To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: IPRs.
Journal articles on the topic 'IPRs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'IPRs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Janjua, Pervez Zamurrad, and Ghulam Samad. "Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth: The Case of Middle Income Developing Countries." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.711-722.
Full textAbstract:
Intellectual property (IP) refers to the creation of mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, name, and images used in commerce. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been widely recognised as a growth enhancing factor for the global economies as a whole. IPRs regime can influence the growth process through domestic and external sector of an economy. This study is primarily concerned with the effects of IPRs regime through external sector. Through different channels IPRs can promote economic growth in the recipient countries. The most important is technology transfer and its positive spillovers. Therefore, IPRs exert economic growth, which requires increase in productivity, increase in productivity requires increase in technological innovation and it requires the efficient protection of IPRs Rapp and Rozek (1990). The IPRs can influence the average growth more effectively in the open economies as compare to the close one Gould and Gruben (1996). Latter on Thompson and Rushing (1999) extended the model and included total factor productivity (TFP) in their growth model, which shows that IPRs have an insignificant impact on TFP for developed and developing countries but a positive and significant impact for the developed countries. To sustain economic growth it requires secured property rights system.
2
Lu, Yue. "SOCIALIZATION THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS? DECODING CHINA’S VIEWS ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS SINCE ITS WTO ACCESSION." Kazakhstan-Spectrum 107, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52536/2415-8216.2023-3.04.
Full textAbstract:
Constructivism in the studies of international relations (IR) posits that international institutions have the power to induce a state’s socialization into the norms and rules enshrined in these institutions. The study puts this hypothesis to an empirical test by analyzing China’s views on intellectual property rights (IPR) since its WTO (World Trade Organization) accession in 2001. The article examines relevant People’s Daily commentary articles published from 2001 to 2022 using Structural Topic Model (STM) and domestic scholarly debates. The study identifies four prevalent themes, including IPRs and international competition, strengthening IPR protection, developing indigenous IPRs, and achievements and barriers in IPR development. It finds that although China has increasingly realized the importance of IPRs, China’s views on IPRs are predominantly oriented toward a realpolitik discourse on leveraging IPRs to enhance China’s overall national power in international competition. While socialization is at best subordinate to China’s domestic interests in shaping China’s views on IPRs, as the country’s worldview acts as a strong mediating force between international ideas and China’s views on IPRs.
3
Wang, Ce, Guoshuang Feng, Jingjing Zhu, Kecheng Wei, Chen Huang, Zhenyu Wu, Yongfu Yu, and Guoyou Qin. "Developing an immune signature for triple-negative breast cancer to predict prognosis and immune checkpoint inhibitor response." Future Oncology 18, no. 9 (March 2022): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2021-0600.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: We aimed to develop a new signature based on immune-related genes to predict prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials & methods: Single-sample gene set enrichment was used to develop an immune-based prognostic signature (IPRS) for TNBC patients. We conducted multivariate Cox analysis to evaluate the prognosis value of the IPRS. Result: An IPRS based on 66 prognostic genes was developed. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the IPRS was an independent factor for prognosis. PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 and CTLA4 gene expression was higher in the low-risk group, suggesting IPRS could predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion: The IPRS might be a reliable signature to predict TNBC patients’ prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but needs prospective validation.
4
Li, Ji, Jiayue Qiu, Junwei Han, Xiangmei Li, and Ying Jiang. "Tumor Microenvironment Characterization in Breast Cancer Identifies Prognostic Pathway Signatures." Genes 13, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13111976.
Full textAbstract:
Breast cancer is one of the most common female malignancies worldwide. Due to its early metastases formation and a high degree of malignancy, the 10 year-survival rate of metastatic breast cancer does not exceed 30%. Thus, more precise biomarkers are urgently needed. In our study, we first estimated the tumor microenvironment (TME) infiltration using the xCell algorithm. Based on TME infiltration, the three main TME clusters were identified using consensus clustering. Our results showed that the three main TME clusters cause significant differences in survival rates and TME infiltration patterns (log-rank test, p = 0.006). Then, multiple machine learning algorithms were used to develop a nine-pathway-based TME-related risk model to predict the prognosis of breast cancer (BRCA) patients (the immune-related pathway-based risk score, defined as IPRS). Based on the IPRS, BRCA patients were divided into two subgroups, and patients in the IPRS-low group presented significantly better overall survival (OS) rates than the IPRS-high group (log-rank test, p < 0.0001). Correlation analysis revealed that the IPRS-low group was characterized by increases in immune-related scores (cytolytic activity (CYT), major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell-inflamed immune gene expression profile (GEP), ESTIMATE, immune, and stromal scores) while exhibiting decreases in tumor purity, suggesting IPRS-low patients may have a strong immune response. Additionally, the gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) result confirmed that the IPRS-low patients were significantly enriched in several immune-associated signaling pathways. Furthermore, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the IPRS was an independent prognostic biomarker after adjustment by clinicopathologic characteristics. The prognostic value of the IPRS model was further validated in three external validation cohorts. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that the IPRS was a powerful predictor to screen out certain populations with better prognosis in breast cancer and may serve as a potential biomarker guiding clinical treatment decisions.
5
Nga, Bui Thi-Hang. "Applying the rule of per se and rule of reason to assess the violation of the Competition Law by the IPRs owners." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 4, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v4i2.627.
Full textAbstract:
With the nature of practically irreplaceable and the monopoly of the protection documents, the law has given the intellectual property rights (IPRs) owner a competitive advantage, as well as a market power. As a result, to extent the market power and create a monopoly position to maximize profitability, IPRs owners tend to abuse IPRs to limit competition. Although the exclusive right to IPRs is a legal monopoly comes from protection documents, it does not mean that the owner has the right to abuse this monopoly to limit competition. This is because such behavior is not considered an exception under the Competition Law and shall be prohibited in case the satisfaction of provision violating conditions of the Competition Law. However, in order to balance the interests of related subjects, in assessment of the Competition Law violations of IPRs abuses, the laws of countries fully recognized and applied the rule of reason instead of per ser as Competition Law violations in general. The article aims to analyze and explain the purpose of the application of the rule of reason when assessing the violation of the Competition Law of IPRs owner and when using the per se, in respect of the legal monopoly of the IPRs subjects. The paper then provides proposals to complete the Vietnamese Competition Law which governs the abuse of IPRs owners.
6
Feng, Rui, Di Feng, Lingran Wang, Lan Zhang, Chang Liu, Fangran Ma, Meng Zhang, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Quality, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Visceral Peritoneum of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Fed with Two Distinct Aquaculture Systems." Foods 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13081248.
