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1
Leite, Nelson Paiva Oliveira, and Marco Aurélio Carvalho. "iPCM Telemetry System." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581464.
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ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe execution of experimental Flight Test Campaign (FTC) provides all information required for the aircraft development, operation and certification. Typically the execution of a FTC encompasses three major systems as follows: Flight Test Instrumentation System (FTI) that is basically a measurement system; Real-Time Telemetry Link (RTL); and Ground Telemetry System (GTS). At the early days, for the development of small aircrafts (i.e. Fighter), the primary source for FTI data was provided by the RTL due to inherent limitations of the open reel airborne data recorders (i.e. media and size), operating under high-dynamics condition. Nowadays with the introduction of solid-state data recording devices, data integrity and reliability is no longer an issue. At the ITC 2010 Blue Ribbon Panel, Mr. Thomas Beard, the executive Director of the Air Force Flight Test Center in Edwards Air Force Base emphasized the need to reduce refly and to improve FTC efficiency. Such statement imposes a new paradigm in Telemetry, which is to improve RTL integrity and reliability level equivalent to the solid-state data recording devices. Therefore the Telemetry community will be able to execute test point validation for refly reduction and quasi realtime data reduction analysis for efficiency improvement. The major solutions that address such issue are Spatial Diversity (SD) architectures and the iNet. The SD solution requires multiple antenna system (which is very expensive) that could still produce ineffective results at high-dynamics test points (e.g. Spin). At the beginning the iNet consortium proposed the usage of TCP protocol for data transmission. Problems associated with TCP limitations such as data latency and overhead lead to the usage of UDP protocol that does not guarantee the packet delivery. To properly address these issues the IPEV R&D group proposes the iPCM Telemetry architecture to be used as RTL. The iPCM uses hybrid architecture for data transmission taking the advantage of legacy digital transmitters combined with iNet-based transceivers to retrieve missing data. The development and the evaluation of iPCM architecture will be executed as a PhD Thesis in ITA University. The expected performance and benefits of iPCM are presented and discussed.
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Carvalho, Marco Aurélio. "IPCM Telemetry System: Experimental Results." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596440.
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ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NVThe aeronautical industries have been suffering financial cutbacks and the market has to face new challenges associated with new companies. Telemetry community has been facing the increase of the electromagnetic spectrum usage for a variety of applications (e.g. 4G), after all telemetry is everywhere. In view of these issues and focused on the inherent requirements of the Flight Test application, the IPEV R&D group proposes the iPCM Telemetry architecture as solution for the existing reliability and bandwidth issues associated with the telemetry link. In this article, as a proof-of-concept of the iPCM architecture, it has been performed an experimental assembly. The results demonstrate the iPCM's ability to regenerate corrupted data providing the required data integrity and reliability, besides the capability to dynamically select the FTI transmitted parameter list to optimize the bandwidth link.
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Kowalczyk, Philippe. "Super-réseaux GeTe/Sb2Te3 pour les mémoires iPCM : croissance PVD par épitaxie van der Waals et étude de leur structure." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT109/document.
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Afin de faire face à la demande croissante de mémoires de plus en plus performantes dans les systèmes informatiques, de nouvelles technologies se sont développées. Parmi elles, les mémoires résistives à changement de phase (ou PCM pour Phase-Change Memory) ont des propriétés et une maturité suffisante pour développer les nouvelles mémoires SCM (pour Storage Class Memory) comme en témoigne la récente commercialisation des produits Optane par la firme INTEL®. Néanmoins, la consommation énergétique des PCM lors de leur programmation reste élevée, ce qui limite leurs performances. L’intégration de super-réseaux (GeTe)2/(Sb2Te3)m dans des mémoires dites iPCM (pour interfacial Phase-Change Memory) est une des voies les plus prometteuse pour permettre une diminution significative des courants de programmation. Cependant, le mécanisme de transition des iPCM et la structure du matériau dans ses deux états de résistances sont encore méconnus. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’élaborer des super-réseaux (GeTe)2/(Sb2Te3)m (m=1,2,4 et 8) cristallins, de déterminer leur structure puis de les intégrer dans des dispositifs mémoires. La pulvérisation cathodique alternée des matériaux GeTe et Sb2Te3 dans un équipement industriel de dépôt est utilisée pour effectuer l’épitaxie van der Waals de ces super-réseaux. Une optimisation du procédé par l’ajout d’une cible de Te en co-pulvérisation avec la cible de Sb2Te3 montre l’obtention de super-réseaux stœchiométriques présentant la périodicité souhaitée, ainsi qu’une orientation des plans cristallins (0 0 l) parallèle à la surface du substrat. Une description de l’ordre atomique local des super-réseaux ainsi optimisés est ensuite menée par l’étude d’images HAADF-STEM couplée à des simulations. Celle-ci révèle un phénomène d’inter-diffusion entre les couches de GeTe et de Sb2Te3 déposées aboutissant à la formation locale de GexSbyTez rhomboédriques, des mesures quantitatives de l’occupation des plans atomiques en Ge/Sb confirment aussi le phénomène. De plus, un modèle de structure à longue distance de ces super-réseaux considérant un empilement aléatoire de blocs cristallins permet la simulation des courbes de diffraction obtenues expérimentalement. Enfin, les premières intégrations des super-réseaux (GeTe)2/(Sb2Te3)m dans des dispositifs mémoires mettent en évidence une réduction importante des courants de programmation jusqu’à 4 fois inférieurs à une PCM et avec une endurance dépassant les 10 millions cyclesIn order to satisfy the demand for more and more efficient memory in computer systems, new technologies have been developed. Among the latter resistive phase-change memories (PCM) exhibit capacities and sufficient maturity to achieve the so-called new SCM (for Storage Class Memory) devices as evidenced by the recent commercialization of Optane products by INTEL®. Nevertheless, PCM still require strong electrical consumption limiting their performance. Integration of (GeTe)2/(Sb2Te3)m superlattices in so-called iPCM (for interfacial Phase Change Memory) was shown to permit a significant decrease in programming currents. However, the switching mechanism of this memory and the structure of the material in its two resistance states are still under debate. The aim of this thesis is therefore to deposit crystalline (GeTe)2/(Sb2Te3)m (m=1,2,4 et 8) superlattices, to determine their structure and to integrate them into memory devices. GeTe and Sb2Te3 materials are alternately deposited by means of sputtering in an industrial deposition tool to perform van der Waals epitaxy of these superlattices. Stoichiometric superlattices with the desired periodicity and with an orientation of the (0 0 l) crystalline planes parallel to the surface of the substrate are obtained by innovative co-sputtering of Sb2Te3 and Te targets during Sb2Te3 deposition. A description of the local atomic order of superlattices is then carried out by studying HAADF-STEM images coupled to simulations. Intermixing between GeTe and Sb2Te3 deposited layers is thus revealed, leading to the local formation of rhombohedral GexSbyTez. Quantitative measurements of the Ge/Sb atomic plans occupation in further confirm the phenomenon. A long-range order structural model of superlattices by means of random stacking of crystalline blocks allows the simulation of experimental diffraction curves. Finally, the first integrations of (GeTe)2/(Sb2Te3)m (with m=1,2,4 et 8) superlattices in devices demonstrate a programming current up to 4 times lower than a PCM reference with an endurance exceeding 10 millions cycles
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De, Paoli Damien, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Multiple strategy process migration." Deakin University. School of Computing and Mathematics, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.115628.
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The future of computing lies with distributed systems, i.e. a network of workstations controlled by a modern distributed operating system. By supporting load balancing and parallel execution, the overall performance of a distributed system can be improved dramatically. Process migration, the act of moving a running process from a highly loaded machine to a lightly loaded machine, could be used to support load balancing, parallel execution, reliability etc.
This thesis identifies the problems past process migration facilities have had and determines the possible differing strategies that can be used to resolve these problems. The result of this analysis has led to a new design philosophy. This philosophy requires the design of a process migration facility and the design of an operating system to be conducted in parallel.
Modern distributed operating systems follow the microkernel and client/server paradigms. Applying these design paradigms, in conjunction with the requirements of both process migration and a distributed operating system, results in a system where each resource is controlled by a separate server process. However, a process is a complex resource composed of simple resources such as data structures, an address space and communication state. For this reason, a process migration facility does not directly migrate the resources of a process. Instead, it requests the appropriate servers to transfer the resources. This novel solution yields a modular, high performance facility that is easy to create, debug and maintain. Furthermore, the design easily incorporates providing multiple migration strategies.
In order to verify the validity of this design, a process migration facility was developed and tested within RHODOS (ResearcH Oriented Distributed Operating System). RHODOS is a modern microkernel and client/server based distributed operating system. In RHODOS, a process is composed of at least three separate resources: process state - maintained by a process manager, address space - maintained by a memory manager and communication state - maintained by an InterProcess Communication Manager (IPCM). The RHODOS multiple strategy migration manager utilises the services of the process, memory and IPC Managers to migrate the resources of a process. Performance testing of this facility indicates that this design is as fast or better than existing systems which use faster hardware. Furthermore, by studying the results of the performance test
ing, the conditions under which a particular strategy should be employed have been identified.
