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Bubnova, Irina, Veronica Averich, and Elena Belousova. "Influence of corneal biomechanical properties on IOP indices in patients with keratoconus." Eye 21, no. 128 (December 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2019-4-15-19.
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Purpose: Evaluation of corneal biomechanical prop¬erties and their influence on IOP indices in patients with keratoconus. Material and methods. The study included 194 eyes with keratoconus (113 patients aged from 23 to 36 years old). Corneal refraction in central zone varied from 48.25 to 56.75 D, values of corneal thickness ranged from 279 to 558 μm. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to Amsler classification: I stage – 40 eyes; II stage – 78 eyes; III stage – 54 eyes and IV stage – 22 eyes. Standard ophthal¬mological examination was carried out including pneumo¬tonometry. IOP indices and values of biomechanical prop¬erties were evaluated by dynamic bidirectional pneumatic applanation and pneumatic impression. Results. Study of corneal biomechanical properties in patients with keratoconus showed a decrease of such biomechanical indices as corneal hysteresis (CH) on aver¬age to 8.42±1.12 mm Hg, corneal resistance factor (CRF) – to 7.45±0.96 mm Hg, coefficient of elasticity (CE) – 5.35± 0.87 mm Hg. Values of these indices strongly depended on the stage of keratoconus. In the whole sample, the aver¬age corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc) amounted to 15.08± 2.43 mm Hg, Goldman IOP (IOPg) was 11.61±2.37 mm Hg and pneumatic tonometry IOP (IOPp) was 10.13±2.94 mm Hg. IOPcc indices didn’t have any statistically significant differ¬ence in dependence on the stage of keratoconus (р>0.473), while in process of disease progression IOPg and IOPp indi¬ces showed statistically significant decrease of mean values. Conclusion. Progression of keratoconus led to a de¬crease in corneal biomechanical properties which deter¬mine reduction of such indices as IOPg and IOPp in contrast to IOPcc.
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Skrzypecki, Janusz, Karolina Niewęgłowska, and Emilia Samborowska. "Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020387.
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Mechanisms controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and arterial blood pressure (BP) share similar mediators, including gut bacteria metabolites. Here, we investigated the effects of valeric acid (VA), a short chain fatty acid produced by microbiota from undigested carbohydrates, on IOP and BP. To test if gut VA penetrates to the eye we evaluated eyes’ homogenates after the administration of D9-VA into the colon. Additionally, the following experimental series were performed on 16-week-old Sprague Dawley rats to analyze the influence of VA on IOP: vehicle treatment; VA treatment; VA + hydroxybutyrate - a short chain fatty acids’ G protein-coupled receptor 41/43 (GPR 41/43) blocker (ANT); hydroxybutyrate; VA + angiotensin II; angiotensin II; VA treatment in rats with superior cervical ganglion excision and sham operated rats. D9-VA rapidly penetrated from the colon to the eye. VA significantly decreased IOP and BP. The decrease in IOP was gradual and lasted through the experiment. In contrast, a decrease in BP was instantaneous and lasted no longer than 10 min. Angiotensin II, ANT, and sympathetic denervation did not influence the effect of VA on IOP. In conclusion, colon-derived VA penetrates to the eye and decreases IOP. The effect is independent from BP changes, angiotensin II, GPR41/43, and sympathetic eye innervation.
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Talabi, Oluwole A., and Zhen-Xuan Yew. "Modifying the Hall Plot for Analysis of Immiscible Gas Injection Wells II: IOR." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2018.9.2.697.
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Енукашвили, Н. И., И. Е. Коткас, Д. С. Боголюбов, А. В. Котова, И. О. Боголюбова, В. В. Багаева, К. А. Левчук, et al. "Детектирование клеток, содержащих интернализованные мультидоменные магнитные наночастицы оксида железа (II, III), методом магнитно-резонансной томографии." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 9 (2020): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.09.49671.402-19.
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This study evaluated the feasibility of using uncoated iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles (IONP) obtained by electric explosion of wire in air for labelling living mesenchymal stromal cells and their subsequent visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 1.5T clinical MRI scanners. The uptake of uncoated IONP by MSC was demonstrated for the wide range of IONP concentration in the cell culture medium. The cells did not change their proliferative activity, viability, and the set of surface markers. IONP obtained by electric explosion of wire in an atmosphere of air had a shape close to spherical. The size of nanoparticles varied from 14 to 136 nm according to dynamic lateral light scattering, laser diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Particles up to 136 nm comprised 75%, and particles less than 36 nm --- 10% of the IONP powder. A wide range of particle sizes made it possible to select MRI parameters suitable for labelled cells detection in animal tissues both in the T2 mode and in the T1 relaxation mode.
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Konopińska, Joanna, Milena Kozera, Paweł Kraśnicki, Zofia Mariak, and Marek Rękas. "The Effectiveness of First-Generation iStent Microbypass Implantation Depends on Initial Intraocular Pressure: 24-Month Follow-Up—Prospective Clinical Trial." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8164703.
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Background. Evaluation of efficacy of the iStent trabecular bypass implant in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) depending on the value pretreatment IOP and number of medications used before surgery in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) and coexisting cataract. Methods. A prospective, uncontrolled, interventional case series. 72 patients, on a mean age of 72.42 ± 9.17, were divided into two groups depending on baseline IOP: group I < 26 mmHg and group II ≥ 26 mmHg. All subjects underwent ab interno implantation of a single iStent together with cataract surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, visual field, and number and type of complications were examined before and after surgery. Postoperative patients were followed up at 1, 7, and 30 days and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. All the patients were washed out preoperatively as well as postoperatively. Results. The mean observation time was 20 months. The mean preoperative IOP was 21.03 ± 1.44 mmHg in group I and reduced to mean 15.60 ± 2.12 mmHg after operation. In group II, mean IOP reduced from 26.00 ± 0.00 to 18.56 ± 1.81 (p=0.003). Mean glaucoma medications decreased from 1.35 ± 0.65 to 0.29 ± 0.52 in group I (p<0.001) and from 2.89 ± 1.18 to 1.33 ± 1.50 in group II (p<0.001). At 24 months, medication reduction was significantly greater in group I than group II (p=0.026). Conclusions. Combined cataract surgery with implantation of iStent seems to be an effective procedure in patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma and cataract. In patients with baseline IOP < 26 mmHg, surgery reduced IOP and medication use significantly declined to 2 years, with greater reductions achieved versus patients with baseline IOP ≥ 26 mmHg. This trial is registered with NCT03807869.
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Ramdas, Yastira, Carol-Ann Benn, Alexandra Grubnik, Yasmin Mayat, and Dennis R. Holmes. "Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy Is a Safe Approach for Patients with Pacemakers: A Case Study and Literature Review." Case Reports in Oncology 13, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508946.
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Case reports detailing the effects of targeted intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) on patients with cardiac pacemakers (PMs) are rare. This growing population sub-group requiring IORT and lack of standardized guidelines necessitate more practical published research. An 81-year-old patient with clinical stage II, T1 N0 grade III, triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma and an implanted single-lead chamber PM (VVIR mode, model: Biotronik, type Effecta SR) received targeted intraoperative radiotherapy at the time of wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. It presents the shortest distance between the outer diameter of the PM and IORT applicator in literature. Target IORT was performed utilizing an Intrabeam device (50 kV, Carl Zeiss Surgical, Oberkochen, Germany). This case elucidates the successful use of targeted IORT for breast-conserving surgery in a patient with a single ipsilateral chamber VVIR mode PM. No device failure or malfunction was reported for the PM before, during, or after the procedure. These findings support the use of targeted IORT for patients diagnosed with early-stage breast carcinomas who have a PM implanted. However, further research is needed to understand the safety of other methods and devices for IORT patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.
