select the statistical samples through the families of martyrs and veterans in person. The related questionnaires were handed in to the testees in person. The research objectives and nondisclosure of information were explained to the testees prior to distribution of the questionnaire. The data was collected using a PTSD checklist by Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, Kean etal (1993) and the Beck depression inventory. The multivariate effect indicates a significant difference between the depression and PTSD in war veterans and ordinary individuals aged 25-50. Depression and PTSD in Iran-Iraq war veterans it was higher compared to ordinary individuals.
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Djallil, Lounnas. "China and the Iranian Nuclear Crisis: Between Ambiguities and Interests." European Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (2011): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805811x616138.
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AbstractThis article analyses, the complex relationship between Tehran, Beijing and Washington on the Iranian nuclear issue. Indeed, China's policy towards Iran has often been described as ambiguous, in supporting Washington, on the one hand, while protecting Tehran, on the other hand. In this article, we argue that, in fact, Beijing policy vis-a-vis Tehran depends on the state of its relationships with Washington. Indeed, a closer analysis shows that China is using Iran as a bargaining chip with the United States on, among others, two key security issues, i.e., Taiwan and the oil supply. The guarantee of a secured oil supply from the Middle-East in addition to a comprehensive policy of the US with regard to Chinese security interests in Taiwan as well as the use of smart sanctions against Tehran, which would thus take into account, to a certain extent, Beijing economic interests in Iran, are, indeed, the guarantee of Beijing's support to the US policy towards Iran.
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Machitidze, Georgy G. "Iran – “Taliban”: a comparative analysis of relation-ship stages." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080023373-7.
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The article is devoted to comparative analysis of Iran's relations with the Taliban in the past 30 years. The conducted research suggests that these relations can be divided into three stages: confrontational, pragmatic and public. Tehran's initial reliance on the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance led to a serious confrontation with the Taliban in the 1990s. The realization of the need to contain the United States led to a change in Tehran’s critical approach to the Taliban to a pragmatic one. The transformation of the Iranian elite’s views coincided with the start of the Taliban insurgency in the country. With the transition from hostility to pragmatism, Iran began to provide military assistance to the Taliban. The success of the Taliban in confronting government and coalition forces, the intensification of Washington’s efforts to reach agreements with the Taliban, as well as Pakistan and Saudi Arabia’s actions in the same direction, contributed to the reformatting of Tehran’s relations with the Taliban into public ones. The author notes that Iranian-Taliban ties have never been a strong alliance, with each side respecting its own interests. Formal non-recognition of the Taliban regime by Tehran does not hinder the development of trade economic relations. The author comes to the conclusion that Iranian pragmatism contributed to the establishment of normal relations between Tehran and Kabul, which is important for regional stability at the present stage. But uncertainties in terms of further development of Afghanistan under the Taliban can revive the painful problems for both sides.
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Davood, Asghar, Yassamin EbrahimiNassimi, Soroush Sardari, and Yekta Farmahini Farahani. "Corrigendum: N-unsubstituted Imidazoles: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation." Current Pharmaceutical Design 30, no. 15 (April 2024): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161283015240420013314.
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A typographical error appeared in author's affiliation in the article titled “N-unsubstituted Imidazoles: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation”, published in Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2023; 29(23): 1875-1881 [1]. Details of the error and a correction are provided below. Original: Author Affiliation: 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran. Corrected: Author Affiliation: 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. We regret the error and apologize to readers. The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/133413
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Alvandi, Homira, Roya kochak Entezar, Parvaneh Ghodsi, Khadijeh Abolmaali, and Mansoureh Shahriyar Ahmadi. "Effect of Storytelling on the Social-emotional Skills of the Primary School Male Students." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 12, no. 06 (January 1, 2024): 1126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.12.6.8.
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Fedorova, Irina E. "SOFT POWER OF IRAN IN INDIA." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (26) (2023): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2023-4-313-317.