Full textAbstract:
This study scrutinized the nutritional quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) cultivated in traditional pond intercropping (TPI) and in-pond raceway system (IPRS) aquaculture setups. The findings showed that the TPI group exhibited a superior water-holding capacity, while the IPRS showcased heightened crude lipid content and levels of textural properties such as springiness. Moreover, significant differences emerged in the fatty acid profiles, with the TPI group manifesting higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFAs), EPA, DHA, and Σn-3, while the IPRS group exhibited elevated total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFAs). In terms of amino acids, valine and histidine levels were notably higher in the IPRS group, whereas lysine levels were reduced. Volatile compound analysis revealed significant variations, with the IPRS group containing more volatile substances with a better aroma, resulting in a better odor. The IPRS group performed better in serum biochemistry analysis. Additionally, grass carp in the IPRS group displayed an improved structure and greater coverage area of the visceral peritoneum, appearing lighter in color compared to the TPI group. TPI mainly influences nutritional elements; IPRSs primarily affect muscle texture, serum biochemistry, and overall health. This study aims to fill the gap in quality comparison research and provide an important scientific basis.
7
Wang, Bill, Yuanfei Kang, Paul Childerhouse, and Baofeng Huo. "Service supply chain integration: the role of interpersonal relationships." Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 828–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-02-2017-0062.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of interpersonal relationships (IPRs) in service supply chain integration (SSCI) in terms of strategic alliance, information integration, and process integration. Design/methodology/approach The research employs an exploratory/investigational approach to multiple case studies and empirically investigates effects of IPRs in SSCI. The data were mainly collected through semi-structured interviews with senior management staff from four service companies and their suppliers or customers in New Zealand. Archival data from the Internet and company documentations were also applied. Findings The authors find that three dimensions of IPRs influence SSCI in different ways. The effect of IPRs on SSCI is indirect: personal affection acts as an initiator, and personal credibility works as a “gate-keeper” and strengthens the confidence of interactive partners, while personal communication, a facilitator, plays a more important role in SSCI than personal affection and credibility. Practical implications The research provides managers in service supply chains the awareness of the importance of IPRs, as well as the characteristics of IPRs, in order to best utilize available resources. Managers should synergize all three dimensions of IPRs’ resources: make efforts to cultivate personal affection to avoid the instinctive isolation modern technology brings; attempt to accumulate positive personal credibility profiles; focus more on the role of personal communication and retain physical contact in SSCI processes. Originality/value This study contributes to SSCI literature by extending from the inter-organizational relationships (IORs) to interpersonal level relationships to explore the inner influence mechanism. Also, it explores the role of IPRs on all three dimensions of SSCI simultaneously rather than individual dimensions independently. Finally, it contributes to resource orchestration theory (ROT) by synthesizing three dimensions of IPRs resources, and IORs resources in order to achieve capabilities of SSCI. The study develops the individual-level research in supply chain integration (SCI) to a further depth.
8
Demirtaş, Gökhan, and Atahan Demirkol. "Traditional Economists or Third Worldists? The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on Economic Growth in Developing Countries." Slovak Journal of International Relations 21, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/sjir.1339-2751.2023.1.45-60.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the effect of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on economic growth in 76 developing countries using panel data analysis over the period of 2008-2019. IPRs and the economic growth relationship have been discussed in the empirical literature. On the other hand, Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) scholars promote the idea that international law is a hegemonic tool of developed countries, and IPRs may be subjected to their arguments due to the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Agreements (TRIPs). Results provide that IPRs positively and significantly affect economic growth in developing countries, whereas there is no U-Shaped relationship between them. The study suggests that IPRs protection should be highlighted in developing countries to achieve greater economic growth, and approves the perspective of traditional economists’ approach over TWAILers.
9
Barlati, Stefano, Massimiliano Buoli, Annabella Di Giorgio, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Carla Gramaglia, Eleonora Gattoni, Andrea Aguglia, Alessio Maria Monteleone, and Bernardo Dell’Osso. "Assessing Learning Needs and Career Attitudes of Italian Psychiatry Residents: Results from a National Survey Conducted by the Italian Society of Psychopathology Young Psychiatrists Section (SOPSI-GG)." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 15, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010021.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: No data are available about learning needs and career attitudes of Italian Psychiatry Residents (IPRs). Authors aimed to assess such needs through a survey to generate insight for implementing educational programs close to IPRs’ perceived learning needs. Methods: A 54-item questionnaire was developed in order to investigate career information, educational preference and learning needs of IPRs. A sample of 298 IPRs participated to the survey and was divided into four subgroups according to their location (North, Centre, South and Islands). The subgroups were compared through ANOVA for age and chi-square tests for qualitative variables (including gender and all sub-items of the survey), with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Results: IPRs were found to pursue, along with traditional and theoretical training, a quite practical approach, characterized by working groups, discussions on clinical cases and practical interactive sessions. The topics of major interest included: clinical psychiatry, psychopharmacology, psychiatric emergencies, communication and relationship skills (97%, 98.0%, 98.3% and 95.7% of the total sample, respectively). Indeed, a strong need for interaction with healthcare professionals emerged (97% of the total sample). North and Centre IPRs were more involved in Day Hospital activities than residents from South Italy and Islands (p<.001). South IPRs appeared to be more prone to invest for their education than residents from other areas (p<.01). Conclusion: Reported findings should be taken into account as a starting point for planning and developing future targeted packages of educational proposals for IPRs and they should stand as a useful pilot study for further investigation in the field.
10
Kostandini, Genti, and Bradford F. Mills. "Valuing Intellectual Property Rights in an Imperfectly Competitive Market: A Biopharming Application." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 3 (December 2009): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003072.
Full textAbstract:
Small research firms developing biotechnology applications often focus on establishing intellectual property rights (IPRs), which can then be sold to more established firms with existing market channels. This paper presents a method for valuing the IPRs for an innovation that lowers product production costs below those associated with the patented process of a monopolist. The application to Glucocerebrosidase enzyme from transgenic tobacco suggests an IPRs value of about $1.75 billion. Despite the innovator's market power, significant surplus gains also accrue to consumers. Further, U.S. antitrust laws that prohibit IPRs acquisition by the current monopolist increase consumer welfare by almost 50%.
11
Jankoska, Elena, and Viktor Ilievski. "Towards Better Balanced IPRs: Improving Access to Health through Better Access to Education." European Journal of Law and Political Science 2, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2023.2.2.83.
Full textAbstract:
This is an excerpt from a larger work on biotechnology patents and access to healthcare looking to provide an alternative, rather indirect solution that might improve the whole IPRs environment and ease the longstanding strife between access to health and patent protection. This paper argues that increase of the overall standard in developing and least developed countries through provision of better education, in turn, supported by IPRs resources, can contribute to better access to healthcare and novel patented medicines. For this purpose, an analytical method is used going through various approaches to IPRs ranging from public-private interests, information and patents, individualism and IPRs as well as looking into the concept of knowledge economy. Human rights, albeit the common battleground, deserve their rightful place in this paper, however, they are not directly addressed to leave room for the other aspects mentioned. It concludes with the findings that IPRs contribution to education might be beneficial for both IPRs holders and the general society. This article derives from a doctoral dissertation “Biotechnology Patent Protection in the Information Era” to be defended in the spring term of 2022-2023 at the Istanbul Commerce University (Istanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi).