This thesis also addresses heterogeneous process migration. The current trend is to have islands of homogeneous workstations amid a sea of heterogeneity. From this situation and the current literature on the topic, heterogeneous process migration can be seen as too inefficient for general use. Instead, only homogeneous workstations should be used for process migration. This implies a need to locate homogeneous workstations. Entities called traders, which store and disseminate knowledge about the resources of several workstations, should be used to provide resource discovery. Resource discovery will enable the detection of homogeneous workstations to which processes can be migrated.
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Gouge, Dawn H., and Kirk A. Smith. "School IPM." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216529.
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Brandis, Robert Craig. "IPPM : Interactive parallel program monitor." Full text open access at:, 1986. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,111.
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Samiuddin, Asim. "IPAM : a web-based IP/DNS management system /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422961.
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Högberg, Sverker. "Utveckling av rättvisebegreppet i IPCC-rapporterna 1990 - 2014." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139012.
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Rapporterna från FN:s klimatpanel (IPCC) sammanfattar resultat från naturvetenskaplig forskning om klimatförändringarna och deras globala effekter. Sedan 2007 ingår även resultat från samhällsvetenskaplig forskning, vilket har ökat rapporternas betydelse som underlag för klimatarbetet. I uppsatsen studeras utvecklingen och användningen av ett samhällsvetenskapligt begrepp rättvisa, som visar sig ha ökat med tiden.
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Yun, Kwan Soo. "A novel three-finger IPMC gripper for microscale applications." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5792.
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Smart materials have been widely used for control actuation. A robotic hand can
be equipped with artificial tendons and sensors for the operation of its various joints
mimicking human-hand motions. The motors in the robotic hand could be replaced with
novel electroactive-polymer (EAP) actuators. In the three-finger gripper proposed in this
paper, each finger can be actuated individually so that dexterous handling is possible,
allowing precise manipulation.
In this dissertation, a microscale position-control system using a novel EAP is
presented. A third-order model was developed based on the system identification of the
EAP actuator with an AutoRegresive Moving Average with eXogenous input (ARMAX)
method using a chirp signal input from 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz limited to 7 ñ V. With the
developed plant model, a digital PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller was
designed with an integrator anti-windup scheme. Test results on macro (0.8-mm) and
micro (50-üm) step responses of the EAP actuator are provided in this dissertation and its
position tracking capability is demonstrated. The overshoot decreased from 79.7% to 37.1%, and the control effort decreased by 16.3%. The settling time decreased from 1.79
s to 1.61 s. The controller with the anti-windup scheme effectively reduced the
degradation in the system performance due to actuator saturation. EAP microgrippers
based on the control scheme presented in this paper will have significant applications
including picking-and-placing micro-sized objects or as medical instruments.
To develop model-based control laws, we introduced an approximated linear
model that represents the electromechanical behavior of the gripper fingers. Several chirp
voltage signal inputs were applied to excite the IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite)
fingers in the interesting frequency range of [0.01 Hz, 5 Hz] for 40 s at a sampling
frequency of 250 Hz. The approximated linear Box-Jenkins (BJ) model was well matched
with the model obtained using a stochastic power-spectral method. With feedback control,
the large overshoot, rise time, and settling time associated with the inherent material
properties were reduced. The motions of the IPMC fingers in the microgripper were
coordinated to pick, move, and release a macro- or micro-part. The precise manipulation
of this three-finger gripper was successfully demonstrated with experimental closed-loop
responses.
10
Yusuf, Suhaila Mohamad. "Development of an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) microgripper." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550855.
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Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is a class of electroactive polymer , that is receiving great attention due to its advantages of large bending deflection, low power consumption and driving voltage. Although there is still no commercial application of IPMC, it has been actively investigated by researchers for the past decade. The IPMC has been identified as a potential material to be used in the specific application of sensor and/or actuation, such as microgripper and micropump. This research deals with the characterisation of small scale IPMC with the ultimate objective to develop a simple microgripper to demonstrate the ability of the IPMC to grasp a micro object. A vision system has been developed to perform image processing to measure the displacement of IPMC. New algorithms of edge detection and displacement measurement have been introduced to characterise the IPMC. Comparison between laser sensor measurements and vision systems measurement has been carried out and the results showed that the vision system is a reliable measurement. Characterisation of small scale IPMC is carried out to prove the claim that miniaturization of IPMC is possible without degrading its performance. The characterisation of the IPMC actuator is divided into two major works - the displacement and blocked force measurements. The results showed that small scale characteristics are in line with the results that have been published by other researchers for larger scale of IPMC, hence supported the claim. The dynamic sensory behaviour of the IPMC has also been characterised. The results showed that the sensor functions are better in terms of producing consistent output signals when it is dehydrated. With such finding, the possibility of using the IPMC as the actuator and sensor at the same time for micro gripper application is not promising because the actuator needs to be fully hydrated in order to work better while the sensor is working better in a dehydrated condition. The final part in this research work is to develop a simple micro gripper. A two-finger microgripper with size of lOmm x 2rnrn x O.2mm is controlled by a vision feedback system to grasp small objects. For a demonstration purposes, an object with diameter of lmm was successfully grasped in 4.6 seconds.
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Chong, Yuk-lan, and 莊玉蘭. "Review and analyze the IPCC future climate change projections." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4673434X.
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Baker, Paul B., William B. McCloskey, Will Sherman, and Timothy D. Dennehy. "IPM/BMP Practices in Arizona Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210371.
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Arizona cotton growers were surveyed regarding the importance of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Best Management Practices (BMP). Telephone surveys reached 249 individuals over a ten-day period. The survey asked growers to rate the importance of each IPM/BMP tactic on a scale of 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Of the 14 practices /tactics listed for IPM, eight had significant chi-square values. These included scouting, crop rotation, variety selection, petiole testing for nitrogen, pheromone use, equipment calibration, and stalk destruction. Of the eight practices /tactics listed for BMP, six had significant chi -square values. These included crop rotation, timing and splitting of nitrogen applications, petiole testing, time of planting and variety selection for specific suppression (Bt cotton). In general, whether it was an IPM, weed management, or a BMP practice/tactic, the growers scored a majority of the tactics as important. It could be inferred from the growers' responses that they agree that the practices listed as important were, in fact, important grower practices.
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Cienfuegos, Silva Jorge Ignacio Esteban. "IPC : medicamentos, economía y salud pública." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111648.
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Memoria para optar al título de Químico FarmacéuticoEl medicamento es un elemento de alta complejidad, no sólo desde el punto de vista de la tecnología asociada y la repercusión que tienen estos en el tratamiento de las enfermedades, sino también es un bien transable en el mercado. Por esto último, el medicamento es considerado dentro del Índice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC). El IPC es un indicador que muestra la variación de precios de una canasta de productos y servicios a nivel nacional. En esta canasta del IPC se encuentran incluidos los medicamentos, representados por 68 principios activos agrupados en 21 grupos terapéuticos. Este trabajo buscó describir los medicamentos que componen el índice y a través de metodología Delphi presentar sugerencias para mejorar el índice y/o la metodología utilizada para la incorporación y actualización de componentes desde un punto de vista sanitario. Se utilizó metodología Delphi, la cual consiste en una serie de encuestas en rondas sucesivas a un panel de expertos. El panel fue compuesto por 19 expertos del área de la salud pública, con el objetivo de analizar el listado de medicamentos considerados en el IPC. Los expertos revisaron el listado y valoraron, según una escala dada, los componentes en general y en particular del listado de medicamentos facilitado por el INE para este estudio. Se recolectaron los criterios utilizados por los expertos para la valoración. Se obtuvieron criterios pertenecientes al área sanitaria (ejemplo: epidemiología y morbilidad) y criterios económicos (ejemplo: volumen de ventas y gasto de bolsillo), valorados y ordenados de acuerdo al opinión de expertos. La falta de interacciones entre las visiones económicas y sanitarias presenta un escenario desfavorable para la calidad del índice, en donde se corre el riesgo de subvalorar o supervalorar elementos y por ende se distorsione. Se recomendaría el uso de la metodología Delphi para la confección y/o actualización de la canasta, ya que presenta diversas ventajas entre la que podríamos destacar su bajo costo.
Pharmaceuticals are highly complex elements, not only from the standpoint of technology and the impact associated with the treatment of diseases, but they are also a tradable on the market. That’s why pharmaceuticals are considered in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI is an indicator that shows the variation of prices of a basket of products and services nationwide. In this CPI basket pharmaceuticals are included represented by 68 active substances grouped into 21 therapeutic groups. The study describes the pharmaceuticals in the index, and with Delphi methodology submits suggestions for improving the index or the methodology, from a sanitary point of view. Delphi methodology was used, which consists of a series of surveys in successive rounds to a panel of experts. The panel was composed of 19 experts in the public health field, in order to analyze the list of pharmaceutical in CPI. Experts analyzed the list of pharmaceutical given by INE and rated, with a given scale, the components in general and in particular. The criteria used for rating was recollected. Obtained criteria were belongs to the health (epidemiology and morbidity) and economic (sales volume and out of pocket spending) area, assessed and ranked according to expert opinion. The lack of interactions between health and economic visions presents an unfavorable scenario for the quality of the index, where there is the risk of underestimate or overestimate the elements and therefore distorting its results. We recommend the use of Delphi methodology for the manufacture and/or update of the basket because it has several advantages among which we could highlight its low cost.
