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Journal articles on the topic 'IR bioimaging'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: IR bioimaging.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

You, Youngmin. "Phosphorescence bioimaging using cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 17, no. 4 (August 2013): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.05.023.

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2

Zhang, Yongxin, Hao Fu, Shuai Chen, Bingqing Liu, Wenfang Sun, and Hui Gao. "Construction of an iridium(iii)-complex-loaded MOF nanoplatform mediated with a dual-responsive polycationic polymer for photodynamic therapy and cell imaging." Chemical Communications 56, no. 5 (2020): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09357e.

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3

Li, JuanJuan, Zhenzhen Tian, Zhishan Xu, Shumiao Zhang, Yaqian Feng, Lingdong Zhang, and Zhe Liu. "Highly potent half-sandwich iridium and ruthenium complexes as lysosome-targeted imaging and anticancer agents." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 44 (2018): 15772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02963f.

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A new class of half-sandwich Ir and Ru compounds containing P^P-chelating ligands can be developed as potential multifunctional theranostic platforms that combine bioimaging and anticancer capabilities.

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4

Xu, Li, Jin Wang, Qingqing Luo, Guangcai Chen, Fan Ni, Zece Zhu, Qiang Zhao, Guojun Zhang, and Chuluo Yang. "Highly emissive phosphorescence nanoparticles sensitized by a TADF polymer for time-resolved luminescence imaging." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 8 (2020): 2389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00215a.

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Highly efficient phosphor nanoparticles were prepared with energy transfer from TADF polymer to Ir complex. These nanoparticles exhibited good dispersibility and biocompatibility, which were then used in time-resolved luminescence bioimaging.

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5

Naddaka, Maria, Erica Locatelli, David Colecchia, Letizia Sambri, Ilaria Monaco, Andrea Baschieri, Federica Sasdelli, et al. "Hybrid cholesterol-based nanocarriers containing phosphorescent Ir complexes: in vitro imaging on glioblastoma cell line." RSC Advances 5, no. 2 (2015): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12936a.

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6

Shafikov, Marsel Z., Craig Hodgson, Aleksander Gorski, Aleksandra Kowalczyk, Magdalena Gapińska, Konrad Kowalski, Rafał Czerwieniec, and Valery N. Kozhevnikov. "Benzannulation of a ditopic ligand to afford mononuclear and dinuclear Ir(iii) complexes with intense phosphorescence: applications in singlet oxygen generation and bioimaging." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 5 (2022): 1870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc05271c.

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Benzannulation of a ditopic ligand affords a significant phosphorescence blue-shift and enhanced emission quantum yield of mono- and dinuclear Ir(iii) complexes. The complexes are excellent oxygen photosensitizers. A use in bioimaging is reported.

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7

Redrado, Marta, Andrea Benedi, Isabel Marzo, M. Concepción Gimeno, and Vanesa Fernández-Moreira. "Dual Emissive Ir(III) Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091382.

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment still bearing enormous prospects of improvement. Within the toolbox of PDT, developing photosensitizers (PSs) that can specifically reach tumor cells and promote the generation of high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a constant research goal. Mitochondria is known as a highly appealing target for PSs, thus being able to assess the biodistribution of the PSs prior to its light activation would be crucial for therapeutic maximization. Bifunctional Ir(III) complexes of the type [Ir(C^N)2(N^N-R)]+, where N^C is either phenylpyridine (ppy) or benzoquinoline (bzq), N^N is 2,2′-dipyridylamine (dpa) and R either anthracene (1 and 3) or acridine (2 and 4), have been developed as novel trackable PSs agents. Activation of the tracking or therapeutic function could be achieved specifically by irradiating the complex with a different light wavelength (405 nm vs. 470 nm respectively). Only complex 4 ([Ir(bzq)2(dpa-acr)]+) clearly showed dual emissive pattern, acridine based emission between 407–450 nm vs. Ir(III) based emission between 521 and 547 nm. The sensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells to 4 evidenced the importance of involving the metal center within the activation process of the PS, reaching values of photosensitivity over 110 times higher than in dark conditions. Moreover, complex 4 promoted apoptotic cell death and possibly the paraptotic pathway, as well as higher ROS generation under irradiation than in dark conditions. Complexes 2–4 accumulated in the mitochondria but species 2 and 4 also localizes in other subcellular organelles.

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8

Li, Jun-Bin, Hong-Wen Liu, Ting Fu, Ruowen Wang, Xiao-Bing Zhang, and Weihong Tan. "Recent Progress in Small-Molecule Near-IR Probes for Bioimaging." Trends in Chemistry 1, no. 2 (May 2019): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2019.03.002.

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9

Zaderenko, A. P., C. Caro, M. de la Mata, J. A. Sánchez, and M. J. Sayagués. "Microstructural Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612012925.

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Silver nanoparticles are emerging as a powerful tool in bioimaging applications owing to their unique plasmonic properties i.e., extremely high molar extinction coefficients, resonant Rayleigh scattering and enhanced local electromagnetic fields. Through the optimization of these properties, by controlling composition, size, shape, and interparticle spacing of nanoparticles and their assemblies, highly enhanced local electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of nanoparticles are achievable giving rise to IR, Raman and fluorescence surface enhanced spectroscopies (SEIRS, SERS and MEF, respectively).

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10

Gschwend, Pascal M., Kerda Keevend, Marianne Aellen, Alexander Gogos, Frank Krumeich, Inge K. Herrmann, and Sotiris E. Pratsinis. "Bi2O3 boosts brightness, biocompatibility and stability of Mn-doped Ba3(VO4)2 as NIR-II contrast agent." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 13 (2021): 3038–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb02792h.

