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Dangat, Prof M. T. "Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59103.
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Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a part of IOT (Internet of Things) technology that has provided an opportunity to build powerful industrial system and applications by using different I0T devices like sensors, actuators, Resistance Temperature Detectors, pH analyzers, Level Transmitters, RFIDs, wireless and mobile devices. High-speed internet has given a new hike in development of IOT devices, as it makes remote access facility at ease. Various IOT applications and systems have been developed and deployed in recent years. To understand the development of IOТ technology, this study addresses IIOT concepts through a systematic review of various white papers, research papers and online database.Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a part of IOT (Internet of Things) technology that has provided an opportunity to build powerful industrial system and applications by using different I0T devices like sensors, actuators, Resistance Temperature Detectors, pH analyzers, Level Transmitters, RFIDs, wireless and mobile devices. High-speed internet has given a new hike in development of IOT devices, as it makes remote access facility at ease. Various IOT applications and systems have been developed and deployed in recent years. To understand the development of IOТ technology, this study addresses IIOT concepts through a systematic review of various white papers, research papers and online database.
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Sharma, Shivani Ramesh. "Internet of Things IoT: IoT in Healthcare." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23971.
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C. Sailaja. "Industrial Internet of Things – An Overview." December 2022 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2022.4.003.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of intelligent objects (smart sensors) that are connected and accessible to the Internet through devices such as routers to exchange data. Many useful applications can be developed using IoT. IoT has brought a change in such a way that everything around us can be turned into smart devices e.g., smart cars, smart homes, smart parking, smart cities etc., thereby connecting human, machine & things seamlessly. The advent of cheaper processing power, communication cost and some marketing have created the IoT of today. When the principles of IoT are applied to Industries, it is termed as Industrial IoT. Smart sensors and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are modern tools which drive Industry 4.0. The use of smart sensors and IIoT have a positive impact in enhancing the quality & value of products and improve efficiency. The combination of smart sensors with its processing & networking capabilities help in transferring the process data to the centralized database for further analysis. Thus, digitalization has helped industry to reimage the business with the transformation brought about by IIoT. This paper discusses some of the applications of IIoT such as Remote Monitoring & Service, AI & ML based predictive analysis and Closed loop Digital twin using IoT sensors.
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M. Al-Joboury, Istabraq, and Emad H. Al-Hemiary. "Internet of Things (IoT): Readme." Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.2.2.35.
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Birje, Mahantesh N., Arun A. Kumbi, and Ashok V. Sutagundar. "Internet of Things." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2017070104.
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This article describes how the Internet of Things (IoT) enables interaction and integration of real world things or objects—such as cars, electronic devices, homes, etc.—using various inter-operable communication protocols. This leads to a digital society of billions of devices that can sense, process, share, track, shop, chat and work in cooperative manner. There exist many challenges in the realization of IoT based distributed systems. This article intends to introduce various aspects of IoT such as views/visions, Architecture and protocols of IoT, communication technology, general requirements and various application domains. This article intends to disseminate the state-of-the-art multi-fold information on IoT to researchers, academicians, and student community.
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Milivojević, Sanja, and Elizabeth Radulski. "The 'Future Internet' and crime: Towards a criminology of the Internet of Things." Crimen 11, no. 3 (2020): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen2003255m.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to revolutionise the way we live and communicate, and the manner in which we engage with our social and natural world. In the IoT, objects such as household items, vending machines and cars have the ability to sense and share data with other things, via wireless, Bluetooth, or Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology. "Smart things" have the capability to control their performance, as well as our experiences and decisions. In this exploratory paper, we overview recent developments in the IoT technology, and their relevance for criminology. Our aim is to partially fill the gap in the literature, by flagging emerging issues criminologists and social scientists ought to engage with in the future. The focus is exclusively on the IoT while other advances, such as facial recognition technology, are only lightly touched upon. This paper, thus, serves as a starting point in the conversation, as we invite scholars to join us in forecasting-if not preventing-the unwanted consequences of the "future Internet".
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Eltayeb, Mohamed A. "Internet of Things." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 1, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2017010101.
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In the contemporary world, we are surrounded by a complex network of interconnected sensors. These allows us to share, collate, transmit, and store vast amounts of data. These systems are known as the Internet of Things (IoT), and this technological offering has attracted a large amount of interest from academics, researchers, and developers in recent years due to its highly scalable and agile nature. However, while the IoT delivers significant benefits, it also poses some risks. The data that is stored and exchanged via the IoT is extremely valuable to individuals who have malevolent intent. In more recent years, the increasing popularity of the IoT as a means of sharing information has been associated with privacy and security risks that have undermined users' trust in the IoT. This paper examines what these risks are and some of the actions that can be taken to mitigate them.
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Javida Damirova, Javida Damirova, and Laman Musayeva Laman Musayeva. "INTERNET OF THINGS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 13, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei13022022-33.
