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Garand, Louis, Sylvain Heilliette, and Mark Buehner. "Interchannel Error Correlation Associated with AIRS Radiance Observations: Inference and Impact in Data Assimilation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2496.1.
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Abstract The interchannel observation error correlation (IOEC) associated with radiance observations is currently assumed to be zero in meteorological data assimilation systems. This assumption may lead to suboptimal analyses. Here, the IOEC is inferred for the Atmospheric Infrared Radiance Sounder (AIRS) hyperspectral radiance observations using a subset of 123 channels covering the spectral range of 4.1–15.3 μm. Observed minus calculated radiances are computed for a 1-week period using a 6-h forecast as atmospheric background state. A well-established technique is used to separate the observation and background error components for each individual channel and each channel pair. The large number of collocations combined with the 40-km horizontal spacing between AIRS fields of view allows robust results to be obtained. The resulting background errors are in good agreement with those inferred from the background error matrix used operationally in data assimilation at the Meteorological Service of Canada. The IOEC is in general high among the water vapor–sensing channels in the 6.2–7.2-μm region and among surface-sensitive channels. In contrast, it is negligible for channels within the main carbon dioxide absorption band (13.2–15.4 μm). The impact of incorporating the IOEC is evaluated from 1D variational retrievals at 381 clear-sky oceanic locations. Temperature increments differ on average by 0.25 K, and ln(q) increments by 0.10, where q is specific humidity. Without IOEC, the weight given to the observations appears to be too high; the assimilation attempts to fit the observations nearly perfectly. The IOEC better constrains the variational assimilation process, and the rate of convergence is systematically faster by a factor of 2.
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Firdaus, Muhammad, Sandi Rahmadika, and Kyung-Hyune Rhee. "Decentralized Trusted Data Sharing Management on Internet of Vehicle Edge Computing (IoVEC) Networks Using Consortium Blockchain." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072410.
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The emergence of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) aims to facilitate the next generation of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications by combining smart vehicles and the internet to improve traffic safety and efficiency. On the other hand, mobile edge computing (MEC) technology provides enormous storage resources with powerful computing on the edge networks. Hence, the idea of IoV edge computing (IoVEC) networks has grown to be an assuring paradigm with various opportunities to advance massive data storage, data sharing, and computing processing close to vehicles. However, the participant’s vehicle may be unwilling to share their data since the data-sharing system still relies on a centralized server approach with the potential risk of data leakage and privacy security. In addition, vehicles have difficulty evaluating the credibility of the messages they received because of untrusted environments. To address these challenges, we propose consortium blockchain and smart contracts to accomplish a decentralized trusted data sharing management system in IoVEC. This system allows vehicles to validate the credibility of messages from their neighboring by generating a reputation rating. Moreover, the incentive mechanism is utilized to trigger the vehicles to store and share their data honestly; thus, they will obtain certain rewards from the system. Simulation results substantially display an efficient network performance along with forming an appropriate incentive model to reach a decentralized trusted data sharing management of IoVEC networks.
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Li, Liang, Hongmei Zhang, John W. Holloway, Susan Ewart, Caroline L. Relton, S. Hasan Arshad, and Wilfried Karmaus. "Does DNA methylation mediate the association of age at puberty with forced vital capacity or forced expiratory volume in 1 s?" ERJ Open Research 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 00476–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00476-2021.
