Relevant bibliographies by topics / IoT availability

Academic literature on the topic 'IoT availability'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "IoT availability"

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Nguyen, Tuan Anh, Dugki Min, and Eunmi Choi. "A Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis Framework for Availability and Security Quantification of IoT Infrastructures." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010155.

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Modeling a complete Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure is crucial to assess its availability and security characteristics. However, modern IoT infrastructures often consist of a complex and heterogeneous architecture and thus taking into account both architecture and operative details of the IoT infrastructure in a monolithic model is a challenge for system practitioners and developers. In that regard, we propose a hierarchical modeling framework for the availability and security quantification of IoT infrastructures in this paper. The modeling methodology is based on a hierarchical model of three levels including (i) reliability block diagram (RBD) at the top level to capture the overall architecture of the IoT infrastructure, (ii) fault tree (FT) at the middle level to elaborate system architectures of the member systems in the IoT infrastructure, and (iii) continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) at the bottom level to capture detailed operative states and transitions of the bottom subsystems in the IoT infrastructure. We consider a specific case-study of IoT smart factory infrastructure to demonstrate the feasibility of the modeling framework. The IoT smart factory infrastructure is composed of integrated cloud, fog, and edge computing paradigms. A complete hierarchical model of RBD, FT, and CTMC is developed. A variety of availability and security measures are computed and analyzed. The investigation of the case-study’s analysis results shows that more frequent failures in cloud cause more severe decreases of overall availability, while faster recovery of edge enhances the availability of the IoT smart factory infrastructure. On the other hand, the analysis results of the case-study also reveal that cloud servers’ virtual machine monitor (VMM) and virtual machine (VM), and fog server’s operating system (OS) are the most vulnerable components to cyber-security attack intensity. The proposed modeling and analysis framework coupled with further investigation on the analysis results in this study help develop and operate the IoT infrastructure in order to gain the highest values of availability and security measures and to provide development guidelines in decision-making processes in practice.
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Sun, Bin, Renkang Geng, Yuan Xu, and Tao Shen. "Prediction of Emergency Mobility Under Diverse IoT Availability." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 8, no. 4 (September 13, 2022): e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eetpht.v8i4.274.

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INTRODUCTION: Prediction of emergency mobility needs to consider more scenarios as Internet of Things (IoT) develops at a high speed, which influences the quality and quantity of data, manageable resources and algorithms. OBJECTIVES: This work investigates differences in dynamic emergency mobility prediction when facing dynamic temporal IoT data with different quality and quantity considering diverse computing resources and algorithm availability. METHODS: A node construction scheme under a small range of traffic networks is adopted in this work, which can effectively convert the road to graph network structure data which has been proved to be feasible and used for the small-scale traffic network data here. Besides, two different datasets are formed using public large scale traffic network data. Representative widely used and proven algorithms from typical types of methods are selected respectively with different datasets to conduct experiments. RESULTS: The experimental results show that the graphed data and neural network algorithm can deal with the dynamic time series data with complex nodes and edges in a better way, while the non-neural network algorithm can predict the with a simple graph network structure. CONCLUSION: Our proposed graph construction with graph neural network improves dynamic emergency mobility prediction. The prediction should consider the scenarios of availability of computing resources, quantity and quality of data among other IoT features to improve the results. Later, automation and data enrichment should be improved.
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Ateya, Abdelhamied A., Abeer D. Algarni, Monia Hamdi, Andrey Koucheryavy, and Naglaa F. Soliman. "Enabling Heterogeneous IoT Networks over 5G Networks with Ultra-Dense Deployment—Using MEC/SDN." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080910.

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The Internet of things (IoT) is the third evolution of the traditional Internet that enables interaction and communication among machines. Many IoT platforms and networks have been developed, and recently, market sectors have started to develop specific IoT applications and services. Integrating heterogeneous IoT networks with the existing ones, mainly with the cellular networks, is a great demand. IoT represents one of the main use cases of the fifth-generation (5G) cellular system as announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Integrating IoT networks with 5G networks face many challenges related to dense deployment and a massive number of expected connected devices. Thus, IoT network availability and scalability are the main requirements that should be achieved. To this end, this work provides a framework for integrating heterogeneous IoT networks with the 5G networks. The proposed system considers dense deployment and system scalability and availability requirements as announced by ITU and 3GPP. Our proposed structure deploys three main communication paradigms; mobile edge computing (MEC), device-to-device communications (D2D), and software-defined networking (SDN). Our proposed system is evaluated over a reliable environment for various deployment scenarios, and the results validate the proposed structure. The proposed IoT/5G reduces the percentage of blocked tasks by an average of 30% than other traditional IoT networks. This increases the overall system availability and scalability since IoT networks can have more devices and tasks than existing IoT networks. Furthermore, our proposed structure reduces the overall consumed energy by an average of 20% than existing IoT networks, which is an effective metric for IoT networks.
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Tang, Shensheng, and Yi Xie. "Availability Modeling and Performance Improving of a Healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) System." IoT 2, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iot2020016.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is improving human life in a more convenient and simpler way. One of the most promising IoT applications is healthcare. In this paper, an availability model of a healthcare IoT system is proposed which is composed of two groups of structures described by separate Markov state-space models. The two separate models are analyzed and combined to implement the whole IoT system modeling. The system balance equations are solved under a given scenario and some performance metrics of interest, such as probabilities of full service, degraded service, and the system unavailability, are derived. Detailed numerical evaluation of selected metrics is provided for further understanding and verification of the analytic results. An availability performance improving (API) method is also proposed for increasing the probability of system full service and decreasing the system unavailability. The proposed system modeling and performance improving method can serve as a useful reference for general IoT system design and evaluation.
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Dr. Ramkrishna Manatkar, Surabhi Hatagale,. "Fleet maintenance using IOT technology." Psychology and Education Journal 57, no. 9 (January 5, 2021): 6251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.2717.