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This article will discuss the Internet of things, which is a completely new technology. Currently, the world's most talked about new electronics use Internet of Things technology. This technology includes Google, Yandex, YouTube and all our social networks. The current benefits of Internet of Things technology will be discussed, as well as its future position. What is the role of smart technologies in the development of robotics, new electronics and the impetus for new inventions? The Internet of Things is a new paradigm that transforms traditional lifestyles into high-tech lifestyles. Many important studies and researches have been conducted to improve the technology through IoT. The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data. The main purpose of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion, both technologically and socially. It is not just about the connected devices but also about the hardware, software, connectivity and communication protocols, middleware and so much more to create Internet of Things solutions as mentioned. And it’s also about many processes and technologies. So, this is most important theme in our world. The article discusses various problems and key issues in IoT, architecture and important applications. The Internet of Things is an emerging paradigm that enables the communication between electronic devices and sensors through the internet in order to facilitate our lives. IoT has also demonstrated its importance and potential for economic and industrial growth in the developing region. It is also seen as a revolutionary step in the trading and stock markets. However, data and information security is an important concern and is highly desirable, which is a major challenge that needs to be addressed. The Internet, the biggest source of security threats and cyber attacks, has opened various doors for hackers, thereby discrediting information and data. IoT is committed to providing the best possible solutions to deal with data and information security issues. IoT's most important concern in trade and the economy is security. The IoT system consists of a large number of devices and sensors that communicate with each other. They can range from a Wi-Fi pet camera on your bookshelf to a medical device implanted in your body, like a pacemaker. As long as the device is able to connect to the internet and has sensors that transmit data, it can be considered an IoT device. As the IoT network grows and expands, the number of these sensors and devices is growing rapidly. These devices communicate with each other and transmit large amounts of information over the Internet. This information is very large and flows every second, and therefore deserves to be called great information. The IoT was initially most interesting to business and manufacturing, where its application is sometimes known as machine-to-machine (mean - M2M), but the emphasis is now on filling our homes and offices with smart devices, transforming it into something. Today, these IoT projects are evolving and rapidly spreading to all platforms. It is possible to find IoT projects for each topic. As mentioned earlier, IoT projects are designed to make life easier. These projects, created to help as many people as possible, will be the most important part of our future lives. It will be impossible to imagine our lives without the Internet of Things and smart projects. A smart city with sensors covering all its regions using diverse tangible gadgets and objects all over the community and connected with the help of internet. The continuous expansion of IoT-based networks poses complex challenges such as data management and collection, storage and processing, and analytics. This article sheds light on the existing literature and describes their contributions to various aspects of IoT. This article will help readers and researchers understand IoT and its application to the real world Keywords: arduino, sensors, security systems, robotics, intelligent technology.
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Salukhe, Adarsh. "Internet of Things." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 1062–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55710.
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Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a trend emerging in information and communication technologies, and it has been ubiquitous for the last two decades. What do you mean by “Things”? A hardware device or an object of the physical world connected to the Internet is IOT. The Internet of Things (IoT) works for end-user devices, Mobile, Tablets, laptops, desktops, etc. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of broader devices connected to networks, including vehicles, smartphones, medical units, household devices, smart televisions, etc.
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Kumar, Sumit, and Zahid Raza. "Internet of Things." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 2017): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2017070103.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel approach of connecting things/objects and thus transmitting information between various entities of the physical world or to the control centers where this information can be interpreted. IoT has been poised as the next evolution of internet promising to change our lives by involving a seamless access to people and devices in a ubiquitous way leading to a smart world. These devices, often referred to as smart items or intelligent things can be home appliances, healthcare devices, vehicles, buildings, factories and almost anything networked and fitted with sensors, actuators, and/or embedded computers. IoT promises to make the world smarter and proactive by enabling things to talk and others to understand. This work first presents an insight into the origin of IoT and its network as well as data centric architecture while listing the major possibilities. The seemingly important role and challenges of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which acts as the base in sensing and monitoring has been discussed. Since, the future lies in utility computing, best realized in the form of cloud computing, a cloud centric view of IoT is also presented.
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Radouan Ait Mouha, Radouan Ait. "Internet of Things (IoT)." Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 09, no. 02 (2021): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jdaip.2021.92006.
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Bertino, Elisa, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Dimitrios Georgakopolous, and Surya Nepal. "Internet of Things (IoT)." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 16, no. 4 (December 22, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3013520.
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Osseiran, Afif, Omar Elloumi, JaeSeung Song, and Jose F. Monserrat. "Internet-of-Things (IoT)." IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 2, no. 2 (June 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2018.8412467.
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Malge, Sunilkumar, and Pallavi Singh. "Internet of Things IoT: Security Perspective." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd24010.
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Şükür oğlu Əhmədov, İlham. "SMART HOMES BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGY: CLASSIFICATION OF SECURITY RISKS." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 08, no. 4 (April 27, 2022): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/08/211-215.
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Əşyaların İnterneti (IoT) insan fəaliyyətinin bütün sahələrinə tətbiq edilə bilən texnoloji yenilikdir. İnternet artıq təhsil, kommunikasiya, biznes, elm, hökumət və bəşəriyyətə böyük təsiri olan bütün bəşər tarixinin ən mühüm və güclü yaradılışlardan biridir. IoT İnternetin növbəti təkamülünü təmsil etməklə, məlumata, biliyə və nəticədə müdrikliyə çevrilə biləcəyimiz üçün məlumatları toplamaq, təhlil etmək və yaymaq qabiliyyətinə malik böyük bir sıçrayışdır. Bu kontekstdə IoT-un öyrənilməsi olduqca əhəmiyyətlidir. Məqalədə Əşyaların İnterneti (IoT) anlayışı, ağıllı ev, ağıllı evlərdə təhlükəsizlik risklərinin təsnifatı məsələləri araşdırılmışdır. Açar sözlər: İnternet, Əşyaların İnterneti (IoT), ağıllı ev, təhlükəsizlik tədbirləri, proqram təminatı Ilham Shukur Ahmedov SMART HOMES BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGY: CLASSIFICATION OF SECURITY RISKS Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological innovation that can be applied to all areas of human activity. The Internet is already one of the most important and powerful creations in human history, with a profound impact on education, communication, business, science, government and humanity. Representing the next evolution of the Internet, IoT is a great leap forward in our ability to collect, analyze, and disseminate information so that we can turn it into information, knowledge, and eventually wisdom. In this context, the study of IoT is very important. This article examines the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), smart home, classification of security risks in smart homes. Key words: Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), smart home, security measures, software
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Eltayeb, Mohamed A. "The Internet of Things." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2018010101.