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Teran-Escobar, Gerardo, David M. Tanenbaum, Eszter Voroshazi, Martin Hermenau, Kion Norrman, Matthew T. Lloyd, Yulia Galagan, et al. "On the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices by IPCE and in situ IPCE analyses – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139279.
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This work is part of the inter-laboratory collaboration to study the stability of seven distinct sets of state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices prepared by leading research laboratories. All devices have been shipped to and degraded at RISØ-DTU up to 1830 hours in accordance with established ISOS-3 protocols under defined illumination conditions. In this work, we apply the Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) and the in situ IPCE techniques to determine the relation between solar cell performance and solar cell stability. Different ageing conditions were considered: accelerated full sun simulation, low level indoor fluorescent lighting and dark storage. The devices were also monitored under conditions of ambient and inert (N2) atmospheres, which allows for the identification of the solar cell materials more susceptible to degradation by ambient air (oxygen and moisture). The different OPVs configurations permitted the study of the intrinsic stability of the devices depending on: two different ITO-replacement alternatives, two different hole extraction layers (PEDOT:PSS and MoO3), and two different P3HT-based polymers. The response of un-encapsulated devices to ambient atmosphere offered insight into the importance of moisture in solar cell performance. Our results demonstrate that the IPCE and the in situ IPCE techniques are valuable analytical methods to understand device degradation and solar cell lifetimeDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Teran-Escobar, Gerardo, David M. Tanenbaum, Eszter Voroshazi, Martin Hermenau, Kion Norrman, Matthew T. Lloyd, Yulia Galagan, et al. "On the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices by IPCE and in situ IPCE analyses – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27818.
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This work is part of the inter-laboratory collaboration to study the stability of seven distinct sets of state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices prepared by leading research laboratories. All devices have been shipped to and degraded at RISØ-DTU up to 1830 hours in accordance with established ISOS-3 protocols under defined illumination conditions. In this work, we apply the Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) and the in situ IPCE techniques to determine the relation between solar cell performance and solar cell stability. Different ageing conditions were considered: accelerated full sun simulation, low level indoor fluorescent lighting and dark storage. The devices were also monitored under conditions of ambient and inert (N2) atmospheres, which allows for the identification of the solar cell materials more susceptible to degradation by ambient air (oxygen and moisture). The different OPVs configurations permitted the study of the intrinsic stability of the devices depending on: two different ITO-replacement alternatives, two different hole extraction layers (PEDOT:PSS and MoO3), and two different P3HT-based polymers. The response of un-encapsulated devices to ambient atmosphere offered insight into the importance of moisture in solar cell performance. Our results demonstrate that the IPCE and the in situ IPCE techniques are valuable analytical methods to understand device degradation and solar cell lifetime.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Hatano, Hiroyuki, Hiraku Okada, Takaya Yamazato, and Masaaki Katayama. "Performance Analysis of UWB Impulse Radar Using Parallel IPCP Receiver." IEEE, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7758.
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Rechtman, Marcos Vinícius Araújo. "Análise dos spreads de crédito de debêntures atreladas ao IPCA." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17450.
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Este trabalho investigou as emissões primárias de debêntures atreladas ao IPCA no Brasil, buscando entender quais são os fatores macro e microeconômicos que influenciam o investidor na decisão de comprar/apreçar esse título privado. Em outras palavras, quais são as variáveis que afetam o spread de crédito da debênture sobre as NTN-Bs, títulos públicos brasileiros atrelados ao IPCA e considerados 'livres de risco', na emissão primária. Com esse propósito, o estudo utilizou regressões multifatoriais, com os resultados indicando que o Rating da companhia é o fator que se mostrou mais significante; outros fatores como setor, duration e tamanho da companhia não se mostraram significativos e, por fim, algumas variáveis apresentaram sinais opostos ao esperado pela teoria econômica – nestes casos buscou-se uma interpretação com base nas características do mercado financeiro brasileiro.
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Pereira, Inês Filipa Marques Janardo. "Mecanismos não-lineares de repasse cambial: IPCA e inflação desagregada." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14974.
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Sendo a literatura do pass-through cambial sobre os preços domésticos extenso e com diferentes metodologias de cálculo, esta dissertação buscou explorar se a direção da variação da taxa de câmbio, ou seja, se apreciações ou depreciações tem diferentes impactos sobre a inflação. O objetivo é avaliar se o repasse cambial para o índice de preços ao consumidor é assimétrico. A metodologia utilizado foi através da estimação de uma Curva de Phillips com Limiar (Threshold) para o IPCA agregado e desagregado, sendo avaliado o período recente de 2001 a 2014. Os resultados apresentaram evidências de assimetria no repasse para os preços para a inflação agregada, porém não significante para a maioria dos núcleos analisados.
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Chen, Zhou. "Integrated Electrical and Thermal Modeling, Analysis and Design for IPEM." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30281.
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The goal of this dissertation is to present a systematic approach to integrating the multidisciplinary design process in power electronics through the integration of existing CAD tools, multidisciplinary modeling and system optimization. Two major benefits are expected from the utilization of the proposed integrated design methodology. Firstly, it will significantly speed up the design process and will eliminate errors resulting from repeated manual data entry and information exchange. Secondly, the integrated design optimization will result in better utilization of materials and components.
In order to understand the basic relationship between electrical and thermal phenomena, the self-heating effect of a simple copper conductor is modeled analytically. Based on these models, a guideline for copper trace design is proposed.
The next step towards developing an integrated design methodology is to create threedimensional solid-body-based models that characterize the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. The electrical model of an integrated power electronics module (IPEM), including parasitic parameters, is developed and experimentally verified with impedance measurements. Together with the thermal model, it lays the foundation for the integrated electrical and thermal analysis and design.
The software integration framework is presented along with the software tools chosen for this study, which include Saber for electrical circuit simulation, Maxwell Q3D Extractor for parameter extraction, and I-DEAS for geometry and thermal modeling. Each of these software tools is controlled via its own macro language files. iSIGHT is then used to interface with these tools in order to achieve software integration.
The DC-DC IPEM layout design is investigated and improved upon by using the integrated design methodology. Several examples of parametric study are presented. The first example shows the tradeoff between electrical and thermal performance for different ceramic layer thicknesses of module substrate. The next example looks at the commonmode noise problem that exists in different direct-bonded copper (DBC) layouts.Ph. D.
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Clark, Lee J., Eddie E. Carpenter, Suzanne Kelly, and Theo Watson. "IPM Cotton Projects, Safford Agricultural Center 1991." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208626.
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Article is abstract onlyIn 1991 four Insect Pest Management studies were conducted to help understand the pink bollworm and aid in its control. The first two were replicated cage studies where cages were placed over the soil and insect emergence from the soil was monitored several times a week from January to mid-summer. The first had pink bollworm (pbw) infested bolls buried at 0, 2, 4 and 8 inches under the soil. The second had four plow down dates and sub -treatments of one or no irrigations. Perhaps due to the cold winter, few pink bollworm moths emerged in either study. In the buried infested boll study, no bolls buried at 8 inches produced pink bollworm moths in the spring and few emerged from either 4 or 2 inches. Of the bolls left on the surface, there was emergence from only some of the replications. Less than 1% of all of the potential moths emerged. In the plowing test, only 6 pink bollworms emerged in any of the 32 cages placed in the plots over the 18 weeks of the study. It appears to be a numbers game and the chance of having a pink bollworm emerge under a randomly placed cage in a field is very small. The second two tests involved Trichogramma bactrae, a trichogrammatid species imported from Australia. The first of these two studies involved placing laboratory produced pink bollworm eggs in a pattern around a release site for the parasitic wasps to determine their area of influence. This was done on three different occasions with varying success. The study was complicated by the fact that the wasp hatch must be coordinated with the pink bollworm egg deposition. Never-the-less, some pink bollworm egg parasitization took place. This study needs to be repeated. The second of these studies was two plots side-by-side, one treated with chemicals to control pink bollworm (and other insects), the other with weekly trichogramma releases during August and September. At the end of the season, 20 plants were removed from each plot and boll infestation and boll load were determined. The parasite controlled plots had a higher infestation level (35% to 23% with an LSD(05) of 9.9) than the chemically treated plots. There was no difference in the boll load between the two treatments. This study should be continued, preferably with a check plot so the value of the trichogramma can be evaluated more accurately.
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Switzer, Jennifer F. "Preventing IPC-facilitated type confusion in Rust." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128627.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, May, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-60).
Type-safe languages undertake to prevent the type confusion vulnerabilities that arise in type-unsafe languages such as C++. One such type-safe language is Rust, which provides powerful type safety guarantees [1]. However, these guarantees are valid only for a single compilation unit. That is, they may not hold when multiple separately compiled processes communicate. In this work, we explore how type confusion vulnerabilities can still arise when multiple separately compiled, internally type-safe processes share information through inter-process communication (IPC). We propose safeIPC, a tool for eliminating IPC-facilitated type confusion in Rust. safeIPC is a Rust compiler extension that detects communications over IPC and inserts runtime checks to ensure that type safety is maintained. Programs instrumented with safeIPC throw a runtime error if the type of any data received over IPC is not equivalent to the type expected. Our analysis shows that safeIPC is effective in preventing type confusion vulnerabilities not prevented by Rust alone.
by Jennifer F. Switzer.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Onça, Daniela de Souza. "\"Quando o sol brilha, eles fogem para a sombra...\": a ideologia do aquecimento global." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-01062011-104754/.