12
Schmidt, Susan, Johannes Schneider, Thomas Klimach, Stephan Mertes, Ludwig Paul Schenk, Piotr Kupiszewski, Joachim Curtius, and Stephan Borrmann. "Online single particle analysis of ice particle residuals from mountain-top mixed-phase clouds using laboratory derived particle type assignment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-575-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In situ single particle analysis of ice particle residuals (IPRs) and out-of-cloud aerosol particles was conducted by means of laser ablation mass spectrometry during the intensive INUIT-JFJ/CLACE campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) in January–February 2013. During the 4-week campaign more than 70 000 out-of-cloud aerosol particles and 595 IPRs were analyzed covering a particle size diameter range from 100 nm to 3 µm. The IPRs were sampled during 273 h while the station was covered by mixed-phase clouds at ambient temperatures between −27 and −6 °C. The identification of particle types is based on laboratory studies of different types of biological, mineral and anthropogenic aerosol particles. The outcome of these laboratory studies was characteristic marker peaks for each investigated particle type. These marker peaks were applied to the field data. In the sampled IPRs we identified a larger number fraction of primary aerosol particles, like soil dust (13 ± 5 %) and minerals (11 ± 5 %), in comparison to out-of-cloud aerosol particles (2.4 ± 0.4 and 0.4 ± 0.1 %, respectively). Additionally, anthropogenic aerosol particles, such as particles from industrial emissions and lead-containing particles, were found to be more abundant in the IPRs than in the out-of-cloud aerosol. In the out-of-cloud aerosol we identified a large fraction of aged particles (31 ± 5 %), including organic material and secondary inorganics, whereas this particle type was much less abundant (2.7 ± 1.3 %) in the IPRs. In a selected subset of the data where a direct comparison between out-of-cloud aerosol particles and IPRs in air masses with similar origin was possible, a pronounced enhancement of biological particles was found in the IPRs.
13
Martins, Renato Parsekian. "Desgastes interproximais no presente (e no passado também) - Parte I." Revista Clínica de Ortodontia Dental Press 21, no. 2 (May 25, 2022): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2675-486x.21.2.026-036.bio.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: Desgastes interproximais (IPRs) são pro- cedimentos seguros e estabelecidos há décadas na Ortodontia. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo, em sua primeira parte, visa descrever as indicações de realização dos IPRs para ajustar discrepâncias de tamanho dentário, além de desmistificar a sua relação direta com qualquer abordagem de tratamento ortodôntico. São apresentados exemplos de como optar entre IPRs e abertura de espaços na arcada oposta, para ajustar essas discrepâncias.
14
Meghwal, Manohar Lal, Lalit Dhurve, Sumit Raj, Nahida Afreen, Abhijeet, Somdutt Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar Maurya, and Arun Kumar. "A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Intellectual Property Rights on the Global Agricultural Economy." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 12 (December 23, 2023): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122316.
Full textAbstract:
The agricultural sector is no stranger to the importance of intellectual property, as it serves as a catalyst for innovation, facilitates the transfer of technology, and safeguards the rights of creators and inventors. By examining the effects of IPRs on various dimensions, this paper seeks to shed light on the far-reaching implications for the agricultural industry worldwide. First and foremost, the review explores the intricate relationship between IPRs and agricultural research and development. IPRs are known to provide essential incentives for scientists and researchers to engage in ground-breaking agri-scientific endeavors, leading to advancements in productivity, sustainability, and food security. By offering legal protection and rewards for their innovations, IPRs encourage investment in agricultural R&D, driving progress in crop improvement, genetics, and biotechnology. Furthermore, the review delves into the impact of IPRs on farmers' access to seeds and genetic resources. While strong intellectual property regimes ensure fair compensation for breeders and innovators, concerns arise regarding the potentially limited access to seeds, especially for small-scale farmers in developing countries. Balancing the rights of breeders and the needs of farmers becomes a crucial aspect of agricultural policy formulation, aiming for a sustainable and inclusive agricultural system. Additionally, the review scrutinizes how IPRs affect the overall competitiveness of the agricultural market. IPRs enable agricultural enterprises to gain a competitive advantage through exclusive rights over their unique plant varieties, processes, or technologies. However, the high costs associated with intellectual property protection may pose barriers for smaller farmers and agricultural communities, exacerbating inequalities within the sector. While intellectual property rights undoubtedly play a vital role in fostering agricultural innovation and protection, the review also sheds light on the challenges and controversies associated with IPRs. The potential negative impacts on small-scale farmers, the concerns surrounding access to genetic resources, and the implications for biodiversity conservation all warrant careful consideration in the formulation of IPR policies. Through a comprehensive analysis of scholarly articles, reports, and case studies, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers concerned with the multifaceted impacts of intellectual property rights on the global agricultural economy. By understanding these complexities, it becomes possible to strike a balance that maximizes the benefits of IPRs while ensuring equitable and sustainable agricultural development.
15
Saini, Swati. "LINKAGES BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIME AND INCOME INEQUALITY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i3.2018.180.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the impact of strengthening Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on within-country income inequality for a cross-section of 65 developed and developing countries for the time period 1995-2009.The results indicated that strengthening of IPRs led to an increase in income inequality in WTO-member developing countries after they started modifying their national IPR regimes to conform to the TRIPs requirements. IPRs tend to raise income inequality by generating a more skewed distribution of wages. Stronger IPRs increased the demand for skilled labor force as it raised the return on R&D activities. This caused a relative increase in skilled labor wages, creating a wage bias in favor of skilled labor against unskilled labor, thus aggravating income inequality within a developing country. Moreover, the effect on inequality was more pronounced for developing countries that were experiencing higher per capita GDP growth rates. As for the developed countries included in the sample, the analysis seemed to suggest that IPRs led to a decline in income inequality over the study period.
16
Lexchin, Joel. "Intellectual Property Rights and the Canadian Pharmaceutical Marketplace: Where Do We Go from Here?" International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 2 (April 2005): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/y8ur-ywvr-budp-cdr0.
Full textAbstract:
Patent protection for prescription drugs has a long and contentious history in Canada. Bills C-22 and C-91, passed as part of Canada's commitment to various trade deals, first weakened and then abolished compulsory licensing. In order to decide on a future course of action that Canada should take on intellectual property rights (IPRs), it is useful to review downstream effects that resulted from C-22 and C-91. This article examines changes to employment, Canada's balance of trade in pharmaceuticals, investment in research and development, and drug expenditures. The author then reviews the arguments advanced by the pharmaceutical industry in favor of stronger protection for IPRs, the recent complaints made against Canada at the World Trade Organization regarding pharmaceutical IPRs, and the continuing argument about the “evergreening” of patents. Also discussed are the second-draft text agreement of the Free Trade Area of the Americas, which will, if implemented, have significant repercussions for pharmaceutical IPRs in Canada, and some ways in which patents distort the marketplace for drugs. The article concludes with some alternative recommendations on the future of IPRs.