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In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an increasingly prominent concept, and the benefits associated with this technology are seemingly limitless. The interest in the IoT stems from its elasticity and scalability and scholars, researchers, and investors alike are increasingly turning their attention to how best to harness this powerful concept. One area that has become of specific interest relates to the vast amount of data that is generated by the sensors that form the diverse networks that sit at the core of the IoT. More and more opportunities to collate and harness this data are emerging, and the collection of intelligence can be of significant value politically, economically, and socially. This article hence examines some of the ways in which the IoT can be employed to advance the artificial intelligence (AI). Furthermore, this article presents and discusses the limitations of the current systems and propose recommendations for the future direction.
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Sokolović, Vlada, and Goran Marković. "Internet of Things in military applications." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 71, no. 4 (2023): 1148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg71-46785.
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Introduction/purpose: The term Internet of Things (IoT) usually refers to the collective network of connected devices and the technology that facilitates communication between these devices and the cloud, as well as among these devices. The IoT concept is lately considered and applied as the appropriate in design of systems intended for distribution of data and information between heterogeneous devices with the aim to improve efficiency and effectiveness of business and decision making. The IoT enables energy and supply chain monitoring, production coordination, equipment performance optimization, transportation, public health, and improves workers' safety and health. In addition to smart devices, IoT technology also enables the connection of various sensors as a source of data on various physical phenomena, and, based on the information obtained, it is possible to control the operation of devices, make predictions, make decisions, etc. In this paper, specific areas of the application of the IoT in the defense and security sector are analyzed in order to identify the possibilities of applying modern technologies in raising the defense potential of the state and define the directions of future research in the subject area. Methods: The methods of content analysis of current research were applied, and then, with the deductive method, conclusions were reached about the future directions of the development of IoT technology. Results: A detailed analysis of past and ongoing research in the defense and security sector was carried out, and potential directions of future research into the IoT were given in order to increase the operational capabilities of armed forces. Conclusion: IoT services will certainly contribute to a greater degree of automation and improvement of the quality of military decisions on the battlefield, especially in the conditions of unexpected scenarios in an unpredictable hostile environment, thus facilitating the reduction in both human and material losses in operations.
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Raimundo, Ricardo Jorge, and Albérico Travassos Rosário. "Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things in Industrial Management." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031598.
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Nowadays, people live amidst the smart home domain, while there are business opportunities in industrial smart cities and healthcare. However, there are concerns about security. Security is central for IoT systems to protect sensitive data and infrastructure, whilst security issues have become increasingly expensive, in particular in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) domains. Nonetheless, there are some key challenges for dealing with those security issues in IoT domains: Applications operate in distributed environments such as Blockchain, varied smart objects are used, and sensors are limited, as far as machine resources are concerned. In this way, traditional security does not fit in IoT systems. The issue of cybersecurity has become paramount to the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in mitigating cybersecurity risk for organizations and end users. New cybersecurity technologies/applications present improvements for IoT security management. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the effectiveness of IoT cyber risk solutions. This review article discusses the literature trends around opportunities and threats in cybersecurity for IIoT, by reviewing 70 key articles discovered from a profound Scopus literature survey. It aims to present the current debate around the issue of IIoT rather than suggesting any particular technical solutions to solve network security problems.
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Zasuhina, Ol'ga, Nikolay Malinin, Maxim Kuznetsov, and Ilia Gusev. "APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGIES (INTERNET OF THINGS, IoT) IN POWER SYSTEMS." Scientific Papers Collection of the Angarsk State Technical University 2023, no. 1 (July 5, 2023): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-7788-2023-1-187-191.
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Vaishnavi, D., Shawon Rahman, and D. Ramalingam. "Towards Cloud of Things from Internet of Things." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.6 (September 25, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.6.20443.
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The techniques Internet of things (IoT) and Cloud Computing (CC) are becoming a part of our day-to-day life; where IoT connects a billion numbers of devices to share the information by communicating each other and CC grants convenient, on-demand scalable network access in order to utilize the computing resources and it facilitates dynamic data integration from diverse sources. Both techniques are having their own pros and cons. So, a novel paradigm called cloud of things (CoT) is modeled by integrating the both CC and IoT, which enables a large number of applications to get advantages of IoT as well as CC. This paper delivers the basics of the technologies, motivations to model the cloud of things and its benefits. Also, it discusses the implementation challenges.
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Đekić, Milica. "The Internet of Things security challenges." Tehnika 75, no. 6 (2020): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2005678d.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a quite recent paradigm going a decade back to the past. With the development and deployment of wireless technologies this new advancement has taken the part in the consumers' lives and businesses. In other words, the IoT is a pretty convenient way to correlated devices with each other and make them communicate in such a network. This is feasible using the internet connection and differently saying, all IoT devices forming the IoT asset got their IP addresses. From this perspective, it's quite clear that this technology got a lot of advantages and the users may feel so thankful for being the part of an IoT community. On the other hand, the consumers would spend less time thinking about the possible security concerns being linked to this new improvement. In this paper, we intend to discuss how secure our IoT infrastructure is, what its strategic implications are and why cyber industry should invest more time and effort in order to better research and develop this concept. In addition, we would try to deal a bit more with the IoT crawlers as the tools for investigating the IoT network and being so handy for both - researchers and hacker's groups.
