Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ionospheric physics

Academic literature on the topic 'Ionospheric physics'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ionospheric physics"

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Chernogor, L. F. "Physics of geospace storms." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no. 1 (2021): 3–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.01.003.

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A review of our knowledge about the coupling of solar-terrestrial processes, manifestations of geospace storms, and variations in space weather is presented. Space weather effects are analyzed within the system paradigm concept. The system where geospace storms occur is a Sun–interplanetary medium–magnetosphere–ionosphere–atmosphere–Earth (interior spheres) aggregate (SIMMIAE). An early twenty-first- century geospace superstorm that occurred on November 7 – 10, 2004, is examined in detail. Clustered instrument observations of this storm effects are presented. The investigation of the physical effects of geospace storms is noted to be the most important field of study in space geophysics. The problem of subsystem coupling in the SIMMIAE system during a geospace storm is interdisciplinary in nature. Its solution requires an application of the system approach. The problem has a multifactor character. The subsystem response is determined by the simultaneous (synergetic) impact of a few disturbing factors. It is important to note that the SIMMIAE is an open, nonlinear, and nonstationary system. Within it, direct coupling and feedback processes, positive and negative linkages operate. Due to the myriads of manifestations of geospace storms, because of the unique nature of each storm, the investigation of occurring physical effects is far from complete. In addition to a thorough investigation of the storm’s physical effects, there is an urgent need to model and forecast the storms adequately and in detail. The solution to these problems will facilitate the survival and steady progress of our civilization, relying more and more on new state-of-the-art technology. The more technologically reliant our society is, the more vulnerable the civilization's infrastructure to solar and geospace storm impacts becomes. A classification of geostorms based on Akasofu's epsilon parameter has been advanced. Six types of geostorm have been introduced, and a geostorm index has been suggested. A classification of ionospheric storms and disturbances based on the magnitude of variations in the peak density of the F2 layer has been suggested. Five types of the ionospheric storm have been introduced. An ionospheric index characterizing the intensity of negative and positive ionospheric storms has been suggested. A classification of ionospheric storms and disturbances based on the magnitude of variations in the lower-ionosphere electron density has been proposed. Six types of the positive ionospheric storm have been introduced. The appropriate ionospheric index has been suggested. The physics-based model of the evolution of each group of ionospheric storms and disturbances has been determined. The linkages among magnetic, ionospheric, and atmospheric storms, as well as electric field disturbances, have been shown.
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Janhunen, P. "On the possibility of using an electromagnetic ionosphere in global MHD simulations." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 4 (April 30, 1998): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0397-y.

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Abstract. Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the Earth's magnetosphere must be coupled with a dynamical ionospheric module in order to give realistic results. The usual approach is to compute the field-aligned current (FAC) from the magnetospheric MHD variables at the ionospheric boundary. The ionospheric potential is solved from an elliptic equation using the FAC as a source term. The plasma velocity at the boundary is the E × B velocity associated with the ionospheric potential. Contemporary global MHD simulations which include a serious ionospheric model use this method, which we call the electrostatic approach in this paper. We study the possibility of reversing the flow of information through the ionosphere: the magnetosphere gives the electric field to the ionosphere. The field is not necessarily electrostatic, thus we will call this scheme electromagnetic. The electric field determines the horizontal ionospheric current. The divergence of the horizontal current gives the FAC, which is used as a boundary condition for MHD equations. We derive the necessary formulas and discuss the validity of the approximations necessarily involved. It is concluded that the electromagnetic ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling scheme is a serious candidate for future global MHD simulators, although a few problem areas still remain. At minimum, it should be investigated further to discover whether there are any differences in the simulation using the electrostatic or the electromagnetic ionospheric coupling.Key words. Ionosphere · Ionosphere-magnetosphere interaction · Magnetospheric physics · Magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction · Space plasma physics · Numerical simulation studies
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Li, Minchi, Yu Liu, and Jiuhou Lei. "Design and fabrication of a magnetic filter source to produce ionospheric-like plasma." AIP Advances 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 045208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126931.

