Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iran

Academic literature on the topic 'Iran'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Iran"

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Ahmad Zainal Mustofa and Nurus Syarifah. "POLITIK OFENSIF AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP SIKAP DEFENSIF IRAN: DARI PERANG PROKSI HINGGA DOMINASI." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.203.

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ABSTRACT This article describes the conflict between the United States and Iran in the form of a proxy war taking place in Syria and Yemen. The conflict culminated in the attack from US against Iran on January 3, 2020 in Iraq. The proxy war that took place between US and Iran, the plan of the US when cornered by Iran, and Iran’s response to the actions of the US will be explain in this paper. This study uses Offense-Defense theory as a means of analyzing the two countries. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical. The research concludes that the US and Iran are involved in proxy wars in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, the US stands as a supporter of government groups. Meanwhile, Iran stands as a group supporting the government. In Yemen, the US stands as a supporter of the government. Meanwhile, Iran stands as a supporter of supporters. The series of proxy wars led to an escalation due to the conflict suffered by the US. The White House then killed Mayor General Qassem Soleimani, who is an influential general in Iran, for being the actor behind the failure of their plan. Iran then responded with attacks on US military bases in Iraq. The reply is also an important concern for the US to increase security in its region. Keywords: conflict culminated; proxy war; offense-defense; Qassem Soleimani. ABSTRAK Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang konflik antara Amerika Serikat dan Iran dalam bentuk perang proksi yang terjadi di Suriah dan Yaman. Kulminasi konflik tersebut berupa serangan dari AS terhadap Iran pada tanggal 3 Januari 2020 di Irak. Perang proksi yang terjadi antara AS-Iran, rencana AS ketika tersudutkan oleh Iran, dan respons Iran terhadap tindakan AS akan dipaparkan dalam tulisan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori ofensif-defensif sebagai sarana untuk menganalisis konflik kedua negara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa AS dan Iran terlibat perang proksi di Suriah dan Yaman. Di Suriah, AS berdiri sebagai pendukung kelompok oposisi pemerintah. Sedangkan Iran berdiri sebagai kelompok pendukung pemerintah. Di Yaman, AS berdiri sebagai pendukung pemerintah. Sedangkan Iran berdiri sebagai pendukung oposisi. Serangkaian perang proksi tersebut menimbulkan eskalasi konflik akibat kekalahan yang diderita oleh AS. Pihak Gedung Putih kemudian membunuh Mayor Jenderal Qassem Soleimani yang merupakan jenderal berpengaruh di Iran karena dianggap sebagai aktor di balik kegagalan rencana mereka. Iran kemudian merespons dengan serangan ke basis militer AS di Irak. Balasan tersebut sekaligus menjadi atensi penting bagi AS untuk meningkatkan keamanan di wilayahnya. Kata kunci: kulminasi konflik; perang proksi; teori ofensif-defensif; Qassem Soleimani.
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Kiianytsia, V. "THE EVOLUTION OF IRAN-IRAQ RELATIONS IN THE SADDAM AND POST-SADDAM ERA." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. International relations, no. 1 (55) (2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2022/1-55/46-53.

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The evolution of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq from the end of the Iran-Iraq War (1988) to the Iraqi political crisis (2021-2022) is considered. The key stages of Iraq's political transformation and the impact of such changes on the state of Iran-Iraq relations are examined. The position of the Republic of Iraq in the Iran's regional policy is determined. The character of Iran-Iraq relations at the current stage is established, the challenges and prospects for its further development are formulated.
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Çakı, Caner. "İran-Irak Savaşı’nda Kullanılan İran Propaganda Posterlerinin Göstergebilimsel Analizi." İran Çalışmaları Dergisi 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33201/iranian.452762.

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Balta, Paul. "Le conflit Irak-Iran." Maghreb - Machrek N° 113, no. 3 (January 3, 1986): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/machr1.113.0047.

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Mahdi, Akbar. "Revolution: Iraq & Iran." Teaching Sociology 19, no. 2 (April 1991): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1317878.

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Byrne, Malcolm. "The Iran–Iraq War." Iranian Studies 46, no. 4 (July 2013): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2013.784533.