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In fleet management, fleet maintenance is an important exposure to increase availability. Periodic and preventive maintenance is one such crucial aspect which is considered regardless of the practical faults which in sets of the need for repair and replacement cost as well time attached with it. With development in technology IOT and big data have been in talks. With all the data that is being produced predictive maintenance can be performed using this technology. IOT based predictive maintenance can increase fleet availability, stability and efficiency, reduced cost through effective maintenance planning and eliminate unnecessary maintenance tasks.
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Turkmanović, Haris, Ivan Popović, Zoran Čiča, and Dejan Drajić. "Simulation environment for scalability and performance analysis in hierarchically organized IoT systems." Telfor Journal 14, no. 2 (2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/telfor2202085t.

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The accelerated development of technologies, especially in the field of telecommunications, ease the integration of embedded devices within various IoT applications. Modern IoT applications assume heterogenous embedded platforms capable of collecting, processing, and exchanging data between the tiers of the IoT system architecture. Designing a multi-tier IoT system, even in the case of architecture that involves a small number of intelligent embedded devices, can be a very demanding process, especially when dealing with the strict requirements of IoT application concerning application performance, scalability, and energy consumption. In this paper, an open-source simulation framework for the performance analysis of an arbitrary multi-tiered IoT system is presented. Framework supports insight into the data availability within the tiers of IoT system enabling designers to evaluate the performance of IoT application and to engineer the system operation and deployment. Besides the performance analysis, proposed framework enables the analysis of energy consumption, architecture scalability utilizing different communication patterns and technologies. The case study of a large-scale IoT application for demonstrating the framework potential regarding the scalability and data availability analysis is also given.
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Gor, Parthavi, Taslim Divan, Himani Sharma, Divya Makwana, and D. K. Jhala. "IoT Operating Systems: Perspective, Availability and Proposed New Architecture." Indian Journal of Computer Science 4, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijcs/2019/v4/i5/149456.

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Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rizwan Ali Naqvi, Saqib Ali, Seyedeh Yasaman Hosseini Mirmahaleh, and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh. "Quasi-Mapping and Satisfying IoT Availability with a Penalty-Based Algorithm." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 3286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243286.

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The Internet of things and medical things (IoT) and (IoMT) technologies have been deployed to simplify humanity’s life, which the complexity of communications between their layers was increased by rising joining the applications to IoT and IoMT-based infrastructures. The issue is challenging for decision-making and the quality of service where some researchers addressed the reward-based methods to tackle the problems by employing reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms and deep neural networks (DNNs). Nevertheless, satisfying its availability remains a challenge for the quality of service due to the lack of imposing a penalty to the defective devices after detecting faults. This paper proposes a quasi-mapping method to transfer the roles of sensors and services onto a neural network’s nodes to satisfy IoT-based applications’ availability using a penalty-backwarding approach into the NN’s weights and prunes weak neurons and synaptic weights (SWs). We reward the sensors and fog services, and the connection weights between them when are covered the defective nodes’ output. Additionally, this work provides a decision-making approach to dedicate the suitable service to the requester using employing a threshold value in the NN’s output layer according to the application. By providing an intelligent algorithm, the study decides to provide a service based on its availability and updating initial information, including faulty devices and new joined components. The observations and results prove decision-making accuracy for different IoT-based applications by approximately 95.8–97% without imposing the cost. The study reduces energy consumption and delay by approximately 64.71% and 47.4% compared without using neural networks besides creating service availability. This idea affects deploying IoT infrastructures to decision-making about providing appropriate services in critical situations because of removing defective devices and joining new components by imposing penalties and rewards by the designer, respectively.
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Yang, Hyunsik, and Younghan Kim. "Design and Implementation of High-Availability Architecture for IoT-Cloud Services." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153276.

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For many vertical Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the high availability is very important. In traditional cloud systems, services are usually implemented with the same level of availability in which the fault detection and fault recovery mechanisms are not aware of service characteristics. In IoT-cloud, various services are provided with different service characteristics and availability requirements. Therefore, the existing cloud system is inefficient to optimize the availability method and resources to meet service requirements. To address this issue, this paper proposes a high availability architecture that is capable of dynamically optimizing the availability method based on service characteristics. The proposed architecture was verified through an implementation system based on OpenStack, and it was demonstrated that the system was able to achieve the target availability while optimizing resources, in contrast with existing architectures that use predefined availability methods.
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Martinez Alonso, Rodney, David Plets, Ernesto Fontes Pupo, Margot Deruyck, Luc Martens, Glauco Guillen Nieto, and Wout Joseph. "IoT-Based Management Platform for Real-Time Spectrum and Energy Optimization of Broadcasting Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (July 11, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7287641.