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Eti, Z., A. Yayci, T. Umuroǧlu, F. Y. Göǧüş, and N. Bozkurt. "The Effect of Propofol and Alfentanil on the Increase in Intraocular Pressure Due to Succinylcholine and Intubation." European Journal of Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (April 2000): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210001000202.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol and alfentanil on the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to succinylcholine and intubation, in comparison with thiopental sodium and vecuronium bromide. Methods Forty patients aged 20–50 years, scheduled for elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation, were assigned to four groups of ten. General anesthesia was induced with 2.5 mg/kg propofol in Group I, 2.5 mg/kg propofol and 10 μg/kg alfentanil in Group II and 5 mg/kg thiopental in Groups III and IV; muscle relaxation was obtained with either 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine (Group I, II and III) or 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium bromide (Group IV). In all patients mean arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and IOP were recorded before (baseline) and after induction, after the muscle relaxant and after endotracheal intubation. Results Compared with their baseline values in Group I IOP decreased significantly after propofol (p<0.01) and increased significantly after intubation (p<0.01). In Group II IOP decreased significantly after propofol and alfentanyl (p<0.001), remained low after succinylcholine (p<0.01) and did not change after intubation. In Group III IOP decreased significantly after thiopental (p<0.001) and increased significantly after intubation (p<0.001). In Group IV it decreased significantly after thiopental (p<0.001), remained low after vecuronium (p<0.001) and increased significantly after intubation (p<0.05). Conclusions In all Groups, IOP did not increase significantly after succinylcholine, but only anesthesia induced with propofol and alfentanil prevented the increase in IOP due to intubation.
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Supuran, Claudiu T., Andrea Scozzafava, and Andrei Jitianu. "Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Part 541: Metal Complexes of Heterocyclic Sulfonamides: A New Class of Antiglaucoma Agents." Metal-Based Drugs 4, no. 6 (January 1, 1997): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1997.307.
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Metal complexes of heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties were recently shown to be useful as intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering agents in experimental animals, and might be developed as a novel class of antiglaucoma drugs. Here we report the synthesis of a heterocyclic sulfonamide CA inhibitor and of the metal complexes containing main group metal ions, such as Be(II), Mg(II), Al(III), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) and the new sulfonamide as well as 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide as ligands. The new complexes were characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, CA I, II and IV. Some of them (but not the parent sulfonamides) strongly lowered IOP in rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.
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Fujii, T., S. Nagai, Y. Kodera, M. Kanda, T. T. Sahin, H. Sugimoto, S. Nomoto, S. Takeda, S. Morita, and A. Nakao. "Prognostic implication of intraoperative radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.346.
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346 Background: There is no established treatment strategy for unresectable pancreatic cancer, and the prognostic effect of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is considered to be limited. Methods: We reviewed 614 surgical cases of pancreatic cancer and selected 198 cases that did not undergo pancreatectomy because of distant metastasis or locally advanced disease, at the Department of Surgery II, between July 1981 and June 2009. Liver metastasis was observed in 70 patients and peritoneal metastasis in 44. Treatment for those who were feasible consisted of IORT and/or postoperative chemotherapy. Overall survival and prognostic factors were evaluated for all patients and for each pattern of disease spread. Results: IORT was performed in 120 patients (61%), and chemotherapy was indicated in 80 (40%). Overall survival in the non-treatment group was significantly inferior to that for IORT alone and IORT plus gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy (median survival time: 3.2 months vs. 6.1 and 7.9 months; P = 0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). After multivariate analysis, IORT and GEM-based chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, P < 0.001; HR = 0.43, P < 0.001]. IORT was an independent prognostic determinant for patients with peritoneal metastasis (HR = 0.24, P = 0.011), whereas it was not for those with liver metastasis (HR = 0.78, P = 0.381). Conclusions: The prognostic value of IORT is most prominent in the peritoneal disease. IORT followed by GEM-based chemotherapy is possibly one of the most recommended treatment strategies in unresectable pancreatic cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Giordano, F., S. Brehmer, B. Mürle, G. Welzel, E. Sperk, A. Keller, Y. Abo-Madyan, et al. "PO-0632: Phase I/II Trial on Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (INTRAGO I/II)." Radiotherapy and Oncology 123 (May 2017): S330—S331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31069-1.
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Tsiropoulos, Georgios, Eleftherios Loukovitis, Spyridon N. Koronis, Georgios Sidiropoulos, Eleni Tsotridou, and Georgios Anogeianakis. "Five generations of intraocular lens power calculation formulas: a review." Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Optometry 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry111.
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Background: The effectiveness of cataract surgery depends on preoperative biometric data, including the axial length (AL), keratometric value (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the accuracy of the intraocular lens power (IOLp) calculation. Five generations of IOLp calculation formulas have been developed. This review summarizes these formulas and focuses on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each. Moreover, it compares the results of several formulas used in patients with specific characteristics.
Methods: The authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar, using keyword combinations including IOLp, formulas, AL, ACD, K, and diopters (D). Two hundred recent articles that referred to IOLp calculation formulas and their effectiveness when used preoperatively in cataract surgery were retrieved and analyzed.
Results: Each generation has advantages and disadvantages for individual patients, and the selection of the most appropriate IOL differs due to patients’ different ALs. The shorter or longer the eye is, the less accurate some formulas become. Formulas such as SRK-T, Holladay, SRK-II, Hoffer, and Binkhorst II seem to have comparable efficacy. However, studies have indicated that Hoffer is superior for short eyes. In contrast, SRK/T appears to be slightly more superior for long eyes. The fifth-generation formulas also appear to be very promising.
Conclusions: Based on the available literature, there is no gold standard as yet that can be used for all patients. Instead, each patient should be managed individually depending on their particular eye characteristics.
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Lestari, Puty, Widyandana Widyandana, and Agus Supartoto. "The pattern of increasing intraocular pressure after phakic anterior chamber intraocular Lens Implantation." Ophthalmologica Indonesiana 43, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35749/journal.v43i1.137.
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Background: Phakic intraocular lenses (IOL) are being used to correct refractive errors. We studied the pattern of increasing Intraocular Pressure (IOP) after Phakic Anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation as the risk after surgery. Methods: Sixty eyes of 30 patients were enrolled. All eyes underwent the same protocol with IOP examination before surgical procedure, and during follow up (one day after, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months) after implantation of phakic IOL anterior chamber. All results were analyzed statistically using SPSS 16 statistics software. Correlation between parameter were analyzed using the wilcoxon test.
Results: Median IOP before surgery were 14.00 mmHg (IOP), during follow up 17.00 mmHg (IOP I), 16.00 mmHg (IOP II) , 17.00 mmHg (IOP III), 15.00 mmHg (IOP IV), 15.00 mmHg (IOP V). The increasing of IOP between pre surgery and follow up a day after was found to correlate significantly (p=0.03), there were increasing of IOP after 2 weeks, a month, 2 and 3 months but no significant difference.
Conclusion: There were significant of increasing IOP before surgery compare to a day after surgery,then the pattern of increasing IOP tend to be stable. There were no significant increasing of IOP during 3 months follow up.
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Gozzi, E., and M. Reuter. "BRST quantization, IOSp(D,2|2) invariance and the PCT theorem (II)." Nuclear Physics B 325, no. 2 (October 1989): 356–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90460-4.