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Arnett, Eric. "Iran is not Iraq." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 54, no. 1 (January 1998): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1998.11456800.

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Rundle, Christopher. "The Iran/Iraq conflict." Asian Affairs 17, no. 2 (June 1986): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068378608730220.

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Ribau, Patrick. "Le conflit Irak-Iran." Recherches Internationales 19, no. 1 (1986): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rint.1986.3064.

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Bibi, Fozia, and Lubna Abid Ali. "Linkage Between US invasion of Iraq, Arab Spring and Emergence of Daesh: Beginning of New Era for Iran." Global International Relations Review V, no. II (June 30, 2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-ii).08.

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The role of Iran is essential to analyze the politics of the Middle East. Post 9/11 few events such as the USA invasion of Iraq, the Arab spring and the emergence of Daesh has altered the traditional power structure of the region and also enhanced the role of Iran in the politics of the region. This study analyzes the role of domestic and structural factors in the shaping of the foreign policy behavior of Iran. Iraq remained a strong power under Saddam till the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003. Though, the US invasion ended a dictatorship but failed to provide stability, peace and a unified government in Iraq. The empowerment of the Shiia government in Iraq is also a victory of Iran on the ideological front as the US invasion has enabled Iran to achieve its targets without confronting directly with Saddam. . Since 2000 few events such as the US invasion of Iraq, Arab Spring and rise of Daesh transformed the traditional balance of power in favor of Iran. All these events helped Iran to enhance its ideological influence throughout the Middle East
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iran"

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Gutzwiller, Ryan. "Realpolitik and Iran's Post-Saddam strategy for Iraq /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FGutzwiller.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Vali Nasr, James Russell. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82). Also available online.
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Talalaj, Janusz Joseph. "Soviet relations with Iraq and Iran /." Title page and contents only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art137.pdf.

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Nazemi, Nader. "War and state making in revolutionary Iran /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10766.

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Kadret, Usam. "Les relations irako-iraniennes de 1968 à nos jours." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10038.

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L'irak et l'iran sont deux pays voisins dont les relations n'ont jamais connu de stabilite tout au long de l'histoire, en raison de facteurs historiques, politiques et juridiques lesquels ont eu des consequences profondes sur l'emergence du probleme des relations irako-iranienne et de la crise frontaliere qui s'intensifiait et se calmait selon les circonstances politiques ayant entoure la nature des contradictions politiques et ideologiques entre les deux pays. Le but de notre recherche est, donc, d'analyser les divers aspects de l'evolution des relations depuis 1968 et jusqu'a nos jours. A cette fin, nous avons retenu deux parties principales : la premiere traite de la nature des contradictions et des orientations politiques entre l'irak et l'iran durant la periode anterieure a la revolution iranienne qui a entraine l'apparition d'une crise politique aigue entre les deux parties, laquelle s'est repercutee sur le probleme des frontieres, resolu en 1975 par la conclusion de l'accord d'alger entre les etats interesses. La periode posterieure a la revolution iranienne a ete egalement marquee par une crise plus forte que la precedente. Elle a dure plus d'une annee et s'est achevee par la guerre entre les deux parties. La deuxieme partie est consacree a l'etude des causes de la guerre et ses phases ainsi qu'aux efforts de paix internationaux et regionaux en vue de mettre un terme a la guerre (. . . )
Irak and iran are two neighbouring countries whose relations have never known stability throughout history, due to historic politic and, legal factors which have had great consequencies upon the emergence of the irako-iranian relations problem and upon the border crisis which increased or decreased according to the political circumstances stemming from the nature of the political and ideological contradiction between both countries. Our point, is thus, to analyse the various aspects of the evolution of these relations from 1968 to the present day. To this end the work has two main parts. The first one deals with the nature of the contradictions and political orientations between irak and iran during the period preceding the iranian revolution, which led to an acute political crisis affecting the border problem, and which has been solved in 1975 by the conclusion of the algiers agreement between both countries. A crisis, stronger than the previous one, also marked the period which followed the iranian revolution. It lasted more than one year and ended with the war between irak and iran. The second part deals with the causes and stages of the war and, with the international and regional attempts to put an end to the war and, with the stand of both countries on this question. (. . . )
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Workman, W. Thom. "The social origins of the Iran-Iraq war /." Boulder (Colo.) ; London : L. Rienner publ, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374585518.