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We investigate the feasibility of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and improve the energy efficiency and spectrum usage efficiency of broadcasting networks in the Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band. Traditional broadcasting networks are designed with a fixed radiated power to guarantee a certain service availability. However, excessive fading margins often lead to inefficient spectrum usage, higher interference, and power consumption. We present an IoT-based management platform capable of dynamically adjusting the broadcasting network radiated power according to the current propagation conditions. We assess the performance and benchmark two IoT solutions (i.e., LoRa and NB-IoT). By means of the IoT management platform the broadcasting network with adaptive radiated power reduces the power consumption by 15% to 16.3% and increases the spectrum usage efficiency by 32% to 35% (depending on the IoT platform). The IoT feedback loop power consumption represents less than 2% of the system power consumption. In addition, white space spectrum availability for secondary wireless telecommunications services is increased by 34% during 90% of the time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IoT availability"

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Andersson, Sebastian, and Oliver Josefsson. "On the assessment of Denial of Service vulnerabilities affecting smart home systems." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20717.

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IoT is an abbreviation of the term Internet of Things. The term describes everydayitems such as light bulbs that are connected to the Internet. IoT is a field that isgrowing very quickly with some researchers and industry leaders predicting thatthere will be up to 200 billion connected IoT devices in the world by 2020. Many IoTdevices are developed by smaller companies looking to capitalize on a specific needin the market. Because of this, the companies may favor launching a product as fastas possible which could mean that the devices may have not been adequately testedfor different vulnerabilities.The IoT and Smart Home market is currently experiencing rapid growth and all signspoint towards that continuing in the future. This thesis focuses on testing forvulnerabilities to Denial of Service attacks in common-off-the-shelf IoT devices thatcan be found in a smart home environment. The purpose of this thesis is to createmore knowledge about the vulnerabilities that can be found in Internet connecteddevices that are used daily.This thesis includes experiments using OpenVAS, which is a vulnerability scannerdeveloped by Greenbone Security used to test for vulnerabilities to Denial of Serviceattacks in IoT devices. The devices that are tested are Sony PlayStation 4, IKEATrådfri Smart Lighting, Google Chromecast (First Generation), Apple TV (ThirdGeneration) and D-Link DCS-930LB Wi-Fi IP-Camera. The firmware/software of allthe devices are updated as of April of 2019.The results of the conducted experiments show that all the tested devices besidesChromecast and IKEA Trådfri had vulnerabilities to Denial of Service attacks.PlayStation 4 was the device with the highest amount of vulnerabilities (9) and thevulnerability with highest possible severity (10.0). The effects of a Denial of Serviceattack range from an annoyance, when a gaming console is unavailable, to a securityrisk when an IP camera can be temporarily disabled.
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Simon, Nordsvan. "Counteracting Availability: Giving Control Back to Players Within Online Gambling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172778.

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Gambling has become ever more available and begun to employ more techniques, such as gamification, in order to engage their players. Today, Gambling with the use of your computer or smartphone is not deemed very different from playing any other kind of game. This shortens the availability cascade, or chain of events, that in the context of Gambling can ultimately lead to severe economical or social consequences for the players. This thesis seeks to find out how the increased availability can be counteracted by giving control back to the players through the use of personal informatics as well as if, and if so how, the social aspect of Gambling affects responsibility and the perceived experience. By conducting in-depth interviews with 20 participants I gained insights into what would assist them in maintaining control as well as their perception of Gambling. In order to evaluate these findings they were, in conjunction with related research, translated into a design concept. The results of the evaluations of this design suggest that many of the same techniques used to increase engagement with Gambling can also be utilized to counteract the increased availability. The prospects for future research are outlined.
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Somasiri, L. L. W. "A mixed ion-exchange resin procedure for assessing nutrient availability in temperate and tropical soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU033914.

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A multi-element soil extraction procedure (P, K, Mg, and Ca) using a mixed cation/anion exchange resin has been developed and its performance evaluated. Ion uptake to and recovery from the resin were highly reproducible over the concentration ranges typically experienced in soil. The effects on the overall reproducibility of changing various experimental parameters such as soil:water:resin ratios were quantified. Plant nutrient uptake and yield parameters obtained from either field (coconut) or pot (rye-grass) experiments using tropical or temperate soils have been used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the proposed method. Comparisons with existing more widely acceptable soil extractants are made. The proposed method generally gave highly significant correlations with crop data which were independent of soil type. The possibility of including a simultaneous multi-element analytical step, which greatly increases the overall advantages of the resin procedure, has also been assessed.
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Heißler, Clara Charlotte [Verfasser]. "Working after hours, sharing availability expectations, and interrupting yourself: Extending perspectives on ICT-related concepts in research / Clara Charlotte Heißler." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191202712/34.

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Summerhays, Jan C. R. "Effects of Non‐Surface‐Disturbing Treatments for Native Grass Revegetation on Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) Metrics and Soil Ion Availabilities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1024.