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Giordano, Frank Anton, Stefanie Brehmer, Bettina Muerle, Grit Welzel, Elena Sperk, Frank Schneider, Sven Clausen, et al. "Phase I/II trial on intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in glioblastoma multiforme (INTRAGO)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2016): e13503-e13503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e13503.
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Chacaltana, Flor Diana Yokoay Claros, João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto, and Ione Terezinha Denardin. "Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry." Ciência Rural 46, no. 8 (May 10, 2016): 1466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151206.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.
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Guglielmi, Alessandra, Giovanna Guidoboni, and Alon Harris. "Role of ocular perfusion pressure in glaucoma: the issue of multicollinearity in statistical regression models." Modeling and Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/maio.v1i2.35.
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Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SYS), diastolic blood pressure (DIA), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) are important factors for clinical considerations in glaucoma. The existence of linear relationships among these factors, referred to as multicollinearity in statistics, makes it difficult to determine the contribution of each factor to the overall glaucoma risk. The aim of thiswork is to describe howto account for multicollinearity when applying statistical methods to quantify glaucoma risk.Methods: Logistic regression models including multicollinear covariates are reviewed, and statistical techniques for the selection of non-redundant covariates are discussed. A meaningful statistical model including IOP, OPP and SYS as non-redundant covariates is obtained from a clinical dataset including 84 glaucoma patients and 73 healthy subjects, and is used to predict the probability that new individuals joining the study may have glaucoma, based on the values of their covariates.Results: Logistic models with satisfactory goodness-of-fit to the clinical dataset include age, gender, heart rate and either one of the following triplets as covariates: (i)(SYS, DIA, OPP); (ii) (IOP, SYS, OPP); (iii) (IOP, SYS, DIA); or (iv) (IOP, SYS, MAP). Choosing triplet (ii), higher disease probabilities are predicted for higher IOP levels. Similar predictions in terms of disease probability can be obtained for dierent combinations of OPP, SYS and IOP.Conclusion: Multicollinearity does not allow to clearly estimate the single eect of an individual covariate on the overall glaucoma risk. Instead, statistically assessing the combined eects of IOP, OPP, and blood pressure provide useful predictions of disease probability.
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Kawamura, Mariko, Yoshiyuki Itoh, Takeshi Kamomae, Masataka Sawaki, Toyone Kikumori, Nobuyuki Tsunoda, Junji Ito, Yoshie Shimoyama, Hiroko Satake, and Shinji Naganawa. "A phase I/II trial of intraoperative breast radiotherapy in an Asian population: 10-year results with critical evaluation." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rraa029.
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Abstract Although phase III trials have been published comparing whole breast irradiation (WBI) with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), long-term follow-up results are lacking. We report the 10-year follow-up results of a prospective phase I/II clinical trial of IORT. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) tumor size <2.5 cm, (ii) desire for breast-conserving surgery, (iii) age >50 years, (iv) negative margins after resection and (v) sentinel lymph node-negative disease. A single dose of IORT (19–21 Gy) was delivered to the tumor bed in the operation room just after wide local excision of the primary breast cancer using a 6–12 MeV electron beam. Local recurrence was defined as recurrence or new disease within the treated breast and was evaluated annually using mammography and ultrasonography. A total of 32 patients were eligible for evaluation. The median patient age was 65 years and the median follow-up time was 10 years. Two patients experienced local recurrence just under the nipple, out of the irradiated field, after 8 years of follow-up. Three patients had contralateral breast cancer and one patient experienced bone metastasis after 10 years of follow-up. No patient experienced in-field recurrence nor breast cancer death. Eight patients had hypertrophic scarring at the last follow-up. There were no lung or heart adverse effects. This is the first report of 10-year follow-up results of IORT as APBI. The findings suggest that breast cancer with extended intraductal components should be treated with great caution.
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McNab, Alan A., and Penny McKelvie. "IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease. Part II." Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 31, no. 3 (2015): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iop.0000000000000364.
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Markovic, Vujica, Aleksandra Radosavljevic, Dragan Vukovic, Vesna Jaksic, Marija Bozic, Ivan Marjanovic, Dejan Rasic, and Vesna Maric. "The frequency of secondary glaucoma in patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome in correlation to the presence of uveal ectropion." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 5-6 (2017): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160526042m.
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Introduction/Objective. Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome incudes 3 clinical forms: progressive iris atrophy, Chandler?s syndrome, and Cogan?Reese syndrome. It is characterized by various degrees of iris atrophy, corneal endothelial changes, uveal ectropion, corectopia, peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and secondary glaucoma. The aim of the study was to illustrate forms of ICE syndrome, determine frequency of secondary glaucoma with emphasis on cases with uveal ectropion, analyze response to medicament treatment and the need for surgical treatment in intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Methods. Patients underwent slit lamp examination, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopy, Humphrey visual field testing and Heidelberg retina tomography. Patients were divided into two groups: group I, without uveal ectropion (22 patients) and group II, with uveal ectropion (14 patients). Results. A total of 36 patients were examined in a 10-year period. The average age was 38 years, male to female ratio 1:2. Secondary glaucoma was confirmed in 26 (72.2%) patients, out of which 12 (54.5%) in group I and 14 (100%) in group II. PAS were more frequent in group II. In group I, mean initial IOP was 37 mmHg, and after medicament treatment 26 mmHg. Secondary glaucoma was controlled in 50% and remaining 50% underwent surgical treatment. In group II, mean initial IOP was 49 mmHg, and after medicament treatment 32 mmHg. All 14 patients (100%) underwent surgical treatment in order to achieve IOP control. Conclusion. ICE syndrome is a rare, progressive disease, with high incidence of secondary glaucoma, which is more frequent in cases with uveal ectropion. In these cases, medicament treatment is not effective and trabeculectomy with antimetabolite application is necessary.
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Agrawal, Ajai, Shubham Ahuja, Anupam Singh, Ramanuj Samanta, and Sanjeev Kumar Mittal. "Influence of Glycated Haemoglobin Levels on Intraocular Pressure in patients with Type –II Diabetes Mellitus." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 11, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v11i1.25412.
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Introduction: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) as compared to non-diabetic patients.
Objectives: To determine whether there is a correlation between hyperglycemic levels and intraocular pressure (IOP) and to identify patients of Type II diabetes mellitus who are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional study performed on patients with type II diabetes mellitus, at a tertiary health care center in Uttarakhand, India between July, 2018 and September, 2018. 318 eyes of 159 patients with Type2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. IOP was measured by Goldmannappla nation to no meter and central corneal thickness was measured with specula microscope in all patients, in addition to glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) and fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels. The data was analysed using SPSS 22 software.
Results: Mean IOP was found to be 15.75 ± 3.18 mm Hg in patients with HbA1c levels between 6.5%-12% (Group I) and 17.42 ± 2.67 mm Hg in patients with HbA1c levels more than 12 % (Group II). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.013). Out of 159 patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, a total of 11 patients had IOP more than 21mm Hg in one or both the eyes.
Conclusion: Hyperglycaemic levels as determined by raised HbA1c levels are associated with higher intraocular pressures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Huo, Zonghui, Da‐Lin Zhang, and John Gyakum. "The life cycle of the intense IOP‐14 storm during CASP II. Part II: Sensitivity experiments." Atmosphere-Ocean 34, no. 1 (March 1996): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1996.9649558.