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Khadem-Sameni, Ali-Reza. "La Guerre Iran-Irak les caractéristiques du conflit." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598708p.

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Hunter, Robert C. "BROTHERS OR RIVALS? IRAN AND THE SHI'A OF IRAQ /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA457514.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): James R. Russell. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-148). Also available in print.
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V, WeltTrends e. "Brodelnder Iran." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4079/.

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Die letzten Wahlen im Iran waren die Zündschnur am Pulverfass: Der angestaute Protest entlud sich. Wenig organisiert, jedoch mit Kreativität und erstaunlicher Dauer der Opposition. Zugleich gelingt es dem Regime weiterhin, mit Härte gegen oppositionelle Kräfte vorzugehen. So brodelt es bedrohlich im Iran. Afghanistan bleibt hierzulande auf der Tagesordnung. Obamas "neue Strategie" erinnert an Vietnam. Mit ihr wird sich der Druck auf Berlin verstärken, die Zahl der Soldaten am Hindukusch zu erhöhen. Dies erfordert weiterhin eine Debatte um Alternativen.
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Sultan, Mahfood al. "Les relations entre l'Irak et l'Iran, de 1911 à 1980." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30021.

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Cette recherche porte sur l'etude historique contemporaine des relations irakoiraniennes, a travers les diverses periodes qui ont marque ces relations. La premiere phase, c'est-a-dire celle d'avant la premiere guerre mondiale, est caracterisee d'abord par une lutte entre les ottomans et les perses, en vue de la domination sur l'irak (1508-1638). Cette lutte s'est achevee a l'avantage des premiers qui gouvernerent l'irak de 1638 a 1911. Au cours de cette periode, les deux parties ont conclu plusieurs traites afin de mettre un terme aux differends nes entre elles a propos de l'irak. A cet egard, on peut citer le traite d'amassia de 1555 et le protocole de teheran de 1911 qui refletent la situation de l'irak du 16eme au 19eme siecle. La deuxieme phase, celle d'apres le premier conflit mondial (1914-1922), s'est achevee par la defaite de l'etat ottoman, allie de l'allemagne et la signature de l'armistice de moudros le 30 octobre 1918. Par une decision du conseil supreme des allies, reuni a paris le 25 avril 1920, l'irak a ete mis sous mandat britannique. D'ou la naissance d'une relation tripartite britano-perso-turque au sujet du chott-el-arab et de la question de mossoul. La periode 1922-1945 a vu la fin du mandat et l'admission de l'irak malgre l'opposi- tion de l'iran - au sein de la societe des nations (sdn). Ce qui entraina la conclusion - en 1937 - d'un traite d'amitie et de frontieres entre les deux pays a l'instigation de la grande-bretagne qui visait ainsi a preserver ses interets petroliers. Ce traite fut suivi du pacte de saad-abad. L'un des resultats de cet accord fut la mise en place d'une commission de delimitation des frontieres dont les travaux ont ete interrompus en raison du declenchement du second conflit mondial. Toujours est-il que l'amelioration des rapports irako-iraniens a continue de prevaloir jusqu'a la signature du pacte de bagdad en 1955 ; con- firmant de la sorte le rapprochement entame depuis plusieurs annees entre les deux pays. Par ailleurs, cette etude retrace les changements intervenus en irak apres les revolutions des 14 juillet 1958 et 17 juillet 1968, suivis d'une degradation des relations sus- citees, notamment dans le chatt-el-arab et les regions frontalieres. L'accord d'alger du 6 mars 1975 devait mettre un terme a cette crise et resoudre la question kurde. Mais la chute du chah le 16 janvier 1979 et la proclamation de la republique islamique en iran, entrainerent de nouveau une tension dont la gravite eut pour consequence le declenchement
This research is about the contemporary historical study of the relations between iran and irak, through the varied events significant to their relations. The first period, before the first world war, witnessed a conflict between the ottomans and the persians to control irak (1508-1638). The conflict ended with the victory of the ottomans who governed irak from 1638 until 1911. During this period there had been several treaties to end the conflicts about irak. (we can mention the amassia treaty 1555 and the teheran agreement in 1911, tp explain irak situation during the 16th and the 19th century). The second period, after the first world war, ends with the fall of the ottoman empire, allied to germany, and the moudros armistice on october 30 th 1918. On the 25th of april 1920, the allies high council met in paris and decided that irak should fall under the british mandate. From this sprung a triple relationship beween the british, the persian and the turkish government, about the chott-el-arab and the mossoul question. Between 1922 and 1944, irak was admitted into the society of nations, against iran's will. Great britain initiated a treaty of friendship and of borders between the two countries ; it was a way of protecting its own petroleum economic interests. This treaty was followed by the saad-abad pact. One of the results of the pact was the commission for a definition of the borders ; the second world war prevented its completion. The relationship between iran and irak improved until the bagdad pact in 1955, emphasizing the close relationship between the two countries. This research also deals with the changes in irak after the revolutions of july 14th 1958 and july 17th 1968 followed by a deterioration of the relationship, espacially in the chatt-el-arab and the border areas. The algiers agreement of march 6th 1975 was tu end the crisis and solve the kurdish question. But the fall of the chah on january 16th 1979, and the proclamation of the islamic republic in iran, created more tension and problems that lead, in september 1980, to the war that still lasts in the gulf area
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Jami, Morteza School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Geology, geochemistry and evolution of the Esfordi Phosphate - Iron Deposit, Bafq Area, Central Iran." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32745.