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Fluorescent, ultrabright, stable and cytocompatible flame-made Mn⁵⁺-doped Ba₃(VO₄)₂–Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles are most suitable for near-IR-II bioimaging within 1 cm deep lying tissues outperforming commercial organic fluorophores and quantum dots.

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11

Ogawa, T., N. Miyoshi, T. Yamada, M. Sato, K. Akao, Y. Kitagawa, T. Ogasawara, M. Fukuda, and K. Sano. "A preliminary study on the diagnosis of bone diseases by an FT-IR bioimaging." Seibutsu Butsuri 40, supplement (2000): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.40.s183_3.

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12

Pei, Yu, Yan Sun, Meijia Huang, Zhijun Zhang, Dingyuan Yan, Jie Cui, Dongxia Zhu, Zebing Zeng, Dong Wang, and Benzhong Tang. "Ir(III) Complexes with AIE Characteristics for Biological Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121104.

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Both biological process detection and disease diagnosis on the basis of luminescence technology can provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of life and disease pathogenesis and also accurately guide therapeutics. As a family of prominent luminescent materials, Ir(III) complexes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) tendency have been recently explored at a tremendous pace for biological applications, by virtue of their various distinct advantages, such as great stability in biological media, excellent fluorescence properties and distinctive photosensitizing features. Significant breakthroughs of AIE-active Ir(III) complexes have been achieved in the past few years and great progress has been witnessed in the construction of novel AIE-active Ir(III) complexes and their applications in organelle-specific targeting imaging, multiphoton imaging, biomarker-responsive bioimaging, as well as theranostics. This review systematically summarizes the basic concepts, seminal studies, recent trends and perspectives in this area.

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13

Miyoshi, N., T. Yamada, T. Ogawa, and H. Kinoshita. "Bioogical Meaning for Bioimaging by FT-IR spectro-microscopy and Raman spectro-microscopy." Seibutsu Butsuri 43, supplement (2003): S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.43.s118_1.

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14

Reineck, Philipp, Adam Francis, Antony Orth, Desmond Wai Mo Lau, Reece David Valmont Nixon‐Luke, Ishan Das Rastogi, Wan Aizuddin Wan Razali, et al. "Brightness and Photostability of Emerging Red and Near‐IR Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Bioimaging." Advanced Optical Materials 4, no. 10 (June 23, 2016): 1549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600212.

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15

Vijayan, Vineeth M., Sachin J. Shenoy, Sunita P. Victor, and Jayabalan Muthu. "Stimulus responsive nanogel with innate near IR fluorescent capability for drug delivery and bioimaging." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 146 (October 2016): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.059.

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16

Ali, Farhan, and Serap Aksu. "A Narrow-Band Multi-Resonant Metamaterial in Near-IR." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 14, 2020): 5140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225140.

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We theoretically investigate a multi-resonant plasmonic metamaterial perfect absorber operating between 600 and 950 nm wavelengths. The presented device generates 100% absorption at two resonance wavelengths and delivers an ultra-narrow band (sub-20 nm) and high quality factor (Q=44) resonance. The studied perfect absorber is a metal–insulator–metal configuration where a thin MgF2 spacer is sandwiched between an optically thick gold layer and uniformly patterned gold circular nanodisc antennas. The localized and propagating nature of the plasmonic resonances are characterized and confirmed theoretically. The origin of the perfect absorption is investigated using the impedance matching and critical coupling phenomenon. We calculate the effective impedance of the perfect absorber and confirm the matching with the free space impedance. We also investigate the scattering properties of the top antenna layer and confirm the minimized reflection at resonance wavelengths by calculating the absorption and scattering cross sections. The excitation of plasmonic resonances boost the near-field intensity by three orders of magnitude which enhances the interaction between the metamaterial surface and the incident energy. The refractive index sensitivity of the perfect absorber could go as high as S=500 nm/RIU. The presented optical characteristics make the proposed narrow-band multi-resonant perfect absorber a favorable platform for biosensing and contrast agent based bioimaging.

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17

Qian, Jun, Zhe Feng, Xiaoxiao Fan, Andrey Kuzmin, Anderson S. L. Gomes, and Paras N. Prasad. "High contrast 3-D optical bioimaging using molecular and nanoprobes optically responsive to IR light." Physics Reports 962 (June 2022): 1–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2022.02.004.

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18

Kubicek-Sutherland, Jessica Z., Nikolay S. Makarov, Zachary R. Stromberg, Kiersten D. Lenz, Chloe Castañeda, Amanda N. Mercer, Harshini Mukundan, Hunter McDaniel, and Karthik Ramasamy. "Exploring the Biocompatibility of Near-IR CuInSexS2–x/ZnS Quantum Dots for Deep-Tissue Bioimaging." ACS Applied Bio Materials 3, no. 12 (November 6, 2020): 8567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00939.

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19

Steel, Harriet L., Sarah L. Allinson, Jane Andre, Michael P. Coogan, and James A. Platts. "Platinum trimethyl bipyridyl thiolates – new, tunable, red- to near IR emitting luminophores for bioimaging applications." Chemical Communications 51, no. 57 (2015): 11441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04003e.

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[PtMe₃(S-C₆H₄-4-CO₂Me)(bpy)]ⁿ⁺ exemplifies a new class of luminophores, absorbing in the visible and emitting into the NIR, with good cell uptake making it suitable for fluorescence microscopy imaging.