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Lavaju, P., S. Shah, S. Sharma, and R. Maskey. "Diabetes Mellitus and the risk of Primary open angle glaucoma." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 9, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v9i1.17526.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Inclusion of DM as a risk factor for POAG is controversial. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether Type II (T2) DM is a risk factor for POAG and to determine central corneal thickness (CCT) in the subjects with T2DM and to examine the relationship between T2DM and intraocular pressure (IOP).Materials and methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted including 189 subjects of age > 40 years. In Group I, 113 patients diagnosed with T2DM and Group II, age and sex matched 76 subjects with POAG without DM was included. Detailed ocular examination, IOP, CCT and funduscopy evaluation was done. Results: Most of the patients were more than 60 years of age with mean age 58 ± 11 years. Male: female ratio was 1:1. POAG was seen in 27.4% of patients with T2DM. Mean IOP in T2DM was 14.67± 2.63mmHg and in non diabetic, 17.25±4.47 mmHg (p <0.00). In group I, mean CCT was 538.83± 22.7μm and in group II, 531.26 ± 20.9μm (p-0.126). There was no association between CCT and glaucoma (p=0.072, 95% CI: -0.76 –17.46). The study could not elicit an association of T2DM with glaucoma. Duration of T2DM did not affect an association between T2DM and glaucoma (p-0.757). Random blood sugar (p<0.001) and oral hypoglycemic drugs (p=0.030) showed an association with glaucoma. Conclusion: The study failed to show an association between T2DM and primary open angle glaucoma and CCT though an association seen with IOP. A larger prospective comparative study may be help in understanding this association.
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Wenz, Frederik. "TARGIT E(lderly): Prospective phase II trial of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in elderly patients with small breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.563.
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563 Background: TARGIT E is a prospective, multicentric single-arm phase II trial (NCT01299987; Neumaier et al. BMC Cancer 2012) that is based on the experimental arm of the protocol of the international randomized TARGIT A study. The trial was designed to investigate the efficiency of a risk-adapted approach consisting of a single dose of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) followed by whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) only when risk factors are present in elderly patients. Methods: Patients with low-risk breast cancer (≥70 years, cT1, cN0, cM0, invasive carcinoma of no special type) were enrolled between February 2011 and September 2014. During breast conserving surgery, a single dose of 20 Gy of low-energy IORT was given (Intrabeam, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany). Additional postoperative WBRT (46 – 50 Gy) was applied in case risk factors (larger size, other histology, free margin < 1 cm, lymphatic vessel invasion (L1), positive nodes, multifocality/multicentricity, extensive intraductal component (EIC)) were present. Systemic therapy was applied according to international standards and guidelines. The primary outcome was the local relapse rate. Discontinuation of the trial was judged to be necessary if the local relapse rates exceed 3/4/6% at 2.5/5/7.5 years. Results: A total of 541 patients were screened. Of those 474 patients were enrolled, whereas 347 (73.1%) received IORT only, 99 (10.8%) IORT plus WBRT, 22 (4.6 %) WBRT only and 7 (1.5%) surgery only with no subsequent adjuvant therapies. After a median follow-up of 3.25 years, four ipsilateral in-breast recurrences were observed (after 11, 33, 42 and 43 months) resulting in an actuarial local relapse-free survival of 99.8% after 2.5 years and 98.5% after 5 years. Conclusions: The results of the prospective TARGIT E trial consolidate earlier reports from the randomized TARGIT A trial, supporting the use of accelerated partial breast radiotherapy (APBI) in selected patients. The observed local relapse rates at 2.5 and 5 years are far below the predefined stopping rules. Clinical trial information: NCT01299987.
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Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Workineh Shibeshi, Abeba T. Giorgis, and Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom. "The Impact of Adherence and Instillation Proficiency of Topical Glaucoma Medications on Intraocular Pressure." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1683430.
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Background. The possible sequel of poorly controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) includes treatment failure, unnecessary medication use, and economic burden on patients with glaucoma. Objective. To assess the impact of adherence and instillation technique on IOP control. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 359 glaucoma patients in Menelik II Hospital from June 1 to July 31, 2015. After conducting a Q-Q analysis, multiple binary logistic analyses, linear regression analyses, and two-tailed paired t-test were conducted to compare IOP in the baseline versus current measurements. Results. Intraocular pressure was controlled in 59.6% of the patients and was relatively well controlled during the study period (mean (M) = 17.911 mmHg, standard deviation (S) = 0.323) compared to the baseline (M=20.866 mmHg, S=0.383, t (358) = −6.70, p<0.0001). A unit increase in the administration technique score resulted in a 0.272 mmHg decrease in IOP (p=0.03). Moreover, primary angle-closure glaucoma (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.347, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.144–0.836) and two medications (AOR = 1.869, 95% CI: 1.259–9.379) were factors affecting IOP. Conclusion. Good instillation technique of the medications was correlated with a reduction in IOP. Consequently, regular assessment of the instillation technique and IOP should be done for better management of the disease.
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Arrieta Rodriguez, Oscar Gerardo, Norma Hernández-Pedro, Federico Maldonado, Maritza Ramos, Masao Yamamoto-Ramos, Diego López, Francisco Lozano, et al. "Nitroglycerin (NTG) plus whole intracranial radiotherapy for brain metastases (BM) in non-small cell cancer patient (NSCLC): A randomized open label, phase II clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 9114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9114.
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9114 Background: Hypoxia has been associated with chemo-radioresistance secondary to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor induced by Hypoxia Induced Factor (HIF). Nitroglycerin (NTG) can reduce HIF-1 in cell lines, and this may have anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic, and anti-efflux effects. Particularly, EGFR mutated (EGFRm) tumor cell lines have been shown to overexpress both VEGF and HIF. In this phase II study, we evaluated the effect of transdermal NTG on intracranial objective response rate (iORR), intracranial progression-free survival (ICPFS), and overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients with BM. Methods: We performed an open-label, phase II clinical trial among ninety-six histologically confirmed NSCLC patients with BM. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive NTG plus WBRT (30 Gy in 10 fractions) or WBRT alone. iORR and ICPFS were evaluated by MRI by two independent, blinded radiologists. Nitroglycerin was administered using a transdermal 36 mg patch, which released 10 mg in 24 hours with a rest interval of 12 hours from Monday-Friday throughout WBRT administration (10 days). Results: Fifty patients were allocated to the control group, while 46 were allocated to the experimental group (NTG); among these 26 (55.3%) had EGFRm in the control group and 21 (44.7%) had EGFRm in the NTG arm. In terms of the iORR, patients in the NTG group had a significantly higher response when compared to controls (56.6% vs. 43.5%; p = 0.024). Additionally, patients who received NTG in addition to WBRT had an independently prolonged ICPFS compared with those who received WBRT alone (27.7 vs. 9.6; HR: 0.470 [95%CI: 0.24-0.89]; p = 0.021). PFS was also positively impacted (HR: 0.519 [95%CI: 0.27-0.98]; p = 0.043). The benefit in terms of iORR and ICPFS (HR: 0.38 [95%CI: 0.16-0.91]; p = 0.030) was particularly important in the EGFRm patient subgroup. No differences were observed in OS. A significantly higher rate of vomiting presented in the NTG arm of the study ( p= 0.016). Conclusions: The concurrent administration of NTG and chemo-radiotherapy improves iORR and ICPFS among NSCLC patients with BM. The benefit is particularly significant in the EGFRm patient subgroup. Clinical trial information: NCT04338867.
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Watanabe, K., and S. Shimojo. "Inhibition of Return without Visual Awareness." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0509.