17
V.R, Moneyveena. "Jurisprudential Exposition of Intellectual Property Rights." Commerce & Business Researcher 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.59640/cbr.v14i1.95-104.
Full textAbstract:
Human beings possess human rights, fundamental rights, statutory rights and natural rights. Property may be tangible, intangible, movable, immovable etc. Properties like house, land, jewellery, utensils etc can be seen and we can store movable properties somewhere safe. Some properties or rights human beings are entitled to, which cannot be seen or kept in safe places and these properties are the creation of human mind known as intellectual property. For the overall development of a nation, granting of intellectual property rights (IPR) is inevitable. But IPRs are being subjected to various criticisms like it is against human rights, equality, human dignity, ethics, competition law etc. This paper is an attempt to analyse the different IPRs, legislative frameworks, criticisms levelled against IPRs and also some suggestions for the proper balancing of IPRs and rights of the society. The work is completed using various text books on IPR, web sites, cases of various courts, international documents and statutes. The outcome expected is to create awareness and a clear knowledge about the various IPRs, the rights of IPR holders, remedies for infringement of rights etc.
18
Ching-Yung, Wang. "The Effect of IPR on the Condition of SMEs Survival; An Empirical Study of 800 SMEs of Company A from 1991 to the End of 2017 in Taiwan." Advanced Journal of Social Science 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2018): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajss.3.1.8-22.
Full textAbstract:
Any powerful treatise comes from qualified enough evidence in Scientific Century 21th. Empirical research can supplement that lack of sufficient evidence to build stronger. There are many topics to discuss how important IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights) or ICs (Intellectual Property Rights Capital) are, but lack of advanced analysis for how separate countable IPRs affect SMEs in detail. We utilize 800 enterprises, which have a real trading record with company A from 1991 to 2017 and have paid tax to government, to analyze above problem through correlations, hypothesis and regression methods. The goal of this research is to supplement existing shortage evidence in details not to argue any questions for any researcher. We hope the outcome of this research can be a worthful and a better reference or guidance for those SMEs, or entrepreneurs, or managers, or government…etc. in the future. We know that power of life comes from the condition of Survival, at the same time, all continuous contribution of SMEs come from the condition of SMEs Survival, too. Here, the major goals of this study are how separate countable IPRs affects the condition of SMEs Survival to support those propositions, what emphasize the importance of IPRs. Finally, we suggest a guideline of IPRs investment priority sequence for those leaders or owners of entrepreneurs, SMEs…etc., who plan to make IPRs investment strategy decision.
19
May, Christopher. "Cosmopolitan Legalism Meets ‘Thin Community’: Problems in the Global Governance of Intellectual Property." Government and Opposition 39, no. 3 (2004): 393–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.000128.x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe making of knowledge and information into property, through intellectual property rights (IPRs) has commonly been justified using a set of cosmopolitan norms. These norms of justification have been extensively deployed within the structures of global governance for IPRs. However, the political community that underpins such norms in national jurisdictions is lacking at the global level. Many of the political problems now recognized with the globalized protection of IPRs stem from this tension between cosmopolitan legalism and the contemporary ‘thin’ global community.
20
Ferguson, Alexander. "A reply to: Chorzów Factory – intellectual property and the continuity of international law in investor-state dispute settlement." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, no. 4 (January 4, 2022): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.04.05.
Full textAbstract:
The case involving the nitrate factory at Chorzów, Upper Silesia has been the subject of much academic commentary. Last year the intellectual property aspects of the case were explored in this journal. In this reply, I express doubts about whether the case involved the expropriation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for two reasons. First, there are grounds to question the existence of IPRs. Second, even if there were IPRs, the Permanent Court of International Justice does not appear to have found that IPRs were taken. Instead, the case serves as a reminder of the importance of identifying the legal status of an IPR in the relevant territory when seeking to protect it under international law. * My thanks to Martyna Mielniczuk-Skibicka and Kacper Górniak. All errors are my own.
21
Hiyoshi, Yasunaga, Hidenobu Hashimoto, Takayuki Kabuki, Mikihito Toda, and Harumizu Sakurada. "Prediction of atrial fibrillation using a home blood pressure monitor with a high-resolution system." Open Heart 9, no. 2 (September 2022): e002006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2022-002006.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThe usefulness of screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) using several home blood pressure (BP) monitors has been reported. We evaluated the accuracy of a high-resolution system (HiRS) for AF prediction and its usefulness when installed in home BP monitors.MethodsIn patients with paroxysmal, persistent or permanent AF, ECG recording and BP measurements were performed simultaneously. The relationship between ECG rhythm diagnosis and pulse irregularity recognition, using a home BP monitor with HiRS, was investigated. The severity of a pulse disturbance during BP measurement was displayed as an irregular pulse rhythm symbol (IPRS) in three instances. The IPRS was not displayed if the pulse was regular, turned on if there was a weak variation in the pulse, and blinked if there was a strong variation in the pulse.ResultsOne hundred and seven patients (44 paroxysmal AF, 63 persistent or permanent AF) were enrolled, and a total of 333 recordings were analysed. The rhythms recorded by each ECG were 73 sinus regular rhythms, 35 extrasystoles, 222 AFs and 3 atrial flutters. Sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of any arrhythmia by the IPRS display of the BP monitor were 95.8% (95% CI 92.6% to 97.6%) and 96.8% (95% CI 92.6% to 100%), respectively. In addition, sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of AF were 100% (95% CI 97.5% to 100%) and 74.8% (95% CI 65.6% to 82.5%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of AF by the IPRS blinking display were 88.3% (95% CI 83.3% to 92.2%) and 94.6% (95% CI 88.6% to 98.0%%), respectively. IPRS exhibited lighting or blinking during AF occurrence; however, during sinus rhythm, IPRS was not displayed in 72 out of 73 recordings.ConclusionThe IPRS device predicted AF with precision and may be particularly useful for predicting an arrhythmia attack in patients with paroxysmal AF.
22
OLAGUNJU, Olasunkanmi Olusogo. "A Précis on Intellectual Property Rights: Challenges and Prospects for Nigeria's Economy." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.3(2).