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BackgroundAge of pubertal onset is associated with lung function in adulthood. However, the underlying role of epigenetics as a mediator of this association remains unknown.MethodsDNA methylation (DNAm) in peripheral blood was measured at age 18 years in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) along with data on age of pubertal events, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 26 years. Structural equation models were applied to examine mediation effects of DNAm on the association of age at pubertal events with FVC and FEV1. Findings were further tested in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort.ResultsIn the IOWBC, for females, 21 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) were shown to mediate the association of age at puberty with FVC or FEV1 at 26 years (p<0.05). In males, DNAm at 20 CpGs was found to mediate the association of age at puberty with FVC (p<0.05). At almost all these CpGs, indirect effects (effects of age at pubertal events on FVC or FEV1via DNAm) contributed a smaller portion to the total effects compared to direct effects (e.g. at cg08680129, ∼22% of the estimated total effect of age at menarche on FVC at age 26 was contributed by an indirect effect). Among the IOWBC-discovered CpGs available in ALSPAC, none of them was replicated in ALSPAC (p>0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that post-adolescence DNAm in peripheral blood is likely not to mediate the association of age at pubertal onset with young adulthood FVC or FEV1.
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Arshad, S. Hasan, John W. Holloway, Wilfried Karmaus, Hongmei Zhang, Susan Ewart, Linda Mansfield, Sharon Matthews, Claire Hodgekiss, Graham Roberts, and Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy. "Cohort Profile: The Isle Of Wight Whole Population Birth Cohort (IOWBC)." International Journal of Epidemiology 47, no. 4 (March 14, 2018): 1043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy023.
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Rathod, Aniruddha, Hongmei Zhang, Syed Hasan Arshad, Susan Ewart, Caroline L. Relton, Wilfried Karmaus, and John W. Holloway. "DNA Methylation and Asthma Acquisition during Adolescence and Post-Adolescence, an Epigenome-Wide Longitudinal Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020202.
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The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of asthma acquisition in adolescence and post-adolescence has been unknown. We carried out a longitudinal epigenome-wide association study, using data from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (IOWBC). To improve statistical power, we first screened CpGs based on associations of DNA methylation (DNAm) at an age of 10 years (pre-adolescence) with asthma acquisition at 10–18 years (during adolescence). A logistic regression with repeated measures was applied to CpGs that passed screening to examine the associations of pre-adolescence DNAm with asthma acquisition from 10–18 years and 18–26 years, with an interaction term to evaluate transition period specificity. Findings were further tested in an independent birth cohort, ALSPAC. In total, 205 CpGs (with 150 being females) showed associations with asthma acquisition (main or interaction effects) at FDR = 0.05 in IOWBC, of which 112 (90 being females) showed consistent associations in the ALSPAC. Genes that the identified CpGs were mapped to, e.g., AKAP1 and ENO1, have been shown to be associated with the risk of asthma. Our findings indicated that DNAm at specific CpGs was associated with asthma acquisition. CpGs showing such associations were likely to be different between males and females and, at certain CpGs, were unique to a specific transition period.
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Arshad, S. Hasan, Veeresh Patil, Frances Mitchell, Stephen Potter, Hongmei Zhang, Susan Ewart, Linda Mansfield, Carina Venter, John W. Holloway, and Wilfried J. Karmaus. "Cohort Profile Update: The Isle of Wight Whole Population Birth Cohort (IOWBC)." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 1083–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa068.
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Glikson, M., D. L. Gibson, and R. P. Philp. "Organic matter in Australian Cambrian oil shales and other Iower Palaeozoic shales." Chemical Geology 51, no. 3-4 (October 1985): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90130-5.
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Luo, Rui, Nandini Mukherjee, Su Chen, Yu Jiang, S. Hasan Arshad, John W. Holloway, Anna Hedman, et al. "Paternal DNA Methylation May Be Associated With Gestational Age at Birth." Epigenetics Insights 13 (January 2020): 251686572093070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516865720930701.