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This article analyzes the most important component of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Republic of India - the work of the Iranian leadership with the Shiite community of India. Tehran views the Indian Shiites as its allies, sharing not only religious and ideological values, but also capable of promoting its geopolitical priorities and, to a certain extent, influencing the internal political situation in India. The author notes the intensification of Iran’s efforts in this direction since the 2000s. Both New Delhi and Tehran view Iran’s relations with Indian Shiites in the broad context of Iranian-Indian relations. New Delhi, given its partnership with Tehran and seeing Shiites as a possible counterbalance to the Sunni majority associated with Islamabad, does not prevent Iran from developing relations with its co-religionists. Tehran, for its part, is positive about the fact that, in general, the religious rights of Shiites in India are not limited and they are not discriminated against. The author identifies All India Shia Personal Law Board, Anjuman-e Haideri and All India Shia Husaini Fund as the main Shiite organizations in India with which Iran works. The most important conductor of Iranian influence is the Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, which combines educational and charitable activities with political propaganda. The author believes that in the broad context of the development of relations between Delhi and Tehran, it is in the interests of Delhi to maintain patriotic sentiments among Indian Shiites, while preventing the strengthening of radical sentiments in their communities. For its part, Tehran is interested in further strengthening ties with the Muslim community in India and, above all, with the Shiite minority, which allows Iranian political and business circles to strengthen ties with Shiite business structures and foreign policy institutions.
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Bahari, R. A., R. A. Abbaspour, and P. Pahlavani. "PREDICTION OF PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS USING TEMPERATURE INVERSION EFFECTS BASED ON AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2/W3 (October 22, 2014): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w3-73-2014.
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Today, air pollutant is a big challenge for busy and big cities due to its direct effect on both human health and the environment. Tehran, as the capital city of Iran, concludes 12 million people and is one of the most polluted cities in Iran. According to the reports, the main cause of Tehran's pollution is particle matters. The main factors affecting the density and distribution of pollution in Tehran are topography, traffic, and meteorological parameters including wind speed and direction, environment temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity, the sunshine overs a day, the rainfall, pressure, and temperature inversion. To help the urban management of Tehran, in this paper, a novel method is proposed to predicted PM2.5 concentration for upcoming 72 hours. The results show that the proposed model has high capability in predicting PM2.5 concentration and the achieved statistic coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) was equal to 0.61–0.79, which indicates the goodness of fit of our proposed model supports the prediction of PM2.5 concentration.
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Əyyub qızı Qədirova, Leyla. "Iran’s oil and gas industry during sanctions." ANCIENT LAND 04, no. 02 (April 21, 2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/04/42-45.
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Followed by the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran the aggravated conflict between Tehran and USA has been observed. These interrelations have resulted in USA imposing sanctions on Iran. Sanctions have lasted since 1979 and have decelerated Iran's economic growth. With the accession of the United Nations, Resolution 461 was adopted, comprising economic sanctions against Iran. The sanctions principally targeted investments in oil, gas and petrochemicals, exports of refined petroleum products, and business collaborations with Iranian Revolutionary Guard companies.Afterwards, banking and insurance operations, shipping, and Internet services have become to be included, especially the Central Bank of Iran. Key words: Islamic Revolution in Iran, Central Bank of Iran, Tehran, USA, Iran
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Yeghiazarian, Torange. "Dramatic Defiance in Tehran." TDR/The Drama Review 56, no. 1 (March 2012): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00144.
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Ghadami, Mostafa, and Peter Newman. "Spatial consequences of urban densification policy: Floor-to-area ratio policy in Tehran, Iran." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 4 (August 2, 2017): 626–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317722168.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the urban densification policies made after the Islamic Revolution on the urban spatial structure of Tehran as the most important metropolis in Iran. The Hot Spot approach based on the Getis Ord Local G statistical test and Arc GIS 10.2 software was employed in this study. The advantage of the Geo-statistic technique used in this study is that this model does not require the exact location of the city centre to map and determine its spatial structure. The results show that the spatial structure of Tehran was affected by the non-spatial densification policies for 30 years (until Tehran’s Master Plan in 2007). Furthermore, these policies were greatly dependent on the financial benefits from the sale of the FAR permission and fines related to the ignorance of the lawful regulations. There is a spatial imbalance between the population and activity distribution patterns in the structure of Tehran. However, the negative spatial consequences of the densification policies are declining capacity of the city centre and the inner wards in retaining the population, and growing population density in the northern outer wards of Tehran.
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Amir-Ansari, Siavash. "Transport and traffic in Tehran, Iran." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 167, no. 4 (August 2014): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/tran.10.00035.
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Heravi, Helen Morabi, Mohammad Reza Sabour, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Municipal Solid Waste Characterization, Tehran-Iran." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16, no. 16 (August 1, 2013): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.759.769.
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Shams, Mohsen, and Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar. "Risky Driving Behaviors in Tehran, Iran." Traffic Injury Prevention 10, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389580802492280.