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Generation of ionospheric-like plasma is important for laboratory investigations of ionospheric physics. In this work, the design and fabrication of a magnetic filter source for the ground simulation of ionospheric-like low density plasma are presented. Four groups of permanent magnets were placed at different regions to form a magnetic filter configuration, and filaments were used to produce the low-density plasmas. Operating with adjustable plasma source conditions can generate plasmas with variable density and energy similar to those of the ionosphere, which were measured using tailor-made plasma diagnostic tools. The results indicate that homogeneous distributed low-density plasmas on the order of 105 cm−3 were produced using the plasma source. In addition, ion and electron energies that are similar to those of the actual ionosphere were also achieved. Based on the plasma source, ionospheric plasma physics can be investigated in a controlled manner in the laboratory. In addition, it can also be extended to the calibration and testing of payloads for ionospheric plasma measurement before launching.
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SOJKA, J. J. "Ionospheric Physics." Reviews of Geophysics 29, S2 (January 1991): 1166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rog.1991.29.s2.1166.

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Mitchell, C. N., I. K. Walker, S. E. Pryse, I. Kersley, I. W. McCrea, and T. B. Jones. "<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> First complementary observations by ionospheric tomography, the EISCAT Svalbard radar and the CUTLASS HF radar." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 11 (November 30, 1998): 1519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1519-2.

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Abstract. Experimental results are presented from ionospheric tomography, the EISCAT Svalbard radar and the CUTLASS HF radar. Tomographic measurements on 10 October 1996, showing a narrow, field-aligned enhancement in electron density in the post-noon sector of the dayside auroral zone, are related to a temporal increase in the plasma concentration observed by the incoherent scatter radar in the region where the HF radar indicated a low velocity sunwards convection. The results demonstrate the complementary nature of these three instruments for polar-cap ionospheric studies.Key words. Ionosphere · Auroral ionosphere · Polar ionosphere · Radio science (ionospheric physics)
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Ясюкевич, Юрий, Yury Yasyukevich, Илья Живетьев, and Ilya Zhivetiev. "Using network technology for studying the ionosphere." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 1, no. 3 (September 27, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10545.

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One of the key problems of ionosphere physics is the coupling between different ionospheric regions. We apply networks technology for studying the coupling of changing ionospheric dynamics in different regions. We used data from global ionosphere maps (GIM) of total electron content (TEC) produced by CODE for 2005–2010. Distribution of cross-correlation function maxima of TEC variations is not simple. This distribution allows us to reveal two levels of ionosphere coupling: «strong» (r&#62;0.9) and «weak» (r&#62;0.72). The ionosphere of the Arctic region upper 50° magnetic latitude is characterized by a «strong» coupling. In the Southern hemisphere, a similar region is bigger. «Weak» coupling is typical for the whole Southern hemisphere. In North America there is an area where TEC dynamics is «strongly» correlated inside and is not correlated with other ionospheric regions.
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Jee, Geonhwa. "Fundamentals of Numerical Modeling of the Mid-latitude Ionosphere." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 40, no. 1 (March 2023): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2023.40.1.11.

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The ionosphere is one of the key components of the near-Earth’s space environment and has a practical consequence to the human society as a nearest region of the space environment to the Earth. Therefore, it becomes essential to specify and forecast the state of the ionosphere using both the observations and numerical models. In particular, numerical modeling of the ionosphere is a prerequisite not only for better understanding of the physical processes occurring within the ionosphere but also for the specification and forecast of the space weather. There are several approaches for modeling the ionosphere, including data-based empirical modeling, physics-based theoretical modeling and data assimilation modeling. In this review, these three types of the ionospheric model are briefly introduced with recently available models. And among those approaches, fundamental aspects of the physics-based ionospheric model will be described using the basic equations governing the mid-latitude ionosphere. Then a numerical solution of the equations will be discussed with required boundary conditions.
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Nielsen, E., and F. Honary. "Observations of ionospheric flows and particle precipitation following a Sudden Commencement." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 8 (August 31, 2000): 908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0908-y.

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Abstract. On May 4, 1998, at 0227 UT an interplanetary shock crossed the WIND spacecraft, and half an hour later a Sudden Commencement occurred. Coinciding with the Sudden Commencement a rapid intensification of the flux of particle precipitation into the ionosphere was observed. Evidence is presented that the ionospheric electric fields were influenced by the associated dynamic variations of the ionospheric conductivities. Following the initial phase the ionospheric flow speeds increased rapidly over the next 20 min to more than 2000 m/s, in agreement with an increased effective coupling of the solar wind energy to the magnetosphere following the interplanetary shock that caused the Sudden Commencement. These strong flows were meandering in latitude, a type of plasma flow modulation that has been reported before to occur during Omega band events: a string of alternating field-aligned currents propagating eastward. The riometer absorption was found to be at a minimum in regions associated with outward directed field aligned currents. The riometer absorption regions (the regions of particle precipitation) were drifting with E × B drift speed of the ionospheric electrons.Key words: Interplanetary physics (interplanetary shocks) - Ionosphere (electric fields and currents) - Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles, precipitating)
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Trigunait, A., M. Parrot, S. Pulinets, and F. Li. "Variations of the ionospheric electron density during the Bhuj seismic event." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 12 (December 22, 2004): 4123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-4123-2004.