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When a cue and a target are successively presented at the same location, reaction times to discriminate the location of the target are longer than when they are at different locations (inhibition of return: IOR). We found that visual awareness of the cue was not necessary for IOR to occur. Both eyes dichoptically viewed 9 × 9 scattered arrays of vertical or horizontal line segments. To avoid effects of eye dominance and binocular rivalry, cue displays were presented briefly (33, 50, or 200 ms). Three types of cue displays were randomised: (i) no cue: horizontal segments for the left (right) eye and vertical segments for the right (left) eye; subjects perceived scattered binocularly-combined crosses, (ii) binocular (fusible) cue: displays for both eyes had cue elements (a horizontal or vertical segment popping out among orthogonal background segments) and identical interocularly; subjects easily perceived the cue; (iii) dichoptic cue: displays for both eyes had cues at the same location, but all the segments were interocularly orthogonal. Here, because of the brief presentation that horizontal and vertical segments were just combined binocularly, and subjects could see only scattered crosses. Thus, they could not be aware of the cue, which exists at the monocular level. After the cue display disappeared, the target displays [same as the cue display in (ii), but with an independent location of the pop-out target] were presented (ISI=400, 800, or 1200 ms). Reaction time to discriminate location of the target was measured for three subjects who fixated on a fixation point. In our results, IOR took place in conditions (ii) and (iii). This suggests that localisation of the cue occurs without visual awareness, which then leads to IOR.
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Richards, M., and A. Trbolová. "Reference Values for the Ophthalmic Schirmer Tear Test and the Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Chinchillas." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0025.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production before and after topical anaesthesia in healthy chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Thirteen healthy non-sedated chinchillas (eight males and five females) were used in this study. The tear production was measured by the novel endodontic paper point tear test (PPTT) using Roeko Colour No. 30 Paper points. Following the PPTT, one drop of 0.4 % oxybuprokainium chloride was added to the eye to anaesthetise the cornea and the IOP was measured using the Tono-Pen Avia®Vet. Excess anaesthetic was removed from the conjunctival fornix using a sterile cotton tipped applicator and the PPTT II was performed. The PPTT I and II were measured in 26 eyes, mean ± standard deviations (SD) were 7.98 ± 1.95 mm.min−1, and 9.71 ± 3.52 mm.min−1 respectively. The IOP was measured in 20 eyes, and the mean ± SD was 28.52 ± 12.48 mmHg (35.50 ± 9.31 mmHg in males and 21.53 ± 11.57 mmHg in females). There was no significant difference in the PPTT results between the left and right eyes or between the male and female groups. The males were found to have a significantly higher IOP than females and the PPTT II was significantly greater than the PPTT I. The PPTT test proved to be effective, easy to use, and reliable, causing little apparent discomfort to the chinchillas and could prove to be a much more effective tool than the Schirmer tear test for the evaluation of the tear production in animals with small eyes and/or low aqueous tear production. The mean intraocular pressure proved to be much higher in this population of chinchillas than those previously studied and so further investigation is warranted before a reliable reference range may be produced.
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HOSHI, Suwaru, Hisato HOSOKAWA, Sadanobu INOUE, and Mutsuya MATSUBARA. "Solvent extraction of the ternary complex composed of iorn(II), 1,10-phenanthroline, and tetraiodofluorescein." Bunseki kagaku 35, no. 2 (1986): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.35.139.
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K., Yadhuraj M., Somasekharam P., Vinay D. M., and Akhil Rao U. K. "A comparative evaluation of intravenous dexmedetomidine and oral clonidine in attenuating the rise in intra ocular pressure." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 10 (September 23, 2017): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174389.
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Background: Administration of Suxamethonium, laryngoscopy and intubation is associated with rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). The need to attenuate rise in IOP is of utmost importance, especially in patients with perforating injury of the eyeball. The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of intravenous Dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/kg and oral Clonidine 3μg/kg in attenuating the rise in IOP following administration of suxamethonium, laryngoscopy and intubation.Methods: 150 patients of ASA I or II, aged between 18-60 years, who were posted for elective non-ophthalmic surgery requiring general anaesthesia were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups with 50 patients in each group. Group-D: Received 0.4μg/kg IV dexmed in 10ml sterile water, over 10 min before induction. Group-C: Received 3μg/kg oral clonidine two hours prior to surgery. Group-S: Control group.Results: IOP, MAP, and HR were recorded at baseline, before induction, after induction, 1 min, 3 min and 5 min after administration of suxamethonium. Although Suxamethonium laryngoscopy and intubation increased IOP in all the 3 groups there was significant reduced rise in IOP noted in dexmed group and clonidine group compared to study group (p= <0.001). Furthermore, patients in dexmed group had lesser rise in IOP compared to clonidine group (p= <0.001).Conclusions: We concluded that both intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/kg and oral clonidine 3μg/kg, significantly attenuated the rise in IOP associated with administration of suxamethonium, laryngoscopy and intubation. However intravenous dexmedetomidine proved better than oral clonidine in attenuating the rise in IOP.
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BHATTI, ABDUL HAMEED. "CATARACT SURGERY;." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 01 (March 10, 2008): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.01.2707.
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Objective: To compare the effects of spontaneous versus controlled ventilation on IntraocularPressure (IOP) with concomitant haemodynamic changes during cataract extraction and intraocular (IOL) implantsurgery under anaesthesia. Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted atdepartment of Anesthesiology Combined Military Hospital Jhelum Cantt from Jan 2005 to Oct 2005. Subjects andMethods: 40 ASA I and II patients of both sexes aged 40-68 years, undergoing surgical cataract extraction werestudies. In 20 patients ventilation was controlled while the other 20 patients breathed spontaneously during surgery.IOP was measured preoperatively in non-operated eye.Results: Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased below the baseline after induction of anaesthesia but it markedly increased after intubation in both group. During operation IOPdecreased more in controlled ventilation group than spontaneous ventilation group. At the end of surgery beforeextubation, IOP increased in both groups with a greater rise in spontaneous ventilation group and extubation wasfollowed by a further rise in IOP in both groups. Heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP) changes followedalmost the same pattern as IOP. Conclusion: General anaesthetics decrease IOP in general. Laryngoscopy andintubation are anaesthesia-related events, which cause rise in IOP. In appropriate patients, general anaesthesia withcontrolled ventilation is an acceptable technique for intraocular surgery offering advantages in terms of intraocularpressure and cardiovascular stability compared to spontaneous ventilation.
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BHATTACHARYA, SANJOY K., NEAL S. PEACHEY, and JOHN W. CRABB. "Cochlin and glaucoma: A mini-review." Visual Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (September 2005): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523805225099.
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Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of late onset, progressive, irreversible blindness and, although its etiology is poorly understood, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) often appears to be a contributory factor. Proteomic and Western analyses of trabecular meshwork (TM) from patients with POAG and age-matched controls originally implicated cochlin as possibly contributing to glaucoma pathogenesis. Cochlin deposits were subsequently detected in glaucomatous but not in control TM and older glaucomatous TM was found to contain higher levels of cochlin and significantly lower amounts of collagen type II. More recently, similar results were reported in DBA/2J mice, which at older ages develop elevated IOP, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, and optic nerve damage. Notably, cochlin was absent in TM from C57BL/6J, CD1, and BALBc/ByJ mice, which do not exhibit elevated IOP or glaucoma. Cochlin was found in the TM of very young DBA/2J mice, prior to elevated IOP, suggesting that over time the protein may contribute to the events leading to increased IOP and optic nerve damage. Here we review these findings and describe how future studies in DBA/2J mice can help resolve whether cochlin plays a causal role in mechanisms of POAG and elevated IOP.