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Background: How epigenetic modifications of DNA are associated with gestational age at birth is not fully understood. We investigated potential effects of differential paternal DNA methylation (DNAm) on offspring gestational age at birth by conducting an epigenome-wide search for cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites. Methods: Study participants in this study consist of male cohort members or partners of the F1-generation of the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (IoWBC). DNAm levels in peripheral blood from F1-fathers (n = 92) collected around pregnancy of their spouses were analyzed using the Illumina 450K array. A 5-step statistical analysis was performed. First, a training-testing screening approach was applied to select CpG sites that are potentially associated with gestational age at birth. Second, functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify biological processes. Third, by centralizing on biologically informative genes, Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios of individual paternal CpGs on gestational age adjusting for confounders. Fourth, to assess the validity of our results, we compared our CpG-gestational age correlations within a Born into Life Study in Sweden (n = 15). Finally, we investigated the correlation between the detected CpGs and differential gene expression in F2 cord blood in the IoWBC. Results: Analysis of DNAm of fathers collected around their partner’s pregnancy identified 216 CpG sites significantly associated with gestational age at birth. Functional enrichment pathways analyses of the annotated genes revealed 2 biological pathways significantly related to cell-cell membrane adhesion molecules. Differential methylation of 9 cell membrane adhesion pathway-related CpGs were significantly associated with gestational age at birth after adjustment for confounders. The replication sample showed correlation coefficients of 2 pathway-related CpGs with gestational age at birth within 95% confidence intervals of correlation coefficients in IoWBC. Finally, CpG sites of protocadherin ( PCDH) gene clusters were associated with gene expression of PCDH in F2 cord blood. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that differential paternal DNAm may affect gestational age at birth through cell-cell membrane adhesion molecules. The results are novel but require future replication in a larger cohort.
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Molecki, Adam. "Electromobility & public transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 18, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2017.032.
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There have been made many steps In Poland for about a year to noticeably increase the number ofelectric vehicles In traffic. Undoubtedly, this is a positive direction of change. The government's electromobility support plan is focused on the development of new technologies. For the traffic, in the short term, it can improve the quality of life especiaiły in cities. In the long period, it should lead to Iower prices for electric vehicles, and conseguently to maintain the trend of elimination of vehicles with internal combustion engines. At the same time, attention should be paid to several aspects that seem to be very debatable - the return to the promotion of individual transport, and what is even worse - the possible depreciation of the public transport system.
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Liu, Jia, Mingyu Zhang, Chaoyong Wang, Rongjun Chen, Xiaofeng An, and Yufei Wang. "Upper Bound on the Bit Error Probability of Systematic Binary Linear Codes via Their Weight Spectra." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1469090.
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In this paper, upper bound on the probability of maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding error for systematic binary linear codes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels is proposed. The proposed bound on the bit error probability is derived with the framework of Gallager’s first bounding technique (GFBT), where the Gallager region is defined to be an irregular high-dimensional geometry by using a list decoding algorithm. The proposed bound on the bit error probability requires only the knowledge of weight spectra, which is helpful when the input-output weight enumerating function (IOWEF) is not available. Numerical results show that the proposed bound on the bit error probability matches well with the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding simulation approach especially in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, which is better than the recently proposed Ma bound.
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Caraballo, Roberto, Santiago Flesler, and Natalio Fejerman. "Atypical Evolutions of Idiopathic Focal Epilepsies in Childhood." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 05, no. 03 (June 27, 2016): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584671.
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Clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features of the three well-defined idiopathic focal epilepsies in childhood (IFEC)—benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS), Panayiotopoulos syndrome, and the Gastaut type of idiopathic occipital epilepsy of childhood (IOEC-G)—have been clearly described and reported. It is also known that a significant percentage of children with IFEC present what were named atypical features in seizures and EEG abnormalities. We are studying here the small number of patients with IFEC who not only present atypical features, but also evolve into the spectrum of epileptic encephalopathies related with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWSS) or electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES), which includes atypical benign focal epilepsy of childhood, status of BCECTS, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and CSWSS or ESES syndrome. We also emphasize that some patients with these encephalopathic course of IFEC present a mix or a sequence in time of the four mentioned subsyndromes.
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Rathod, Rutu, Aniruddha Rathod, Parnian Kheirkhah Rahimabad, Jiasong Duan, Hongmei Zhang, S. Hasan Arshad, and Wilfried Karmaus. "Methylation of Host Genes Associated with Coronavirus Infection from Birth to 26 Years." Genes 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081198.