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Esta pesquisa procura reunir provas e evidências científicas contrárias à hipótese do aquecimento global antropogênico e elucidar seu significado na atualidade. Argumentamos que o clima está em permanente transformação, não podendo ser reduzido a um produto de variações das concentrações atmosféricas de dióxido de carbono e que a preocupação com mudanças climáticas não é uma novidade histórica mas, apesar disso, nosso desconhecimento sobre o funcionamento do sistema climático é ainda desafiador. Concluímos que a hipótese do aquecimento global antropogênico não é consensual e exerce hoje a função de ideologia legitimadora do capitalismo tardio, perpetuando a exclusão social travestindo-se de compromisso com as gerações futuras.This research aims to gather scientific proofs and evidences against anthropogenic global warming hypothesis and to elucidate its meaning in the present. We argue that climate is in a permanent transformation, not resuming itself to a product of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration variations and that worries about climatic changes are not new but, despite this, our ignorance on the functioning of the climate system is still challenging. We conclude that anthropogenic global warming hypothesis is not consensual and exerts nowadays the function of late capitalism legitimating ideology, perpetuating social exclusion transvestiting itself as a commitment to future generations.
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Erkkilä, Patrik. "Modellering av metangasproduktionen på Koviks återvinningsanläggning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20040.
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I denna rapport undersöks produktionen av metangas i deponin på Koviks återvinningsanläggning. Detta med hjälp av ett modellerings-verktyg framtaget av IPCC. Modeller för beräkning av metangasproduktion i deponier har funnits sedan 1980-talet och dess resultat kan fungera som underlag vid beslut om investeringar i utrustning för gasutvinning och energiproduktion. På Kovik har deponering skett sedan 1964 och gasutvinningen startade i mitten av 1980-talet. Metangasproduktionen och metangasemissioner på anläggningen har under flera år beräknats med hjälp av EPER France-modellen. Studier visar att denna modell tenderar att underskatta metangasemissioner, och därmed förmodligen även metangasproduktionen. En genomgång av beräkningarna på Kovik visar även att fel indata gällande deponerade mängder använts. Av dessa anledningar är det intressant att använda korrekt indata i en annan modell för att få ett mer rättvisande resultat. Modellen som används är en First-order Multi-phase model. Den tar hänsyn till ett antal olika faktorer, däribland deponerade avfallsmängder, dess ålder, dess halveringstid samt dess innehåll av nedbrytbart organiskt kol. Avfallet delas in i kategorierna Hushållsavfall, Industriavfall och Slam. Hushållsavfallet delas även in i avfallsslagen Mat, Trädgård, Papper, Trä, Textil och Inert avfall. De olika avfallsslagen och avfallskategorierna påverkar produktionen av metangas i olika hög grad. Då information om det deponerade hushållsavfallets fördelning över olika avfallsslag saknas presenteras resultatet i tre scenarier med olika fördelning. Fördelningen i scenario 1 antas vara den mest realistiska. Resultaten skiljer sig åt något i de olika scenarierna, gemensamt är dock att de visar att metangasproduktionen var som störst runt 2005. Avfallsmängderna, och därmed metangasproduktionen, minskar sedan fort på grund av förbudet mot deponering av organiskt material. Resultatet för scenario 1 visar att metangaspotentialen från 2015 till 2030 är omkring 15 % av den totala producerade metangasen från deponeringsstart 1964 till modellverktygets slutår 2030. Detta motsvarar en kvarvarande metangaspotential på cirka 30 kton till 2030. Utvinningen av metangas kan fortsätta på dagens nivå ungefär 5 år till. Osäkerhet i vilka parametervärden som bör användas samt brist på data över deponerat avfall begränsar möjligheten att göra modellering på deponigasproduktion med tillförlitliga resultat.By using a modeling tool developed by IPCC, this report examines the production of methane in the landfill at Koviks recycling facility. Models for calculating methane production has existed since the 1980s and the results can serve as a basis for decisions on investments in equipment for gas extraction and energy production. Landfilling has occurred at Kovik since 1964 and the gas extraction started in the mid-1980s. Methane gas production and methane emissions at the facility have for several years been calculated with the EPER France model. However, studies show that this model tends to underestimate the methane emissions and thereby probably also the methane production. A review of the calculations at Kovik also shows that wrong data for the amount of landfilled waste has been used. For these reasons, it is interesting to use correct data in another model to get a more accurate result. The model used in this report is a First-order Multi-phase model. It takes into account a number of factors, including quantities of landfilled waste, its age, its half-life time and its content of degradable organic carbon. The waste is divided into such categories as Household Waste, Industrial Waste and Sludge. Household waste is also divided into Food, Garden, Paper, Wood, Textile and Inert waste. The different types of waste affect the production of methane gas in different degrees. Due to the lack of information regarding the composition of the landfilled household waste the result is presented in three scenarios with different composition. The composition in scenario 1 is assumed to be the most realistic. Although the results differ slightly among the scenarios, all those scenarios suggest that methane gas production peaked around 2005. The amount of waste, and thereby the methane production, then decreases quickly because of the ban on landfilling of organic matter. The results of scenario 1 shows that methane potential from 2015 to 2030 is about 15 % of the total produced methane gas from the landfill starting year 1964 to 2030, the final year in the modeling tool. This corresponds to a remaining methane potential of about 30 kilotons by 2030. The extraction of methane gas can continue at the current level for about five years. It should be mentioned that the uncertainty of the parameters that have been used and the lack of data on landfilled waste could result in a limited reliability of the calculated gas production.
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Gouge, Dawn H., Tim Stock, Shaku Nair, Shujuan (Lucy) Li, Sam Bryks, Janet Hurley, and Al Fournier. "Preparing Your School Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Plan." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558489.
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12 pp.This document is intended to help you develop an implementable IPM Plan for your school or school district. We have provided a modifiable template which can be downloaded at: http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/westernschoolIPM.html#pubs.
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Neto, Petronio de Tilio. "Ecopolítica das mudanças climáticas: o IPCC e o ecologismo dos pobres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-09102008-175152/.
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Este é um trabalho sobre a ecopolítica internacional das mudanças climáticas. Ele trata dos conflitos de interesses entre os Estados no que diz respeito a questões ambientais mais especificamente, no que diz respeito às alterações do clima terrestre. Nas últimas décadas e séculos o ser humano tem alterado a composição da atmosfera, fazendo com que o sistema climático se aqueça e se modifique. Portanto cabe ao ser humano entender o problema, avaliar suas conseqüências e desenvolver medidas de resposta. Para auxiliar nesses esforços na esfera internacional foi criado o IPCC, Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudança do Clima. Sua função é dar as bases científicas necessárias para a tomada de decisões políticas que afetem o clima. Nesse sentido o IPCC está incumbido de tratar de questões relevantes para a política, sem no entanto interferir na tomada de decisões. Este estudo questiona justamente se o IPCC tem sido neutro como deveria ao expor os impactos das mudanças climáticas e ao apontar possíveis medidas de resposta. O recorte analítico selecionado para investigar essa questão é o Ecologismo dos Pobres, segundo o qual as sociedades humanas seriam marcadas pela desigualdade na distribuição dos benefícios e dos custos ambientais. Observando os relatórios do IPCC sob essa ótica foi possível encontrar indícios de que esse Painel talvez não seja tão neutro do ponto de vista político quanto afirma ser. Talvez ele não seja imune às disputas políticas entre os Estados. Como conseqüência o IPCC pode não ser a alternativa mais eficaz para responder às mudanças climáticas no âmbito internacionalThis is a study about the international ecopolitics of climate change. It analyses the conflicts of interests among States concerning environmental questions more specifically, concerning changes in the planets climate. Over the last decades and centuries the human being has shifted the composition of the atmosphere, and the whole climatic system is being pushed to warming. For that reason human being is supposed to understand the problem, assess its consequences and develop answer measures. In the international arena the IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, was created to help in such efforts. The Panels function is to provide the political decisions concerning the climate with the necessary scientific basis. In that sense IPCC is meant to take into account policy relevant questions, but with a policy neutral perspective. This study inquires into IPCCs neutrality when it presents the climate change impacts and when it points out eventual answer measures. The analytical approach selected to investigate this question is the Environmentalism of the Poor. This approach argues that human societies distribute unequally the environmental benefits and costs. From this point of view, analyzing the IPCC reports brings evidence that the Panel may be not so policy neutral as it announces. Maybe it is not immune to political disputes among States. As a result IPCC may be not the most efficient alternative to respond to climate change.
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Bodnaruk, K. P. "Adoption of IPM in the Australian apple industry /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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Fernandes, Luciana. "Implementação do interpretador Pascal-FC usando IPC-Unix." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87417.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T19:45:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Este trabalho apresenta a implementação de uma versão do interpretador da linguagem PASCAL-FC. Em sua versão original, o código concorrente é executado seqüencialmente, apenas simulando a execução de processos concorrentes. Seu ambiente de execução é chamado de pseudoparalelo, o que é suficiente para uma ferramenta didática de programação concorrente. Na versão aqui apresentada, o código compilado é executado em um fluxo principal que se divide em n fluxos de execução independente, que são fluxos de processos independentes. A utilização de processos baseados no modelo UNIX-IPC, como processos, semáforos, segmentos de memória compartilhada e filas de mensagens,
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O'Reilly, Ryan Keefe. "Kenyan Vegetable Farmers' IPM adoption: barriers and impacts." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99453.