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20

Limosani, Francesca, Elvira Maria Bauer, Daniele Cecchetti, Stefano Biagioni, Viviana Orlando, Roberto Pizzoferrato, Paolo Prosposito, and Marilena Carbone. "Top-Down N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Multiple Purposes: Heavy Metal Detection and Intracellular Fluorescence." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 2249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092249.

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In the present study, we successfully synthesized N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) using a top-down approach, i.e., hydroxyl radical opening of fullerene with hydrogen peroxide, in basic ambient using ammonia for two different reaction times. The ensuing characterization via dynamic light scattering, SEM, and IR spectroscopy revealed a size control that was dependent on the reaction time, as well as a more pronounced -NH2 functionalization. The N-CQDs were probed for metal ion detection in aqueous solutions and during bioimaging and displayed a Cr3+ and Cu2+ selectivity shift at a higher degree of -NH2 functionalization, as well as HEK-293 cell nuclei marking.

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21

Andronescu, Ecaterina, Daniela Predoi, Ionela Andreea Neacsu, Andrei Viorel Paduraru, Adina Magdalena Musuc, Roxana Trusca, Ovidiu Oprea, et al. "Photoluminescent Hydroxylapatite: Eu3+ Doping Effect on Biological Behaviour." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091187.

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Luminescent europium-doped hydroxylapatite (EuXHAp) nanomaterials were successfully obtained by co-precipitation method at low temperature. The morphological, structural and optical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of EuXHAp were also evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)) assay, oxidative stress assessment and fluorescent microscopy. The results reveal that the Eu3+ has successfully doped the hexagonal lattice of hydroxylapatite. By enhancing the optical features, these EuXHAp materials demonstrated superior efficiency to become fluorescent labelling materials for bioimaging applications.

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22

N, Muniyappan, and Murugan Murugapandi. "An In Vitro Study on Inhibiting Pathogenic Activity by Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Dioscorea Pentaphylla." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 5412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.2.7.

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Development of biologically stimulated experimental processes for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an essential branch of nanobiotechnology. Biocompatible silver nanoparticles have acknowledged significant notice in recent years because of their capable applications in bioimaging, biosensors, biolabels, and biomedicine. This study reports a green chemistry approach for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using the rhizomes extract of Dioscorea Pentaphylla. The properties of synthesis nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and EDS. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) spectrum for silver nano-particles is obtained at 426 with dark brown color. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that silver nanoparticles were functionalized with bio- molecules that have primary amine group (NH2), carbonyl phenolic group (-OH) and other stabilizing functional groups. The Morphological studies revealed that the particles are spherical in shape and in the size ranged from 20 ± 1nm. The effects of silver nanoparticles concentration and extract concentration were investigated and DPR-AgNPs showed the better pharma- cological applications.

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23

Yılmaz, Yusuf, John Mack, Mehmet Sönmez, and Tebello Nyokong. "Photophysicochemical properties and TD-DFT calculations of a novel terminal alkyne substituted metal free phthalocyanine." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 18, no. 03 (March 2014): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424613501241.

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The synthesis of a novel free base tetrakis(prop-2-ynyloxy)phthalocyanine (2) is described, along with its characterization by IR, UV-visible absorption, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The compound exhibited good solubility in a wide range of organic solvents and no significant aggregation was observed over a wide concentration range. The values for the singlet oxygen (ΦΔ), photodegradation, fluorescence (ΦF) and triplet state quantum yields and the fluorescence and triplet state lifetimes are reported. A relatively high ΦΔ value of 0.46 was obtained in DMSO. The ability to carry out "click" chemistry at the ligand periphery enhances the potential utility of 2 for use in bioconjugates in photodynamic therapy (PDT). A moderately high ΦF value of 0.18 is observed for emission in the therapeutic window in the near-IR region, which suggests that it may also be possible to determine the level of localization of 2 in tumor cells through bioimaging.

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24

Kritchenkov, Ilya S., Anastasia I. Solomatina, Daria O. Kozina, Vitaly V. Porsev, Victor V. Sokolov, Marina V. Shirmanova, Maria M. Lukina, et al. "Biocompatible Ir(III) Complexes as Oxygen Sensors for Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102898.

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Synthesis of biocompatible near infrared phosphorescent complexes and their application in bioimaging as triplet oxygen sensors in live systems are still challenging areas of organometallic chemistry. We have designed and synthetized four novel iridium [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]+ complexes (N^C–benzothienyl-phenanthridine based cyclometalated ligand; N^N–pyridin-phenanthroimidazol diimine chelate), decorated with oligo(ethylene glycol) groups to impart these emitters’ solubility in aqueous media, biocompatibility, and to shield them from interaction with bio-environment. These substances were fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass-spectrometry. The complexes exhibited excitation close to the biological “window of transparency”, NIR emission at 730 nm, and quantum yields up to 12% in water. The compounds with higher degree of the chromophore shielding possess low toxicity, bleaching stability, absence of sensitivity to variations of pH, serum, and complex concentrations. The properties of these probes as oxygen sensors for biological systems have been studied by using phosphorescence lifetime imaging experiments in different cell cultures. The results showed essential lifetime response onto variations in oxygen concentration (2.0–2.3 μs under normoxia and 2.8–3.0 μs under hypoxia conditions) in complete agreement with the calibration curves obtained “in cuvette”. The data obtained indicate that these emitters can be used as semi-quantitative oxygen sensors in biological systems.

