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Books on the topic 'IOX'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Nath Sur, Samarendra, Valentina Emilia Balas, Akash Kumar Bhoi, and Anand Nayyar, eds. IoT and IoE Driven Smart Cities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82715-1.

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2

International Ion Exchange Conference (6th 1992 Churchill College). Ion exchange advances: Proceedings of IEX '92. London: Published for SCI by Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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3

A, Greig J., ed. Ion exchange developments and applications: Proceedings of IEX '96. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, Information Services, 1996.

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4

Ciurea, Doina. Ion Ion: Roman. [Bucharest]: Cartea Românească, 1991.

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5

IOU. London: Simon & Schuster, 2012.

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6

Euripides. Ion. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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7

Warner, Helen. IOU. Leicester: Charnwood, 2013.

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8

Euripides. Ion. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1987.

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9

Plato. Ion. Santa Fe: El Cid Editor, 2004.

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10

Euripides. Ion. Edited by Collard C and Lee K. H. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

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11

Euripides. Ion. London: Methuen Drama, 1994.

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12

Foà, Piero P., and Mary F. Walsh, eds. Ion Channels and Ion Pumps. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2596-6.

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13

1937-, Brouillard F., and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Atomic processes in electron-ion and ion-ion collisions. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.

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14

Brouillard, F., ed. Atomic Processes in Electron-Ion and Ion-Ion Collisions. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5224-2.

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15

Brouillard, F. Atomic Processes in Electron-Ion and Ion-Ion Collisions. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987.

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16

A, Greig J., and Society of Chemical Industry (Great Britain), eds. Ion exchange at the millennium: Proceedings of IEX 2000 : Churchill College, Cambridge, 16-21 July 2000. London: Published on behalf of SCI by Imperial College Press, 2000.

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17

Marcus, Yizhak. Ion solvation. Chichester: Wiley, 1985.

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18

Sadoveanu, Ion Marin. Ion Sîntu. București: Editura Minerva, 1989.

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19

Ion Ghica. București: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2000.

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20

Burtea, Ion. Ion Vodă. București: Editura Meridiane, 1990.

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21

Johns, Michael. Intergovernmental Organizations and International Governance of Migration and Ethnic Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.224.

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An intergovernmental organization, or international organization (IO), is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states (referred to as member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations. They are important aspects of public international law. IOs are established by a treaty that acts as a charter creating the group, and these treaties are formed when lawful representatives (governments) of several states go through a ratification process, providing the IO with an international legal personality. IOs also take part in issues regarding migration and the prevention of ethnic conflicts. Scholars create a general criterion in defining “politically significant” ethnic groups that can be used to help bring into focus ethnicity in regard to IO involvement. Only the groups that have suffered or benefited from discrimination and have been politically mobilized are included in this criterion. This standard is beneficial when considering IOs as they will only become involved in ethnic group/state relations for groups such as these. Meanwhile, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is an intergovernmental organization that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. From its roots as an operational logistics agency, the IOM has widened its scope to become the leading international agency working with governments and civil society to advance the understanding of migration issues, encourage social and economic development through migration, and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.
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22

Balas, Valentina Emilia, Akash Kumar Bhoi, Anand Nayyar, and Samarendra Nath Sur. IoT and IoE Driven Smart Cities. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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23

IEX '92-Ion Exchange Advances (Conference) (Churchill College). Ion exchange advances: Proceedings of IEX'92. Published for SCI by Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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24

Slater, M. J. Ion Exchange Advances: Proceedings of IEX '92. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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25

Romaniuk, Peter. International Organization and Terrorism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.235.