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Supuran, Claudiu T., Andrea Scozzafava, Luca Menabuoni, Francesco Mincione, Fabrizio Briganti, and Giovanna Mincione. "Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Part 721 Synthesis and Antiglaucoma Properties of Metal Complexes of p-Fluorobenzolamide." Metal-Based Drugs 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1999.67.
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Metal complexes of a heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing very strong carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties, i.e., 5-(p-fluorobenzenesulfonylamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (p-fluorobenzolamide) were prepared. The new complexes contained metal ions such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II). The new compounds were characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, CA I, II and IV. Very good inhibition has been evidenced both for the parent sulfonamides as well as for the prepared complexes, against all three investigated isozymes. Some of these new complexes as well as the parent sulfonamide, strongly lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.
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Lim, Kin Sheng. "Ultrasound Cycloplasty in Glaucoma – Mechanisms of Action and their Possible Impact on Intraocular Pressure." European Ophthalmic Review 11, no. 01 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2017.11.01.35.
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Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) is a procedure based on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for refractory and non-refractory glaucoma in cases for which surgery is not suitable. UCP may bring about a reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) via multiple mechanisms of action that result in a decrease in aqueous humour production and increase in aqueous humour evacuation. UCP appears to have a favourable safety profile compared with cyclo-destructive methods, with no phthisis bulbi, no induced cataract, and no persistent hypotony. In 103 patients with refractory and non-refractory glaucoma who underwent UCP, 94 (91%) achieved an initial reduction in IOP, and in 65 patients (63.1%), treatment success was achieved whereby the IOP remained low. However, in 22 patients (21.4%), at 3 months, the IOP rose to near the original level, indicating treatment failure: ‘early failure’. In the remaining 7 patients (6.8%), a slow rise in IOP occurred over 6 months following the procedure: ‘late failure’. The differences in IOP changes in these 94 patients may be in part explained by: (i) a reduction in the uveoscleral–transscleral openings in some patients, leading to an eventual rise in the initially decreased IOP; (ii) a possible re-epithelialisation of the ciliary processes taking place in some cases; and/or (iii) that the circumference of 160° UCP treatment might not be sufficient for all patients. The first 3 months following the UCP procedure are therefore critical since treatment success or failure is determined within this timeframe.
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Ali, Amani A., Abeer M. Elnakera, and Ahmed Samir. "Effect of Two Different Doses of Gabapentin on the Intraocular Pressure and Hemodynamic Stress Responses to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation." ISRN Anesthesiology 2013 (March 5, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/698205.
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Background. The stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation causes an undesirable increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and intraocular pressure. This study was designed to compare the effect of two doses of gabapentin on the stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Patients and Methods. (ASA I and II) 60 patients, aged from 18 to 60 years undergoing elective eye surgery requiring endotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated into 3 groups, 20 patients each. 2 hours before the surgery, group I received oral placebo, and groups II and III received oral gabapentin 800 mg and 1200 mg, respectively. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured before and after induction of anesthesia, immediately after, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after intubation. Results. Gabapentin 1200 mg prevented the increase in HR, MAP, and IOP, secondary to laryngoscopy and intubation, and kept them below the baseline till 10 minutes after intubation (), while with gabapentin 800 mg, the increase in HR, MAP, and IOP was nonsignificant () and returned to levels below the baseline at 5 and 10 minutes after intubation. Conclusion. Preoperative gabapentin 1200 mg effectively prevented the stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation; meanwhile, gabapentin 800 mg only prevented significant stress response.
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Tang, Annie, Jason F. Kelly, Elizabeth Cureton, and Veronica Shim. "Patients over 65 with early breast cancer and preference for intraoperative radiation despite no survival benefit." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e12612-e12612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12612.
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e12612 Background: Patients over 65 years of age with early-stage hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer have many radiation treatment options based on the PRIME II and CALGB 9343. Our study aims to evaluate treatment preference of patients over 65 years of age when intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is offered. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted among patients over 65 years old diagnosed with early-stage HR-positive breast cancer during 2016-2019 in a single breast program in a large integrated healthcare system. At our institution, every breast cancer patient is reviewed at a weekly multi-disciplinary breast conference for IORT eligibility and tracked prospectively. All patients in this study met with breast surgeons and radiation oncologists prior to their locoregional treatment decisions. We identified patients who were offered IORT as an option. The tumor board discussion, treatment team recommendation, and the final patient decision for radiation were obtained from the chart review. Demographics including age, race, hormone therapy, and co-morbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index) were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate if any factors were associated with patients’ radiation treatment choice. Results: Among 225 patients who were over 65 with early endocrine responsive breast cancer, 63 patients met the IORT guideline (28%). Their ages ranged from 65-86 with a mean of 70.4 years. 74.6% of patients chose IORT compared with 14.3% who opted for whole breast radiation. Only 4.8% of patients chose to omit radiation after breast-conserving surgery, and 6.3% chose mastectomy. Patients who chose IORT was also more likely to take endocrine treatment (OR 4.76 CI 1.42-16.0, p = 0.01). Age, race, and co-morbidities were not associated with preference for IORT (OR 0.95 p = 0.34, OR 1.09 p 0.92, and OR 1.15 p = 0.53, respectively). Conclusions: Early-stage breast cancer patients over age 65 with HR-positive disease overwhelmingly desired radiation treatment even after being counseled that it does not confer an overall survival benefit. IORT was strongly preferred over whole breast radiation. This finding indicates that these women choose to maximize their local cancer control, regardless of its impact on overall survival, and prefer the convenience of single fraction, integrated radiation delivery. Further studies need to be completed on patient reported outcomes in this study population.
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Livas, Christos, Nikolaos Pandis, Johan Willem Booij, Demetrios J. Halazonetis, Christos Katsaros, and Yijin Ren. "Influence of unilateral maxillary first molar extraction treatment on second and third molar inclination in Class II subdivision patients." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/100414-710.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the maxillary second molar (M2) and third molar (M3) inclination following orthodontic treatment of Class II subdivision malocclusion with unilateral maxillary first molar (M1) extraction. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 21 Class II subdivision adolescents (eight boys, 13 girls; mean age, 12.8 years; standard deviation, 1.7 years) before treatment, after treatment with extraction of one maxillary first molar and Begg appliances and after at least 1.8 years in retention were retrospectively collected from a private practice. M2 and M3 inclination angles (M2/ITP, M2/IOP, M3/ITP, M3/IOP), constructed by intertuberosity (ITP) and interorbital planes (IOP), were calculated for the extracted and nonextracted segments. Random effects regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect on the molar angulation of extraction, time, and gender after adjusting for baseline measurements. Results: Time and extraction status were significant predictors for M2 angulation. M2/ITP and M2/IOP decreased by 4.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.93, 1.16; P = .001) and 3.67 (95% CI: −6.76, −0.58; P = .020) in the extraction group compared to the nonextraction group after adjusting for time and gender. The adjusted analysis showed that extraction was the only predictor for M3 angulation that reached statistical significance. M3 mesial inclination increased by 7.38° (95% CI: −11.2, −3.54; P < .001) and 7.33° (95% CI: −11.48, −3.19; P = .001). Conclusions: M2 and M3 uprighting significantly improved in the extraction side after orthodontic treatment with unilateral maxillary M1 extraction. There was a significant increase in mesial tipping of maxillary second molar crowns over time.