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Yu, Xiaoyu, Bang Nguyen, and Yi Chen. "Internet of things capability and alliance." Internet Research 26, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 402–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-10-2014-0265.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of capability and alliance arising from the internet of things (IoT), specifically in the relationships between strategic orientations (entrepreneurial and market foci) with product and process innovations. In addition, it investigates the direct relationship between IoT capability and alliance. Improving these relationships assist in ensuring that new knowledge from the IoT can be translated into tangible business innovations that contribute to economic development. Design/methodology/approach – Data from 207 new high-technology IoT ventures in China were obtained after three-wave mailing (i.e. two reminders). Following a rigorous process to purify and validate the measurement scale items, the study used structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model. Findings – Findings demonstrate that an IoT capability only enhances product innovation, however, with the addition and support from IoT alliance, both product and process innovation can be achieved in new high-tech IoT ventures. This nuanced insight suggests that new high-tech IoT ventures should focus on building their IoT capability, and at the same time, develop IoT alliances with value chain partners in order to fully take advantage of IoT and gain a better position to formulate more novel offerings. Originality/value – The study is first to contribute with a much needed framework of IoT and entrepreneurship by examining the role of IoT capability further in the relationships between: entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation with product and process innovations arising from IoT; and the role of IoT alliance (interfirm relations, partnerships, etc.) on the relationship above.
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Raja, S. P., T. Dhiliphan Rajkumar, and Vivek Pandiya Raj. "Internet of Things: Challenges, Issues and Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 12 (June 22, 2018): 1830007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618300076.
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Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as a thing or device, physical and virtual, connected and communicating together, and integrated to a network for a specific purpose. The IoT uses technologies and devices such as sensors, radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuators to collect data. IoT is not only about collecting data generated from sensors, but also about analyzing it. IoT applications must, of necessity, keep out all attackers and intruders so as to thwart attacks. IoT must allow for information to be shared, with every assurance of confidentiality, and is about a connected environment where people and things interact to enhance the quality of life. IoT infrastructure must be an open source, without ownership, meaning that anyone can develop, deploy and use it. The objective of this paper is to discuss the various challenges, issues and applications confronting the Internet of Things.
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Минаев, В. А., Б. А. Швырев, and Т. Р. Ромашкин. "INTERNET OF THINGS SECURITY: KEY SOLUTIONS." ИНФОРМАЦИЯ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ 26, no. 2(-) (June 30, 2023): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2023.26.2.001.
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Одной из основных проблем при обеспечении безопасности Интернета вещей (IoT) является, с одной стороны, огромное количество устройств, масштабирующее угрозы и риски безопасности их использования, а с другой – слабая разработанность или даже отсутствие стандартизированных протоколов безопасности. Нередко устройства IoT имеют ограниченную вычислительную мощность и память в угоду цене и коммерческой выгоде, что затрудняет реализацию надежных мер безопасности. Расширение IoT достигло критической инфраструктуры - системы здравоохранения, транспорта и других особо важных отраслей. Поскольку современные устройства IoT имеют доступ к персональной и конфиденциальной информации, нарушения их информационной безопасности могут иметь весьма серьезные последствия, поэтому крайне важно обосновать и реализовать надежные меры безопасности для их защиты от компьютерных атак. Проводится сравнительный анализ основных сетевых протоколов IoT. Выделяются наиболее вероятные компьютерные атаки на устройства IoT: нарушение безопасности сети, нарушение безопасности устройства, физический доступ к устройству, сбои в работе устройства, технологии социальной инженерии. Рассматриваются следующие меры для обеспечения безопасности устройств IoT: совершенствование нормативно-правовой базы; обучение и повышение квалификации сотрудников; развитие взаимодействия с производителями IoT; улучшение мониторинга IoT-устройств; улучшение методов анализа данных, связанных с функционированием IoT. Для реализации предложенных мер приводятся программные и аппаратные решения задач безопасности IoT-устройств. One of the main problems in ensuring the security of the Internet of Things (IoT) is, on the one hand, a huge number of devices that scale the threats and security risks of their use, and on the other hand, weak development or even lack of standardized security protocols. Often, IoT devices have limited computing power and memory for the sake of price and commercial benefits, which makes it difficult to implement reliable security measures. The expansion of IoT has reached critical infrastructure - healthcare, transport and other particularly important areas. Since modern IoT devices have access to personal and confidential information, violations of their information security can have very serious consequences, therefore it is extremely important to justify and implement reliable security measures to protect them from computer attacks. A comparative analysis of the main IoT network protocols is carried out. The most likely computer attacks on IoT devices are highlighted: network security violation, device security violation, physical access to the device, device malfunctions, social engineering technologies. The following measures to ensure the security of IoT devices are considered: improvement of the regulatory and legal framework; training and professional development of employees; development of interaction with IoT manufacturers; improvement of monitoring of IoT devices; improvement of data analysis methods related to the functioning of IoT. To implement the proposed measures, software and hardware solutions to the security problems of IoT devices are provided.
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Goyal, Rahul. "Internet of Things in Healthcare." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 12, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30610.