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DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns over time at 1146 CpGs on coronavirus-related genes were assessed to understand whether the varying differences in susceptibility, symptoms, and the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults could be explained through epigenetic alterations in a host cell’s transcriptional apparatus to coronaviruses. DNAm data from the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) at birth, 10, 18, and 26 years of age were included. Linear mixed models with repeated measurements stratified by sex were used to examine temporal patterns, and cluster analysis was performed to identify CpGs following similar patterns. CpGs on autosomes and sex chromosomes were analyzed separately. The association of identified CpGs and expression of their genes were evaluated. Pathway enrichment analyses of the genes was conducted at FDR = 0.05. DNAm at 635 of the 1146 CpGs on autosomes showed statistically significant time effects (FDR = 0.05). The 635 CpGs were classified into five clusters with each representing a unique temporal pattern of DNAm. Of the 29 CpGs on sex chromosomes, DNAm at seven CpGs in males and eight CpGs in females showed time effects (FDR = 0.05). Sex-specific and non-specific associations of DNAm with gene expression were found at 24 and 93 CpGs, respectively. Genes which mapped the 643 CpGs represent 460 biological processes. We suggest that the observed variability in DNAm with advancing age may partially explain differing susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality of coronavirus infections among different age groups.
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Szymańska, Maria, and Jolanta Molas. "Stimulation of development of Cucumis sativus L. plants by low concentration of aluminium in vitro conditions." Acta Agrobotanica 48, no. 2 (2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1995.018.
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The culture of cucumber plants <em>Cucumis sativus</em> L. Wisconsin cultivar, from seeds and leaf explants, were carried out on the basic medium ofMurashige and Skoog <em>in vitro</em> conditions. In the culture set from the leaf explants the MS medium was supplemented with IAA (0,5 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>) and BAP (2 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>). Aluminium (as AlCl<sub>3</sub>) was added to the media in concentration Of 1 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>. The media pH was adjusted to 6,2 or 4,2. In seedling culture, aluminium substantially stimulated the growth and development of the root system while a shoot to a small degree only (it advanced leaf formation mainly), causing no morphological and developmental anomalies. In the culture from the leaf explants Al induced the process of rhizogenesis which did not take place on the media without Al. It also stimulated a shoot morphogenesis. After 8 weeks of culture, 32 % leafexplants formed plants with short shoots (2-3,5 cm), long ones (5,5-7 cm) and with long but poorly branched root system„ In the acid conditions (pH 4,2), the effect 0 Al on plant growth was Iower than on the media with pH 6,2. Also a number of regenerated explants with comparable direction of differentiation won a fewer in low pH.
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Miszczak, Artur, Edward Lange, Marian Saniewski, and Janusz Czapski. "The effect of methyl jasmonate on ethylene production and CO2 evolution in Jonagold apples." Acta Agrobotanica 48, no. 2 (2013): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1995.023.
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Apples cv. Jonagold were harvested at the beginning of October and stored at 0°C until treatment between the beginning of December and the end of January. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at the concentration of l,0, 0,5, 0,1, 0,05, and 0,01% in lanolin paste were applied to the surface ofintact apples. During five days from treatment, samples of cortex with skin (area about 2,0 cm<sup>2</sup>) were cut off at a depth of about 2 mm and used for determination of ethylene production, ACC oxidase activity and respiration determined as CO<sub>2</sub> evolution. The production of endogenous ethylene was highest at mid-January ( 100, 280, and 250 nl/g*h at December, mid-January, and the end of January, respectively). During December and at the beginning of January, JA-Me initially ( 1 -2 days after treatment) stimulated ethylene production and then the production was inhibited. The lower concentration of JA-Me caused initially the greater stimulation and then Iower inhibition of ethylene production. However, at the time of maximum production of endogenous ethylene (mid-January) and later. stimulatory effect of JA-Me disappeared. The effect of various concentrations and time of application of JA-Me on ACC oxidase activity had similar trend as endogenous ethylene production. Methyl jasmonate stimulated respiration and this effect was dependent on JA-Me concentration and independent on time of application. The metabolic significance of these findings is discussed.