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This thesis analyzes factors affecting adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques by Kenyan vegetable farmers, including the role of their risk preferences. It also analyzes factors affecting their pesticide applications and expenditures. A survey was administered to 450 Kenyan vegetable growers to identify their pest management practices, and a behavioral experiment was run to elicit their risk preferences utilizing. Cumulative Prospect Theory. Loss aversion was found to be correlated with higher likelihood of IPM adoption while risk aversion was associated with higher pesticide application rates and expenditures. The influence of IPM adoption on pesticide use differed by IPM technique.Master of Science
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques can improve small holder farmers' livelihoods by lowering production costs and decreasing dependence on chemical pesticides. Even though some IPM techniques have been available to Kenyan vegetable farmers since the 1990's, IPM adoption remains relatively low while chemical pesticide use remains high. A farm-household survey and behavioral experiment were conducted to identify factors that influence farmer decisions to adopt IPM and to apply pesticides. Factors that influence IPM adoption were found to differ from those that influence pesticide decisions. Furthermore, IPM adoption by Kenyan farmers does not decrease use of chemical pesticides for all IPM techniques.
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Oukemeni, Samia. "Towards assessing information privacy in microblogging online social networks. The IPAM framework." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667725.
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Les xarxes socials en línia incorporen diferents formes de comunicació interactiva com serveis de microblogs, compartició de fitxers multimèdia o xarxes de contactes professionals. En els últims anys han augmentat els escàndols públics en relació amb pràctiques qüestionables de la indústria de les xarxes socials pel que fa a la privacitat. Així, doncs, cal una avaluació efectiva i eficient del nivell de privacitat en les xarxes socials en línia. El focus de la present tesi és la construcció d'un esquema (IPAM) per a identificar i avaluar el nivell de privacitat proporcionat per les xarxes socials en línia, en particular per als serveis de microblogs. L'objectiu d'IPAM és ajudar els usuaris a identificar els riscos relacionats amb les seves dades. L'esquema també permet comparar el nivell de protecció de la privacitat entre diferents sistemes analitzats, de manera que pugui ser també utilitzat per proveïdors de servei i desenvolupadors per a provar i avaluar els seus sistemes i si les tècniques de privacitat usades són eficaces i suficients.Las redes sociales en línea incorporan diferentes formas de comunicación interactiva como servicios de microblogueo, compartición de ficheros multimedia o redes de contactos profesionales. En los últimos años han aumentado los escándalos públicos relacionados con prácticas cuestionables de la industria de las redes sociales en relación con la privacidad. Así pues, es necesaria una evaluación efectiva y eficiente del nivel de privacidad en las redes sociales en línea. El foco de la presente tesis es la construcción de un esquema (IPAM) para identificar y evaluar el nivel de privacidad proporcionado por las redes sociales en línea, en particular para los servicios de microblogueo. El objetivo de IPAM es ayudar a los usuarios a identificar los riesgos relacionados con sus datos. El esquema también permite comparar el nivel de protección de la privacidad entre diferentes sistemas analizados, de modo que pueda ser también utilizado por proveedores de servicio y desarrolladores para probar y evaluar sus sistemas y si las técnicas de privacidad usadas son eficaces y suficientes.
Online social networks (OSNs) incorporate different forms of interactive communication, including microblogging services, multimedia sharing and business networking, among others. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of privacy-related public scandals involving questionable data handling practices in OSNs. This situation calls for an effective and efficient evaluation of the privacy level provided by such services. In this thesis, we take initial steps towards developing an information privacy assessment framework (IPAM framework) to compute privacy scores for online social networks in general, and microblogging OSNs in particular. The aim of the proposed framework is to help users identify personal data-related risks and how their privacy is protected when using one OSN or another. The IPAM framework also allows for a comparison between different systems' privacy protection level. This gives system providers, not only an idea of how they are positioned in the market vis-à-vis their competitors, but also recommendations on how to enhance their services.
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Ribeiro, José Roberto [UNESP]. "Análise comparada do IGP e IPCs no período 1999-2005: impactos distributivos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90038.
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ribeiro_jr_me_arafcl.pdf: 397320 bytes, checksum: 6885b64c62fc96b02338f6d4c295c6ea (MD5)As análises apresentadas neste trabalho sobre o comportamento dos índices de preços da economia brasileira corroboram a hipótese de que, ao menos no período recente, o IGP, em suas várias modalidades, tornou-se um indicador enviesado da evolução dos preços. Entre 1999-2005, o IGP acusou variações de preços muito superiores às registradas pelos demais índices de preços apurados por diversas instituições brasileiras. Identifica-se o IPA - que tem peso de 60% na composição do IGP - como sendo o grande responsável por esse comportamento anômalo do IGP. A não convergência entre a inflação acumulada pelo IPA e o IPCA no período 1999-2005, evidenciada pelos testes de cointegração aqui aplicados, ratifica a hipótese acima, fortalecendo a tese de que o IGP teria deixado de cumprir o seu papel de medida síntese da inflação nacional. Os efeitos das flutuações cambiais têm sido acentuadamente mais fortes sobre o IGP do que em relação aos IPCs. Apesar das atualizações realizadas em seus componentes, a estrutura de ponderação do IGP, que remonta a década de 1940, mostrou-se ultrapassada e inadequada para uma economia que optou pelo regime de livre flutuação do câmbio e promoveu uma substancial liberalização comercial e financeira, como é o caso da economia brasileira. Conclui-se o presente trabalho explicitando alguns dos efeitos reais do comportamento do índice sobre a economia, indicando a necessidade de reformulação ou substituição do IGP como indexador de certos preços e contratos econômicofinanceiros.
The analyses presented in this article about the performance of the prices indexes of the Brazilian economy corroborate to the hypothesis that the General Index of Price (IGP), considering its all modalities, became a biased index of prices. In the period 1999-2005, the prices changes measured by the IGP were well above those accused by the other indexes of prices provided by several Brazilian institutions. The Index of Wholesale Prices (IPA) - responsible for 60% of the IGP - is identified as the main responsible for this anomalous performance of the IGP. The non convergence between the inflation measured by the IPA and the inflation measured by the Index of Amplified Consumer Prices (IPCA) in the period 1999- 2005, confirmed by the econometric tests applied here, ratifies the above hypothesis, reinforcing the thesis that the IGP would have failed to perform as an index-synthesis of the national inflation. The effects of the exchange rate floating have been much stronger on the IGP than on the Indexes of Consumer Prices. Despite of the updating of its components, the weighting pattern of the IGP, formulated in the decade of 1940, became old-fashioned and inadequate to an economy that adopted the floating exchange rate system and promoted a substantial trade and financial liberalization, as it is the case of the Brazilian economy.
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Ribeiro, José Roberto. "Análise comparada do IGP e IPCs no período 1999-2005 : impactos distributivos /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90038.
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Resumo: As análises apresentadas neste trabalho sobre o comportamento dos índices de preços da economia brasileira corroboram a hipótese de que, ao menos no período recente, o IGP, em suas várias modalidades, tornou-se um indicador enviesado da evolução dos preços. Entre 1999-2005, o IGP acusou variações de preços muito superiores às registradas pelos demais índices de preços apurados por diversas instituições brasileiras. Identifica-se o IPA - que tem peso de 60% na composição do IGP - como sendo o grande responsável por esse comportamento anômalo do IGP. A não convergência entre a inflação acumulada pelo IPA e o IPCA no período 1999-2005, evidenciada pelos testes de cointegração aqui aplicados, ratifica a hipótese acima, fortalecendo a tese de que o IGP teria deixado de cumprir o seu papel de "medida síntese da inflação nacional". Os efeitos das flutuações cambiais têm sido acentuadamente mais fortes sobre o IGP do que em relação aos IPCs. Apesar das atualizações realizadas em seus componentes, a estrutura de ponderação do IGP, que remonta a década de 1940, mostrou-se ultrapassada e inadequada para uma economia que optou pelo regime de livre flutuação do câmbio e promoveu uma substancial liberalização comercial e financeira, como é o caso da economia brasileira. Conclui-se o presente trabalho explicitando alguns dos efeitos reais do comportamento do índice sobre a economia, indicando a necessidade de reformulação ou substituição do IGP como indexador de certos preços e contratos econômicofinanceiros.Abstract: The analyses presented in this article about the performance of the prices indexes of the Brazilian economy corroborate to the hypothesis that the General Index of Price (IGP), considering its all modalities, became a biased index of prices. In the period 1999-2005, the prices changes measured by the IGP were well above those accused by the other indexes of prices provided by several Brazilian institutions. The Index of Wholesale Prices (IPA) - responsible for 60% of the IGP - is identified as the main responsible for this anomalous performance of the IGP. The non convergence between the inflation measured by the IPA and the inflation measured by the Index of Amplified Consumer Prices (IPCA) in the period 1999- 2005, confirmed by the econometric tests applied here, ratifies the above hypothesis, reinforcing the thesis that the IGP would have failed to perform as an "index-synthesis of the national inflation". The effects of the exchange rate floating have been much stronger on the IGP than on the Indexes of Consumer Prices. Despite of the updating of its components, the weighting pattern of the IGP, formulated in the decade of 1940, became old-fashioned and inadequate to an economy that adopted the floating exchange rate system and promoted a substantial trade and financial liberalization, as it is the case of the Brazilian economy.