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The health monitoring system plays a pivotal role in healthcare management. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is an emerging field that facilitates the connectivity of devices to the internet. Consequently, patient data can be transmitted to the cloud for accessibility via the internet, enabling doctors to remotely monitor patients and vice versa. This paper explores the services and applications of IoT in the context of health monitoring systems, while also addressing key challenges. Given the sensitive nature of patient health data, encryption techniques for data protection are also examined. Keywords—Challenges in IoT, Data protection, Encryption, IoT technology, IoMT.
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Khanam, Sana, Safdar Tanweer, and Syed Sibtain Khalid. "Future of Internet of Things." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.297094.
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Internet has become the most significant technology with tremendous impact on everyday human life, where IOT is a major technology which uses internet applications to make everything around us ‘Smart’ providing ease of accessibility of physical devices and reducing human effort. In this paper we analyze the role of Artificial Intelligence in field of Internet of Things or the IOT. .AI makes the network more ‘intelligent’ increasing the scope of its connectivity and vast data streams. In this paper, we will analyze the critical impact of Artificial Intelligence deployed in IOT. We will also provide a quick overview on the current approaches of IOT and the challenges faced. Later we discuss how IOT and Artificial Intelligence (AI) together play a vital role in the coming years with the emergence of Internet of Intelligent Things (IoIT) that make these devices even smarter.
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Park, Jong. "Advances in Future Internet and the Industrial Internet of Things." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020244.
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After the emergence of the Internet and mobile communication networks, the IoT has been considered as the third wave of information technology. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in manufacturing. IIoT incorporates machine learning and big data technology, sensor data, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that have existed in industrial areas for years. In the future, people and objects will be connected at any time, any place, with anything and anyone and will utilize any network and services. IIoT is creating a new world in which people and businesses can manage their assets in more informed ways and can make more opportune and better-informed decisions. Many advanced IIoT and 5G technologies have been successfully applied in everyday life, but there are still many practical problems tackled by traditional methods which are generally difficult to experimentally solve in the advanced Industrial Internet of Things. Therefore, in this special issue, we accepted five articles in three different dimensions: communication networks, optimized resource provisioning and data forwarding, privacy and security.
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Skiba, Diane J. "The Internet of Things (IoT)." Nursing Education Perspectives 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5480/1536-5026-34.1.63.
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Metandi, Farindika, Damar Nurcahyono, and Abdul Najib. "Workshop Internet of Things (IoT)." Community Empowerment 7, no. 5 (May 27, 2022): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.7016.
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SMK Negeri 7 Samarinda aspires to be a world-class information and communication technology school. It is important for students to understand about technology advancements in order to become employable human resources in the workplace. Teachers' roles in schools are critical in helping students learn this, hence vocational school teachers should have Internet of Things (IoT) training. The workshop will take place entirely online, utilizing Google Meet. Following the training, it can be inferred that partners will have a simple understanding of the IoT technology work system, particularly when the pilot is deployed. Partners can learn and grasp the notion of blended learning models with IoT through workshops and facilities.
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Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia. "1. Internet of Things (IoT)." Digitale Welt 2, no. 3 (July 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42354-018-0102-6.
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Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia. "2. INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)." Digitale Welt 3, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42354-019-0151-5.
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IORDACHE, Dorin. "INTERNET OF THINGS SECURITY FRAMEWORK." STRATEGIES XXI - Security and Defense Faculty 17, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2001-21-36.
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It was unimaginable for a non-professional user that access data to personal e-mail, bank or identity accounts could be stolen via a mobile phone interface or connection, no more than twenty years ago. Nowadays, people with bad intentions – hacker – can use smart devices, such as: webcams, microwaves, refrigerators, door controllers, and others, generically we named it IoT[1], to access accounts like the ones mentioned above, without much effort. The Internet of Things is the place where devices are digitally interconnected, interacts with almost every domain. IoT development is closely correlated with growing of Internet. These issues have generated an unprecedented upward trend in Wi-Fi and IoT interconnecting networks. Cyber-security has gained new meanings because of the increasing number and scope of IoT devices. By developing these devices, especially among regular users, it is necessary to improve their security more than ever. How prepared are regular users and how can they protect themselves in the context of IoT penetration into their daily lives? it is a question that needs to be answered, in terms of the actions it can take immediately or in the long run.
[1] IoT - Internet of Things
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Sulastri, Amy. "Internet of Things Technology Development." ITEJ (Information Technology Engineering Journals) 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/itej.v4i1.35.
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Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the existence of widely interconnected and widely identified physical devices. The purpose of this tool is to collect data and encourage actions to increase productivity, and ultimately reduce or eliminate dependence on human intervention for data acquisition, interpretation, and use. IoT devices can be sensors or actuators. This survey paper aims to gather and summarize some of the latest library resources on the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. From the results of a paper survey, IoT devices can be grouped into twelve categories, namely: temperature, pressure, flow, level, imaging, noise, air pollution, proximity and displacement, infrared, humidity and humidity, speed, gas and chemicals.
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Todorov, Todor, and Pajtim Vela. "Internet of Things in Education." Innovative STEM Education 5, no. 1 (July 24, 2023): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/stem.2023.0522.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) maintains its pivotal role in the overall structure of information and communication technologies and societal growth. The goal of this research is to determine the opportunity for IoT usage in education as well as to optimize its advantages and to encourage students to use it in their education. The research demonstrates usage and implementation of IoT in education. It describes how the IoT, and its services and equipment are implemented and how they are used during the teaching process in lower schools, high schools, and universities. The findings of this research will benefit educational institutions and their employees in general, as well as students in particular.