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25

Wang, Ying, Wenjia Wang, Dongmiao Sang, Kai Yu, Huiming Lin, and Fengyu Qu. "Cu2−xSe/Bi2Se3@PEG Z-scheme heterostructure: a multimode bioimaging guided theranostic agent with enhanced photo/chemodynamic and photothermal therapy." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 12 (2021): 4473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm00378j.

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Cu_2−xSe/Bi₂Se₃@PEG Z-scheme heterostructures were prepared by the cation-exchange method to integrate the enhanced PDT and PTT (60.4%) with CT/MR/IR imaging for anticancer therapy.

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26

Can, Büşra, and Yusuf Çakmak. "Exploration of Two Different Strategies in Near IR Absorbing Boron Dipyrromethene Derivatives for Photodynamic and Bioimaging Purposes." ChemistrySelect 6, no. 33 (September 6, 2021): 8855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202102508.

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27

Liu, Qian, Ming Xu, Tianshe Yang, Bo Tian, Xinglin Zhang, and Fuyou Li. "Highly Photostable Near-IR-Excitation Upconversion Nanocapsules Based on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation for in Vivo Bioimaging Application." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 12 (February 9, 2018): 9883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17929.

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28

Cherukula, Kondareddy, Saji Uthaman, and In-Kyu Park. "Design of an Amphiphilic Poly(aspartamide)-mediated Self-assembled Nanoconstruct for Long-Term Tumor Targeting and Bioimaging." Molecules 24, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050885.

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Biodegradable polymers have been developed for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumors. However, tumor targeting and imaging are usually limited by systemic clearance and non-specific adsorption. In this study, we used poly(amino acid) derivatives, such as poly(succinimide), to synthesize a nanomicelle-forming poly(hydroxyethylaspartamide) (PHEA, P) modified sequentially with octadecylamine, polyethylene glycol (PEG, P), and glycine (G) to design PHEA-PEG-glycine (PPG) nanoparticles (NPs). These PPG NPs were further tethered to cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) sequences for formulating tumor-targeting PPG-cRGD NPs, and then loaded with IR-780 dye (PPG-cRGD-IR-780) for visualizing tumor homing. cRGD cloaked in PPG NPs could bind specifically to both tumor endothelium and cancer cells overexpressing αvβ3 integrins. PPG-cRGD NPs exhibited enhanced physiological stability, cellular viability, and targeted intracellular uptake in cancer cells. In addition, PPG-cRGD NPs offered enhanced systemic circulation, leading to preferential tumor targeting and prolonged fluorescence tumor imaging for nearly 30 days. Nevertheless, non-targeted formulations demonstrated premature systemic clearance with short-term tumor imaging. Histochemical analysis showed no damage to normal organs, reaffirming the biocompatibility of PHEA polymers. Overall, our results indicated that PPG-cRGD NPs, which were manipulated to obtain optimal particle size and surface charge, and were complemented with tumor targeting, could improve the targeted and theranostic potential of therapeutic delivery.

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29

Shakirova, Julia R., Amir Sadeghi, Alla A. Koblova, Pavel S. Chelushkin, Elisa Toropainen, Shirin Tavakoli, Leena-Stiina Kontturi, Tatu Lajunen, Sergey P. Tunik, and Arto Urtti. "Design and synthesis of lipid-mimetic cationic iridium complexes and their liposomal formulation for in vitro and in vivo application in luminescent bioimaging." RSC Advances 10, no. 24 (2020): 14431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01114b.

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30

Kogure, Satoshi, Keiichi Inoue, Katuya Kikuchi, Masaaki Fujii, and Makoto Sakai. "1P-264 IR imaging of living cell by VSFG detected IR super-resolution microscopy(Bioimaging, The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)." Seibutsu Butsuri 49, supplement (2009): S103—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.49.s103_6.

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31

Milićević, Bojana, Jovana Periša, Zoran Ristić, Katarina Milenković, Željka Antić, Krisjanis Smits, Meldra Kemere, Kaspars Vitols, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, and Miroslav D. Dramićanin. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Yb3+/Tm3+ Doped Sr2LaF7 Upconversion Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010030.

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We report the procedure for hydrothermal synthesis of ultrasmall Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped Sr2LaF7 (SLF) upconversion phosphors. These phosphors were synthesized by varying the concentrations of Yb3+ (x = 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%) and Tm3+ (y = 0.75, 1, 2, and 3 mol%) with the aim to analyze their emissions in the near IR spectral range. According to the detailed structural analysis, Yb3+ and Tm3+ occupy the La3+ sites in the SLF host. The addition of Yb3+/Tm3+ ions has a huge impact on the lattice constant, particle size, and PL emission properties of the synthesized SLF nanophosphor. The results show that the optimal dopant concentrations for upconversion luminescence of Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped SLF are 20 mol% Yb3+ and 1 mol% Tm3+ with EDTA as the chelating agent. Under 980 nm light excitation, a strong upconversion emission of Tm3+ ions around 800 nm was achieved. In addition, the experimental photoluminescence lifetime of Tm3+ emission in the SLF host is reported. This study discovered that efficient near IR emission from ultrasmall Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped SLF phosphors may have potential applications in the fields of fluorescent labels in bioimaging and security applications.

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32

Dicke, Sidney S., Ariel M. Alperstein, Kathryn L. Schueler, Donald S. Stapleton, Shane P. Simonett, Caitlyn R. Fields, Farzaneh Chalyavi, Mark P. Keller, Alan D. Attie, and Martin T. Zanni. "Application of 2D IR Bioimaging: Hyperspectral Images of Formalin-Fixed Pancreatic Tissues and Observation of Slow Protein Degradation." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 125, no. 33 (August 15, 2021): 9517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05554.