Full textAbstract:
Objective - This research study examines the benefits and advantages associated with Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in Nigeria's ecosystem. It scrutinises the contributions of safety or security of heroic inventions and innovations to economic growth. Methodology/Technique – With the adoption of institutional theory, this study examines the pertinent legal instruments, administration and challenges of IPRs in Nigeria. The paper is specifically built on content analysis, key informant interviews, and expert insights which are used to unearth the institutional framework for transforming IPRs into sustainable economic or financial assets. Finding – Based on content validity of the research, it is concluded that IPRs can be transformed into sustainable economic wealth or tangible financial resources with the creation of institutional apparatus for mitigating theft, piracy, or illegal transfer of IPRs in Nigeria as well as other developing nations. Consequently, some key policy suggestions necessary to secure IPRs for economic growth or optimal performance are espoused in this study. Novelty - The paper makes findings relevant to how institutional weaknesses actually spearhead the growth of theft, piracy, and illegal exchange or utilisation of intellectual resources of Nigeria. Type of Paper: Review. JEL Classification: O31, O43, K21, O1, O17 Keywords: Institution; Rights; Economy; Property; Security; Administration. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: OLAGUNJU, O.O. 2020. A Precís on Intellectual Property Rights: Challenges and Prospects for Nigeria's Economy, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 8(3): 153 – 161. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.3(2)
23
Brillon, Cherish Aileen. "Darna and Intellectual Property Rights." Plaridel 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2007.4.1-05cbrlln.
Full textAbstract:
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become a contentious issue given the debate on piracy. Previously, IPRs were considered tools to create innovative works. However, in the recent years, owners of the copyright, particularly corporations, have found out that licensing copyrighted characters is a lucrative business due to people’s familiarity with them. This study analyzes the implications of IPRs in the business and creative aspects of a popular Filipino superhero in the country — Mars Ravelo’s Darna — via a fan-created website, Branded’s merchandising and licensing of Darna shirts, and GMA’s serialization of Darna aired last April 2005 The study shows that today’s definition of IPRs restricts the creativity of those who reproduce the characters and prevents the “common” people from recreating, reinventing and reproducing materials using their own interpretation especially if they use copyrighted materials since they would need to ask permission, pay royalties, and go through corporations. In this regard, the democratic space that the Internet provides seems to be the last bastion of hope for those who really care about the true ideals of IPRs. However, this is also now in danger of being overtaken by corporations that will do everything to “protect” their interests.
24
Torres, Haroldo da Gama, Maria Paula Ferreira, and Nádia Pinheiro Dini. "Indicadores sociais: por que construir novos indicadores como o IPRS." São Paulo em Perspectiva 17, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-88392003000300009.
Full textAbstract:
O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a experiência da Fundação Seade na construção de indicadores sociais, particularmente o Índice Paulista de Responsabilidade Social - IPRS e seu sistema de indicadores. Também são apresentados os resultados do IPRS 2000.
25
Asongu, Simplice. "Software piracy, inequality and the poor: evidence from Africa." Journal of Economic Studies 41, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 526–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-10-2012-0141.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Poverty and inequality undoubtedly remain substantial challenges to economic and human developments amid growing emphasis on intellectual property rights (IPRs) (with recent advances in information and communication technology (ICTs)) and good governance. In the first empirical study on the incidence of piracy on inequality in Africa, the purpose of this paper is to examine how a plethora of factors (IPRs laws, education and ICTs and government quality) are instrumental in the piracy-inequality nexus. Design/methodology/approach – Two-stage least squares estimation approaches are applied in which piracy is instrumented with IPRs regimes (treaties), education and ICTs and government quality dynamics. Findings – The main finding suggests that, software piracy is good for the poor as it has a positive income-redistributive effect; consistent with economic and cultural considerations from recent literature. ICTs and education (dissemination of knowledge) are instrumental in this positive redistributive effect, while good governance mitigates inequality beyond the piracy channel. Practical implications – As a policy implication, in the adoption IPRs, sampled countries should take account of the role less stringent IPRs regimes play on income-redistribution through software piracy. Collateral benefits include among others, the cheap dissemination of knowledge through ICTs which African countries badly need in their quest to become “knowledge economies.” A caveat, however, is that, too much piracy may decrease incentives to innovate. Hence, the need to adopt tighter IPRs regimes in tandem with increasing income-equality. Originality/value – It is the first empirical assessment of the incidence of piracy on inequality in Africa: a continent with stubbornly high poverty and inequality rates.
26
Sardaro, Ruggiero, Daniela Panio, Paweł Chmieliński, and Piermichele La Sala. "Efficiency of the Integrated Production Systems: Evidence from the Winegrowing Firms in Italy." Sustainability 16, no. 11 (June 1, 2024): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114726.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy, the environmental sustainability of the agricultural sector is regulated by the National Integrated Production Quality System. It is the foundation of the regional Integrated Production Regulations (IPRs), which identify voluntary agronomic strategies on the use of pesticides, fertilisers, and irrigation water, as well as on soil and plant management. The aim is a reduction in the environmental impacts of the agricultural processes and an increase in the production quality. However, the direct relationship between environmental and economic sustainability of the regional IPRs is not obvious and its absence could weaken the economic efficiency of firms. The study, through the stochastic frontier (SF) method, investigates the possible inefficiencies of the regional winegrowing firms that voluntarily adhere to the Apulian IPRs. The results highlight that some measures in the IPRs aimed at preserving the local agroecosystems (soil management and use of resistant varieties) are efficient, therefore allowing for an increase in the production value and quality. On the contrary, crucial measures concerning the management of irrigation water and pesticides decrease efficiency. Thus, more thoughtful measures are requested by policy makers to improve the economic impacts of the regional IPRs on firms and to make possible a certain convergence between environmental and economic sustainability.
27
Xiaohui, Tao, Zhang Yaohui, and Zhou Yi. "The Management System of Enterprises’ Intellectual Property Rights." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2012010105.
Full textAbstract:
Strengthening the management of IPRs (intellectual property rights) is one of the most important ways to improve an enterprise’s innovative capability. NST (NineStar Technology Co., Ltd, in Zhuhai, China) wins the recognition of both the domestic and the foreign markets through building an advanced IPRs management system to promote their products and institutional innovation, and to respond positively to foreign patents litigations. Based on the case of NST, combined with related literatures, this paper introduced the six components of an enterprise’s IPRs management system: information system, strategic system, establishing system, development system, protection system, and operation system.
28
Al-Mawali, Nasser. "The growth-IPRs nexus in OPEC member countries: an empirical investigation." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.10.
Full textAbstract:
This study employs a parsimonious model of economic growth to investigate the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection on the economic growth of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) member countries. The growth model is estimated in the context of the Hausman-Taylor estimation technique in an annualized panel data framework. The principal finding suggests that IPRs per se are not an important factor in explaining the economic growth of OPEC member countries. However, the interaction between IPRs and trade has exerted a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of OPEC member countries
29
SEO, Hwan-Joo, Han Sung KIM, and Young Soo LEE. "DOES THE STRENGTHENING OF IPRS WIDEN THE GROWTH GAP?" Technological and Economic Development of Economy 21, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 232–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.877093.