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Ghaffari, Kimia, Mohammad Lagzian, Mostafa Kazemi, and Gholamreza Malekzadeh. "A comprehensive framework for Internet of Things development." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-02-2019-0060.
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Purpose Despite the availability of prior studies on the Internet of Things (IoT) development, they have largely focused on challenges associated with evolving IoT. Hence, identifying requirements for IoT development, as a multifaceted phenomenon, whereby the challenges would be tackled remains a less-explored valuable line of inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to present a holistic view of crucial building blocks of IoT development, in order to fill this gap. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts empirical research using a grounded theory (GT), centering on semi-structured interviews with 25 experts involved in the Iranian IoT development effort. Data were analyzed by using MAXQDA software. Findings This study presents a conceptual framework of requirements for IoT development, consisting of 14 concepts and 5 categories. The findings reveal that strategic, interactive, institutional, market-oriented and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure requirements play a salient role in facilitating IoT development. Practical implications The findings of this study shed some light on the momentous aspects of IoT development. Practitioners including governmental policymakers, industry and private sectors could benefit from the policy recommendations offered in this study in terms of strategic viewpoint, legal issues, business perspective and technological readiness. Originality/value From the methodological aspect, the present research is among the first studies on utilizing GT for exploration of requirements for IoT development. From the theoretical perspective, a remarkable achievement of this study is to profoundly discover some less-explored concepts of IoT development such as commercialization, feasibility study, futurology and institutional aspects. Furthermore, findings of this study highlight the contribution of innovation systems theory for the IoT development area in terms of alignment of the emerged requirements for IoT development with the functions of this theory.
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Long, Rong, Xiaohui Fan, Kai Wei, Junxuan Bai, and Shanpeng Xiao. "Internet-of-Things object model." Digital Twin 2 (April 12, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17562.1.
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Background: With the advancement of communication technology and advanced sensors, there are massive demands for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications in buildings, communities, factories, parks, etc. Accessing IoT devices provides convenience for scene management and monitoring, ameliorating production and life intelligently. However, due to the lack of a unified model for IoT devices, data is often skipped over IoT platforms and transmitted to applications directly. This leads to the fact that each manufacturer needs to produce its devices and develop its customized software, which hugely increases the development cycle. On the other hand, it is difficult to convey information between different systems, limiting cross- system control. Moreover, digital twin relies on large amounts of heterogeneous data, and it is impracticable to provide enough data without a unified model for device description. Methods: First, we illustrate the motivation, design goals, and design principles for creating the Internet-of-Things Object Model (IoT-OM). Then we propose a unified description to define IoT devices. The proposed concept has been accepted by several companies, and we analyse one platform that adopts the model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, we introduce two projects based on the platform. One project is an intelligent fire protection system, and another project is an intelligent air quality monitoring system. Results: We measured the time taken by five companies when developing IoT devices and their applications, including the development cycle duration without utilizing the proposed model and the duration using the model at China Mobile’s OneNET platform. The results prove that the proposed model can significantly shorten the development cycle. Conclusions: This paper proposes a model for IoT devices, which helps to unify heterogeneous data among different manufacturers and helps to shorten the development cycles for developers.
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Cirillo, Flavio, Fang-Jing Wu, Gürkan Solmaz, and Ernö Kovacs. "Embracing the Future Internet of Things." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020351.
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All of the objects in the real world are envisioned to be connected and/or represented, through an infrastructure layer, in the virtual world of the Internet, becoming Things with status information. Services are then using the available data from this Internet-of-Things (IoT) for various social and economical benefits which explain its extreme broad usage in very heterogeneous fields. Domain administrations of diverse areas of application developed and deployed their own IoT systems and services following disparate standards and architecture approaches that created a fragmentation of things, infrastructures and services in vertical IoT silos. Coordination and cooperation among IoT systems are the keys to build “smarter” IoT services boosting the benefits magnitude. This article analyses the technical trends of the future IoT world based on the current limitations of the IoT systems and the capability requirements. We propose a hyper-connected IoT framework in which “things” are connected to multiple interdependent services and describe how this framework enables the development of future applications. Moreover, we discuss the major limitations in today’s IoT and highlight the required capabilities in the future. We illustrate this global vision with the help of two concrete instances of the hyper-connected IoT in smart cities and autonomous driving scenarios. Finally, we analyse the trends in the number of connected “things” and point out open issues and future challenges. The proposed hyper-connected IoT framework is meant to scale the benefits of IoT from local to global.
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Lipka, Tomasz. "Internet of Things (IoT) – LoRaWAN w praktyce." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 2 (February 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.02.06.
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Simanjuntak, Rossi Peter, Donna Nurhaida Masdiana Sirait, and Albert Panjaitan. "WORKSHOP FUNDAMENTAL INTERNET of THINGS (IoT)." JALIYE: Jurnal Abdimas, Loyalitas, dan Edukasi 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2023): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47662/jaliye.v2i2.582.