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HORIKOSHI, Masaru, Mikio KUSAMA, Toyoko KISHI, Toaki ONO, Takashi FUJIBAYASHI, Hideaki NAGURA, Shoji ENOMOTO, and Norihiko OKADA. "Clinical studies on squamous cell carcinoma of iower alveolus and gingiva III. Evaluation of clinical and histopathological features of primary iesion in predicting regional iymph node metastasis." Japanese jornal of Head and Neck Cancer 16, no. 2 (1990): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5981/jjhnc1974.16.2_119.
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Zhang, Hao, Fangfang Zhao, Along Peng, Shuang Guo, Mengzhi Wang, Mabrouk Elsabagh, Juan J. Loor, and Hongrong Wang. "l-Arginine Inhibits Apoptosis of Ovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells through the l-Arginine–Nitric Oxide Pathway." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 8 (May 15, 2020): 2051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa133.
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ABSTRACT Background In nonruminants, many of the biological roles of l-arginine (Arg) at the intestinal level are mediated through the Arg–nitric oxide (Arg–NO) pathway. Whether the Arg–NO pathway is involved in controlling the immune response and viability in ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs) is unclear. Objectives The current study aimed to examine the role of the Arg–NO pathway in apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function of IOECs. Methods The IOECs were incubated in Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 150 μM Arg (CON) or 300 μM Arg (ARG) alone or with 350 μM Nw-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) (CON + NAME, ARG + NAME) for 24 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity, and cell apoptotic percentage were determined. Results Arg supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the ROS concentration (38.9% and 22.7%) and apoptotic cell percentage (57.2% and 54.8%) relative to the CON and CON + NAME groups, respectively. Relative to the CON and ARG treatments, the l-NAME administration decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of superoxide dismutase 2 (32% and 21.3%, respectively) and epithelial NO synthase (36% and 29.1%, respectively). Arg supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of apoptosis antigen 1 (FAS) (52.0% and 43.9%) but increased (P < 0.05) those of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (31.3% and 22.9%) and inducible NO synthase (35.2% and 41.8%) relative to the CON and CON + NAME groups, respectively. Conclusions The inhibition of apoptosis in IOECs due to the increased supply of Arg is associated with the mitochondria- and FAS-dependent pathways through the activity of the Arg–NO pathway. The findings help elucidate the role of the Arg–NO pathway in IOEC growth and apoptosis.
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Chen, Yan, and Dean S. Oliver. "Ensemble-Based Closed-Loop Optimization Applied to Brugge Field." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 13, no. 01 (February 11, 2010): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/118926-pa.
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Summary In this paper, ensemble-based closed-loop optimization is applied to a large-scale SPE benchmark study. The Brugge field, a synthetic reservoir, is designed as a common platform to test different closed-loop reservoir management methods. The problem was designed to mimic real field management scenarios and, as a result, is by far the largest and most complex test case on closed-loop optimization. The Brugge field model consists of nine layers with a total of 44,550 active cells. It has one internal fault and seven rock regions with different relative permeability and capillary pressure functions. There are 20 producers and 10 injectors in the field. Noise corrupted production data are provided monthly. Each well has three different completions that can be controlled independently. The producing life of the reservoir is 30 years, and the objective of optimization is to maximize the net present value (NPV) at the end of 30 years. Because of the complexity of this test case, several advanced techniques are used in order to improve the solution of the ensemble-based closed-loop optimization. First, covariance localization was used to obtain good model updates with a relatively small ensemble of reservoir models. Localization alleviated the effect of spurious correlations and made it possible to incorporate large amounts of data. Second, covariance inflation was used to compensate for the tendency of small ensembles to lose variability too quickly. When covariance inflation was used together with localization, variability in the ensemble was maintained. Third, regularization was also used in the ensemble-based optimization to reduce the effect of spurious correlations and to smooth the optimized control parameters. Fourth, normalized saturations were used in the state vector because different rock regions had different relative permeability endpoint saturations. Finally, the addition of global parameters such as relative permeability curves and initial oil/water contact (IOWC) reduced the tendency for overshoot. The resulting combination of ensemble-based data assimilation and optimization performed very well on the benchmark study, achieving an NPV within 1% of the value obtained by the test organizers with known geology.