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33

Wang, Xuhua, Alma R. Morales, Takeo Urakami, Lifu Zhang, Mykhailo V. Bondar, Masanobu Komatsu, and Kevin D. Belfield. "Folate Receptor-Targeted Aggregation-Enhanced Near-IR Emitting Silica Nanoprobe for One-Photonin Vivoand Two-Photonex VivoFluorescence Bioimaging." Bioconjugate Chemistry 22, no. 7 (July 20, 2011): 1438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc2002506.

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34

Pete, Akshay M., Pramod U. Ingle, Rajesh W. Raut, Sudhir S. Shende, Mahendra Rai, Tatiana M. Minkina, Vishnu D. Rajput, Valery P. Kalinitchenko, and Aniket K. Gade. "Biogenic Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots (CDs) and Their Application in Bioimaging of Agricultural Crops." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010209.

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Fluorescent nanoparticles have a transformative potential for advanced sensors and devices for point-of-need diagnostics and bioimaging, bypassing the technical burden of meeting the assay performance requirements. Carbon dots (CDs) are rapidly emerging carbon-based nanomaterials. Regardless of their fate, they will find increasing applications. In this study, a simple approach for synthesizing CDs from fruit peels was developed. The CDs were fabricated from Annona squamosa (L.) peels using a carbonization technique through microwave-assisted hydrothermal digestion at temperatures around 200 °C. Synthesized CDs were detected using a UV transilluminator for the preliminary confirmation of the presence of fluorescence. UV–Vis spectrophotometry (absorbance at 505 nm) analysis, zeta potential measurement (−20.8 mV), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA) (average size: 15.4 nm and mode size: 9.26 nm), photoluminescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis were used to identify the capping functional groups on the CDs. The total quantum yield exhibited was 8.93%, and the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed the size range up to 40 nm. The germinating mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.)) seeds were incubated with biogenically synthesized CDs to check the absorption of CDs by them. The fluorescence was observed under a UV-transilluminator in the growing parts of seeds, indicating the absorption of CDs during the germination, development, and growth. These fluorescent CDs could be used as a bioimaging agent. This novel method of synthesizing CDs was found to be eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective.

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35

LI, HUI, CHUANXI WANG, YINGNAN JIANG, ZHANCHEN CUI, and QUAN LIN. "ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF BIOCOMPATIBLE CHITOSAN/NaGdF4:Eu3+ NANOCOMPOSITE WITH FLUORESCENT AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES FOR BIOIMAGING." Nano 09, no. 01 (January 2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292014500076.

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Lanthanide-doped luminescent nanoscale materials have great potential applications in biological researches. Herein, we reported a novel and mild method for one-step synthesis of chitosan/ NaGdF 4: Eu 3+ nanocomposites. The luminescent Eu 3+ ions and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd 3+ ions were incorporated to these biocompatible nanocomposites. The resultant nanocomposites exhibited strong fluorescence and attractive magnetic features. The nanocomposites also have pure hexagonal phase with uniform size of about 65 nm. FT-IR spectra revealed that these nanocomposites were successfully coated by hydrophilic chitosan, whose amine groups conferred the nanocomposites excellent dispensability in aqueous solution. Besides, the MTT assay and laser confocal microscopy images have confirmed the good biocompatibility of the nanocomposites. These results indicated that the as-prepared nanocomposites could be used as an excellent targeted imaging agent in biological fields.

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Hemmer, Eva, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Hiroshi Hyodo, and Kohei Soga. "The Role of pH in PEG-b-PAAc Modification of Gadolinium Oxide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/748098.

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Upconversion and near-infrared emitting Gd2O3:Er3+,Yb3+nanostructured phosphors (nanoparticles and nanorods) for applications in bioimaging have been synthesized by precipitation methods and hydrothermal treatment. Variation of the material synthesis conditions (additives and pH) allows controlling particle size (40 nm to μm range) and rod aspect ratio (5 to 18). It was shown that PEG-b-PAAc (poly(ethylene glycol) poly(acrylic acid) block polymer) is suitable to provide the required chemical durability, dispersion stability, and noncytotoxic behaviour for biomedical applications, where the coating of Gd2O3with a protecting and biocompatible layer is essential in order to prevent the release of toxic Gd3+ions. Physicochemical properties of the Gd2O3:Er3+,Yb3+nanostructures modified with PEG-b-PAAc have been investigated by TG-DTA, FT-IR, and DLS revealing a strong influence of modification conditions, namely, pH of the reaction media, on the nature of the PEG-b-PAAc layer.

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Shen, Shen, Jia-Jia Fu, Hong-Bo Wang, and Wei-Dong Gao. "Advanced synthesis of carbon dots novel insights into temperature effect on fluorescent performance." Thermal Science 23, no. 4 (2019): 2453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1904453s.

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As a new generation of semiconductor reinforcements, fluorescent carbon dots have unpredictable and potential applications in bioimaging, photocatalysis, and optoelectronic devices. This work shows an environmentally friendly process for carbon dots preparation using citric acid monohydrate and urea. The influence of different parameters on luminous property was carefully studied based on the photoluminescence intensity measurement, including synthesis temperature, time and the concentration of carbon sources and deactivator. Then the synthesized products were further characterized by TEM, FT-IR, XPS, UV-vis, and XRD. Highest fluorescence intensity could be achieved under the carbon sources and deactivator concentration of 0.3 mol/L and 1 mol/L, respectively, in a total reaction system of 40 ml at 190?C for 18 hours. The screening analysis revealed that synthesis temperature has a strong correlation with the photoluminescence intensity. This study provides further insights into designing high fluorescent performance for carbon dots preparation.