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F., N. "Disaster mitigation strategies in Tehran, Iran." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 9, no. 3 (August 2000): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560010335194.
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Alaghehbandan, Reza, Annette MacKay Rossignol, and Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari. "Pediatric burn injuries in Tehran, Iran." Burns 27, no. 2 (March 2001): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(00)00083-8.
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Larijani, Bagher, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi, Mohammad Hassan Bastanhagh, Ali Reza Mosavi-Jarrahi, Vahid Haghpanah, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Fatemeh Bandarian, and Nasim Khaleghian. "Primary Thyroid Malignancies in Tehran, Iran." Medical Principles and Practice 14, no. 6 (2005): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000088112.
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Katz, Mark N. "Losing Balance: Russian Foreign Policy toward Iraq and Iran." Current History 102, no. 666 (October 1, 2003): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2003.102.666.341.
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Moscow's balancing act between Washington and Baghdad [has] failed, and its balancing act between Washington and Tehran is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. … [A] reluctance to establish clear priorities among competing interests threatens to undermine both its relations with the United States and its influence in a region of continuing strategic importance to Russia.
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Mohamadkhani, Mohamadjavad, Farshad Kowsary, and MohammadHadi Ghasemi. "Techno-economic assessment of fixed solar panels and sun-tracking technology in solar farms in the districts of Tehran and Qazvin in Iran." Future Energy 2, no. 3 (August 15, 2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.3.4.
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Energy is regarded as one of the most pressing issues confronting the world, particularly in Iran. However, Iran depends mostly on fossil fuels, alternative energy sources are gradually being replaced to cover its energy needs. The efficiency and performance of two types of solar panel systems, fixed and sun-tracking, were evaluated in this study in two different regions: Tehran and Qazvin. According to this investigation, the Qazvin solar farm generates 16,763 MWh with fixed panels and 18,017 MWh when sun-tracking technology is used. Tehran solar farm yields 15,380 MWh with fixed panels and 16,528 MWh when sun-tracking technology is used. The sun-tracking technology increases solar power generation by 7.5 percent. However, due to the high irradiation in Iran, fixed PV systems operate well enough and appear to be considerably more cost-effective than sun-tracking systems. Financial analysis was conducted, taking into account all expenditures, losses, profits, Return On Investment (ROI), payback timeframes, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Present Value (NPV). Net Present Value (NPV) at the discount rate of 12% of Tehran solar farm is calculated 724,771.4 USD, and for Qazvin’s one is calculated 810,471.4 USD. In addition, the normal payback time for Tehran and Qazvin are 7.35 and 6.78 years, respectively. The analysis sensitivity has been done based on three main features, sales revenue, costs of assets, and operating cost, which massively affect the project for instance, considering Tehran’s solar far, when the costs of assets increase by 12%, the IRR will drop by 1.71%. On the other hand, when the costs of assets decrease by 12% the IRR will increase by 2.13%.
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Mohajeri, Shima. "Louis Kahn’s Silent Space of Critique in Tehran, 1973–74." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.4.485.
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Locating modernity’s unfinished project in the historical matrix of Iran, Louis Kahn’s Silent Space of Critique in Tehran, 1973–74 examines Louis Kahn’s master plan for a new civic center in Tehran. The 1970s witnessed a period of contention between political and cultural visions of modernity in Iran: as the shah’s state fabricated progress through a series of development plans, the queen’s reformist second court sponsored cultural and preservationist projects. This strife over modernity in Iran was reflected in Kahn’s design as form, space, and program. Shima Mohajeri shows that Kahn’s layout for a modern public space in Tehran concerned the development of an ethical attitude toward architectural modernity in a non-Western context as well as constituted a silent resistance to Iran’s sociopolitical reality and its spaces of representation.
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Editorial, E. "Corrigendum: Species delimitation in Capparis (Capparaceae): Morphological and molecular." Genetika 55, no. 2 (2023): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2302786e.