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Several restoration methods intended to increase the success of aerially‐seeded perennial grasses were assessed to determine their effects on cheatgrass metrics and soil nutrient bioavailabilities. These methods were: 1) imazapic herbicide application (140 g ai ∙ ha‐1, 210 g ai ∙ ha‐1, and no application [control]), 2) vegetation manipulation treatments (50% sagebrush overstory thinning, 100% sagebrush overstory thinning, sagebrush overstory and/or vegetative thatch burning, and no manipulation [control]), and 3) alternative seeding treatments (aerial seeding with raking, aerial seeding with activated carbon [AC] addition, aerial seeding with sucrose addition, and regular aerial seeding [control]). Treatments were arranged in 3‐way factorial designs, which allowed main effects and interactions between treatments to be assessed. Responses were followed for two growing seasons following treatment. Main effects of treatments and their interactions on cheatgrass metrics are described in Chapter 2. Herbicide reduced cheatgrass weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in 2009, but these variables were greater than in no‐herbicide plots in 2010. Burning decreased cheatgrass densities but increased weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in both years. One hundred percent sagebrush thinning resulted in greater cheatgrass weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in both years and greater densities in 2010. Sucrose addition decreased cheatgrass weights and tiller and spikelet numbers in 2009, but increased these variables in 2010. An interaction between AC and herbicide treatment was observed, with AC potentially sequestering and lessening the negative effect of herbicide on cheatgrass. Aerial seeding with raking and 50% sagebrush thinning treatments were not found to significantly affect cheatgrass either year. The effects of treatments (herbicide, 50% sagebrush thinning, aerial seeding on snow, and aerial seeding with raking treatments omitted) on soil nutrient availabilities are described in Chapter 3. We used ion exchange resin (IER) membrane probes to measure extractable quantities of 15 ions over three time periods following treatment applications. Burning resulted in short‐term increases in many soil nutrient availabilities, including nitrate (NO3 ‐), phosphate (H2PO4 ‐), and sulfate (SO4 2‐). Sucrose addition reduced availabilities of NO3 ‐ and H2PO4 ‐ during the first winter and growing season. No changes were detected with AC addition or 100% sagebrush thinning during any sampling time.
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Gherardi, Mark James. "Availability and management of manganese and water in bauxite residue revegetation." University of Western Australia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Discipline Group, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0038.

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[Truncated abstract] Industrial processing to refine alumina from bauxite ore produces millions of tonnes of refining residue each year in Australia. Revegetation of bauxite residue sand (BRS) is problematic for a number of reasons. Harsh chemical conditions caused by residual NaOH from ore digestion mean plants must overcome extremely high pH (initially >12), saline and sodic conditions. At such high pH, manganese (Mn) is rapidly oxidised from Mn2+ to Mn4+. Plants can take up only Mn2+. Thus, Mn deficiency is common in plants used for direct BRS revegetation, and broadcast Mn fertilisers have low residual value. Added to this, physical conditions of low water-holding capacity and a highly compactable structure make BRS unfavourable for productive plant growth without constant and large inputs of water as well as Mn. However, environmental regulations stipulate that the residue disposal area at Pinjarra, Western Australia, be revegetated to conform with surrounding land uses. The major land use of the area is pasture for grazing stock. Hence, pasture revegetation with minimum requirement for fertiliser and water application is desirable. This thesis investigates a number of avenues with potential for maintaining a productive pasture system on BRS whilst reducing the current level of Mn fertiliser and irrigation input. Emphasis was placed on elucidation of chemical and physical factors affecting Mn availability to plants in BRS
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duarte, natasha. "draft Nitrogen form and availability measured with ion exchange resin in a loblolly pine stand on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05142002-221956/.

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Understanding how management affects long-term site productivity will help sustain forest productivity. In 1991, the USDA Forest Service installed the Long-Term Soil Productivity study in the Croatan National Forest in Craven County, NC. The study objectives were to compare indices of plant-available inorganic N from ion-exchange resin (IER) in bead and membrane form and aerobic incubations in a 8-week study, and to analyze the effects of harvest intensity and site preparation on N availability and tree growth ten years after planting. Site treatments included three levels of organic matter removal and two levels of compaction arranged in a strip-plot design replicated in three blocks. Block 1 consisted primarily of Goldsboro soil, while Blocks 2 and 3 consisted of Lynchburg. The two-month study showed no correlation of the N availability among the three techniques. The short duration of the study and the low soil fertility at the site may have contributed to the lack of correlation, indicating that the two forms of IER may not be equally effective at low nutrient concentrations. Through the 2001 growing season, IER membranes were used to measure soil NO3 and NH4 biweekly. Non-linear analysis indicate that total inorganic N recovered from the IER membranes was significantly influenced by interactions between block, organic matter removal treatment and compaction level (p=0.005). Total basal area of loblolly pines was significantly impacted by block (p=0.015) and organic matter removal treatment (p=0.032). At year ten, treatment effects can still be seen on both soil processes and tree productivity.
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Medina-Ross, Jose Antonio. "Study on phosphorus desorption and availability to soybean (Glycine max L.) in two phosphorus rich Gleysolic soils under different tillage and fertilization practices." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21609.