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Abstract. Ionospheric perturbations by natural geophysical activity, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, have been studied since the great Alaskan earthquake in 1964. Measurements made from the ground show a variation of the critical frequency of the ionosphere layers before and after the shock. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the electron density variations around the time of the Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India. Several experiments have been used to survey the ionosphere. Measurements of fluctuations in the integrated electron density or TEC (Total Electron Content) between three satellites (TOPEX-POSEIDON, SPOT2, SPOT4) and the ground have been done using the DORIS beacons. TEC has been also evaluated from a ground-based station using GPS satellites, and finally, ionospheric data from a classical ionospheric sounder located close to the earthquake epicenter are utilized. Anomalous electron density variations are detected both in day and night times before the quake. The generation mechanism of these perturbations is explained by a modification of the electric field in the global electric circuit induced during the earthquake preparation. Key words. Ionosphere (ionospheric disturbances) – Radio Science (ionospheric physics) – History of geophysics (seismology)
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Joshi, Lalit Mohan, Samireddipelle Sripathi, Muppidi Ravi Kumar, and Esfhan Alam Kherani. "Simulating the dependence of seismo-ionospheric coupling on the magnetic field inclination." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-25-2018.

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Abstract. Infrasound generated during a seismic event upon reaching the ionospheric heights possesses the ability to perturb the ionosphere. Detailed modelling investigation considering 1-D dissipative linear dynamics, however, indicates that the magnitude of ionospheric perturbation strongly depends on the magnetic field inclination. Physics-based SAMI2 model codes have been utilized to simulate the ionosphere perturbations that are generated due to the action of the vertical wind perturbations associated with the seismic infrasound. The propagation of the seismic energy and the vertical wind perturbations associated with the infrasound in the model has been considered to be symmetric about the epicentre in the north–south directions. Ionospheric response to the infrasound wind, however, has been highly asymmetric in the model simulation in the north–south directions. This strong asymmetry is related to the variation in the inclination of the Earth's magnetic field north and south of the epicentre. Ionospheric monitoring generally provides an efficient tool to infer the crustal propagation of the seismic energy. However, the results presented in this paper indicate that the mapping between the crustal process and the ionospheric response is not a linear one. These results also imply that the lithospheric behaviour during a seismic event over a wide zone in low latitudes can be estimated through ionospheric imaging only after factoring in the magnetic field geometry. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (pressure, density, and temperature) – history of geophysics (atmospheric sciences) – ionosphere (ionosphere–atmosphere interactions)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ionospheric physics"

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Dorfman, Seth E. "Intense spreading of radar echoes from ionospheric plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32897.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 41).
On December 25, 2004, a large-scale ionospheric plasma bubble was observed over Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, inducing significant range spreading on ionograms. This phenomena may be explained by means of the E x B instability and gravitational Rayleigh-Taylor instability. A derivation of the dispersion relations for X and O mode waves transmitted from an ionosonde and an analysis of the collisional Rayleigh-Taylor instability leading to an expression for the growth rate are presented as background information. Ray tracing code developed by Nathan Dalrymple, a previous graduate student of Professor Min-Chang Lee, is extended, first to draw refractive index surfaces to illustrate a key principle in ray tracing and later to simulate range spreading due to depleted ionospheric ducts [1]. Data from Arecibo incoherent scatter radar and Arecibo's CADI digisonde is examined showing strong evidence for the development of a plasma bubble following a rise in the plasma layer and the appearance of a horizontal density gradient. In one portion of the ionosphere, this gradient is found to be at an angle of approximately 70 degrees to the Earth's magnetic field, a favorable condition for the excitation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability over Arecibo.
by Seth E. Dorfman.
S.B.
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Chapagain, Narayan P. "Dynamics of Equatorial Spread F Using Ground-Based Optical and Radar Measurements." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/897.