Full textAbstract:
This article builds a model of cumulative growth in order to analyze the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and economic growth in 38 countries from 1980 to 2005. The analysis focuses on the impacts of IPRs on the growth gap between countries using a catch-up model and USPTO database. The empirical results show that the strengthening of IPRs has a positive impact on innovation in developed and developing countries in Asia, while we fail to find evidence in Latin America. Secondly, similar to assertions made by De Long and Summers (1991) and Dowrick and Nguyen (1989), investment in fixed capital plays a critical role in growth gap dynamics. What needs to be emphasized here is the cumulative causal relationship between investment and growth: investment in fixed capital improves productivity and encourages economic growth thereby triggering even more investment. This paper confirms that the strengthening of IPRs and investment in fixed capital contribute to the widening of the economic development gap for the 1980–2005 period.
30
Srinivasan, Chittur S., and Colin Thirtle. "Biotechnology, IPRs and Agriculture." Trends in Biotechnology 18, no. 11 (November 2000): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01515-8.
Full text
31
Shah, Dilip G. "Innovation, IPRs and investment." Journal of Generic Medicines 5, no. 2 (January 2008): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jgm.4950097.
Full text
32
SÁIZ, PATRICIO, and RAFAEL CASTRO. "Foreign Direct Investment and Intellectual Property Rights: International Intangible Assets in Spain over the Long Term." Enterprise & Society 18, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 846–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2016.92.
Full textAbstract:
This article reflects on foreign direct investment (FDI) and intellectual property rights (IPRs) over the long term, and analyzes the case of Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the interactions between IPRs and FDI have attracted significant research efforts in distinct economic and business areas, the results lack permanent answers. Our findings demonstrate that, from a macro-level perspective: (1) FDI and IPRs are effectively related over the long term; (2) weak IPR protection does not seem to have stopped FDI; and (3) the countries with major FDI in Spain were less worried about IPR management than were other countries with less FDI.
33
Zhang, Xizhao, Yang You, Fei Peng, Xuemei Tang, Yifan Zhou, Jianyu Liu, Danqing Lin, and Yanfeng Zhou. "Interaction of Microbiota between Fish and the Environment of an In-Pond Raceway System in a Lake." Microorganisms 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061143.
Full textAbstract:
Due to its ability to collect and remove aquaculture waste, an in-pond raceway system (IPRS) has been used to decrease the uncontrolled waste discharge in the traditional cage aquaculture method in large water bodies. However, when applied to large water bodies, its environmental performance is still lacking. This study focused on analyzing the microbial characteristics and the interaction between largemouth bass (gill and gut) microbiota and the environment (water and sediment) microbiota of an IPRS. Further, it revealed the primary relationship from the perspective of microbiota in the IPRS. The results show that (1) the alpha diversity of microbiota in the water is significantly lower than that of fish and sediment. The relationship between water microbiota and fish microbiota is limited. (2) The water microbiota inside and outside the tank showed high similarity and were not significantly affected by environmental factors. (3) The SourceTrack analysis showed that fish microbiota is one of the primary sources of sediment microbiota, and more than 15% of the sediment microbiota come from fish. Microbes such as Faecalibacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bacteroides can significantly enrich the sediment. Our study revealed the characteristics and preliminary interaction of fish and environmental microbiota in the IPRS. It provided a reference for evaluating microbial health status in the application of IPRS in large water bodies’ aquaculture.
34
Martini, Dwi, Hayyanul Haq, and Budi Sutrisno. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN OBAT-OBATAN TRADISIONAL DALAM REZIM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) INDONESIA (Studi Pada Masyarakat Tradisional Sasak)." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.6.1.2017.67-90.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.Keywords: legal protection, traditional medicine knowledge, legal void
35
Andrés, Antonio Rodríguez, and Simplice Asongu. "Global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of business software piracy." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 5 (October 10, 2016): 780–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-06-2015-0093.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine global trajectories, dynamics, and tendencies of software piracy to ease the benchmarking of current efforts toward harmonizing the standards and enforcements of intellectual property rights (henceforth IPRs) protection worldwide. Design/methodology/approach For that purpose, the authors estimate dynamic panel data models for 99 countries over the period 1994-2010. Findings The main finding suggest that, a genuine timeframe for standardizing IPRs laws in the fight against software piracy is most feasible within a horizon of 4.3-10.4 years. In other words, full (100 percent) convergence within the specified timeframe will mean the enforcements of IPRs regimes without distinction of nationality or locality within identified fundamental characteristics of software piracy. The absence of convergence (in absolute and conditional terms) for the World panel indicates that, blanket policies may not be effective unless they are contingent on the prevailing trajectories, dynamics and tendencies of software piracy. Policy implications and caveats are also discussed. Originality/value It is the first attempt to empirically assess the convergence of IPRs systems across countries.
36
Wekesa, M., A. Mikinyango, A. Okayo, K. Wekesa, and JW Sikuku. "Commercialization of Intellectual Property Rights at Universities as an Additional Revenue Stream." Law and Economy 3, no. 3 (March 2024): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/le.2024.03.06.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the commercialization of Intellectual Property (IPRs) at universities and the potential for universities in Kenya to leverage their Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) as a vital revenue source. Even though they possess significant intellectual assets, many universities have failed to utilize IPRs and in turn, losing opportunities for income generation. The paper introduces the concept of IP commercialization and the legal IP framework in Kenya and proceeds to discuss how research conducted in institutions of higher learning can be commercialized through an analysis of best practices and case studies. The discussion outlines the relevance of Intellectual Property to universities, the strategies for universities to maximize the value of their IPRs and establish sustainable income streams. Drawing upon relevant literature and academic research, it provides insights into the commercialization process, legal considerations, and the role of technology transfer offices in facilitating successful IPR monetization. The paper concludes by establishing that by implementing proactive strategies and fostering a culture of innovation, universities in Kenya can unlock the full potential of their intellectual assets and achieve financial sustainability.
37
Granstrand, Ove. "Towards a Theory of Innovation Governance and the Role of IPRs." GRUR International 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper theorizes about innovation governance, especially about governance of open innovation and the nature and role of IPRs. A reinterpretation of open innovation is offered in terms of the emergence of various types of markets for inputs to and outputs from innovative activities. These open innovation markets are typically markets for ideas, technologies, knowledge and data such as licensing markets, equity markets, and matching markets for innovation collaborations and correspond to various types of open innovation strategies viewed from the inside out in a focal firm's perspective. Open innovation – seen as a set of quasi-integrated organizational forms for innovative activities in between market and hierarchical firm organizations – is then explainable in terms of determinants of supply and demand. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) then play a new role as tools for innovation governance, thereby economizing on governance costs in an extended transaction cost framework. Licensing of usage rights is key to using IPRs for innovation governance. The by now standard property rights approach to rights in intellectual resources has to be challenged, however, and referred to as ‘intellectual rights’ rather than IPRs. In addition, the governing role of IPRs can be improved by combining them with liabilities into a hybrid approach. Organizational responsibilities provide still another institutional arrangement for innovation governance, and integration of rights, liabilities and responsibilities provide a new theoretical perspective on innovation governance – a perspective that also can provide links between organization theory, transaction cost economics and property rights theory.