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Internet of things (IoT) merupakan sebuah konsep komputasi yang menghubungkan sebuah benda atau objek ke perangkat lain sehingga mampu berkomunikasi dan bertukar data yang terhubung dengan internet. Teknologi IoT banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai bidang khususnya dalam bidang kelistrikan. Saat ini sistem otomasi dalam bidang kelistrikan dengan menggunakan teknologi IoT sangat berkembang sehingga dibutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang mampu memahami teknologi IoT. Siswa SMK jurusan Teknik Intalasi Tenaga Listrik merupakan sumbar daya manusia yang bergerak di bidang kelistrikan. Dari hasil observasi dan interview di lapangan bahwa Siswa SMK jurusan Teknik Intalasi Tenaga Listrik masih minim pemahamannya terkait sistem otomasi dengan menggunakan teknologi IoT dan penerapannya di bidang kelistrikan. Untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan siswa SMK terkait Teknologi IoT dan penerapannya dilaksanakan workshop. Workshop dilaksanakan selama dua hari dengan menyampaikan pengenalan teknologi IoT dan siswa mempraktekkan penerapan teknologi IoT. Siswa membuat rangkaian listrik dengan menghubungkan berupa sensor suhu, relay dan mikrokontroler berbasis Arduino. Setelah siswa mengikuti kegiatan workshop dilakukan evaluasi. Dari hasil evaluasi diperoleh bahwa 93,33% siswa paham dengan teknologi IoT dan penerapannya dibidang kelistrikan.
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Mahmudova, Shafagat. "Intelligent Systems for the Internet of Things: Essence, Perspectives and Problems." International Journal of Natural Sciences Research 9, no. 1 (November 4, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.63.2021.91.17.25.
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This article outlines the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things describes a network of physical objects, i.e., the “thing” including sensors, software, and other technologies for connection and data sharing with other devices and systems over the Internet. In other words, IoT is a relatively new technology enabling many “smart” devices to get connected, to analyze, process, and transfer data to each other and connect to a network. The article clarifies the essence of intelligent systems for the Internet of Things, and analyzes the most popular software for the IoT platform. It studies high-level systems for IoT and analyzes available literature in this field. It highlights most advanced IoT software of 2021. The article also identifies the prospects and challenges of intelligent systems for the Internet of Things. The creation of new intelligent systems for IoT and the development of technology will greatly contribute to the development of economy.
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Toth, Andreas. "Internet of Things Vulnerabilities in Military Environments." Vojenské rozhledy 30, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.03.045-058.
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IoT devices (sensors, drones, cameras) are gaining more and more emphasis on military operations. The application of IoT elements in the military environment increases situational awareness and supports the acquisition and maintenance of information superiority. The information they provide about the enemy, the area of operations, and the location and status of our soldiers and assets can contribute to the successful execution of operations at the tactical, operational and strategic levels. However, they can also pose serious threats if their vulnerabilities allow the data they collected to leak or they provide access to the info-communication networks used for the enemy. In this article, the author examined the vulnerabilities of these IoT devices using keyword analysis. After drawing conclusions from the analysis of the relevant literature, he compared the results with the general-purpose IoT threats and attacks typical of today, like distributed denial of service attacks, security, software, security and privacy issues.
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Dwivedi, Sanjeev Kumar, Priyadarshini Roy, Chinky Karda, Shalini Agrawal, and Ruhul Amin. "Blockchain-Based Internet of Things and Industrial IoT: A Comprehensive Survey." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (August 23, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7142048.
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Industry 4.0 connects the latest technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of things (IoT), machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI), and blockchain to provide more automation in the industrial process and also bridges the gap between the physical and digital worlds through the cyber-physical system. The inherent feature of IoT devices creates the industry to smart industry (referred to as industrial IoT, i.e., IIoT) through its data-driven decision policies. However, several challenges such as decentralization, security and privacy vulnerability, single point of failure (SPOF), and trust issues exist in the IoT system. Blockchain is one of the promising technologies that can bring about opportunities for addressing the challenges of IoT systems. In this article, we have investigated the integration of IoT with blockchain technology and provided an in-depth study of the blockchain-enabled IoT and IIoT systems. The state-of-the-art research is categorized into data storage and management technique, big data and cloud computing technique (finance and data auditing), and industrial sectors (supply chain, energy, and healthcare sector). The insightful discussion based on the different categories is also presented in the paper. In particular, first, we introduce the IoT and IIoT and then discuss the need for smart contracts in IoT and IIoT systems. Next, we concentrate on the convergence of blockchain and IoT with state-of-the-art research. In addition, this article also provides the open and future research directions towards this era with the highlighted observations.
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Benmammar, Badr. "Internet of Things and Cognitive Radio." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2021010103.
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Internet of things (IoT) is a worldwide network of interconnected objects. However, the things-oriented, internet-oriented, semantic-oriented, and tactile-oriented versions of IoT are meaningless if the IoT objects are not equipped with intelligence. For this, current research trends are oriented towards cognitive radio. This paper presents IoT, its definition, its potential applications, its challenges, as well as its enabling technologies. Among these technologies, particular importance is given to cognitive radio. The overall objective of this paper is to make a global synthesis on the motivations as well as on the challenges to be raised by the integration of cognitive radio in IoT in order to serve as self-reconfigurable solutions for a certain number of IoT applications.
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Dhoot, Anshita. "A Survey of Internet of Things." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, no. 5 (2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-25-32.
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The growing era of technology through the internet, Internet of Things (i.e. IoT) has a powerful and strong industrial system that provides an opportunity to grow and applications to use ubiquitously. Its applications use sensor, wireless, mobile and RFID technology devices. In recent years IoT applications are enhancing to being deployed as well as developed. The IoT promises to have a great future era of the Internet uses that involves machine-to-machine communication. It helps to enable the sensor network as well as technologies, even IoT got involved in our day-to-day routine such that it supports to control and to monitor a human being's mundane by providing mobile access, remotely. Undoubtedly, remote access is the incredible feature of the IoT which has been given to this world. The main objective of IoT is to provide remotely accessible at low-cost that too by often visits through electronic devices. This paper presents the maximum possibilities of challenges, applications, security issues and techniques of IoT.