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Mukherjee, Nandini, Ryan Arathimos, Su Chen, Parnian Kheirkhah Rahimabad, Luhang Han, Hongmei Zhang, John W. Holloway, et al. "DNA methylation at birth is associated with lung function development till age 26 years." European Respiratory Journal, November 19, 2020, 2003505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03505-2020.
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Little is known about whether DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites at birth predicts patterns of lung function development. We used heel prick DNAm from the F1-generation of Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC-F1) for discovery of CpGs associated with lung function trajectories (Forced Expiratory Volume, Forced Vital Capacity, their ratio, and Forced Expiratory Flow at 25–75%) over the first 26 years, stratified by sex. We replicated the findings in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) using cord blood DNAm.Epigenome-wide screening was applied to identify CpGs associated with lung function trajectories in 396 boys, and 390 girls of IOWBC-F1. Replication in ALSPAC focused on lung function at ages 8, 15 and 24 years. Statistically significantly replicated CpGs were investigated for consistency in direction of association between cohorts, stability of DNAm over time in IOWBC-F1, relevant biological processes, and for association with gene expression (n=161) in IOWBC F2-generation (IOWBC-F2).Differential DNAm of 8 CpGs on genes GLUL, MYCN, HLX, LHX1, COBL, COL18A1, STRA6, and WNT11 involved in developmental processes, were significantly associated with lung function in the same direction in IOWBC-F1 and ALSPAC, and showed stable patterns at birth, age 10 and 18 years between high and low lung function trajectories in IOWBC-F1. CpGs on LHX1 and COL18A1 were linked to gene expression in IOWBC-F2.In two large cohorts, novel DNAm at birth were associated with patterns of lung function in adolescence and early adulthood providing possible targets for preventative interventions against adverse pulmonary function development.
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Sunny, Shadia Khan, Hongmei Zhang, Caroline L. Relton, Susan Ring, Latha Kadalayil, Fawaz Mzayek, Susan Ewart, John W. Holloway, and S. Hasan Arshad. "Sex-specific longitudinal association of DNA methylation with lung function." ERJ Open Research, April 29, 2021, 00127–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00127-2021.
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Investigating whether DNA-M at an earlier age is associated with lung function at a later age and whether this relationship differs by sex could enable prediction of future lung function deficit.A training/testing-based technique was used to screen 402 714 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide sites (CpGs) to assess the longitudinal association of blood-based DNA-M at ages 10 and 18-years with lung function at 18 and 26-years, respectively, in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC). Multivariable linear mixed models were applied to the CpGs that passed screening. To detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs), DMR enrichment analysis was conducted. Findings were further examined in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Biological relevance of the identified CpGs was assessed utilizing gene expression data.DNA-M at 8 CpGs (FEV1: 5 and FEV1/FVC: 3 CpGs) at an earlier age was associated with lung function at a later age regardless of sex, while at 13 CpGs (FVC: 5, FEV1:3, and FEV1/FVC: 5 CpGs), the associations were sex-specific (pFDR<0.05) in IOWBC with consistent directions of association in ALSPAC (IOWBC-ALSPAC consistent CpGs). cg16582803 (WNT10A) and cg14083603 (ZGPAT) were replicated in ALSPAC for main and sex-specific effects, respectively. Among IOWBC-ALSPAC consistent CpGs, DNA-M at cg01376079 (SSH3) and cg07557690 (TGFBR3) was associated with gene expression both longitudinally and cross-sectionally. In total, 57 and 170 DMRs were linked to lung function longitudinally in males and females, respectively.CpGs showing longitudinal associations with lung function have the potential to serve as candidate markers in future studies on lung function deficit prediction.