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Esfordi is a Kiruna-type Fe???P oxide deposit in the Bafq district of Iran. It formed within a predominantly rhyolitic volcanic sequence that formed in a continental margin tectonic regime and is of Cambrian age. The gently dipping, stratabound ore body is lenticular and displays a well-developed mineralogical zonal pattern. The Fe-oxide rich core contains a central zone of massive magnetite and a more hematitic brecciated rim. The overlying P-rich ore body contains massive and brecciated, apatite-rich variants with accessory hematite and actinolite. A zone of apatite-bearing veins and disseminations envelopes the Fe-oxide and P-rich zones and extends into overlying volcaniclastics that contain detrital magnetite ?? apatite clasts. The main ore zones are surrounded by Ca-rich alteration, dominated by actinolite, extending ~100 m into the more permeable overlying volcaniclastics. Beyond this envelope is widespread development of secondary K-feldspar. Mesoscopic and microscopic observations reveal a paragenetic sequence containing four generations of apatite. The early stage is a LREE-rich apatite 1 that occurs within the massive and brecciated magnetite core. The second generation is large and brecciated apatite 2, associated with hematite and actinolite. Both apatite 1 and 2 exhibit widespread dissolution and reprecipitation to form a LREE-poor granular apatite that is generally associated with quartz-carbonate??REE minerals. The final stage involved an overprint of LREE-poor apatite 3-carbonate-quartz-actinolite-chlorite-epidote??bastnaesite??synchesite extending into the host rocks. Fluid inclusions in apatite 1 have homogenisation temperatures of 375-425oC and indicate salinities of 14???18 wt. % NaCl. The magnetite displays low ???????O of -0.1???1.7 ???, suggesting precipitation from fluids with ???????O of 7.8???9.6 ??? at ~400oC, consistent with a magmatic source. Fluid inclusions in apatite 2 homogenise between 195???295oC with indicated salinities of 13???19 wt. % NaCl. The associated hematite displays ???????O of -0.2???2.3 ??? which would be in equilibrium with fluids having a ???????O of 10.7???13.0 ??? at ~250oC. Such enriched isotopic fluids suggest interaction of magmatic fluids with cooler saline fluids that were probably derived from the underlying carbonate-rich sequences. Fluid inclusions in apatite 3 and quartz homogenise at 145???155oC and, together with a quartz ???????O of 16.0???17.1 ???, suggests precipitation from a fluid with ???????O of -0.7???2.1 ??? that is likely to have resulted from the introduction of a cooler, less saline and isotopically depleted fluid (such as sea water). The results of this study clearly indicate a significant role for fluids in the evolution of the Esfordi deposit but do not preclude a role for immiscible Fe-oxide???P-rich melts in the initial stages of the mineralising process.
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Books on the topic "Iran"

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E, McCuen Gary, ed. Iran Iraq war. Hudson, Wis: G.E. McCuen, 1987.