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The Earth's equatorial ionosphere most often shows the occurrence of large plasma density and velocity fluctuations with a broad range of scale sizes and amplitudes. These night time ionospheric irregularities in the F-region are commonly referred to as equatorial spread F (ESF) or plasma bubbles (EPBs). This dissertation focuses on analysis of ground-based optical and radar measurements to investigate the development and dynamics of ESF, which can significantly disrupt radio communication and GPS navigation systems. OI (630.0 nm) airglow image data were obtained by the Utah State University all-sky CCD camera, primarily during the equinox period, from three different longitudinal sectors under similar solar flux conditions: Christmas Island in the Central Pacific Ocean, Ascension Island in South Atlantic, and Brasilia and Cariri in Brazil. Well-defined magnetic field-aligned depletions were observed from each of these sites enabling detailed measurements of their morphology and dynamics. These data have also been used to investigate day-to-day and longitudinal variations in the evolution and distribution of the plasma bubbles, and their nocturnal zonal drift velocities. In particular, comparative optical measurements at different longitudinal sectors illustrated interesting findings. During the post midnight period, the data from Christmas Island consistently showed nearly constant eastward bubble velocity at a much higher value (~80 m/s) than expected, while data from Ascension Island exhibited a most unusual shear motion of the bubble structure, up to 55 m/s, on one occasion with westward drift at low latitude and eastward at higher latitudes, evident within the field of view of the camera. In addition, long-term radar observations during 1996-2006 from Jicamarca, Peru have been used to study the climatology of post-sunset ESF irregularities. Results showed that the spread F onset times did not change much with solar flux and that their onset heights increased linearly from solar minimum to solar maximum. On average, radar plume onset occurred earlier with increasing solar flux, and plume onset and peak altitudes increased with solar activity. The F-region upward drift velocities that precede spread F onset increased from solar minimum to solar maximum, and were approximately proportional to the maximum prereversal drift peak velocities.
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Jensen, Joseph B. "The Effect of Ionospheric Conductivity on Magnetospheric Dynamics." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839528.

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The connection between ionospheric conductivity and the dynamics of the magnetosphere was investigated, using several methods to change the ionospheric conductivity and then study the resultant changes to the magnetosphere. Computer simulations of the Earth's geospace environment were utilized using OpenGGCM coupled with an ionosphere model CTIM and a ring current model RCM.

Three methods were used to modify ionospheric conductivity. The incoming particle precipitation was modified by several orders of magnitude α = .01, .1, 1, 10, the ionospheric conductivity was increased or decreased by factors β = .25, .5, 1, 2, and 4, and for the last method differing values of F10.7, 70, 110, 150, 200, and 250 were used. Each of the methods is different because F10.7 mostly affects the dayside, while precipitation mostly affects the nightside, then using the β changes the conductivity over the whole ionosphere. This gives a good range for studying the effects of ionospheric conductivity on the magnetosphere.

The magnetospheric dynamics studied are: the dayside magnetopause location, the reconnection rate of the Earth's magnetosphere, X-line formation in the magnetotail, and substorm dynamics, both the frequency and magnitude of substorm occurrence.

To understand the effect of particle precipitation on conductivity two events were simulated, a calm period on 4 May 2005 and a strong storm period on 17 March 2013. Scaling the precipitation energy flux by several orders of magnitude, conductivities in the auroral oval were influenced which, in turn, influence the cross polar cap potentials. With the change in conductance, magnetospheric convection is enhanced or reduced, and the location of the subsolar distance of the magnetopause can change by up to one R E. The investigation of the reconnection rate for the varying precipitation simulations using the Hesse-Forbes-Bern method shows that particle precipitation affects the magnetic reconnection rate in these two events. The most notable differences, up to 40\%, occur on short time scales, that is, hours. A relation for longer time scales (tens of hours) between precipitation and reconnection for these two events is more difficult to ascertain. Differences in cross polar cap potential (CPCP) and reconnection rate (R) can be explained by viscous interactions and polar cap saturation. When precipitation was decreased, polar conductance was decreased, viscous interactions are stronger, and CPCP is higher than R. For high precipitation, high conductance cases the polar cap is in the saturation regime and CPCP is lower than R. Hemispheric asymmetries were found in the cross polar cap potential and in the calculated reconnection rate derived from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The majority of this research has already been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space physics, "Particle Precipitation Effects on Convection and the Magnetic Reconnection Rate in Earth's Magnetosphere" https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024030.