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Soil phosphate is essential for the development and maturity of crops. Plants absorb phosphate from the soil solution which is continuously replenished by fertilizer application and/or desorption from the soil solid phase. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs), act in a similar way to plant roots, adsorbing P from soil solution. Desorption of available P was studied in 1997 on two Gleysolic soils rich in P, a Ste. Rosalie clay soil and a Duravin sandy loam soil, using fluoride-saturated AEMs let in soil suspension for various contact periods. Determination of available P using these AEMs was compared to P extraction using the Mehlich III extractant for predicting P availability to soybean (Glycine max L.). Desorption from both soils, and subsequent adsorption by AEMs was found to decrease with time. A high P desorption rate was calculated for both soils with the Elovich equation. Different chemical and physical characteristics such as pH, Mehlich III extractable Al, Fe and Ca, sand and clay content were in some cases, positively correlated and in other cases, negatively correlated with various contact periods for both soils. The use of AEMs better predicted P availability than the Mehlich III extractant, although the most important asset of using AEMs is that they showed the desorption effect over time on P availability. It was observed that P remobilization from the vegetative part to the grain was reduced due to the high P concentration in both soils.
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Lindell, Emma, and Josefin Stolt. "Anställdas upplevelse av hur dagens gränslösa digitala arbete förskjuter balansen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29653.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka om och hur anställda upplever att dagens gränslösa digitala arbete förskjuter balansen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv. Genom en kvalitativ metod utgick studien från åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes på ett företag beläget i Mellansverige. Intervjumaterialet analyserades sedan utifrån en induktiv tematisk analys där tre teman identifierades; kontroll över informationsflödet, organisationskultur med undertemat ledarskap samt slutligen temat flexibilitet. Utifrån studiens resultat framkom det att gränsen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv har förskjutits av dagens gränslösa digitala arbete då respondenterna tenderade att kontrollera det arbetsrelaterade informationsflödet i huvudsak via mail utanför arbetstid. En stark organisationskultur och ett ledarskap utan förväntningar på ständig tillgänglighet hos de anställda samt möjlighet till flexibla arbetstider underlättade för respondenterna att hantera den diffusa gränsdragning som uppstått i och med digitaliseringen och skapa en god work-life balance.
The aim of this study was to examine whether and how employees feel that today's boundless digital work shifts the balance between work and family life. Through a qualitative method, the study was based on eight semi-structured interviews which was carried out at a company located in Central Sweden. The collected material was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis where three themes were identified; control over the stream of  information, organizational culture with subcategory leadership and the final theme flexibility. The results indicated that the boundary between work and family life has shifted by today´s limitless digital work, since the respondents controlled their work-related stream of information mainly through email outside working hours. An organizational culture and leadership without expectations of permanent availability and the possibility to use flexible working hours has made it easier for the respondents to handle the diffuse boundary that emerged with the advanced technology and to create a good work - life balance.
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CHEN, CHING-WEI, and 陳慶維. "Security and Availability Enhancement by Using the Four Layer Architecture of IoT." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80865490723674489307.

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博士
朝陽科技大學
資訊管理系
104
Currently, information technology is developing rapidly, and resulting in the vigorous development of the IPv6. The new concept of the future network is applied to the smart objects which have sensing, networking and computing abilities, and the ability to transfer data between the objects; the novel network environment is called the Internet of Things (IoT). The past researches of the middleware layer in the IoT have not discussed inaccurate information, large and complex information and data insecurity issues. Thus, a framework of middleware is proposed to solve these problems through data filtering and integration to draw on meaningful information. This study used the concept of security level agreements to reduce the risk of data being subject to malicious attacks, as well as the computational cost of data encrypted in the perception layer. And the digital signature is used to establish a lightweight security mechanism between the application and the perception layer. Through the framework of the middleware layer, the identity of the application and the perception layer will have a verification and non-repudiation, and the security of the IoT can be obtained. This study proposed Three-Phase Scheduling (3PS) under a cloud computational resource layer, to improve the effectiveness of the system. Thereby, each task to be performed can be assigned to the appropriate resources, while improving the load on each service node and reducing the waste of resources.
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Books on the topic "IoT availability"

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Neubauer, Jeremy. The impact of lithium availability on vehicle electrification. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.

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Guan, Ximing. Organic matter influences on soil-solution chemistry, ion transport and nutrient availability in forest soils. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för ekologi och miljövård, 1995.

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Evstaf'eva, Elena, Svetlana Zinchenko, Svetlana Tymchenko, Ol'ga Zalata, Ol'ga Moskovchuk, Aleksandra Slyusarenko, and Yuliya Boyarinceva. Human physiology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1085526.

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The textbook reflects modern ideas about the physiological functions of the human body. The necessary and sufficient information on normal physiology, which is the basic discipline for a future doctor, is presented. The structure of the textbook provides for the presentation of the main provisions of the sections of physiology, the availability of practical tasks to consolidate the material, as well as topics for self-preparation. It is intended for independent preparation of students for practical classes in the course of normal physiology in medical universities.
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Krebs, Stefan, and Heike Weber, eds. The Persistence of Technology. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839447413.