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Sreedhar. Iraq-Iran war. New Delhi: ABC Pub. House, 1985.

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United States. Dept. of State. Bureau of Public Affairs, ed. Iran-Iraq war. [Washington, D.C.?]: Bureau of Public Affairs, Dept. of State, 1985.

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United States. Dept. of State. Bureau of Public Affairs, ed. Iran-Iraq war. [Washington, D.C.?]: Bureau of Public Affairs, Dept. of State, 1985.

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Bangash, Ghulam Taqi. Iran Iraq relations. [Peshawar]: G.T. Bangash, 1991.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Iran-Iraq war. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1988.

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Johnson, Rob. The Iran-Iraq War. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8.

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Karsh, Efraim, ed. The Iran-Iraq War. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20050-4.

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Souresrafil, Behrouz. The Iran-Iraq war. Plainview, NY: Guinan Lithographic Co., 1989.

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Phillips, Jarett M. Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iran"

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Walsh, James J. "Iran and Iraq." In Security and Bilateral Issues between Iran and its Arab Neighbours, 81–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43289-2_5.

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Chehabi, H. E. "Iran and Iraq." In Iran Facing Others, 193–218. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137013408_10.

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Rasheed, Amjed. "Iran-Iraq War." In Power and Paranoia in Syria-Iraq Relations, 49–66. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003344889-7.

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Menashri, David. "Iran: Doctrine and Reality." In The Iran-Iraq War, 42–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20050-4_4.

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Hiro, Dilip. "The Iran-Iraq War." In Iran and the Arab World, 42–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22538-5_4.

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O’Ballance, Edgar. "The Iran-Iraq War." In The Kurdish Struggle 1920–94, 123–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377424_9.

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Ali, Sheikh R. "The Iran-Iraq War." In The Middle East, 217–24. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003419044-25.

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Entessar, Nader. "Kurdistan-Iraq and Iran." In Between Diplomacy and Non-Diplomacy, 263–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09756-0_13.

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Johnson, Rob. "Introduction." In The Iran-Iraq War, 3–11. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8_1.

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Johnson, Rob. "The Failure of Strategy: Iranian Offensives and Iraqi Counter-offensives, 1987–88." In The Iran-Iraq War, 151–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26778-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iran"

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Frechen, Manfred, Martin Kehl, Farhad Khormali, Eva Lehndorff, Tobias Lauer, and Stefan Vlaminck. "LOESS IN IRAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284660.

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Malik, Asif, and Samer Aoudi. "Chronological Word Frequency Analysis of the 2017 Iran-Iraq Earthquake." In 2018 Fifth HCT Information Technology Trends (ITT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ctit.2018.8649501.

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Abedini, Atefeh, Arda Kiani, Ali Safavi Naeini, Kimia Taghavi, Negar Bandegani, and Mehdi Kazempour-Dizaji. "Sinonasal sarcoidosis in Iran." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1391.

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Modarezi, Mohammad Reza, Safura Navaie, Rouhollah Shirzadi, and Majd Keyvanfar. "Cystic Fibrosis in Iran." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4525.

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Gerami, Mohsen. "Mobile TV in Iran." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfcc.2010.5497646.

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Karbalaee, Fereshteh. "Water crisis in Iran." In 2010 International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccceng.2010.5560403.

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Nasution, Husni. "Kemampuan Teknologi Roket Iran." In Seminar Nasional Kebijakan Penerbangan dan Antariksa III. Bogor: In Media, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/p.sinaskpa.iii.5.