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CORRIGENDUM by Snezana Mladenovic Drinic, Editor of the journal Genetika request from Alireza IRANBAKHSH to remove names Alireza IRANBAKHSH, Mostafa ASSADI, Silvio FICI from the paper SPECIES DELIMITATION IN CAPPARIS (CAPPARACEAE): MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR Sakine NAJAFIAN1, Iraj MEHREGAN1, Alireza IRANBAKHSH1, Mostafa ASSADI2, Silvio FICI3 1 Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, National Botanical Garden of Iran, Tehran, Iran 3 Dipartmento di Science Agrarie e Forestali, University di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102609N published in the journal Genetika, 2021, Vol 53, No.2, 609 - 627 due to misuse of the email address of Alireza IRANBAKHSH by the first author Sakine NAJAFIAN. The first authors of the article are responsible for writing, submitting, and other unethical behaviors. <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102609N">10.2298/GENSR2102609N</a></b></u>
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Vanzan, Anna. "The Holy Defense Museum in Tehran, or How to Aestheticize War." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 13, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01301004.
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Abstract In September 2013 the Iranian authorities inaugurated the Holy Defense Museum (Muzeh-i Dafa’-i Moqaddas) in the capital Tehran that also hosts a Martyrs’ Museum (Muzeh-i Shuhada) built in the early 1980s and later renovated. The new museum is part of a grandiose project to commemorate the sacrifice of Iranians during the war provoked by the Iraqi regime (1980–1988). The museum encompasses various aspects of the arts (visual, cinematic, photographic, literary, etc.) shaped to remember and celebrate the martyrs of that war. The 1979 Iranian Revolution and the following Iran-Iraq War produced an enormous amount of visual material; works produced during this crucial period that disrupted the balance of power, both regionally and internationally, constitute an important part of Iran’s recent history. Visual materials produced in that period not only constitute a collective graphic memory of those traumatic years, they also revolutionized Iranian aesthetics. The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereafter IRI) establishment has a long experience in molding contemporary art for political purposes and the Holy Defense Museum represents the zenith of this imposing project. In this paper, I present an analytic and descriptive reading of the museum in light of my direct experience visiting the museum, and I explore its role in maintaining the collective memory of the Iran-Iraq conflict, in celebrating the revolution and in aestheticizing war.
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Marcinkowski, M. Ismail. "BETWEEN "GREATER IRAN" AND "SHI'ITE CRESCENT": SOME THOUGHTS ON THE NATURE OF IRAN'S AMBITIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST." TAFHIM : IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2015): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol2no2.1.
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A couple of years ago, King Abdullah II of Jordan - in obvious analogy to the geographical expression "Fertile Crescent" - alluded to the "threat" of a new, "Shi'ite crescent", stretching from Iran to Iraq, the Arab littoral states in the Persian Gulf region and to Lebanon. According to this view, Iran constitutes the "heart" of this crescent whereas local Arab Shi'ites, such as Lebanon's Hizbullah, would function as mere satellites in the orbit of Tehran and thus being its "potential fifth columns".
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Mohammadhossein Ghasempourabadi, and Hojat Ghaedi. "The Role of Form Compositions in Energy Consumption of High-Rise Buildings (Case Study: Iran, Tehran)." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.175.
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Iran is recognized as one of the largest fossil fuels reserves resources in the world, but it is also suffer from mismanaged consumption. The consequences of this mismanagement have been considered in Iran during recent years and authorities have raised concerns about it. Identification of the optimized orientation and tilt angle for roofs in Tehran- The capital of Iran- in order to achieve the maximum daytime heat gain by photovoltaic cells and minimum energy loss at night in winter is the main purpose of this paper. So this paper makes a comparison in three shape of high-rise building in Tehran and their orientation. The results show that the appropriate direction for gaining more energy in Tehran are north-south and WE-NE direction and the cubic type of building in field of energy consumption is more economically for users
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Rahimi, Mitra, Shahin Shadnia, Reza Mirzaei Nasab, and Kambiz Soltaninejad. "Scorpion Stings in Tehran Province, Iran: A Seven-Year Hospital-Based Study." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 12, 2020): 30274.1–30278.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i4.30274.
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Background: Scorpion sting is an important public health problem in Iran. This study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical and laboratory findings of the scorpion stings victims in Tehran Province. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, treatments, and disposition of scorpion sting patients in Tehran Province, Iran, during 7 years (2012-2018). Results: A total of 199 cases of scorpion sting cases with a mean (SD) age of 30 (18.7) years were studied. The majority of patients were males (62.8%). The most affected age group was 20-30 years (31.1%). The majority of victims (45.7%) were residents in the southern districts of Tehran. The yellow scorpions (33.2%) were responsible for a larger number of envenomations. Most of the stings have been occurred in summer (68.8%). Also, the most affected limbs were hands and legs (94.4%). Most patients (58.8%) had localized manifestations, and the common systemic clinical presentations were hypotension (41.7%) and hypertension (17.1%). Also, the common laboratory findings increased blood urea nitrogen (48.7%), hyperglycemia (20.1%), and anemia (15.1%). The polyvalent anti-scorpion serum had been administered for 33.2% of victims. All patients had been recovered and were discharged in good condition without any complications. There was no fatality report. Conclusion: The demographic characteristics of scorpion sting in Tehran Province are similar to those previously reported from other Iran provinces. It seems that the incidence and clinical severity of scorpionism in Tehran are lower than those compared to other tropical and sub-tropical zones in Iran.