38
Wang, Bill, Paul Childerhouse, Yuanfei Kang, Baofeng Huo, and Sanjay Mathrani. "Enablers of supply chain integration." Industrial Management & Data Systems 116, no. 4 (May 9, 2016): 838–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2015-0403.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Previous research on supply chain integration (SCI) enablers has primarily focussed on interorganizational relationships, the purpose of this paper is to broaden the discussion to include interpersonal relationships (IPRs). Design/methodology/approach – Based on a comprehensive literature review, a series of propositions are postulated and synthesized into a conceptual model of how IPRs maintain and enable SCI, which is decomposed into strategic alliance, information sharing, and process coordination. Findings – The authors find that IPRs including personal affection, communication, and credibility, have a positive influence on SCI, and these links are mediated by interorganizational relationships including trust, commitment, and power. Originality/value – The framework developed in this study provides new insights into the role of interpersonal networks in interorganizational relationships, which lead to SCI.
39
Sardana, Layang, Suryati Suryati, and Ramanata Disurya. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL HASIL PENELITIAN DOSEN." Solusi 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36546/solusi.v18i1.252.
Full textAbstract:
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) defines as rights about the property arising of human intellectual abilities. The skills may include the field of technology, science, art, and literature. The law must be able to protect the intellectual work so the community can develop their creativity and ultimately leads to the successful goal of protecting IPRs. The aim of this study is to explore the legal protection of IPRs for the Lectures’ research findings. This study applies normative juridical research method that focuses on positive legal norms governing the Legal Protection of IPRs for lecturers’ research findings. The results of this study are (1) a substantive requirement that requires applied patent meets requirements include brand new product, inventive, applicable through the basic provisions of article 2 to 5 of Patent Law, and (2) Based on the existence of copyrighted books, as previously reviewed that the protection system adheres to automatically protection which means in order to obtain legal protection it is not compulsory for the creator to go through the registration process as the protection is existed since the work was created, such as books copyrights.
40
Wang, Bill, Yuanfei Kang, Paul Childerhouse, and Baofeng Huo. "Interpersonal and inter-organizational relationship drivers of supply chain integration." Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, no. 6 (July 9, 2018): 1170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-05-2017-0216.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how interpersonal relationships (IPRs) and inter-organisational relationships (IORs) interact with each other as driving forces of supply chain integration (SCI). More specifically (the) three dimensions of IPR – personal affection, personal credibility, and personal communication – are examined in regards to how they affect inter-organisational relationships during SCI. Design/methodology/approach The research employed an exploratory multiple case study approach with four New Zealand case companies selected as the empirical basis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of managerial executives in relation to supply chain activities, which were triangulated with company archival data. Findings The authors found that IPRs are able to interact with IORs to influence the integration of supply chains. More specifically, IPRs influence IORs by initiating organisational relationships in the SCI context; and influences from IPR dimensions on IORs tend to be of differing magnitudes and have different evolutional paths across the whole SCI process. Originality/value This research contributes to knowledge about the roles and mechanisms through which IPRs shape and enable inter-organisational level relationships within the SCI context.
41
Winaya, Aris, Maftuchah Maftuchah, Sofyan Arif, Leila Neimane, and Ida Ekawati. "The Awareness of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) Regimes on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Agricultural Products Processing at Malang Area, East Java Province, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 374 (2023): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337400004.
Full textAbstract:
The IPRs are dealing with the ethics of trading activities. Thus, it can affect the sustainability of business activities. The objective of this study was to identify the awareness and the knowledge of the IPRs regimes on the SMEs of agricultural products processing. The survey method was conducted on the SMEs that related to processing agricultural products, like fruit and vegetable chips, potato and tubers chips, beverages, herbs, meatballs, fried chicken, dodol, and others at Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The qualitative method was applied for the collected data and analysis. The results showed that the SMEs employed around one to four people and the business specifications were on processed foods (77 %), beverages (5 %), and medicinal and herbal products (14 %). All SMEs agriculture processing products have a trademark/brand (100 %) for their products and 86% of the brand names were a new design made by the SMEs owners (50 %). But, unfortunately, around 64 % have not officially registered as the officer of the Directorate General Intellectual Property Rights, Republic of Indonesia. Hence, in the future need to encourage the SMEs for registering their IPRs to avoid IPRs problems and protected their innovation from infringements.
42
Brem, Alexander, Petra A. Nylund, and Emma L. Hitchen. "Open innovation and intellectual property rights." Management Decision 55, no. 6 (July 10, 2017): 1285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2016-0223.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between open innovation and the use of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors consider patents, industrial designs (i.e. design patents in the USA), trademarks, and copyrights. Design/methodology/approach The relationships between open innovation, IPRs, and profitability are tested with random-effects panel regressions on data from the Spanish Community Innovation Survey for 2,873 firms spanning the years 2008-2013. Findings A key result is that SMEs do not benefit from open innovation or from patenting in the same way as larger firms. Furthermore, the results show that SMEs profit in different ways from IPR, depending on their size and the corresponding IPR. Research limitations/implications The different impact of IPRs on the efficiency of open innovation in firms of varying sizes highlights the importance of further investigation into IP strategies and into open innovation in SMEs. Practical implications Industrial designs are currently the most efficient IPR for SMEs to protect their intellectual property in open innovation collaborations. Depending on the company size, the use of different IPRs is recommended. Moreover, firms should seek to increase the efficiency of open innovation and the use of IPRs. Social implications The high impact of SMEs on employment highlights the importance of fomenting efficient innovation processes in such firms. Originality/value This paper opens the black box of IPR in relation to open innovation in SMEs, and draws distinctive conclusions with regards to patents, industrial designs, trademarks, and copyrights.
43
Xianlin, Wang. "Recent Developments in China’s Antimonopoly Regulations on Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights." Antitrust Bulletin 62, no. 4 (November 14, 2017): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x17735197.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past decade, while strengthening intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, China has also explored means to regulate the abuse of IPRs. IPR protection in China is mainly based on the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML), in particular Article 55. Recent years have seen more and more judicial and administrative enforcement practices related to China’s antimonopoly regulation on the abuse of IPRs. Provisions on the Prohibition of the Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights to Eliminate or Restrict Competition was released on April 7, 2015, and the draft of Antimonopoly Guidelines in Relation to the Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights was released for public comment in early 2017. It can be expected that China’s antimonopoly guidelines on the regulation of abuses of IPRs will come out in the near future.
44
Ma, Ji. "Moving from the Brown Economy to the Green Economy: The Battle over International Intellectual Property." Journal of World Investment & Trade 23, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2022): 947–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340275.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article analyses potential intellectual-property-related disputes amid transfer of technology in the green economy within the international investment legal regime. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) protect human innovation and intellectual efforts. Tech transfer, IPRs in particular, has an important role to play in the move towards the green economy. In reality, it is the ‘private-sector-driven’ approach – foreign investment, licensing, and export – that plays the dominant role in tech transfer. Previously, private investors had brought disputes over intellectual property (IP) in the international investment legal regime. Towards the green economy, this article argues that tech transfer in the green economy can still meet more complicated challenges in the international investment legal regime due to the nature of IPRs, the sources of green tech, and the characteristics of the climate crisis.