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Di dalam Rencana Induk Penyelenggaraan Keantariksaan Tahun 2016—2040 bahwa target lima tahunan penguasaan teknologi keantariksaan pada tahun 2036—2040 adalah terlaksananya peluncuran roket pengorbit satelit mikro berorbit rendah. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut diperlukan mitra kerja sama untuk alih teknologinya. Alih teknologi dari negara-negara anggota Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) sangat dibatasi apabila Indonesia belum menjadi anggotanya. Di samping itu pula, apabila menjadi anggota MTCR terdapat konsekuensi yang akan dihadapi oleh Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dicari mitra lain di luar anggota MTCR untuk kerja sama tersebut diantaranya adalah Iran. Tujuan makalah ini adalah mengkaji kemampuan teknologi Iran yang merupakan salah satu negara non anggota MTCR sebagai alternatif dalam kerja sama pengembangan teknologi roket di Indonesia. Kajian mencakup pemetaan kemampuan teknologinya, hasil yang telah dicapainya, dan pertimbangan kerja sama Indonesia dan Iran yang sudah pernah dilakukan selama ini. Metoda yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori kepentingan nasional. Dari analisis diperoleh hasil bahwa kemampuan teknologi Iran dikaitkan dengan kepentingan nasional dan pengembangan teknologi roket di Indonesia mengindikasikan bahwa Iran dapat dijadikan alternatif mitra kerja sama Indonesia dalam pengembangan teknologi roket di Indonesia ke depan.
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8

Hamdan, Issam T., and Asif Malik. "Demographic Analysis of Twitter Users During the 2017 Iran-Iraq Earthquake." In 2018 Fifth HCT Information Technology Trends (ITT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ctit.2018.8649520.

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9

Shahin, Yosef. "Geology of West Karun Oil Fields Shared Between Iran and Iraq." In 2019 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/20480shahin2020.

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10

علوان عبدالله, نزار. "" Stages of Genocide Against the Kurds in Iraq 1975 – 1988 Historical study"." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/57.

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Following the collapse of the Kurdish revolution in 1975 in the wake of Algiers Agreement1975 between Iraq and Iran, the governing Baath regime in Baghdad found itself free against the National Kurdish Movement, carrying out a series of genocide and ethnic cleansing operations against Kurds in Iraq. The government lunched wide arrest campaign against members of Kurdish opposition and destroyed many border villages in order to create a 20-kilometer security belt alongside the borders with Turkey and Iran with mines planted there. That area was declared to be a military zone accessed only by the Iraqi army. That required evacuating 500 villages which caused thousands of Kurds to seek refuge in Iran in fear of apprehension or murder. These developments were accompanied by a displacement process carried out by the Iraqi government on March 31st 1975 against member of Al-Barzani clan in Barzan area, who were displaced to the desert in Al-Qadisiya province and were only allowed to return to Kurdistan in the 1980 in the condition that they do not go back to their original areas. This was followed by the Anfal campaign which destroyed more than four thousand villages and displaced more than half a million Kurds to the Iraqi southern deserts while other thousands fled to Iran. It was in the Anfal campaign that the tragedy of Halabja occurred where chemical weapons were used on March 16th 1988 causing the death of more than five thousand Kurds and horrible unprecedented scene.
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Reports on the topic "Iran"

1

Trafton, Dwight, and Mike Isherwood. Saddam and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441580.

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Torrez, Karla, and Vincent Difronzo. The Iran-Iraq War: Exceeding Means. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441679.

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Rokosz, Ronald F. Clausewitz and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207262.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C., II Johnson, and Douglas V. Lessons Learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232451.

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Bucknam, Mark, and Frank Esquivel. Saddam Hussein and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441842.

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Naff, Thomas. Gulf Security and the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229581.

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Cramer, Joseph F. Operational Insights of Iraq Gleamed from the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236758.

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Xavier, Francis V. Iran and Iraq: A Prediction for Future Conflict. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397846.

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9

Solmirano, Carina, and Pieter D. Wezeman. Military Spending and Arms Procurement in the Gulf States. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lpyq8137.

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In September 2010 it was reported that Saudi Arabia had sought the US Government’s permission to purchase large numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters from US companies. This was just the latest indication that Saudi Arabia is planning a new arms-purchasing spree similar to that in the 1990s, raising questions about the possible impacts of military build-ups in the Gulf region, which includes both Iran and Iraq alongside the Arab states of the Gulf. Transparency is poor in most of the Gulf region. This SIPRI Fact Sheet combines data on known military spending and recent and planned arms imports in the Gulf states: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
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Jensen, Kurtis, and Matthew Klunder. Saddam Hussein's Grand Strategy During the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441658.

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