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Javanian, Mohammadreza Hassanzadeh. "Titus and Coriolanus in Tehran." Critical Survey 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2022.340408.
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Adaptations of Shakespeare’s Roman plays have frequently addressed political topics at the time of their production. As a result, Shakespeare’s Rome, already a site of political conflict and power struggle, has found different and at times opposing significations in its new contexts. The present study is set to explore how two recent adaptations of the Roman plays in Iran, There Will Be Blood (2019, based on Titus Andronicus) and Coriolanus (2019 and 2020), have situated Shakespeare’s texts in Iran’s contemporary political context. The study argues that Shakespeare’s Roman plays have created a platform for Iranian theatre directors to address the political issues and debates in Iran, a country in which it is extremely difficult to produce a political play. Jürgen Habermas’s idea of legitimation crisis and Ernesto Laclau’s concept of the empty signifier underpin the analysis of the adaptations.
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Boujari, Nasrabadi MR, and M. Hajia. "Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Tehran Reference Burn Hospital, Tehran, Iran." African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, no. 7 (February 23, 2012): 1393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr11.1048.
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Gopalakrishnan, M. "Tehran declaration on participatory irrigation management 2–5 May 2007, Tehran, Iran." Irrigation and Drainage 56, no. 5 (December 2007): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.346.
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Bitarafan, Mahdi, Kambod Amini Hosseini, and Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani. "Evaluating Natural Hazards in Cities Using a Novel Integrated MCD Approach (Case Study: Tehran City)." Mathematics 11, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11081936.
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Tehran, the capital of Iran, is the largest and most populous city in Iran, which is of great importance due to its large population and abundant infrastructure. One of the most critical issues in this city is its need for resilience against all kinds of threats, including natural hazards, because its development was not based on territorial geography. In other words, in developing this 700 square kilometer area, attention has yet to be paid to its different zones. Different zones include the mountains, Shemiranat’s alluvial cone area, the Tehran plain, etc. Main and minor faults, surface and underground water resources of the land, differences in formations between various parts of the land, the microclimate of the land in its multiple aspects, local and synoptic air currents, etc., have not been influential in urban development. The most crucial goal of this study is to identify and screen natural hazards in Tehran to improve this city’s resilience by introducing a novel integrated MCDM method based on ANP and The Combined Compromise Solution method with Maximum Variance (MV-CoCoSo). Therefore, to increase the strength of Tehran against these disasters, the natural hazards of Tehran must first be identified and ranked. In this regard, practical criteria for evaluating Tehran’s resilience were identified using library resources and the formation of expert groups. Then, using the ANP method, the comparative weightings of these effective criteria was investigated. Based on the results obtained, the disaster consequence criterion had the highest importance with a weight of 0.4361, followed by the disaster severity scale criterion with a weight of 0.2371, and the secondary threat possibility criterion (with a weight of 0.1232) was ranked third. Finally, using the MV-CoCoSo method, the natural hazards of Tehran city were classified based on the evaluated criteria. Tehran City’s three significant disasters were earthquakes, floods, and landslides. In addition, two experiments were designed to assess the robustness of the research methodology.
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Khankeh, H. R., A. R. Jallali, and G. R. Masoomi. "(A315) Improvement of the Prehospital Healthcare System in Iran." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s88—s89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002998.