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Dell'Acqua, V., M. C. Leonardi, A. Morra, C. Fodor, S. Dicuonzo, R. Cambria, R. Luraschi, F. Pansini, B. A. Jereczek, and R. Orecchia. "EP-1190: Anticipated boost with IORT followed by hypofractionated wholebreast radiotherapy (AFTEREIGHT phase II study)." Radiotherapy and Oncology 111 (2014): S51—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31308-6.
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Bludau, Frederic. "Kypho-IORT: Results of Phase II-Dose Escalation Study and Clinical Results of 61 Cases." Spine Journal 15, no. 10 (October 2015): S114—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.07.082.
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Saracino, Biancamaria, Michele Gallucci, Piero De Carli, Antonella Soriani, Rocco Papalia, Simona Marzi, Valeria Landoni, et al. "Phase I-II Study of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 71, no. 4 (July 2008): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.11.076.
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Marjanovic, Ivan, Djordje Kontic, Paraskeva Hentova-Sencanic, Vujica Markovic, and Marija Bozic. "Correlation between central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in various age groups." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 5-6 (2010): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1006279m.
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Introduction The Pascal Dynamic Contour Tonometer (DCT) is an ophthalmic investigational device which directly calculates the dynamic pulsatile fluctuations in intraocular pressure (IOP) using a piezoelectric pressure sensor embedded in the devices tip. Objective The aim of this study was to compare IOP results obtained with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), and their correlation with central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients of various age groups. Methods We studied 37 patients (17 male and 20 female), divided into three age groups: younger than 40 years; 40-60 years old, and older than 60 years. In the first and second group there were patients rarely and in the third mostly diagnosed and medicamentously compensated glaucoma. In topical anesthesia, first we measured CCT, with ultrasound pachimeter, then IOP with DCT and GAT. Results Statistically significant difference between measurements of IOP with the DCT and GAT appeared in all groups: I mean diff. -1.71?}1.27 mm; p<0.0001; II mean diff. -1.19?}1.06 mm; p<0.0001; III mean diff. -1.69?}1.67 mm; p<0.0001. CCT was in indirect correlation with the values of IOP measured both with the DCT and GAT in the first and third, while it was in the direct correlation with these values in the second group. Conclusion CCT had no influence on IOP measurements both with the DCT and GAT in none of the groups. The DCT cannot replace GAT, but it is a reliable device for the measurement of IOP particularly in corneal deformations (keratoconus, after corneal refractive surgery, corneal scars, etc.). .
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Wagdy, Faried, Hisham Elsorogy, Ahmed Alnagdy, Dina Abd Elfattah, and Abd-Elmonem A. Elhesy. "An Ex-Press implant versus trabeculectomy in a fibrotic bleb with late failure after previous trabeculectomy." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.03.08.
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AIM: To compare the outcome of an Ex-Press implant and subscleral trabeculectomy (SST) in the management of glaucoma after previous trabeculectomy on a fibrotic bleb. METHODS: This randomized prospective study included 28 eyes from 28 patients (age range: 42-55y) with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) presented with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) with fibrotic bleb despite previous SST for more than 4mo. The eyes enrolled in the study were divided into two groups: group I (subjected to Ex-Press implant surgery) and group II [subjected to SST with mitomycin C (MMC)]. The follow-up continued one year after surgery to evaluate IOP, visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF), and postoperative complications. RESULTS: A significant decrease in IOP was found in both groups with a higher reduction in Ex-Press implant surgery with the mean IOP of 14.50 mm Hg (P=0.001), while the SST group recorded the mean IOP of 16.50 mm Hg (P=0.001) after one year. However, the difference between the two groups in terms of the decrease in IOP was insignificant. Fewer postoperative complications were recorded in the Ex-Press implant surgery and more cases requiring further anti-glaucomatous medications were seen in the SST group. Both groups showed stability in terms of VA and VF. CONCLUSION: Ex-Press implant surgery and SST with MMC are two surgical alternatives for controlling IOP in late failure that occurs more than 4mo after previous SST with a fibrotic bleb. However, Ex-Press shunt is a safer surgery with fewer complications.
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Maślanka, T. "Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma – Part II: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humour production." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2014-0111.
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Abstract One characteristic of the most common types of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which has a damaging effect on optic nerve axons, leading to progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, ocular hypotensive drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for glaucoma. This review article, which is the second part of a two-part series, is dedicated to autonomic drugs which lower IOP by decreasing the aqueous humour production. These agents are subdivided into two groups: β-adrenergic antagonists and selective α2-adrenergic agonists. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of action of these drugs and their effect on IOP in dogs and cats. Moreover, it discusses their possible undesirable side effects of these medications and presents the current ideas about their role and position in the medical management of glaucoma in small animals.
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Tung, Wen-Wen, and Michio Yanai. "Convective Momentum Transport Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part II: Case Studies." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59, no. 17 (September 2002): 2535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2535:cmtodt>2.0.co;2.
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Donnadille, Jér??me, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Patrick Mascart, and Dominique Lambert. "FASTEX IOP 18: A very deep tropopause fold. II: Quasi-geostrophic omega diagnoses." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 127, no. 577 (October 2001): 2269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712757704.
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Soboka, Jibat Gemida, Abeba T. Giorgis, Abiye M. Alemu, W. G. Hodge, and Karim F. Damji. "Efficacy and Safety of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty among Ethiopian Glaucoma Patients." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (September 16, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7620706.
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Background. Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a safe and effective treatment modality for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Purpose. To determine the efficacy and safety of SLT among Ethiopian patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG), and ocular hypertension (OHT). Method. A prospective, nonrandomized interventional study was conducted at Menelik II Hospital, Ethiopia. Patients on antiglaucoma medication with uncontrolled IOP and those patients treated for the first time with 360 degrees of SLT were included. Success was defined as an IOP lowering of > 20% from baseline without repeat treatment. Result. A total of 95 eyes of 61 patients with a diagnosis of OAG and OHT were enrolled. The diagnosis was POAG in 55 (57.9%) eyes, PXG in 22 (23.2%) eyes, and OHT in 18 (18.9%) eyes. Seventy (73.7%) eyes were on medications, and 25 (26.3%) eyes were treated with laser as primary therapy. The mean (SD) baseline IOP and medication were 24.3 ± 2.5 mmHg and 1.29 ± 1.01, respectively. The one-year mean (SD) IOP reduction was 6.7 ± 4.2 mmHg and medication reduction was 0.26 ± 1.34. The overall IOP reduction at 12 months was 27.6%, and the success rate was 60%. The mean IOP (SD) reduction for patients who were treated for the first time with laser and on antiglaucoma medication was 6.5 ± 3.1 mmHg and 6.8 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. Post-SLT, patients experienced transient ocular pain, brow ache, headache, and/or blurring of vision in 31.6%, anterior chamber reaction in 36.8%, and IOP spike ≥ 6 mmHg in 11.6%. Conclusion. SLT is an effective and safe treatment modality for OHT, POAG, and PXG among Ethiopian patients either as a first-line treatment or as an adjunct to topical glaucoma treatment.
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Bikbov, Mukharram M., and Ilnur I. Khusnitdinov. "The results of glaucoma drainage tube surgery in patients with diabetes." Diabetes mellitus 19, no. 3 (June 14, 2016): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm2003414-16.