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Before 9/11, the literature on terrorism and international organizations (IOs) was largely event driven. That is to say, the modest nature of the debate reflected a modest empirical record of IO engagement in responding to terrorism. Moreover, this period saw a correlation between the way states acted against terrorism through IOs and the nature of subsequent debates. Famously, states were (and remain) unable to agree on a definition of “terrorism,” precluding broad-based action through IOs. The findings presented in this literature were furthermore often quite bleak. The immediate post-9/11 period, however, was much more optimistic. This period saw an unprecedented increase in action against terrorism in IOs, primarily through the Security Council resolution 1373. Resolution 1373 elaborates a broad—and mandatory—agenda for counterterrorism cooperation. This resolution has had significant and ongoing consequences for the ways IOs are utilized in the effort to suppress terrorism. Furthermore, this and other IO engagements with terrorism brought about an increase in scholarly interest in the area, even giving rise to a sense of optimism in the literature. Thus, from the pre- to the post-9/11 period, there are elements of both continuity and change in the way scholars have discussed terrorism in the context of IOs.
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26

Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian. Emergency Powers of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832935.001.0001.

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This book explores emergency politics of international organizations (IOs). It studies cases in which, based on justifications of exceptional necessity, IOs expand their authority, increase executive discretion, and interfere with the rights of their rule-addressees. This “IO exceptionalism” is observable in the crisis responses of a diverse set of institutions including the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the World Health Organization. Through six in-depth case studies, the book analyzes the institutional dynamics unfolding in the wake of the assumption of emergency powers by IOs. Sometimes, the exceptional competencies become normalized in the IOs’ authority structures (the “ratchet effect”). In other cases, IO emergency powers provoke a backlash that eventually reverses or contains the expansions of authority (the “rollback effect”). To explain these variable outcomes, the book draws on sociological institutionalism to develop a proportionality theory of IO emergency powers. It contends that ratchets and rollbacks are a function of actors’ ability to justify or contest emergency powers as (dis)proportionate. The claim that the distribution of rhetorical power is decisive for the institutional outcome is tested against alternative rational institutionalist explanations that focus on institutional design and the distribution of institutional power among states. The proportionality theory holds across the cases studied in this book and clearly outcompetes the alternative accounts. Against the background of the empirical analysis, the book moreover provides a critical normative reflection on the (anti) constitutional effects of IO exceptionalism and highlights a potential connection between authoritarian traits in global governance and the system’s current legitimacy crisis.
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27

Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Mark, Tobias Lenz, Jeanine Bezuijen, Besir Ceka, Svet Derderyan, Liesbet Hooghe, et al. Constructing the MIA Dataset. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724490.003.0003.

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Chapter Three introduces the Measure of International Authority (MIA) index on delegation and pooling. The first two sections describe how the authors aggregate scores for individual IO bodies at particular stages of decision making in particular decision areas to estimate delegation and pooling at the level of an international organization. In short, it explains the algorithm that produces delegation and pooling scores. The third section presents descriptive statistics comparing delegation and pooling over time, across IOs, and across decision areas. The chapter concludes with tables that summarize the extent of delegation and pooling, in the aggregate and by decision area, for each of seventy-six IOs in the MIA dataset. The scores tap annual variation from 1950 (or date of IO creation) to 2010 (or date of IO death).
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28

Yi-chong, Xu, and Patrick Weller. Understanding International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719496.003.0001.

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This chapter surveys the existing approaches to studying IOs, and discusses our public policy approach. It describes IOs as institutions that are defined by formal and informal rules, by practices and sets of expectations that shape the way those involved in IOs’ activities work. Rather than accepting the traditional proposition that member states decide, the chapter argues that we need to go inside the organization to examine how all the actors perceive their roles, interpret their responsibilities, and interact with each other. It identifies three groups of actors—state representatives, heads of IOs, and secretariats—and discusses their strength, advantages, and levers in IO operations. It particularly highlights the impact of organizational structure, history, and culture on actors’ behaviour and examines their powers of persuasion in a comparative study across six IOs.
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29

Yi-chong, Xu, and Patrick Weller. Funding International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719496.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the internal competition and coordination in mobilising resources from regular and extra-budgetary sources at the six IOs. As the traditional assessed contribution from member states to IOs has been by and large fixed and the share of other sources has been expanding, the challenge for IOs is how to manage (a) the contribution from different parts of member states (assessed vs. voluntary contribution), (b) that of member states and non-state contributors, and (c) the participation of non-state bodies in IO activities which pose serious challenges for the head of IOs, the secretariat and member states. It particularly explains the two different types of budget process within IOs: managing the budget and deficit-driven budgeting, and shows why and how they are done.
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30

Karns, Margaret P. Teaching International Organization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.310.