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Tang, Xiaojie, Zhao Li, Yangxiong Li, Yuan Zhang, Qiuyue Wang, and Chengxiao Zhang. "A new metal-free near-infrared fluorescent probe based on nitrofuran for the detection and bioimaging of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 in vivo." Analyst 147, no. 2 (2022): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an01766g.

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A new metal-free near-infrared fluorescent probe based on IR-780 is designed and applied for the imaging and detection of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) in paper chips, living cells, zebrafish and mice.

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Sakai, Makoto, Kohei Ushio, Shinobu Nagase, Yuuji Hirano, Takashi Itou, Haruki Ishikawa, and Masaaki Fujii. "2P292 Observation of molecular orientation of human hair α-keratins by VSFG detected IR super-resolution microscopy(27. Bioimaging,Poster)." Seibutsu Butsuri 53, supplement1-2 (2013): S207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.53.s207_3.

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Xu, Jiating, Arif Gulzar, Yuhui Liu, Huiting Bi, Shili Gai, Bin Liu, Dan Yang, Fei He, and Piaoping Yang. "Integration of IR‐808 Sensitized Upconversion Nanostructure and MoS 2 Nanosheet for 808 nm NIR Light Triggered Phototherapy and Bioimaging." Small 13, no. 36 (July 24, 2017): 1701841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201701841.

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Marangoni, Valeria S., Oara Neumann, Luke Henderson, Caterina C. Kaffes, Hui Zhang, Runmin Zhang, Sandra Bishnoi, et al. "Enhancing T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast with internalized gadolinium(III) in a multilayer nanoparticle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 27 (June 19, 2017): 6960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701944114.

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Multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications have shown extraordinary potential as contrast agents in various bioimaging modalities, near-IR photothermal therapy, and for light-triggered therapeutic release processes. Over the past several years, numerous studies have been performed to synthesize and enhance MRI contrast with nanoparticles. However, understanding the MRI enhancement mechanism in a multishell nanoparticle geometry, and controlling its properties, remains a challenge. To systematically examine MRI enhancement in a nanoparticle geometry, we have synthesized MRI-active Au nanomatryoshkas. These are Au core–silica layer–Au shell nanoparticles, where Gd(III) ions are encapsulated within the silica layer between the inner core and outer Au layer of the nanoparticle (Gd-NM). This multifunctional nanoparticle retains its strong near-IR Fano-resonant optical absorption properties essential for photothermal or other near-IR light-triggered therapy, while simultaneously providing increased T1 contrast in MR imaging by concentrating Gd(III) within the nanoparticle. Measurements of Gd-NM revealed a strongly enhanced T1 relaxivity (r1 ∼ 24 mM−1⋅s−1) even at 4.7 T, substantially surpassing conventional Gd(III) chelating agents (r1 ∼ 3 mM−1⋅s−1 at 4.7 T) currently in clinical use. By varying the thickness of the outer gold layer of the nanoparticle, we show that the observed relaxivities are consistent with Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan (SBM) theory, which takes into account the longer-range interactions between the encapsulated Gd(III) and the protons of the H2O molecules outside the nanoparticle. This nanoparticle complex and its MRI T1-enhancing properties open the door for future studies on quantitative tracking of therapeutic nanoparticles in vivo, an essential step for optimizing light-induced, nanoparticle-based therapies.

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Li, Dandan, Qiong Zhang, Xuchun Wang, Shengli Li, Hongping Zhou, Jieying Wu, and Yupeng Tian. "Self-assembly of a series of thiocyanate complexes with high two-photon absorbing active in near-IR range and bioimaging applications." Dyes and Pigments 120 (September 2015): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.03.039.

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Mauri, Luca, Alessia Colombo, Claudia Dragonetti, Francesco Fagnani, and Dominique Roberto. "Iridium and Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Perylene Ligands." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 7928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227928.

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The present review summarizes the work carried out mostly in the last decade on iridium and ruthenium complexes bearing various perylene ligands, of particular interest for bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, and solar energy conversion. In these complexes, the absorption spectra and the electrochemical properties are those of the perylene subunit plus those of the metal moiety. In contrast, the emissions are completely changed with respect to perylenes considered alone. Thus, fully organic perylenes are characterized by a strong fluorescence in the visible region, lifetimes of a few nanoseconds, and luminescence quantum yields approaching 100%, whereas perylene Ir and Ru complexes usually do not emit; however, in few cases, weak phosphorescent emissions, with lifetimes in the range of microseconds and relatively low quantum yields, are reported. This is due to a strong interaction between the perylene core and the heavy metal center, taking place after the excitation. Nevertheless, an important advantage deriving from the presence of the heavy metal center is represented by the ability to generate large amounts of singlet oxygen, which plays a key role in photodynamic therapy.

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Rismaningsih, Nurmanita, Hiroki Yamauchi, Tatsuya Kameyama, Hiroshi Yukawa, Yoshinobu Baba, Taro Uematsu, Susumu Kuwabata, and Tsukasa Torimoto. "Controlling Electronic Energy Structure of Near-IR-Responsive Ag(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ Quantum Dots for In Vivo Bioimaging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 13 (July 7, 2022): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0113935mtgabs.