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Repair, reuse and disposal are closely interlinked phenomena related to the service lives and persistence of technologies. When technical artefacts become old and worn out, decisions have to be taken: is it necessary, worthwhile or even possible to maintain and repair, reuse or dismantle them - or must they be discarded? These decisions depend on factors such as the availability of second-hand markets, repair infrastructures and dismantling or disposal facilities. In telling the stories of China's power grid, Canadian telephones, German automobiles and India's shipbreaking business, among others, the contributions in this volume highlight the persistence of technologies and show that maintenance and repair are not obsolete in modern industries and consumer societies.
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Semenova, Elena. Actual problems of designing the educational process. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013701.

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The textbook is an author's development formed on the basis of actual achievements of several areas of scientific knowledge related to various aspects of intellectual activity and implemented in the practice of professional pedagogical activity of different educational groups and forms of education (both higher and additional professional education). Structure of the study involves theoretical facts, the availability of practical tasks, allowing to assess the level of dynamics of development of the future specialist and workshop, contributing to the expansion of personal pedagogical tools. Compiled in accordance with the requirements of the society for socially oriented professions of the future, presented on the portal of new professions atlas100.ru. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to students, undergraduates, postgraduates studying in pedagogical directions, teachers of educational organizations.
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Salisbury, Steven Earl. Ion exchange membranes and agronomic responses as tools for assessing nutrient availability. 1999.

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Segal, David. The Preparation of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804079.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 covers aspects of materials preparation. It stresses that the availability of high-purity silicon was essential for the semiconductor industry as were high-purity thin films. Availability of critical materials is mentioned. Specific techniques that are mentioned include the polymerase chain reaction, ion implantation, chemical vapour deposition, plasma spraying and sol-gel processing. Polymer synthesis is also described.
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Kusumawardhani, Niken, Rezanti Pramana, Nurmala Saputri, and Daniel Suryadarma. Heterogeneous impact of internet availability on female labour market outcomes in an emerging economy: Evidence from Indonesia. 49th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/987-7.

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Greater female labour market participation has important positive implications not only for women’s empowerment and the well-being of their families but also for the economy they live in. In this paper, we examine the various effects of internet availability on women’s labour market outcomes in Indonesia. As each worker subgroup tends to respond differently to changes in technology, examining the heterogeneity in the impact of internet availability on female labour market outcomes is central to our research. By constructing a district-level longitudinal dataset covering the period 2007–18, we find that internet availability has only a small significant effect on the female labour force participation rate and no statistically significant effect on the employment rate. However, internet availability increases the probability of women having a full-time job, especially for women aged 15–45 and those with a low level of education. Our study shows that internet availability does not always bring favourable labour market outcomes for women. We find that internet availability lowers the probability of women with a low level of education working in a high-skilled job and in the formal sector. Our results are robust to several robustness checks. Analysis of our qualitative interviews with a subsample of recent mothers supports the conclusion that the ability to be prepared for and attain flexible working conditions are two important values provided by the internet. We argue that a women-friendly working environment and adequate IT infrastructure are crucial elements in maximizing the role of the internet in helping women to achieve more favourable labour market outcomes.
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Greenstein, Shane, Chris Forman, and Avi Goldfarb. How Geography Shapes—and Is Shaped by—the Internet. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.21.

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The literature on the geographical implications of the Internet are reviewed, both those studying the adoption and use of the Internet, as well as those examining the Internet’s economic consequences for productivity, wealth, innovation, trade, and consumer behavior. The chapter emphasizes that the Internet reduces three key interrelated economic frictions: communication costs, transportation costs, and search costs. The impact of reducing these frictions varies across locations because it depends on three factors that vary locally: preferences, the availability of substitutes, and the availability of complements. Thus, the diffusion of the Internet benefits some locations more than others. The chapter concludes by discussing directions for future research.
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Combs, Todd B., Laura Brossart, Kurt M. Ribisl, and Douglas A. Luke. Implementation Science in Retail Tobacco Control Policy. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0012.

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This case study considers how expanding implementation science in retail tobacco policy can help reduce the availability and accessibility of tobacco products and ultimately decrease the burden of smoking and tobacco use on public health. Tobacco control strategies are increasingly focused on the retail environment, in which policies can be categorized into four domains: place, price, promotion, and product availability. This case study provides a brief overview of retail tobacco policy in the United States and then examples and guidance for (1) assessing tobacco retailers in communities, (2) connecting specific retail tobacco problems with policies, and (3) translating and disseminating evidence to various stakeholders and policymakers. It concludes with a discussion of emerging opportunities for D&I research in tobacco retail policy.
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Book chapters on the topic "IoT availability"

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Bell, Charles. "High Availability IOT Solutions." In MySQL for the Internet of Things, 251–71. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1293-6_7.

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Santos, Guto L., Kayo H. de C. Monteiro, and Patricia Takako Endo. "Living at the Edge? Optimizing availability in IoT." In The Cloud-to-Thing Continuum, 79–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41110-7_5.

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Cvitić, Ivan, Dragan Peraković, Marko Periša, and Branimir Jerneić. "Availability Protection of IoT Concept Based Telematics System in Transport." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 109–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49646-7_10.