For the whole ionospheric conductivity study, different values of β = .25, .5, 1, 2, 4 were used to modify the ionospheric conductivity after it had been calculated by the ionosphere model. A moderate storm period, 16 May 2011 was simulated. Many of the same conclusions found in the precipitation study were found in this study as well, such as, CPCP decreasing as conductivity increases, the point at which the polar cap saturates decreases with increasing conductivity, and reconnection rates change on short time scales, but the overall average rate remains very similar. The incoming precipitation was used to identify auroral brightening that is linked with substorms. The criteria for auroral brightenings used in this study is where the maximum precipitation increased by at least 1 mW/m2 within 20 minutes. The criteria for substorms is that the maximum precipitation increases by 80\% within 20 minutes. Identifying all the auroral brightenings and substorms showed that as conductivity increased the maximum amount of precipitation decreased, and also the number and frequency of both the substorms and auroral brightenings decreased. The occurrence of extended X-lines in the magnetotail was analyzed, where if an earthward flow of greater than 50 km/s extended for greater than 10 Re in YGSE was classified as an extended X-line. This is not to be confused with a bursty bulk flow or dipolarization front, which happen from reconnection but usually do not have a large extent in YGSE. Identifying extended X-lines in this manner showed a similar trend that as conductivity increased the number of extended X-lines decreased, and while there was not much of an indication if the size or location is affected much, the amount of time the simulation had extended X-lines present decreased.

For the F10.7 study, using values of 70, 110, 150, 200, and 250, the ionospheric conductivity was influenced mostly on the dayside. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

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Scherliess, Ludger. "Empirical Studies of Ionospheric Electric Fields." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6823.

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The first comprehensive study of equatorial- to mid-latitude ionospheric electric fields (plasma drifts) is presented, using extensive incoherent scatter radar measurements from Jicamarca, Arecibo, and Millstone Hill, and F-region ion drift meter data from the polar orbiting DE-2 satellite. Seasonal and solar cycle dependent empirical quiet-time electric field models from equatorial to mid latitudes are developed, which improve and extend existing climatological models. The signatures of electric field perturbations during geomagnetically disturbed periods, associated with changes in the high-latitude currents and the characteristics of storm-time dynamo electric fields driven by enhanced energy deposition into the high-latitude ionosphere, are studied. Analytical empirical models that describe these perturbation drifts are presented. The study provided conclusive evidence for the two basic components of ionospheric disturbance electric fields. It is shown that magnetospheric dynamo electric fields can penetrate with significant amplitudes into the equatorial- to mid-latitude ionosphere, but only for periods up to 1 hour, consistent with results from the Rice Convection Model. The storm-time wind-driven electric fields are proportional to the high-latitude energy input, vary with local time and latitude, and have largest magnitudes during nighttime. These perturbations affect differently the zonal and meridional electric field components. It is shown that equatorial zonal electric fields (vertical drifts) can be disturbed up to 30 hours after large enhancements in the high-latitude currents. These perturbation electric fields are associated with enhanced high-latitude energy deposition taking place predominantly between about 1-12 hours earlier and found to be in good agreement with the Blanc-Richmond disturbance dynamo model. A second class of perturbations occurs around midnight and in the dawn-noon sector with delays of about 18-30 hours between the equatorial- and the high-latitude disturbances , and maximizes during locally quiet geomagnetic times. The latitudinal variation of the meridional disturbance electric fields (zonal drifts) is also presented. It is shown that these perturbation electric fields are predominantly downward/equatorward at all latitudes and due to both prompt penetration and disturbance dynamo electric fields. These results are also generally consistent with predictions from global convection and disturbance dynamo models.
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De, Larquier Sebastien. "The mid-latitude ionosphere under quiet geomagnetic conditions: propagation analysis of SuperDARN radar observations from large ionospheric perturbations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24770.