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[Introduction] Since cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, early diagnostic and treatment observation using biosensors becomes urgent. To date, the development of the biosensors is limited to the utilization of fluorescent probes such as organic dyes or fluorescent proteins, which suffer from various weakness[1]. Therefore, new probes that are more photostable than current organic fluorophores are needed. Semiconductor called quantum dots (QDs) of a few nanometers in size exhibit unique photochemical properties different from their bulk materials, owing to the quantum size effect. Binary QDs composed of group II−VI or IV−VI semiconductors, such as CdS, CdSe, and PbS, have been intensively investigated because of intense PL, high quantum yield, resistance to photo-bleaching, and broad excitation with narrow emission bands, which made them ideal for high contrast optical imaging of biological systems. However, notable toxicity associated with Cd and Pb causes serious limitations in practical use. Recently, mixed-cation QDs, such as ZnAgInS[2], AgInGaS[3], and AgInGaSe[4], have been an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional binary QDs. Their photochemical properties were controlled through the composition of QDs as well as their particle size. Controlling the composition of QDs containing multinary chalcogen elements, that is, mixed-anion QDs, is also expected to be another strategy to tune their physicochemical properties, but the method to prepare such QDs showing intense PL has not been developed well. In this study, we report the strategy to prepare Ag(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (AIGSSe) QDs, of tunable photochemical properties, such as energy gap (Eg) and photoluminescence peak, with the ratio of Se/S in the particles. [Experimental] AIGSSe QDs were synthesized by a solution-phase synthesis method. A mixture of AgOAc, In(acac)3, and Ga(acac)3 was used as a metal ion precursor, and that of thiourea and selenourea was used as a chalcogen precursor. These were added to a test tube with a mixture solvent of oleylamine and dodecane thiol, in which the ratio of Se/(Se+S) varied from 0 to 1.0. The solution was heated at 100~250 °C, and then formed QDs were isolated by adding methanol. The resulting wet precipitates were washed several times with ethanol, followed by dissolving in chloroform. Thus-obtained AIGSSe QDs were surface-coated by GaSx shell to improve PL property. Furthermore, these QDs were incorporated into unilamellar liposomes of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) to make them dissolved in aqueous solution before being injected into the back of a mouse, and their PL intensity was measured. [Results and Discussion] The absorption onset was red-shifted from 580 nm to 830 nm with an increase in the Se/(S+Se) ratio in preparation, indicating that the Eg of QDs was decreased from 1.9 to 1.5 eV with an increase in the Se/(Se+S) ratio from 0 to 1.0 in QDs. Thus-obtained AIGSSe QDs exhibited broad PL peaks with relatively weak intensities. However, the surface coating of AIGSSe QDs with GaSx shell (AIGSSe@GaSx) remarkably enhanced the intensity of PL peak. The PL quantum yield (QY) of AIGSSe QDs varied in the range of 2~43%, but QDs with each Se/(S+Se) ratio exhibited increased QY after surface coating with GaSx shell. Especially, AIGSSe@GaSx with Se/(S+Se) = 0 had the highest QY value as much as 50%. The PL peak wavelength was red-shifted from 580 nm to 785 nm with a decrease in the Eg of AIGSSe core, the FWHM of PL peak being varied in the range of 0.147 ~ 0.357 eV. TEM measurement revealed that the AIGSSe@GaSx QDs were spherical, and their average size was almost constant at ca. 4 nm with narrow size distribution, regardless of Se/(Se+S) in preparation. AIGSSe@GaSx QDs with Se/(Se+S) = 0.50 exhibited a sharp PL peak at 785 nm in first biological window, which was suitable for in vivo imaging. These QDs were encapsulated with DSPC liposomes so that the QDs were dispersed in aqueous solution. Thus-obtained AIGSSe@GaSx QD-DSPC liposomes maintained a sharp band-edge PL peak even in an aqueous dispersion, in which the PLQY was slightly decreased from 25% in chloroform to 21% in aqueous dispersions but was high enough to be used as a near-IR PL probe. We successfully detected PL emission from the QDs through the skin of a mouse, and the PL intensity was proportional to the concentration of injected QDs. [References] [1] T. Jin, et al., J Mater Chem B, 2020, 8, 10686. [2] T. Kameyama, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122, 13705. [3] T. Kameyama, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10, 42844. [4] T. Kameyama, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2020, 3, 3275.

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Hao, Yitong, Zhao Li, Ning Ding, Xiaojie Tang, and Chengxiao Zhang. "A new near-infrared fluorescence probe synthesized from IR-783 for detection and bioimaging of hydrogen peroxide in vitro and in vivo." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 268 (March 2022): 120642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.120642.

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Solomatina, Anastasia I., Daria O. Kozina, Vitaly V. Porsev, and Sergey P. Tunik. "pH-Responsive N^C-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Computational Results, and Bioimaging Application." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010232.

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Herein we report four [Ir(N^C)2(L^L)]n+, n = 0,1 complexes (1–4) containing cyclometallated N^C ligand (N^CH = 1-phenyl-2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole) and various bidentate L^L ligands (picolinic acid (1), 2,2′-bipyridine (2), [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (3), and sodium 4,4′,4″,4‴-(1,2-phenylenebis(phosphanetriyl))tetrabenzenesulfonate (4). The N^CH ligand precursor and iridium complexes 1–4 were synthesized in good yield and characterized using chemical analysis, ESI mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 2 was also determined by XRD analysis. The complexes display moderate to strong phosphorescence in the 550–670 nm range with the quantum yields up to 30% and lifetimes of the excited state up to 60 µs in deoxygenated solution. Emission properties of 1–4 and N^CH are strongly pH-dependent to give considerable variations in excitation and emission profiles accompanied by changes in emission efficiency and dynamics of the excited state. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD DFT) calculations made it possible to assign the nature of emissive excited states in both deprotonated and protonated forms of these molecules. The complexes 3 and 4 internalize into living CHO-K1 cells, localize in cytoplasmic vesicles, primarily in lysosomes and acidified endosomes, and demonstrate relatively low toxicity, showing more than 80% cells viability up to the concentration of 10 µM after 24 h incubation. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) experiments in these cells display lifetime distribution, the conversion of which into pH values using calibration curves gives the magnitudes of this parameter compatible with the physiologically relevant interval of the cell compartments pH.