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Stepanov, Nikita, Dmitri Moltchanov, and Andrey Turlikov. "Modeling the NB-IoT Transmission Process with Intermittent Network Availability." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 241–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65726-0_22.

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Mohan, Abishaik, Balaji Seetharaman, and P. Janarthanan. "An Approach to Ensure High-Availability Deployment of IoT Devices." In Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things, 75–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77637-4_5.

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Rajpoot, Navneet, Shubham Bansal, and Saru Dhir. "IoT Based Vital Monitoring and Bed Availability System Using Arduino." In Transformation in Healthcare with Emerging Technologies, 231–48. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003201960-13.

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Strielkina, Anastasiia, Dmytro Uzun, Vyacheslav Kharchenko, and Artem Tetskyi. "Modeling and Availability Assessment of Mobile Healthcare IoT Using Tree Analysis and Queueing Theory." In Dependable IoT for Human and Industry, 105–26. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003337843-8.

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Liang, Weipeng, and Xiaoqiong Qiu. "Design of High Availability Server System Management Software for Autonomic Computing." In Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era, 81–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99581-2_10.

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Volochiy, Bogdan, Vitaliy Yakovyna, and Oleksandr Mulyak. "Analytical Model for Availability Assessment of IoT Service Data Transmission Subsystem." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing II, 588–600. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70581-1_41.

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El Mahdi, Fatna, Halim Berradi, Ahmed Habbani, and Bachir Bouamoud. "A New Secure Schema to Enhance Service Availability in Urban IoT." In Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Edition 3, 974–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37629-1_70.

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Conference papers on the topic "IoT availability"

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Bouchaud, François, Gilles Grimaud, and Thomas Vantroys. "IoT Forensic." In ARES 2018: International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3233257.

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M, Gowtham, Pramod H B, Vishwas D B, Madiha Fathima, Noor Afshan, and Apporva E. "Availability Analysis of Individuals using IoT." In 2019 1st International Conference on Advances in Information Technology (ICAIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icait47043.2019.8987343.

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Samaila, Musa G., Moser Z. V. José, João B. F. Sequeiros, Mário M. Freire, and Pedro R. M. Inácio. "IoT-HarPSecA." In ARES '19: 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340514.

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Simsek, Gokay, and Mehmet Tahir Sandikkaya. "Parking IoT: An IoT Architecture to Collect Availability Data from Parking Lots." In 2020 9th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meco49872.2020.9134335.

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Petritoli, Enrico, Fabio Leccese, and Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo. "In-Line Quality Control in Semiconductors Production and Availability for Industry 4.0." In 2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot48571.2020.9138296.

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Buccafurri, Francesco, Gianluca Lax, Serena Nicolazzo, and Antonino Nocera. "Overcoming Limits of Blockchain for IoT Applications." In ARES '17: International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098954.3098983.

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Judmayer, Aljosha, Johanna Ullrich, Georg Merzdovnik, Artemios G. Voyiatzis, and Edgar Weippl. "Lightweight Address Hopping for Defending the IPv6 IoT." In ARES '17: International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098954.3098975.

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Calderoni, Luca. "Preserving context security in AWS IoT Core." In ARES '19: 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340499.

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Wu, Tina, Frank Breitinger, and Ibrahim Baggili. "IoT Ignorance is Digital Forensics Research Bliss." In ARES '19: 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340504.

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Wu, Ming-Yen, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Tse-Hsiang Tseng, and Chen-Min Hsu. "Short-term Availability Forecasting in Small Cell Networks." In 2019 IEEE Eurasia Conference on IOT, Communication and Engineering (ECICE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecice47484.2019.8942688.

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Reports on the topic "IoT availability"

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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.

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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.
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Black, Sandra, Jeffrey Denning, Lisa Dettling, Sarena Goodman, and Lesley Turner. Taking It to the Limit: Effects of Increased Student Loan Availability on Attainment, Earnings, and Financial Well-Being. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27658.

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Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker, and Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.

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A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Palmborg, Cecilia. Fertilization with digestate and digestate products – availability and demonstration experiments within the project Botnia nutrient recycling. Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.25rctaeopn.