45
Thomas, Sean. "Security interests in intellectual property: proposals for reform." Legal Studies 37, no. 2 (June 2017): 214–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12135.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers some of the difficulties arising from how English law conceptualises certain types of security interests over IPRs, and the problems arising from dual registration systems. This analysis is informed by a critical comparison of the current English doctrine, alongside the US system and the proposals from UNCITRAL. It is argued that attempts to regulate a world of integrated goods (whereby goods and software are inextricably interconnected), through unintegrated regimes of legal governance of security interests over goods and IPRs, is unsustainable. It will thus be argued that reform of security interest law generally (to bring about a functional system of security) and a single register for security interests whether over goods or IPRs is necessary. Specific recommendations to deal with problems concerning purchase money security interests, and third-party purchasers, are put forward.
46
Malele, Vusumuzi. "THE ROLE OF INNOVATION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE INFORMAL SECTOR." ICTACT Journal on Management Studies 08, no. 03 (August 1, 2022): 1599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijms.2022.0235.
Full textAbstract:
As countries endeavor to migrate from resource-based to knowledge-based economies, innovation and intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become indispensable and are now regarded as the currency of the knowledge economy. In developing countries, they are key drivers and enablers for technological growth and sustainable economic development. Balancing the rights of the innovators and consumers so that innovators could recoup financial rewards from their investment has not been fully exploited. This paper investigates the role of innovation and IPRs in the informal sectors and their impact on the development of economies. Methodologically, the critical literature analysis was adopted in this paper. The study reveals that IPRs, innovation and creativity can drive sustainable development. Future research could focus on how the different innovation types, approaches, and models could be inculcated as practical sessions in the students’ curriculum to develop student-led SMEs.
47
Portolese, Giovana Camila, and André Folloni. "Digitalization, IPRs and tax innovation." International Review of Sociology 28, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2018.1529105.
Full text
48
Alili Sulejmani, Liza, Fjolla Ejupi, and Rengin Ak. "THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 58, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5801029a.
Full textAbstract:
For a long time, scholars and governments had been dealing with the question of whether there is a nexus between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and economic development, and if so, how strong is the link. From the studies done until now, we have clearly indicated that the impact of IPRs is a complex issue and significantly varies across industries and across development stages. The conclusions of the economic literature are ambiguous: some studies conclude that this connection is apparently strong, while others conclude the connection of IPRs and economic development to be fairly weak. Nevertheless, the income of the country is an important determinant while analyzing the impact of IPRs on economic growth of a country. The effect of IPRs protection on growth depends upon the level of development. It is positively and significantly related to growth for low-and high-income countries, but not for middle-income countries. This suggests that, although IPRs connection is quite significant for high-income and low-income countries, middle-income countries are not a typical case of it.The study looks at the impact of intellectual property rights on the economic growth for the case of the Republic of North Macedonia. To address some of the issues concerning IPRs, this study defines what Intellectual Property Rights are, their definition, history, protection, regime, their instruments, international and national laws etc. It also attempts to evaluate the relationship between the protection of intellectual property and economic activity in the Republic of North Macedonia.Despite many inquiries into this particular field, it is important to accentuate that there is less research made on intellectual property rights and economic growth that is focused on data in a transitional context. Therefore, there is a significant gap in this area, which is evident from the dispersed regulation of the intellectual property rights in the Republic of North Macedonia. Put differently, there is no State Office for Intellectual Property, but State Office for Industrial Property. This makes research in this field even more complicated.In the case of the Republic of North Macedonia this is a highly new prosperous field where less research is done. Therefore, the research results will highly contribute regarding this field to the country and its government regarding the economic development of the country as well as the establishment of the new sphere such as intellectual property.Results of econometric modeling and the analysis of gathered data will provide the empirical evidence for the nexus between intellectual property rights and economic growth of the Republic of North Macedonia. Moreover, the research will discuss the reform of IPR’s regime and will offer recommendations for their enforcement and administration.
49
Heo, Yoon, and Nguyen K. Doanh. "Intellectual Property Rights, Imitative Ability and Export Performance: The Korean Experience." International Studies Review 13, no. 1 (October 15, 2012): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01301002.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the impacts of IPR protection in foreign countries on Korea's export performance. The empirical analysis in this paper differs from those in previous studies in several respects. First, the impact of IPRs is firstly forced to be uniform across sectors and then is allowed to differ across sectors so that industry-specific evidence can be documented. Second, in order to analyze the impact of IPR protection on trade, we employ the random-effects model to incorporate differences between cross-sectional entities by allowing the intercept to change, but the amount of change is random. Third, the study is based on an analysis of the most recent panel data which allow the patent regime to change over time. Finally, this study provides new evidence regarding the linkage between IPRs and trade with a focus on Korea. Our major findings are summarized as follows. First, reinforced IPR protection in foreign countries has a positive effect on Korea's total exports, indicating the dominance of market expansion effects. Second, stronger protection of IPRs induces Korea's exports to all foreign countries regardless of their level of development. The effects are stronger in medium-income and high-income countries. Third, Korea tends to export more to countries with strong imitative ability when the IPR protection in those countries is strengthened. Finally, stronger protection of IPRs in foreign countries with weak imitative ability leads to an ambiguous reduction in Korea's exports. Efforts to increase the GDP, improve social infrastructure, accelerate domestic reforms (openness to trade), and strengthen IPR protection in foreign countries are suggested as a remedy for obstacles to Korea's exports. Importantly, strengthening of IPRs would have the greatest effect if foreign GDP also rose.
50
Degu, Temesgen Abebe. "A Critical Examination of Breeders’ Monopoly Rights to the Detriment of Farmers under the Ethiopian Plant Breeders’ Rights Law." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i3.44266.
Full textAbstract:
Agricultural innovations have for long remained outside the domain of Intellectual property rights (IPRs) due to ethical and socioeconomic grounds. With the advent of modern agro- biotechnology, however, the sector is subjected to IPRs. Particularly, the TRIPS Agreement provides that plant varieties (PVP) shall be protected either through patent or an effective soi generic system, or a combination thereof. In this regard, Ethiopia adopted plant breeders’ rights (PBRs’) law in 2006. This article aims at evaluating the monopoly rights of private breeders in comparison with farmers’ rights on the basis of various ethical and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, the second section overviews the introduction of IPRs in the agricultural sector. Section three deals with PVP under the TRIPS Agreement and the flexibility thereunder. After briefly introducing the Ethiopian PBRs’ law in section four, the pros and cons of PVP is addressed under section five. Section six evaluates farmers’ rights under the Ethiopian PBRs’ law. The last section concludes the article.