Orientador: Luciana Togeito de Almeida
Coorientador: Mário Ferreira Presser
Banca: Heron Carlos Esvael do Carmo
Banca: Alexandre Sartoris Neto
Mestre
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Chang, Hong. "Processing and characterisation of 3-3 Al alloy/Al2O3 interpenetrating composites (IPCs)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34720.
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Aluminium alloys, reinforced with ceramic particles or fibres, are desired materials in high performance applications due to their superior properties. Amongst aluminium matrix composites, interpenetrating composites, with both the matrix and reinforcement three dimensional throughout the microstructure, are more promising in providing truly multi-functional properties. However, due to the poor wetting between most metals and ceramics, pressure is normally needed in processing. In this research, a pressureless infiltration technique was adopted, which has the advantage of offering complex shape capability, no risk of damaging the ceramic skeleton and is potentially cost-effective and suitable for commercialization. The aims were to produce Al alloy/Al2O3 interpenetrating composites using the pressureless infiltration technique; to optimize the processing for full infiltration; to understand the infiltration mechanism and to characterise the composites in terms of both their microstructure and mechanical properties.
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Ferrer, Myra Clarisse. "Financial impact analysis of IPM with conventional sampling and IPM with binomial sequential sampling method to traditionally operated farms for collards, 2007." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219953493/.
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Lindelöf, Åsa. "Metangasutsläpp från deponier och osäkerheter i beräkningsmodeller kring detta." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96418.
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I Sverige finns uppskattningsvis mellan 4000 och 8000 stycken deponier. De flesta av deponierna är nedlagda och år 2001 fanns det 142 stycken aktiva deponier för hushållsavfall. År 2010 hade antalet minskat till 76 stycken. Vid nedbrytning av organiskt material i deponier bildas metanhaltig deponigas som bidrar till växthuseffekten. Utsläppens omfattning prognostiseras med hjälp av beräkningsmodeller, exempelvis IPCCs. Dessa modeller fordrar att antaganden görs av exempelvis andelen gas som utvinns via gasuppsamlingsutrustningen, det organiska materialets halveringstid och avfallets sammansättning och mängd. I Sverige görs antagandet att 60 procent av deponigasen samlas upp på deponier med gasuppsamlingsutrustning. Rapportens övergripande syfte var att undersöka hur osäkerheterna i de antaganden som görs kan inverka på de prognostiserade deponigasemissionerna. Syftet var också att bedöma om metangasutsläpp från deponier utgör ett stort eller försumbart tillskott av växthusgasutsläpp i jämförelse med andra källor. Detta gjordes genom en känslighetsanalys som baserades på en litteraturstudie, IPCC- prognostiserade metanmängder samt genom intervjuer med deponiägare. Prognostiserad metangasproduktion från landets deponier jämfördes med uppskattad metangasproduktion, där det senare baserades på utvunna mängder i landet och en uppskattad utvinningsgrad på 60 procent. Prognostiserad metangasmängd jämfördes med en uppskattad mängd metan, där den senare baserades på utvunna gasmängder i landet och uppskattad utvinningsgrad. Omfattningen av emissionerna gjordes genom känslighetsanalys där utvinningsgrad hos gasuppsamlingssystemets varierades mellan 30 och 80 procent. De utvunna gasmängderna har varit relativt konstanta de senaste tio åren trots att antalet deponier med gasuppsamlingsutrustning minskat från 75 till 47 stycken och att deponeringsförbud har instiftats. Den antagna halveringstiden på 7,5 år torde därför vara för lågt ansatt vilket också styrks av den dåliga nedbrytningen i flera äldre deponier, minskade mängder deponerat avfall samt att inget organiskt material deponeras sedan 2005. Sveriges huvudsakliga metankällor är jordbrukssektorn och deponier från avfallssektorn. År 1990 var de prognostiserade utsläppen från de två sektorerna ungefär lika stora. Fram till år 2010 har de prognostiserade utsläppen från deponier halverats medan utsläpp från jordbruket ligger på ungefär samma nivå som tidigare. Ur den enskilda deponins perspektiv kan det konstateras att utvinningsgraden hos gasuppsamlingssystemet varierar i både ett kortsiktigt och i ett långsiktigt perspektiv. Beroende på när en mätning utförs kommer en viss variation uppvisas i gasutvinningssystemets utvinningsgrad dvs både emitterade och uppsamlade gasmängder varierar mellan mättillfällena. Det kan konstateras att en stor osäkerhet byggs in i den beräknade årsproduktionen av metangas när metanmängderna beräknas med hjälp av medelvärden från ett fåtal mätningar utförda under korta mätperioder. Statistiska Centralbyrån har gjort beräkningar av den årliga utvinningsgraden. Dessa beräkningar har grundats på faktiska utvunna mängder som jämförts med beräknade totala mängder. För en enskild deponi kan skillnaderna mellan de beräknade och faktiska mängderna vara stora vilket medför att utvinningsgraden eller produktionen är svårbedömd både för den enskilda deponin och på nationell nivå. Potentialen för gasutvinning i deponier bedöms i det här examensarbetet vara större än vad som har prognostiserats. Perioden för gasuttag sträcker sig längre än vad man trott med anledning av att mycket av det organiska materialet i gamla deponier fortfarande inte har brutits ner, samt att gasproduktion fortfarande sker. Med anledning av de låga driftskostnaderna bör deponigasutvinning fortskrida så länge som det är tekniskt möjligt och ekonomiskt hållbart. Genom provtagningar av avfallet i kombination med mätningar som sträcker sig över längre perioder, skulle bättre kännedom om metangasproduktionen i deponier kunna fås.There are a large number of landfill sites in Sweden. The total number is estimated to be somewhere between 4000 to 8000 landfills. In 2007 there were 142 landfill sites still operating, three years later the number of operating landfills decreased to 76. The municipalities are at present carrying out an inventory of old landfill sites in Sweden. The focus is on the location and risk classification of the landfill sites. There is a substantial uncertainty of the content and the progress of the degradation process unless the landfill is dug out. Methane containing landfill gas is produced when the organic matter in the waste is degraded. Since methane is a potent green house gas the emissions of landfill gas will contribute to the green house effect. The extent of the emissions is usually quantified using the IPCC model or similar. The models require certain estimations to be made such as the amount of gas that is extracted, the half-life of the organic matter and the composition of the waste. The aim of the report was therefore to look into these estimations and how these can effect the landfill gas production. The aim was also to evaluate whether the methane emissions from landfills is a major contributor to the green house gas emissions in comparison to other sources. The master thesis has been carried out through a literature study and interviews with landfill owners that resulted in a sensitivity analysis. The plausibility of the IPCC model was studied by carrying out a sensitivity analysis of the efficiency of the gas extraction system and how this will influence the total emissions of landfill gas. An overview of the connection between the land fill gas production and the decomposition of the organic matter could be realized by analyzing the material in the landfill through tests on different depths in the landfill when drilling new gas wells. The extracted amounts of landfill gas are also contradictive to the estimation of the half-life of 7,5 years that is assumption regularly made within the IPCC- model. This theory is supported by the inadequate decomposition of organic material in old landfill sites. The reduced amounts of waste that is landfilled and the prohibition of landfilling of organic and combustible waste in 2005 are also supporting this theory. The main methane sources in Sweden are ruminants from the agricultural sector and landfills. In 1990 the forecast of the methane emissions of the two sectors were equal. The forecast of today shows that the agricultural emissions are more or less the same but the emissions from landfill are halved. Another conclusion was that the efficiency of the gas extraction is varying in a short- term and in a long-term perspective. Depending on when a measurement is carried out there will be a variation of the efficiency of the gas extraction system. Anyhow annual values of the extracted amounts are calculated based on a few occasional measurements over very short time periods. Moreover, the yearly efficiency is determined based on real extracted values of methane and calculated total values of methane production that are non-comparable. The potential of gas extraction is probably larger than what has been predicted and the period of gas extraction is probably longer than expected. Supported by the low operation costs for the gas extraction the extraction should be carried out as long as it is technically possible and economically reasonable. Analyzing the material in the landfill site will increase the understanding of the gas production and the degradation of the waste in the landfill.
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Santos, Tiago Mendonça dos. "Avaliação do desempenho de modelos preditivos no contexto de análise de sobrevivência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-03092013-111337/.