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To increase our food security in Västerbotten we will need to become more self-sufficient of both energy, feed and nutrients that are now imported to the region. Biogas production from different waste streams is one solution to this. Biogas is produced using biowaste or sewage sludge as substrate in the major cities Umeå and Skellefteå. Biogas systems offer a range of benefits to society. Biogas production is currently prized for its climate benefits when replacing fossil fuels for the production of heat, electricity and vehicle gas, but at Bothnia Nutrient Recycling we have studied how to use the digestate, i.e. the residual product of production, as fertilizer in agriculture. We have been working to improve profitability for biogas producers and develop sustainable products from recycled nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen. Improving the uses for digestate increases self-sufficiency in agriculture and contributes to a circular economy. We conducted three agricultural demonstration experiments in collaboration with agricultural high schools in Finland and Sweden to introduce digestate and digestate products to the future farmers in the regions. We found that it may be possible to replace cattle slurry with compost when growing maize despite the low levels of nitrogen, N, available to plants in the compost. In barley, NPK fertilizers gave the highest yield. Digestate from HEMAB and sludge biochar supplemented with recycled ammonium sulphate gave a smaller yield but higher than unfertilized crop. Digestate from a dry digestion biogas plant in Härnösand was better suited to barley than to grass because in an experiment on grass ley the viscous fertilizer did not penetrate the grass and did not increase the growth of the grass. Fertilizer effects on crop quality were small. There was no increased uptake of heavy metals in barley after fertilization with digestate or digestate products compared to NPK fertilization. These demonstration experiments show that more thorough scientific experimentation is needed as a foundation for recommendations to farmers. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous in digestate from Västerbotten that could become used as fertilizer were modelled. It showed that if sewage sludge digestate is used to make sludge biochar and ammonium sulphate and the other available digestates are used directly in agriculture, the entire phosphorous demand but only a small part of the nitrogen demand in the county, could be covered. Thus, to achieve a true circular food production, development and increase of both the waste handling sector and agriculture is needed.
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Cassity, Elizabeth, and Debbie Wong. Teacher development multi-year studies. Insights on the challenges of data availability for measuring and reporting on student learning outcomes. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-677-2.

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Student learning outcomes are an important source of evidence regarding improved teaching quality. A multi-year teacher development study series was commissioned by the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) to investigate teacher development initiatives in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. The overall aim of the study series is to understand the extent to which the Australian investment has improved teaching quality and student learning. This paper outlines the different approaches to sourcing and using data in each country context, and then presents initial insights about the challenges associated with the limited availability of data for measuring and reporting student learning outcomes, as a measure of teacher effectiveness. It presents key lessons learned about conducting research with limited existing student learning outcomes data and offers some solutions to inform programs in other contexts.
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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel, and Javier Gutiérrez-Ballivián. A dataset on the digital transformation of university courses during the covid-19 pandemic. Fachhochschule Dortmund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/25862001.

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This paper presents a dataset created from a survey on the experiences of professors from business schools at Latin American universities, in the digital transformation of their courses, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset collects the insight that professors had about the national and institutional policies on information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher education; the methods, strategies, and resources used by professors; and the outcomes at the end of the courses. The purpose of this work is to inform the academic community of the existence and availability of this dataset for analysis, criticism, or possible use by other researchers.
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Srivastava, Shilpi, Jeremy Allouche, Roz Price, and Tina Nelis. Bringing WASH into the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Humanitarian Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.006.

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This paper examines the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus in a humanitarian context, with a specific focus on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It highlights the complex and non-linear interactions that WASH has with other areas of the WEF nexus. In doing so, it blends the social dimensions (access, safety, consumption, and use) with the WEF resource dimensions (availability and resource sustainability), including a further emphasis on sanitation as a key, but often ignored, element of the WEF nexus. Drawing on the case of the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh, we examine how household-level access to WASH shapes and is shaped by use, access, and availability of energy and food, and finally their effects on host–refugee interactions. We find that there are implicit and explicit links between WASH and WEF. Moreover, any small intervention in any of the WEF areas has positive knock-on effects on the other resources, especially in enhancing resource access and use. We conclude that bottom-up perspectives on these interlinkages with active participation from both host and refugee households are required to understand the implicit and explicit connections across WASH and the WEF nexus in humanitarian contexts. We also argue that sanitation is a key element of the WEF nexus and should not be ignored within the predominant resource-centric framing of the WEF.
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10

Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Siobhan M. Brady. Mechanisms underlying root system architecture adaptation to low phosphate environment. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600024.bard.

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In order to advance our understanding towards potential biotechnology improvement of plant performance, we studied root responses to limited P in two different plants, Arabidopsis and tomato. Arabidopsis is among the most studied model plants that allows rapid application of molecular and developmental experiments while tomato is an important crop, with application in agriculture. Using Arabidopsis we found that steroid hormones modulate the extent of root elongation in response to limited P, by controlling the accumulation of iron in the root. We also found that the availability of P and iron control the activity of the steroid hormone in the root. Finally, we revealed the genes involved in this nutrient-hormone interaction. Hence, the ferroxidase LPR1 that promotes iron accumulation in response to low P is repressed by the transcription factor BES1/BZR1. Low P inhibits the steroid hormone pathway by enhancing the accumulation of BKI1. High levels of BKI1 inhibit the activity of the steroid hormone receptor at the cell surface and iron accumulation increases inside the root, resulting in a slow growth. Together, the extent of root elongation depends on interactions between an internal cue (steroid hormone) and cues derived from the availability of P and iron in the environment. Using tomato, we found that the response of two cultivated tomato varieties (M82 and New Yorker) to limited P is distinct from that of the wild species, Solanumpennellii. This is implicated at both the levels of root development and whole plant physiology. Specifically, while the root system architecture of cultivated tomato is modulated by limited P availability, that of the wild type species remained unaffected. The wild species appears to be always behaving as if it is always in phosphate deprived conditions, despite sufficient levels of phosphate. Hyper-accumulation of metals appears to mediate this response. Together, this knowledge will be used to isolate new genes controlling plant adaptation to limited P environment.
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