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"Editorial Introduction." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v5i2.108.
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The Editors are proud to present the second issue of the fifth volume of the JIOWS. This issue highlights several innovations, including scholarship developed at the IOWC, an extended original article, and a new section to the journal.
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Donley, M. S., P. T. Murray, and N. T. McDevitt. "Synthesis and Characterization of MoS2 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Evaporation." MRS Proceedings 140 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-140-277.
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AbstractThe growth and characterization of MoS thin films grown by pulsed laser evaporation is investigated. TOF anafysis of the ions evaporated from an MoS2 target indicates that PLE results primarily in the evaporation of atomic Mo and S species; MoxSy clusters were also detected, but were present at a significantly Iower intensity. TOF velocity analysis indicates an effective plasma temperature of 1500K. Stoichiometric MoS2 films were grown at substrate temperatures between room temperature and 500ºC under the above laser conditions. XPS data is used to develop a Wagner chemical state plot. Analysis of the films by Raman spectroscopy and glancing angle x-ray diffraction indicates the films to be crystalline, hexagonal MoS2, with a tendency for basal plane orientation parallel to the substrate.
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Jaccard, Samuel, Marc Münster, Peter O. Baumgartner, Claudia Baumgartner-Mora, and Percy Denyer. "Barra Honda (Upper Paleocene- Iower Eocene) and el Viejo (Campanian-Maastrichtian) carbonate platforms in the Tempisque Area (Guanacaste, Costa Rica)." Revista Geológica de América Central, no. 24 (June 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i24.8550.
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Lin, S. Y., G. Lucovsky, S. Guha, and J. S. Payson. "Electronic Structure of Divalent Defects in Tetrahedrally Bonded Amorphous Materials." MRS Proceedings 70 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-70-107.
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ABSTRACTThis paper describes a calculation of twofold-coordinated (or divalent) intrinsic bonding defects in a-SiSn:H alloy films. The motivation for this study comes from experimental studies of the electronic and optical properties of a- Si, Sn:H alloys which indicate dramatic changes in the electronic and photoelectronic properties for small concentrations of Sn (approximately 1–2 at. %). We have used a cluster Bethe lattice structural model and an empirical tight-binding Hamiltonian to investigate the electronic properties of tetrahedrally bonded Sn atoms and neutral Sn defect centers (T2o and T3o) and in an a-Si host. We find that: (C) fourfoldcoordinated Sn atoms simply promote a reduction in the optical bandgap, with the energy gap disappearing for Sn concentrations of about 20 to 30 at. %; (2) neutral dangling bonds (T2o) or threefold-coordinated Sn atoms generate a localized state in the gap that is iower in energy than the corresponding neutral Si atom dangling bond; and (3) divalent (T2o) or twofold-coordinated Sn atoms give rise to two states in the gap, an occupied state that is lower in energy that either the Sn or Si dangling bond, and an empty state that is just below the conduction band edge. We show that the electronic and optical properties of the a-SiSn:H alloys can be understood in terms of a model in which there are relatively high densities of unhydrogenated Sn divalent sites and/or Sn dangling bonds.
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Rathod, Rutu, Hongmei Zhang, Wilfried Karmaus, Susan Ewart, Fawaz Mzayek, S. Hasan Arshad, and John W. Holloway. "Association of childhood BMI trajectory with post-adolescent and adult lung function is mediated by pre-adolescent DNA methylation." Respiratory Research 23, no. 1 (July 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-022-02089-4.