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BackgroundThe prehospital time delay in acute health problem still is a problem in most low- and middle-income countries, like Iran. It often is possible to minimize adverse consequences by promptly providing effective prehospital servicesAimThis study was designed to compare the response time interval occurring during the prehospital care process in Tehran during the last decade.MethodsA retrospective, comparative study was designed, and the mean response time intervals in relation to prehospital care were identified from September 1999 until September 2000 were compared with data from September 2009 until September 2010. Data were collected from Tehran emergency medical services (EMS) center registries.ResultsThe EMS center of Tehran dispatched 213 ambulances every day in 1999–2000 compared with 1,200 in 2009–2010. During the 2009–2010 period, the mean response time for city locations was 14.18(+ /−4) minutes, compared with 1999–2000 the mean response time for city location was 16(+ /− 8). The mean response time from the time period of 1999–2000 also was longer than for 2009–2010 (14.18 vs. 16.58 minutes).ConclusionsDespite the prominent increase in the number of ambulance dispatching everyday, the mean response time in Tehran decreased during last decade. This improvement can be due to the improvement of the prehospital system in Tehran, including the number of: ambulances, trained staff, EMS stations, etc. However, it still is far from a national standard (eight minutes for city).
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Hakimitabar, M., and A. Saboori. "Charletonia stekolnikovi sp. n. (Acari, Erythraeidae) from Iran." Vestnik Zoologii 45, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): e-40-e-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-011-0011-8.
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Charletonia stekolnikovi sp. n. (Acari, Erythraeidae) from Iran Charletonia stekolnikovi sp. n. (Acari, Erythraeidae) is described and illustrated from herbaceous plants (off host) from Taleghan city, Tehran province, Iran.
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Ghodrati Amiri, G., R. Motamed, R. Hashemi, and H. Nouri. "Evaluating the seismicity parameters of Tehran, Iran." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 159, no. 4 (October 2006): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geng.2006.159.4.275.
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Barzegar, Abdolrazagh, Mohammadjavad Hedayatshodeh, Mehdi Forouzesh, Masoud Ghadipasha, Pardis Shojaei, and Fardin Fallah. "Causes of Maternal Mortality in Tehran, Iran." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v9i4.26647.
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Maternal mortality is a woman’s death during pregnancy or postpartum period due to direct or indirect causes. Its direct causes are related to obstetrical issues. The indirect cause of it refer to an underlying disease, i.e. aggravated during pregnancy and leads to death. A routine data-based study conducted at the Legal Medicine Organization of Tehran City, Iran, the autopsy findings of maternal mortalities during April 2017-2019 were reviewed. During the study period, 53 cases were autopsied of which 29 (54.7%) and 24 (45.3%) died due to direct and indirect causes, respectively. , The prevalent direct causes of death, were bleeding (22.6%), eclampsia/preeclampsia (13.2%), and ectopic pregnancy (5.7%). Frequent indirect causes were cardiac diseases (20.7%) and nervous system and infectious diseases (both: 7.5%). This study revealed the considerable share of indirect causes in maternal mortalities in Tehran. Moreover, we outlined the importance of early detection of non-obstetrical medical conditions during pregnancy care to reduce preventable maternal mortalities.
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Baheiraei, Azam, Elham Khoori, Robert M. Weiler, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Abbas Rahimi Foroshani, and Fazlollah Ghofranipour. "Health concerns of adolescents in Tehran, Iran." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-0023.
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Abstract Background: Adolescent health concerns are an important source of information that should be considered when planning school and community health promotion policies, programs and services. Adolescence is a critical period of human development and the health concerns of adolescents can point to important issues that may be eclipsed by epidemiologic and other clinical sources of information. This study aimed to assess the health concerns of adolescents living in Tehran, Iran and to examine associations between selected demographics and the health concerns reported by participants. Methods: This study was a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2011. Data were collected from a stratified random cluster sample of 915 adolescents, aged 14–18 years, living in Tehran, using the Persian version of the Adolescent Health Concern Inventory (AHCI-P). The data were analyzed using the χ2, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean numbers of health concerns in girls and boys were 48 (±27.6) and 44.5 (±27.4) respectively. The highest ranking health concern subscale for both girls and boys was The Future, and “being successful” was endorsed as the most prominent concern in the subscale. Female (OR: 1.42, CI 95%: 1.08–1.87), mother’s educational level (OR: 2.23, CI 95%: 1.07–4.65) and living in northern (OR: 1.76, CI 95%: 1.13–2.74) and western (OR: 2.02, CI 95%: 1.30–3.16) regions of Tehran were significant predictors of a higher level of health concerns. Conclusion: Findings can be used to inform school and public health promotion policies, programs and supportive services designed to improve the overall health and well-being of adolescents.
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GHODRATI AMIRI∗, G., R. MOTAMED†, and H. RABET ES-HAGHI†. "SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF METROPOLITAN TEHRAN, IRAN." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 2003): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460309350453.
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