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The teaching of international organization (IO) poses unique challenges. One is deciding whether to take a broad global governance-IO approach dealing with the creation, revision, and enforcement of rules that mark different governance arrangements, the roles of formal, informal, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental IOs, and the politics, dynamics, and processes of problem-solving and governance in various issue areas, a theory-driven approach, or an IOs approach focusing primarily on select formal intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and possibly nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), emphasizing structures, charters, mandates, and functions. Either choice could lead one to utilize recent literature on IGOs (and to a lesser extent NGOs) as organizations and bureaucracies, examining their design, functions, and performance or behavior. Another is the extent to which various international relations as well as IO-related theories such as theories of cooperation, regime and institution formation and evolution, functionalism, constructivism, and others are integrated into an IO course. To what extent are students introduced to currents of critical theory such as postmodernism, Marxism, feminism, and postcolonialism in relationship to IOs? There is also the question of which IGOs—global and/or regional—to include given the range of possibilities. How all the abovementioned issues are addressed will strongly influence choices with regard to textbooks, other readings, and various types of electronically available materials.
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31

Dahl, Matilda. Reform and Rescue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0013.

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Describing the transition to a market economy in the 1990s and recovery from the financial crisis after 2008 in the Baltic states, particularly in Latvia, we explore the various roles that international organizations (IOs) can assume in order to influence market organization. IOs see states as independent decision makers in control of markets through organization. Paradoxically, however, the practice of IOs and the advice they offer undermine the independent decisions of states, because states are expected to reform in accordance with the IOs’ ideas—ideas that further build on decontextualized notions that may not fit the situation of individual states. Recovering from crises, the Baltic states succeeded in regaining control over markets by not conforming to IO ideas.
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32

Yi-chong, Xu, and Patrick Weller. Representatives of Member States. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719496.003.0002.

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The chapter is organized around two concepts: representation and participation. Member states of IOs may be represented in a number of ways: on Executive Boards, at annual assemblies, by local diplomats. Some states have extensive resources; others are very limited. Some are closely monitored by national capitals; others have greater discretion. Who represents in IOs (diplomats or experts), how states are represented (in-house or flying-in from capital), what resources are available to state representatives; and the interest of national government in IOs all matter in determining how representatives participate in IO activities and the potential impacts of these activities. This chapter challenges two traditional explanations of the workings of IOs: one is that all important decisions are made by the big powers, and the other is that member states dictate what IOs do or do not do.
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33

Yi-chong, Xu, and Patrick Weller. The Working World of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719496.001.0001.

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International organizations (IOs) matter. Based on extensive interviews and exchanges with key players in IOs in the past decade, this book uncovers the regular working world of IOs, to challenge the orthodox view that member states alone decide what IOs do and how they operate. This book provides a realistic and provocative account of the way IOs really work, a picture that would be recognized by those who work there. The Working World of International Organizations specifically examines three groups of players in IOs—state representatives, as proxy for states and often with schizophrenic demands, the head of IOs as diplomat, manager, and politician, and the staff of the permanent secretariat with their competing solutions. It explores their actions and interactions by asking who or what shapes their decisions; how and when decisions are made; how players interact within an IO; and how the interactions vary across six IOs. It argues that each and all of them must contribute if any progress is to be achieved in managing global problems. It shows why this is the case by examining how decisions are made in three key areas: agenda-setting, financing, and decentralization.
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34

Systems, Inc Cisco. Cisco IOS Solutions for Network Protocols, Vol II, IPX, AppleTalk, and More. Cisco Systems, 1998.

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35

Hardt, Heidi. NATO's Lessons in Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672171.001.0001.