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Modelos estatísticos com objetivos preditivos são frequentemente aplicados como ferramentas no processo de tomadas de decisão em diversas áreas. Uma classe importante de modelos estatísticos é composta por modelos de análise de sobrevivência. Duas quantidades são de interesse nessa classe: o tempo até o instante do evento de interesse ou o status para um determinado instante de tempo fixado. Aplicações importantes desses modelos incluem a identificação de novos marcadores para certas doenças e definição de qual terapia será mais adequada de acordo com o paciente. Os marcadores utilizados podem ser dados por biomarcadores, assim como por marcadores baseados em modelos de regressão. Um exemplo de marcador baseado em modelos de regressão é dado pelo preditor linear. Ainda que a utilização de modelos de sobrevivência com objetivos preditivos seja de suma importância, a literatura nesse assunto é muito esparsa e não há consenso na forma de se avaliar o desempenho preditivo desses. Esse trabalho pretende reunir e comparar diferentes abordagens de se avaliar o desempenho preditivo de modelos de sobrevivência. Essa avaliação é feita principalmente utilizando-se funções de perda para o tempo de sobrevivência e quantidades associadas a diferentes definições de curva ROC para o status. Para a comparação dessas diferentes metodologias foi feito um estudo de simulação e no final aplicou-se essas técnicas em um conjunto de dados de um estudo do Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo.In many fields, predictive models are often applied as a helpful tool in the decision making process. An important class of predictive models is composed by survival models. Two quantities of special interest in these class are: time until the occurrence of a specified event and survival status for a fixed moment of time. Important applications of these models include new markers identification for certain diseases, as well as defining which therapy is the most appropriated for a patient. Markers can be given by biomarkers, but they can also be derived from regression models. An example of regression models based markers is the linear predictor. Despite the importance of survival models applications with predictive goals, literature is this subject is very sparse and there is no agreement on the best methodology to evaluate predictive performance of these models. In this work we intend to assemble and to compare different methodologies for assessing the predictive performance of survival models. This assessment is made mainly with loss functions for the survival time and ROC curve associated quantities for status. An simulation study was done in order to compare these different methodologies, which were also applied to a study about survival of patients at ICU of ICESP (Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo)
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Cipera, Eva Dominika. "Development and characterisation of a novel biodegradable IPC biomaterial." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/MQ40983.pdf.
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Kerns, David L. "Using Admire on Desert Vegetable Crops (IPM Series #5)." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146757.
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4 pp.AdmireTM is a new insecticide developed by Bayer, available for use in Arizona to control certain pests in cotton, cole crops, lettuce, leafy greens, potatoes, and melons. This publication explains how to apply AdmireTM to various crops under different circumstances. Topics include: Lettuce and Cole Crops Melons (cantaloupes and watermelons) Application Volume Monitoring Field Performance Product Efficiency Management
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Mina, John Gergis Moawad. "Exploring IPC synthase : a potential anti-leishmanial drug target." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/430/.
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Leishmaniasis is a widespread disease affecting 12 million people with about 2 million new cases recorded annually and 350 million people considered to be at risk worldwide. Consequently, it has been ranked category „1‟ by WHO–TDR in 2004. Currently available drugs are expensive and difficult to administer with toxic and/or teratogenic side effects. In addition, there are increasing levels of drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for new effective drug treatments. Earlier work in the group identified Leishmania major Inositol Phosphorylceramide Synthase (LmjIPCS) as a functional orthologue of the fungal IPC synthase. This membrane bound enzyme has no mammalian equivalent therefore represents an attractive anti-Leishmanial drug target. The aim of this chemical biology project was to functionally characterise this enzyme and synthesise lead compounds for inhibitor design. The first aspect of the project focused on the establishment of a robust assay system that was used in the determination of the kinetic parameters of the enzyme. The established protocol was amenable to scaling-up processes and HTS. Validation of the assay was achieved using Aureobasidin A, a known fungal IPCS specific inhibitor, and two substrate mimics. Phase two of the project involved the use of synthetic chemistry towards the enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of an array of substrate mimics to help identify the structural requirements for the substrate binding to the enzyme. The key reactions were asymmetric PT amino acid alkylation of benzophenone glycine imine and a stereospecific reduction of protected N-Boc-enones formed from the corresponding amino acid. The prepared alkenes were utilised in olefin cross metathesis reactions to yield a library of ceramide mimics variable in the sphingosine backbone. Deprotection-acylation sequence of the protected amino group resulted in variable N-acyl ceramide mimics. Screening of the substrate mimics library together with other putative inhibitors generated preliminary SAR data. Future work will involve using the SAR data generated in this study to design and synthesise new generations of inhibitors as well as substrate probes to help map the active site of the enzyme.
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Montgomery, Kellyn Paige. "Spatial and Gender Dimensions of IPM Adoption in Uganda." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33561.
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This research on gender and tomato production in rural sub-county of Busukuma in Uganda explores the roles that distance and mobility play in adoption of environmentally friendly crop protection practices. Ugandaâ s National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) prioritized blight and bacterial wilt as significant detrimental crop diseases for tomatoes, an important high-value horticulture crop. Tomato farmers have also identified these diseases as primary constraints for crop production and have employed chemical pesticides to reduce crop losses. One focus of the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP), which is managed by Virginia Tech, has been the development of an IPM package to lower the use of pesticides in tomato production while reducing the incidence of such crop diseases. Recommended practices increase yields, save money on inputs, and improve health conditions.
Women are responsible for the majority of food production in sub-Saharan Africa; therefore, an understanding of womenâ s issues is critical for the success of agricultural projects, such as the IPM program in Uganda. This research seeks to determine problems women farmers face in adopting the farming practices recommended by the IPM CRSP. Gender-specific constraints make adopting IPM more costly and time-consuming for women. Surveys, interviews, focus group discussions and GIS analysis were completed to determine if adoption of the recommended IPM package is affected by gender constraints in mobility and distances to inputs.Master of Science
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Jackson, Sydni Blaine. "Adoption and Impacts of IPM for Cambodian Rice Farmers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80412.
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This study evaluates the adoption and impacts of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) adoption for rice in Cambodia. Extent of adoption and characteristics of adopters are discovered. Farmers are considered high adopters of IPM if they used two non-pesticide or minimal-pesticide practices to control rice insect, disease, weed, or rodent pests in the last twelve months; farmers are considered low adopters if they used one practice; farmers are considered non-adopters if they used zero practices. IPM practices include pest-resistant variety; stale seedbed (sequential harrowing or harrowing followed by a non-selective herbicide); apply Trichoderma on seeds or seedlings, no insecticide spray for the first 40 days; apply bio-pesticides such as neem, Bt, and metarhizium, and Beauvaria; Sarcocystis bait for rodents; hand weeding at recommended growth stage; and/or another practice specified by the farmer.
Out of 394 farmers surveyed, 40 (10.15%) were found to be high adopters, 228 (57.86%) were found to be low adopters, and 126 (31.97%) were found to be non-adopters of IPM. IPM practices currently include mostly hand-weeding and no spray for 40 days; few other practices were adopted. Our study reveals a need for broader education on rice IPM throughout Cambodia. The high frequency of pesticide applications among rice farmers, the finding that adoption of IPM was not found to have a meaningful influence on the number of pesticide applications, and the finding that less than one-quarter of farmers in our study have received training on IPM reveal the need for increased knowledge of IPM in Cambodia, and the need for future education on IPM to focus on reducing pesticide use.Master of Science
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Carroll, Belinda Stone. "Design and development of an instructional unit on integrated pest management (IPM): using the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) problem to teach IPM." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45072.
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De, Pryck Kari. "Expertise under controversy : the case of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0037/document.
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L'expertise internationale joue un rôle important dans la mise à l’agenda d’enjeux environnementaux globaux. Ces évaluations sont souvent contestées, en particulier là où les faits et les valeurs sont fortement imbriqués. Cette thèse examine le cas du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), une des organisations d’experts les plus contestées. Elle s'intéresse plus généralement à comment ces organisations maintiennent leur autorité, en croisant les apports théoriques des études des sciences et des techniques et de la sociologie des organisations internationales. Un argument central est que le GIEC, en partie à cause de l'univers controversé dans lequel il évolue, est devenu une bureaucratie internationale. La thèse identifie quatre arrangements institutionnels sur lesquels l'organisation s'est appuyée pour maintenir son autorité. Premièrement, elle s'est efforcée de maintenir une représentation équilibrée des États, principalement entre pays développés et pays en développement. Deuxièmement, il a mis en place des mécanismes de gouvernance qui permettent aux gouvernements de jouer un rôle dans le processus d'évaluation, encourageant la “reappropriation” de ses conclusions. Troisièmement, il a procéduralisé le processus d'évaluation pour formaliser le rôle de ses différentes parties et protéger l'organisation contre les critiques. Quatrièmement, il est plus attentif à la gestion de la communication. Ces arrangements sont régulièrement renégociés dans le contexte de nouveaux défis et controverses. Au-delà du GIEC, ils offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour observer l'imbrication de l'autorité politique et épistémiqueIn the last decades, international expertise has been essential to put global environmental problems on the international agenda. These assessments are often contested, especially on issues where facts and values are profoundly entangled. This thesis investigates the case of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), one of the most authoritative, albeit contested expert organisation. It is more generally interested in how these organisations construct and maintain their authority, drawing on insights from Science and Technology Studies and sociological approaches to international organisations. A central argument is that, partly as a result of the controversial universe in which it has evolved, the IPCC has grown into an international bureaucracy. The thesis identifies four institutional arrangements on which the organisation has relied to maintain its authority. First, it has strived for a balanced representation of all nations, and in particular between developed and developing countries. Second, it has put in place governing mechanisms that allow governments to play a central role in the assessment process, encouraging the ‘ownership’ of its conclusions. Third, it has increasingly proceduralised the assessment, to formalise the role of its different parts and protect the organisation against criticism. Four, it has been more attentive to the management of the information displayed about its work. These arrangements are regularly renegotiated in the context of new challenges and controversies. Beyond the IPCC, they provide relevant lenses to observe the intertwining of political and epistemic authority at the international level
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Hughes, Hannah R. "Practices of power and knowledge in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/ed950eee-0676-419b-9d2f-864b3e49f3dd.