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Aim. To compare the effectiveness of "Glautex" drainage and the Ahmed valve for the treatment of secondary neovascular glaucoma in patients with diabetes.Material and methods. We observed 28 eyes with neovascular glaucoma in 28 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The mean age of patients was 56.61 ± 1.43 years (range: 40–65). There were 11 males and 17 females. Patients were divided into two groups based on the drainage device used. The first group included 13 patients (13 eyes) for whom "Glautex" drainage was used, while the second group included 15 patients for whom the Ahmed valve model FP7 (New World Medical Inc., USA) was used.Results. The absolute hypotensive effect [normalization of intraocular pressure (IOP) without the use of drugs] 1 year after surgery was 46.1% (6/13) in group I and 60% (9/15) in group II. The relative hypotensive effect (normalization of IOP during treatment with glaucoma drugs) 1 year after surgery was 53.8% (7/13) in group I and 80% (12/15) in group II. Hyphema in the early postoperative period was observed in 30.7% (4/13) and 26.6% (4/15) of patients in groups I and II, respectively. Hypotension with choroid detachment was observed in 23.1% (3/13) of group I patients and 13.3% (2/15) of group II patients. Migration of the tube to the scleral layers occurred after implantation of the Ahmed valve in 6.6% (1/15) of patients.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the outcomes of surgical treatment of secondary neovascular glaucoma in patients with diabetes showed that the most effective method to lower IOP was implantation of an Ahmed valve. The valve preserved visual function during the 1-year follow-up period and resulted in failed outcomes in only 20% of patients. The hypotensive effect of sinus trabeculectomy was observed in 53.8% of patients with "Glautex" drainage. There was a progressive decrease in visual function and the need for reintervention in 46.1% of group 1 patients.
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Farías-Serratos, Brenda Minerva, Iván Lazcano, Patricia Villalobos, Veerle M. Darras, and Aurea Orozco. "Thyroid hormone deficiency during zebrafish development impairs central nervous system myelination." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): e0256207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256207.
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Thyroid hormones are messengers that bind to specific nuclear receptors and regulate a wide range of physiological processes in the early stages of vertebrate embryonic development, including neurodevelopment and myelogenesis. We here tested the effects of reduced T3 availability upon the myelination process by treating zebrafish embryos with low concentrations of iopanoic acid (IOP) to block T4 to T3 conversion. Black Gold II staining showed that T3 deficiency reduced the myelin density in the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and the spinal cord at 3 and 7 dpf. These observations were confirmed in 3 dpf mbp:egfp transgenic zebrafish, showing that the administration of IOP reduced the fluorescent signal in the brain. T3 rescue treatment restored brain myelination and reversed the changes in myelin-related gene expression induced by IOP exposure. NG2 immunostaining revealed that T3 deficiency reduced the amount of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in 3 dpf IOP-treated larvae. Altogether, the present results show that inhibition of T4 to T3 conversion results in hypomyelination, suggesting that THs are part of the key signaling molecules that control the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin synthesis from very early stages of brain development.
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Villalona-Calero, Miguel Angel, John Paul Diaz, Zuanel Diaz, Wenrui Duan, Eric Douglas Schroeder, Santiago Aparo, Troy Antony Gatcliffe, et al. "Assessment of the Fanconi anemia repair pathway as a predictor of clinical activity of pembrolizumab (PEM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.2555.
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2555 Background: Given the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in mismatch repair deficient tumors, we evaluated if homologous recombination repair deficiency associates with solid tumor response to ICI. Methods: We conducted a phase 2 trial (NCT03274661) of PEM in metastatic solid tumor patients progressing on standard of care and for whom PEM had no FDA approved indication. We evaluated a triple stain (FANCD2foci/DAPI/Ki67) immunofluorescence functional assay of the Fanconi Anemia pathway (FATSI) in treated patients’ archived tumors as a correlative biomarker. Patients with microsatellite unstable tumors were not eligible. The primary objective was objective response rate (iORR, CR+PR) by Immune Response Criteria, with the hypothesis that patients with FATSI negative tumors will have better clinical outcome. Secondary objectives were progression free survival (PFS), 6 months PFS and survival. PEM was given every 3 weeks and computed tomography scans were performed every 6 weeks. We utilized a two-stage phase II trial design to detect an iORR ≥ 20% in the whole population tested vs. the null hypothesis that the true iORR ≤5%. If ≥ 2 of the first 20 evaluable patients had an objective response the trial proceeded to full accrual of 39 evaluable patients. Outcomes were evaluated according to FATSI staining. Results: 42 patients (40 evaluable) (35F,7M; median age 62[36-83]) enrolled. Median # of prior regimens was 2[1-7]. Primary Dx included ovarian/fallopian (13), endometrial (10), colorectal (3), cervix (2), pancreatic(2), vaginal (2) and 1 each of various others. No unexpected toxicities occurred. Response evaluation showed 2 CR, 5 PR, 11 SD, 22 PD and 2 NE (iORR 18%). FATSI tumor analyses results are available in 34 patients; 25 FATSI positive, 9 negative. 2 PR, 8 SD, 14 PD, 1 NE occurred among the FATSI (+) (iORR 8%) and 2 CR, 2 PR, 2 SD, 3 PD among the FATSI (-) patients (iORR 44%). mPFS and 6m-PFS were 54 days and 12% (3/25) in FATSI (+), versus 248 days and 56% (5/9) in FATSI (-) patients; p = 0.017. Conclusions: PEM has meaningful antitumor activity in non MSI-high malignancies with no current FDA approved indications. Evaluation of FATSI as a biomarker supports a biomarker selected population approach. Clinical trial information: NCT03274661.
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Khalid, Ijaz, Shaukat, and Azka Gul. "INDIAN RESPONSE TO CHINESE STRING OF PEARLS DOCTRINE." Global Political Review 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2017(ii-i).03.
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The paper explores the origin and analysis of the so-called Beijings String of Pearls doctrine that refers to the Strait of Malacca, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, the Maldives, the Strait of Hormuz, Sudan, Kenya, Somalia and IOR. The paper further elaborated on the Indian response to the Chinese String of Pearls Doctrine by countering through Indian Act East Policy, investing in the Iranian Chabahar port and by developing Indo-Pacific alliance with Japan and the USA. This piece of the paper concluded that the Chinese investment in all these ports, islands and chokepoints are a counter strategy to the Malacca Dilemma and to ensure the Beijing Sea lanes of Communication. The study found that the Chinese never used or declared a policy statement about the String of Pearl policy and originally it was coined by the U.S. consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton and got popularity with publication in Energy Futures in Asia.
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Shim, Myoung Sup, April Nettesheim, Angela Dixon, and Paloma B. Liton. "Primary cilia and the reciprocal activation of AKT and SMAD2/3 regulate stretch-induced autophagy in trabecular meshwork cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (March 22, 2021): e2021942118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021942118.
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Activation of autophagy is one of the responses elicited by high intraocular pressure (IOP) and mechanical stretch in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. However, the mechanosensor and the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy is induced by mechanical stretch in these or other cell types is largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the mechanosensor and downstream signaling pathway that regulate cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-induced autophagy in TM cells. We report that primary cilia act as a mechanosensor for CMS-induced autophagy and identified a cross-regulatory talk between AKT1 and noncanonical SMAD2/3 signaling as critical components of primary cilia-mediated activation of autophagy by mechanical stretch. Furthermore, we demonstrated the physiological significance of our findings in ex vivo perfused eyes. Removal of primary cilia disrupted the homeostatic IOP compensatory response and prevented the increase in LC3-II protein levels in response to elevated pressure challenge, strongly supporting a role of primary cilia-mediated autophagy in regulating IOP homeostasis.