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In crisis management operations, strategic errors can cost lives. Some international organizations (IOs) learn from these failures, whereas, others tend to repeat them. Given high rates of turnover and shorter job contracts, how do IOs such as NATO retain any knowledge about past errors? Institutional memory enhances prospects for reforms that can prevent future failures. The book provides an explanation for how and why IOs develop institutional memory in international crisis management. Evidence indicates that the design of an IO’s learning infrastructure (e.g. lessons learned offices and databases) can inadvertently disincentivize IO elites from using it to share knowledge about strategic errors. Under such conditions, IO elites - high-level civilian and military officials - view reporting to be risky. In response, they prefer to contribute to institutional memory through the creation and use of informal processes such as transnational interpersonal networks, private documentation and conversations during crisis management exercises. The result is an institutional memory that remains vulnerable to turnover since critical knowledge is highly dependent on a handful of individuals. The book draws on the author’s interviews and a survey experiment with 120 NATO elites, including assistant secretary generals, military representatives and ambassadors. Cases of NATO crisis management in Afghanistan, Libya and Ukraine serve to further illustrate the development of institutional memory. Findings challenge existing organizational learning scholarship by indicating that formal learning processes alone are insufficient to ensure learning occurs. The book also offers policymakers a set of recommendations for strengthening the learning capacity of IOs.
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36

Yi-chong, Xu, and Patrick Weller. Agenda Setting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719496.003.0005.

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Agenda setting and agenda management are key elements for the effective operation of IOs. They are at the centre of political manœuvring among member states and between states and IOs, and are a competitive process within which players strive to get their issues on the agenda. This chapter first examines how the mandates are interpreted and reinterpreted. It then explores the potential role played by the key players in agenda setting, be they IO leaders, international civil servants, member states, or non-state players. It finally examines how competing multilateral institutions changed the politics of agenda setting in IOs. The conclusion stresses how pluralistic agenda setting has become. It is not the sole prerogative of powerful member states but is open to a much larger range of influences.
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37

Ciurea, Doina. Ion Ion: Roman. Cartea Romaneasca, 1991.

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38

Inc, Cisco Systems, and Riva Technologies. CISCO IOS 12.0 Solution Network Protocols Volume II: IPX, Apple Talk, and More. 2nd ed. Cisco Press, 1999.

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39

Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Marks, Tobias Lenz, Jeanine Bezuijen, Besir Ceka, and Svet Derderyan. Measuring International Authority. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724490.001.0001.

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This book sets out a measure of authority for seventy-six major international organizations (IOs) from 1950 to 2010 in an effort to provide systematic comparative information on international governance. On the premise that transparency is key in the production of data, the authors chart a path in laying out the assumptions that underpin the measure. Successive chapters detail the authors’ theoretical, conceptual, and coding decisions. In order to assess their authority, the authors model the composition of IO bodies, their roles in decision making, the bindingness of IO decisions, and the mechanisms through which they seek to settle disputes. Profiles of regional, cross-regional, and global IOs explain how they are composed and how they make decisions. A distinctive feature of the measure is that it breaks down the concept of international authority into discrete dimensions. The Measure of International Authority (MIA) is built up from coherent ingredients—the composition and role of individual IO bodies at each stage in policy making, constitutional reform, the budget, financial compliance, membership accession, and the suspension of members. These observations can be assembled—like Lego blocks—in diverse ways for diverse purposes. This produces a flexible tool for investigating international governance and testing theory.
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40

Edwards, Martin S., and Jonathan M. DiCicco. International Organizations and Preventing War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.407.