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This thesis explores how and by whom climate change is written. Although climate change has the potential to impact all ways of life, not all have the power to determine its meaning. In order to identify the actors with the symbolic power to name climate change, the basis of this authority and the activities through which shared environmental problems are named, this thesis examines one of the central sites of meaning production: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Deploying the sociological approach and thinking tools of Pierre Bourdieu, the IPCC is positioned at the centre of the international political struggle over climate change. It is from within this social location that the thesis re-constructs the actors, activities and forms of authority constituting the IPCC’s assessments of climate change as a practice of writing. In order to determine the forces structuring the IPCC’s writing of climate change the thesis identifies the actors that make up the organisation and follows the assessment report along the pathway of its formation. Documenting the report’s construction from the panel’s decision to repeat the assessment process to government approval of the final product reveals the interrelationship and reinforcing nature of scientific, political, economic, and organisational order in the IPCC’s assessment activities. As a result of these forces and the actors they empower, the meaning of climate change is being written in and through the order that generated the problem.
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Newbury, Kenneth Matthew. "Characterization, Modeling, and Control of Ionic Polymer Transducers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29012.
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Ionic polymers are a recently discovered class of active materials that exhibit bidirectional electromechanical coupling. They are `soft' transducers that perform best when the mechanical deformation involves bending of the transducer. Ionic polymers are low voltage actuators -- they only require inputs on the order of 1V and cannot tolerate voltages above approximately 10V. The mechanisms responsible for the electromechanical coupling are not yet fully understood, and reports of the capabilities and limitations of ionic polymer transducers vary widely. In addition, suitable engineering models have not been developed.
This document presents a dynamic model for ionic polymer transducers that is based on a pair of symmetric, linearly coupled equations with frequency dependent coefficients. The model is presented in the form of an equivalent circuit, employing an ideal transformer with a frequency dependent turns ratio to represent the electromechanical coupling. The circuit elements have clear physical interpretations, and expressions relating them to transducer dimensions and material properties are derived herein.
The material parameters required for the model: modulus, density, electrical properties, and electromechanical coupling term are determined experimentally. The model is then validated by comparing simulated and experimental responses, and the agreement is good. Further validation is presented in the form of extensive experiments that confirm the predicted changes in transducer performance as transducer dimensions are varied. In addition, reciprocity between mechanical and electrical domains is demonstrated. This reciprocity is predicted by the model, and is a direct result of the symmetry in the equations on which the model is based.
The capabilities of ionic polymer sensors and actuators, when used in the cantilevered bender configuration, are discussed and compared to piezoceramic and piezo polymer cantilevered benders. The energy density of all three actuators are within an order of magnitude of one another, with peak values of approximately 10J/m^3 and 4mJ/kg for ionic polymer actuators actuated with a 1.2V signal. Ionic polymer sensors compare favorably to piezoelectric sensors. Their charge sensitivity is approximately 320E-6C/m for a 0.2 x 5 x 17mm cantilevered bender, two orders of magnitude greater than a piezo polymer sensor with identical dimensions.
This work is concluded with a demonstration of feedback control of a device powered by ionic polymer actuators. An ionic polymer sensor was used to provide the displacement feedback signal. This experiment is the first demonstration of feedback control using an ionic polymer sensor. Compensator design was performed using the model developed in the first chapter of this document, and experiments confirmed that implementation of the control scheme improved, in a narrow frequency range, the system's ability to track sinusoidal inputs.Ph. D.
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Robinson, Walter Junkin. "Charge Control of Ionic Polymers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34308.
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Ionomeric polymer metal composites can be used as transducers characterized by high strain
and low force. They are created by bonding a thin conductive electrode to the surfaces
of an ionomeric polymer. Much of the work in the past has focused on using a voltage
across the thickness of the polymer to produce mechanical motion. That work has often
demonstrated that the mechanism of transduction within the polymer was associated with
the accumulation of charge in the polymer. This thesis will discuss the use of current as
a means to better control the accumulation of charge. Better control of the charge will
provide more reliable control of the mechanical motion of the polymer.
The data presented in this thesis demonstrates that the response of an ionomeric
polymer to a current input is repeatable. The repeatability is a desirable result; however,
using current to actuate the polymers also produces back relaxation in the response. Examination
of the back relaxation reveals a low frequency non-linearity. The nonlinearity is
quantified by the fact that the gain associated with the back relaxation does not increase
linearly with an increase in input current. There is also a change in the response at certain
voltage thresholds. For example, when the voltage across the polymer exceeds 3 V, the
rate of back relaxation increases. The repeatability of the response will aid in implementing
reliable control of the polymer, but the non-linearities in the back relaxation will provide a
considerable challenge in developing a model to be used in control.
Master of Science
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Whitehead, Hannah R. "Varroa mite management among small-scale beekeepers: Characterizing factors that affect IPM adoption, and exploring drone brood removal as an IPM tool." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1481534982440449.
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Jones, Jennifer S., David L. Kerns, Michael E. Matheron, William B. McCloskey, and Al Fournier. "Web-based IPM Resources for Arizona's Citrus Growers Final Report." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223677.
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We proposed creating a user-friendly web site that would provide independent, research-based, integrated pest management information to Arizona’s citrus growers and PCAs. This citrus IPM website, located at http://cals.arizona.edu/crops/citrus/ was created and integrated within an existing web site, the Arizona Crop Information Site (ACIS) http://cals.arizona.edu/crops. The Citrus IPM web site was launched on April 15, 2004.
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Rafferty, James Michael. "Politicising stardom : Jane Fonda, IPC Films and Hollywood, 1977-1982." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/675.
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This thesis is an empirical analysis of Jane Fonda’s films, stardom, and political activism during the most commercially successful period of her career. At the outset, Fonda’s early stardom is situated in relation to contemporaneous moral and political ideologies in the United States and how she functioned as both an agent and symbol of these ideologies. Her anti-war activism in the early-1970s constituted the apex of Fonda’s radicalisation and the nadir of her popular appeal; a central question of this thesis, therefore, is how her stardom was rehabilitated for the American mainstream to the point of becoming Hollywood’s most bankable actress. As the star and producer of IPC Films, Fonda developed political projects using commercial formats, namely Coming Home (1978), The China Syndrome (1979), Nine to Five (1980), and Rollover (1981). The final IPC film, On Golden Pond (1981), signalled an ideological breach in this political strategy by favouring a familial spectacle, and duly outperformed its predecessors significantly. The first and last chapters of this work provide historical parameters for IPC in Fonda’s career, while the remaining chapters are structured by the conceptual and political aspects of each IPC project. Julia (1977) is discussed as an IPC prototype through its dramatisation of political consciousness. Coming Home, The China Syndrome, Nine to Five, and Rollover all exhibit this motif whereas On Golden Pond employs melodramatic nostalgia. Often discussed reductively as a star symbolising change, this thesis instead uses archival and published sources to analyse Fonda’s individual agency in historical context, as well as the cultural and political impact of her stardom. The IPC enterprise provided cinematic apparatus for Fonda’s political recuperation within the American mainstream, which, more broadly, harboured significance for the nation’s conservative resurgence at the end of the 1970s.
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Bor, Mehmet. "Effective interprocess communication (IPC) in a real-time transputer network." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33101.
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The thesis describes the design and implementation of an interprocess communication (IPC) mechanism within a real-time distributed operating system kernel (RT-DOS) which is designed for a transputer-based network. The requirements of real-time operating systems are examined and existing design and implementation strategies are described. Particular attention is paid to one of the object-oriented techniques although it is concluded that these techniques are not feasible for the chosen implementation platform. Studies of a number of existing operating systems are reported. The choices for various aspects of operating system design and their influence on the IPC mechanism to be used are elucidated. The actual design choices are related to the real-time requirements and the implementation that has been adopted is described.
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Carrion, Yaguana Vanessa Del Rocio. "Adoption Analysis and Impact Evaluation of Potato IPM in Ecuador." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23286.
Full textAbstract:
There are several well-known negative side effects associated with pesticide use such as health problems and environmental pollution. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) seeks to minimize pesticide use while reducing pest infestation to economically tolerable levels. The introduction of IPM CRSP activities in Ecuador to institutionalize IPM methods focused on priority crops in the country. This study analyzes adoption and the economic impacts of IPM technologies on potato production in the province of Carchi. A model is estimated in which IPM adoption is discrete and ordered and pesticides expenditures are estimated as a function of education, farming experience, wealth, plot size and farmer being sick due to pesticide use for each level of IPM adoption. Results indicate that farmers who were exposed to certain IPM information sources increased adoption of IPM practices on potatoes, but farmers\' education and experience were not important factors in explaining IPM adoption. The calculated economic benefits in terms of aggregate cost savings per production cycle were $823,000.Master of Science