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Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be associated with lung function. Recent findings showed that DNA methylation (DNAm) variation is likely to be a consequence of changes in BMI. However, whether DNAm mediates the association of BMI with lung function is unknown. We examined the mediating role of DNAm on the association of pre-adolescent BMI trajectories with post-adolescent and adulthood lung function (forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC). Methods Analyses were undertaken in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC). Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to infer latent BMI trajectories from age 1 to 10 years. An R package, ttscreening, was applied to identify CpGs at 10 years potentially associated with BMI trajectories for each sex. Linear regressions were implemented to further screen CpGs for their association with lung function at 18 years. Path analysis, stratified by sex, was applied to each screened CpG to assess its role of mediation. Internal validation was applied to further examine the mediation consistency of the detected CpGs based on lung function at 26 years. Mendelian randomization (MR-base) was used to test possible causal effects of the identified CpGs. Results Two BMI trajectories (high vs. low) were identified. Of the 442,475 CpG sites, 18 CpGs in males and 33 in females passed screening. Eight CpGs in males and 16 CpGs in females (none overlapping) were identified as mediators. For subjects with high BMI trajectory, high DNAm at all CpGs in males were associated with decreased lung function, while 8 CpGs in females were associated with increased lung function at 18 years. At 26 years, 6 CpGs in males and 14 CpGs in females showed the same direction of indirect effects as those at 18 years. DNAm at CpGs cg19088553 (GRIK2) and cg00612625 (HPSE2) showed a potential causal effect on FEV1. Conclusions The effects of BMI trajectory in early childhood on post-adolescence lung function were likely to be mediated by pre-adolescence DNAm in both males and females, but such mediation effects were likely to diminish over time.
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"Editorial Introduction." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 5, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v5i1.93.
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The Editors are proud to present the first issue of the fifth volume of the JIOWS. This issue represents a number of innovations in IOW studies and for our journal.Firstly, we present a special feature on port-towns in the IOW, organized and guest edited by Vidhya Raveendranathan and Duane Corpis. This special feature stems from an interdisciplinary conference held at NYU Shanghai in 2019 and adds perspectives focusing on labour and infrastructure to our understanding of the IOW’s port-towns, past and present. Raveendranathan has written a historiographical primer and has introduced the four articles contained within the feature in the Guest Editors’ Introduction. We are also thrilled to announce that she has agreed to join the permanent editorial team as a Managing Editor following the publication of this issue. We look forward to continuing our work together moving forwards.Secondly, we present two articles dealing with separate issues in IOW studies. Nancy Wright engages the work of Lindsey Collen, a Mauritian novelist, to challenge the thematic paradigms of ‘centre’ and ‘margins’ in the literature of the IOW. She argues that, through using the English language and folklore in her writing, Collen brings the margins to the centre, thereby obliviating an assumed analytical dichotomy. Collen’s work transforms this and other dichotomies by narrating the human condition across gender, class, and nation. Meanwhile, Heena Mistry re-visits the repatriation debate in India following the abolition of indenture in 1917. By drawing on the work of an ‘ocean-crossing activist’ and a journalist with significant links to South Africa, she sheds new light on Indian diasporic perspectives of late colonial India and the IOW. Here, the IOW perspective challenges better-known histories of Indian Nationalism and anticolonialism that focus largely on developments occurring within India itself.Finally, we are proud to launch the Book Reviews section of the JIOWS with Zozan Pehlivan as Book Reviews’ Editor. As Pehlivan is a former postdoctoral fellow at the IOWC, we are especially excited to renew our formal collaboration with her in this new role. In this issue, we present reviews of two exciting publications in IOW studies: Wilson Chacko Jacob’s For God or Empire and Laleh Khalili’s Sinews of War and Trade. We hope to build on and expand our book reviews section moving forwards, making the JIOWS the prime location in which scholarship pertaining to the IOW is discussed and analysed.