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Shahid, Sadia, Shanid Mohiyuddin, and Gopinath Packirisamy. "Synthesis of Multi-Color Fluorescent Carbon Dots From Mint Leaves: A Robust Bioimaging Agent with Potential Antioxidant Activity." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 6305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17899.

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Carbon dots (C-dots), a promising luminescent nanomaterial with exceptional physico-chemical properties gaining enormous attention in recent years. Carbon dots having enhanced biocompatibility and multiple routes of synthesis offers a promising substitute to luminescent quantum dots (QD). Further, wavelength-controlled emission features of C-dots proved as a good candidate in the biolabeling applications. Herein, we are reporting a facile and one-step hydrothermal synthesis of biocompatible multi-color, Polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface passivated C-dots (CDP) from mint leaves as a green source. The morphological and optical properties of C-dots have been extensively studied by Zeta-sizer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Ultra violet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis have been performed for the understanding of surface states and chemical composition of C-dots. A comparative analysis in the biolabeling potentials of non-passivated C-dots (CD) and CDP was conducted in the breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and the concentration dependent cytotoxicity was estimated. Further, an enhanced antioxidant property was showed by CDP as compared to CD. In the present study, a practical implication of C-dots synthesized from a herbal source (mint) to serve as a novel agent for various biolabeling applications and antioxidant activity have been experimentally resolved. As synthesized CD and CDP can be, serve as better alternatives for imaging probe with improved biocompatibility.

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Kikuchi, Katsuya, Kana Kitatsugu, Tomoki Tajima, Masaaki Fujii, and Makoto Sakai. "2N1448 Development of an IR Super-resolution Microscope Visualizing the 6 μm Mid-IR region and its Application to Biological Samples(Bioimaging 2,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)." Seibutsu Butsuri 51, supplement (2011): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.51.s100_1.

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49

Karaballi, Reem A., Yashar Esfahani Monfared, Isobel C. Bicket, Robert H. Coridan, and Mita Dasog. "Solid-state synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr₂N nanoparticles." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 15 (October 21, 2022): 154706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109806.

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Materials that exhibit plasmonic response in the UV region can be advantageous for many applications, such as biological photodegradation, photocatalysis, disinfection, and bioimaging. Transition metal nitrides have recently emerged as chemically and thermally stable alternatives to metal-based plasmonic materials. However, most free-standing nitride nanostructures explored so far have plasmonic responses in the visible and near-IR regions. Herein, we report the synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr2N nanoparticles using a solid-state nitridation reaction. The nanoparticles had an average diameter of 9 ± 5 nm and a positively charged surface that yields stable colloidal suspension. The particles were composed of a crystalline nitride core and an amorphous oxide/oxynitride shell whose thickness varied between 1 and 7 nm. Calculations performed using the finite element method predicted the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for these nanoparticles to be in the UV-C region (100–280 nm). While a distinctive LSPR peak could not be observed using absorbance measurements, low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy showed the presence of surface plasmons between 80 and 250 nm (or ∼5 to 15 eV) and bulk plasmons centered around 50–62 nm (or ∼20 to 25 eV). Plasmonic coupling was also observed between the nanoparticles, resulting in resonances between 250 and 400 nm (or ∼2.5 to 5 eV).

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Ni, Jiatong, Lixiang Kong, Minglu Tang, Yan Song, Junge Zhao, Wenxin Wang, Tiedong Sun, Ying Wang, and Lei Wang. "Sensitive visual detection of intracellular zinc ions based on signal-on polydopamine carbon dots." Nanotechnology 33, no. 18 (February 10, 2022): 185502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac4dc1.

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Abstract The concentration of intracellular zinc ions is a significant clinical parameter for diagnosis. However, it is still a challenge for direct visual detection of zinc ions in cells at single-cell level. To address this issue, herein, water-soluble amino-rich polydopamine carbon quantum dots (PDA-CQDs) were successfully synthesized, with strong blue-green fluorescence as the probes for zinc ions detection in cells. The structure and properties of PDA-CQDs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Importantly, by successfully linking salicylaldehyde (SA) to PDA-CQDs via nucleophilic reaction, the FL quenching and Zn ions induced FL-recovering system was built up, thus offering a signal-on platform for the detection of zinc ions. This PDA-CQDs-SA nanoprobe can be applied for the detection of Zn2+ with a detection limit of 0.09 μM, with good biocompatibility confirmed using cytotoxicity assay. Of significance, the results of fluorescence bioimaging showed that PDA-CQDs-SA is able to detect Zn2+ in single-cell visually, with the detection limit of Zn ions in cells as low as 0.11 μM per cell, which was confirmed using flow cytometry. Therefore, this work offers a potential probe for Zn2+ detection in cells at single-cell level, towards the precise diagnosis of zinc ions related diseases.

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