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Papadopoulou, Panagiota, Kostas Kolomvatsos, and Stathes Hadjiefthymiades. "Internet of Things in E-Government." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 10, no. 2 (July 2020): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaiml.2020070106.
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E-government can greatly benefit by the use of IoT, enabling the creation of new innovative services or the transformation and enhancement of current ones, which are informed by smart devices and real-time data. The adoption of IoT in e-government encompasses several challenges of technical as well as organizational, political and legal nature which should be addressed for developing efficient government-to-citizen and government-to-society applications. This article examines IoT adoption in e-government in a holistic approach. It provides an overview of the IoT potential in e-government across several application domains, highlighting the specific issues that seek attention in each of them. The article also investigates the challenges that should be considered and managed for IoT in e-government to reach its full potential. With the application of IoT in e-government being at an early stage, the article contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of how IoT can be leveraged for e-government purposes.
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Ingle, Kiran. "Internet of Things Health Care." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45082.
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Abstract: This paper is an overview of some of the implications of IoT on the healthcare field. Due to the increasing of IoT solutions, healthcare cannot be outside of this paradigm. The contribution of this paper is to introduce directions to achieve a global connectivity between the Internet of Things (IoT) and the medical environments. The need to integrate all in a global environment is a huge challenge to all (from electrical engineers to data engineers). This revolution is redesigning the way we see healthcare, from the smallest sensor to the big data collected.
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Gaber, Tarek, Joseph B. Awotunde, Sakinat O. Folorunso, Sunday A. Ajagbe, and Esraa Eldesouky. "Industrial Internet of Things Intrusion Detection Method Using Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (April 30, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3939895.
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The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed immense growth globally with the use of various devices found in home, transportation, healthcare, and industry. The deployment and implementation of the IoT paradigm in industrial settings lead to the architectural changes of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) plus the countless connectivity of industrial systems. This resulted in what is referred to as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which removes the barrier of connecting IACS to isolated conventional ICT platforms. In recent times, the IoT has started hacking our personal lives and not only our world, thus creating a platform for impending IoT cyberattacks. The widespread use of the IoT has created a rich platform for possible IoT cyberattacks. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been driven solutions to secure wireless communication in IIoT-based systems, and their use in solving various cybersecurity challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel intrusion detection model based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bat algorithm (BA) for feature selection, and the Random Forest (RF) classifier for the classification of malicious behaviors in IIoT-based network traffic. An IIoT-based cybersecurity dataset, WUSTL-IIOT-2021 Dataset, was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model using accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The results of the two feature selection were compared to identify the most promising one. The results were compared with other recent state-of-the-art ML and multiobjective algorithms, and the results showed better performance. The RF along with BA classifier had proved to be the best classifier.
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Li-Ling Hung, Li-Ling Hung. "Intelligent Sensing for Internet of Things Systems." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 1 (January 2022): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022012301019.
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<p>The Internet of things (IoT) has been used for many applications. These applications are accomplished by numerous sensors that detect and share information. When people use the detected information in an IoT system to improve the performance of services, also called the intelligence of the system, this type of IoT is named artificial intelligence of things. This paper proposes a model for improving the flexibility of sensors to enhance the intelligence of IoT. The model defines the quality levels of events and monitoring data for all types of monitoring. In the model, the data or events with different levels have different transmission priority. To reduce energy consumption of detection and transmission, the detecting period of sensors can be set to be longer when the monitored status is normal. In the model application, the sensors shorten the event detection and reaction times. Therefore, the efficiency of monitoring is enhanced. The evaluation demonstrates that the event detection and response times of the proposed mechanism are better than those of other mechanisms. </p> <p> </p>
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Khader, Ammar Abdul-Hamed, and Zozan Azeez Ayoub. "Cognitive Radio and Internet of Things." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 8 (August 24, 2020): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.8.2012.
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Cognitive Radio (CR) and Internet of Things (IoT) is an effective step into the smart technology world. Several frameworks are proposed to build CR and IoT. The phases of the interconnection between IoT and CR is; spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing, and spectrum management. This paper presents a survey of CR based IoT and mentions some previous works. It highlights with details the spectrum sensing stage for both narrowband and wideband.
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U. Harita, Ms, and K. V.DayaSagar. "A survey on secured internet of things architecture." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10596.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) introduces an inventive and perceptive of a future Internet where users, computing systems, and everyday items owning sensing and actuating abilities cooperate with unique comfort and financial advantages. Many heterogeneous devices get connected and contribute to the IoT and are known as things.Internet of Things (IoT) enables these things to correspond, compute and make decisions on the network. In such a heterogeneous environment, every user of IoT will have a unique purpose to be served in the form of communication and computation. There is a threat that a malicious user can demolish the security and privacy of the network. Hence any application in the environment of IoT is prone to various attacks and threats. At this point, security becomes a high priority in IoT. To ensure security, care must be taken to guarantee confidentiality, authenticity, data integrity and non-repudiation. In this paperaddress various conventional techniques for providing security of IoT devices and present analysis of existing solutions for IoT. Firstly, as security will be a fundamental allowing thing of most IoT applications, mechanisms must also be designed to defend communications enabled by such technologies. Later, we identify some suitable security algorithms.