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International organizations (IOs) such as the United Nations play an important role in war prevention. In theory, IOs reduce the risk of war between belligerents by improving communication, facilitating cooperation, and building confidence and trust. In practice, however, IOs’ war-preventing capacities have sparked skepticism and criticism. Recent advances in the scholarly study of the causes of war have given rise to new and promising directions in research on IOs and war prevention. These studies highlight the problems of interstate and intrastate wars, global and regional organizations, preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping, and the relationship between IOs and domestic institutions. They also offer novel insights that both complement and challenge studies of traditional concepts such as collective security. An interesting work is that of J. D. Fearon, who frames war as a bargaining process between rational states. Fearon articulates a central puzzle of international relations: since war is costly, the question that arises is why rational leaders of competing states choose to fight instead of pursuing less costly, nonviolent dispute settlements. Three general mechanisms account for rational, unitary states’ inability to identify an alternative outcome that both would prefer to war: bluffing about private information, commitment problems, and indivisibility of stakes. Despite the obvious progress in research on IOs and war prevention, there remain methodological and theoretical issues that deserve consideration for further investigation, two of which are: the interaction of domestic and international organizations, and the implications of variations in IO design.
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41

Shackelford, Scott J. The Internet of Things. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190943813.001.0001.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the notion that nearly everything we use, from gym shorts to streetlights, will soon be connected to the Internet; the Internet of Everything (IoE) encompasses not just objects, but the social connections, data, and processes that the IoT makes possible. Industry and financial analysts have predicted that the number of Internet-enabled devices will increase from 11 billion to upwards of 75 billion by 2020. Regardless of the number, the end result looks to be a mind-boggling explosion in Internet connected stuff. Yet, there has been relatively little attention paid to how we should go about regulating smart devices, and still less about how cybersecurity should be enhanced. Similarly, now that everything from refrigerators to stock exchanges can be connected to a ubiquitous Internet, how can we better safeguard privacy across networks and borders? Will security scale along with this increasingly crowded field? Or, will a combination of perverse incentives, increasing complexity, and new problems derail progress and exacerbate cyber insecurity? For all the press that such questions have received, the Internet of Everything remains a topic little understood or appreciated by the public. This volume demystifies our increasingly “smart” world, and unpacks many of the outstanding security, privacy, ethical, and policy challenges and opportunities represented by the IoE. Scott J. Shackelford provides real-world examples and straightforward discussion about how the IoE is impacting our lives, companies, and nations, and explain how it is increasingly shaping the international community in the twenty-first century. Are there any downsides of your phone being able to unlock your front door, start your car, and control your thermostat? Is your smart speaker always listening? How are other countries dealing with these issues? This book answers these questions, and more, along with offering practical guidance for how you can join the effort to help build an Internet of Everything that is as secure, private, efficient, and fun as possible.
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42

McKenna, H. Patricia. Ambient Urbanities As the Intersection Between the IoT and the IoP in Smart Cities. IGI Global, 2019.

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43

McKenna, H. Patricia. Ambient Urbanities as the Intersection Between the IoT and the IoP in Smart Cities. IGI Global, 2019.

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44

Brouillard, F., and J. W. McGowan. Physics of Ion-Ion and Electron-Ion Collisions. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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45

Physics of Ion-Ion and Electron-Ion Collisions. Springer, 2013.

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46

Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Mark, Tobias Lenz, Jeanine Bezuijen, Besir Ceka, and Svet Derderyan. Europe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724490.003.0008.

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This chapter presents profiles on the authority of seven international organizations (IOs) in Europe. Each profile explains the coding scheme is applied to the IO by charting a path from the primary and secondary evidence to scoring judgments. They tell the reader how the assembly, executive, secretariat, consultative body, and dispute settlement of each IO are composed, what decisions each body makes, and how they make decisions. The profiles chart these developments annually since 1950. The authors indicate four kinds of uncertainty in superscript: α‎ for thin information; β‎ for a case that falls between the intervals on a dimension; γ‎ for disagreement among sources; δ‎ for inconsistency between written rules in the IO. Each profile is followed by tables summarizing the authors’ observations. Data and codebooks for the Measure of International Authority (MIA) are available on the authors’ websites.
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47

Plato. Ion. Gallimard, 1992.

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48

Plato. Ion. Quiet Vision Pub, 2004.

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49

Hertz, Noreena. IOU. HarperPerennial, 2005.

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50

Euripides. Ion. Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

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