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The Earth's ionosphere is a dynamic environment strongly coupled to the neutral atmosphere, magnetosphere and solar activity. In the context of this research, we restrict our interest to the mid-latitude (a.k.a., sub-auroral) ionosphere during quiet geomagnetic conditions. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is composed of more than 30 low-power High Frequency (HF, from 8-18 MHz) Doppler radars covering the sub-auroral, auroral and polar ionosphere in both hemispheres. SuperDARN radars rely on the dispersive properties of the ionosphere at HF to monitor dynamic features of the ionosphere. Though originally designed to follow auroral expansion during active periods, mid-latitude SuperDARN radars have observed ground and ionospheric scatter revealing several interesting features of the mid-latitude ionosphere during periods of moderate to low geomagnetic activity. The past 7 years' expansion of SuperDARN to mid-latitudes, combined with the recent extended solar minimum, provides large-scale continuous views of the sub-auroral ionosphere for the first time. We have leveraged these circumstances to study prominent and recurring features of the mid-latitude ionosphere under quiet geomagnetic conditions. First, we seek to establish a better model of HF propagation effects on SuperDARN observations. To do so, we developed a ray-tracing model coupled with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). This model is tested against another well established ray-tracing model, then optimized to be compared to SuperDARN observations (Chapter 2). The first prominent ionospheric feature studied is an anomaly in the standard ionospheric model of photo-ionization and recombination. This type of event provides an ideal candidate for testing the ray-tracing model and analyzing propagation effects in SuperDARN observations. The anomaly was first observed in ground backscatter occurring around sunset for the Blackstone, VA SuperDARN radar. We established that it is related to an unexpected enhancement in electron densities that leads to increased refraction of the HF signals. Using the ray-tracing, IRI model, and measurements from the Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR), we showed that this enhancement is part of a global phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere, and is possibly related to the Southern Hemisphere's Weddell Sea Anomaly. We also tested a potential mechanism involving thermospheric winds and geomagnetic field configuration which showed promising results and will require further modeling to confirm (Chapter 3). The second ionospheric feature was a type of decameter-scale irregularity associated with very low drift velocities. Previous work had established that these irregularities occur throughout the year, during nighttime, and equatorward of both the auroral regions and the plasmapause boundary. An initial analysis suggested that the Temperature Gradient Instability (TGI) was responsible for the growth of such irregularities. We first used our ray-tracing model to distinguish between HF propagation effects and irregularity occurrence in SuperDARN observations. This revealed the irregularities to be widespread within the mid-latitude ionosphere and located in the bottom-side F-region (Chapter 4). A second study using measurements from the Millstone Hill ISR revealed that TGI driven growth was possible but only in the top-side F-region ionosphere. We found that initial growth may occur primarily at larger wavelengths, with subsequent cascade to decameter-scale with coupling throughout the F-region (Chapter 5). In summary, the research conducted during this PhD program has established a robust method to analyze quiet-time SuperDARN observations. It also furthered our physical understanding of some prominent features of the mid-latitude ionosphere. It leaves behind a flexible ray-tracing model, multiple online tools to browse SuperDARN data, and a thorough and growing Space Science API providing access to multiple datasets, models and visualization tools.
Ph. D.
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Pradipta, Rezy. "Incoherent scatter radar detection of enhanced plasma line in ionospheric E-region over Arecibo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36122.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 45).
A series of incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observation were conducted at the Arecibo Observatory from December 27, 2005 until January 3, 2006. From plasma line measurements that were taken during this radar campaign, we found that plasma line enhancement was quite frequently seen in the ionospheric E-region. We hypothesized that the E-region plasma line enhancement over Arecibo was caused by precipitated electrons from the radiation belts. The precipitated electrons will enhance the population of suprathermal electrons in the E-region. Subsequently, suprathermal electrons will cause excitation of Langmuir waves that could be detected by incoherent scatter radar as plasma lines. In this thesis, we are going to examine and discuss the observed features of E-region plasma line enhancement over Arecibo to test this hypothesis. In addition, a theoretical discussion on Langmuir waves is also presented in a chapter of this thesis. Finally, we also introduce the Spread F Index (SFI) as a convenient bookkeeping method to summarize spread F condition over a certain period of time.
by Rezy Pradipta.
S.B.
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Kane, Mark Vinton. "Transient subsurface features in Mars Express radar data: an explanation based on ionospheric holes." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3477.

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This study was motivated by the discovery of semi-circular subsurface craters, or basins, at multiple locations on Mars by the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) radar sounder on board the Mars Express spacecraft. The nature of these subsurface structures was called into question when it was realized that some of the radar observations were not repeatable on subsequent passes over the same region. If they were true geological structures, such as ancient craters buried by dust, one would expect to always see them when the spacecraft passes over these regions. The transient nature of the observations led to the suggestion that these structures were actually of ionospheric origin. In this paper we will provide evidence, including a proof-of-concept result, that these features are produced by holes in the ionosphere, and not by subsurface structures. We discuss the possibility that the ionospheric holes are caused by an interaction of the ionosphere with local crustal magnetic fields. We introduce the ionospheric model which we used to simulate the MARSIS sounder moving and pulsing radio waves through the Martian ionosphere, and show that the results of ray tracing through this density profile are consistent with data seen in the MARSIS radargrams.
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Nichols, James Warren. "The design of a new far ultraviolet interferometer for ionospheric spectroscopy." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA241767.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Cleary, David D. ; Davis, D. Scott. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 2, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Ionosphere, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Interferometer. Author(s) subject terms: Ionosphere, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Interferometer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67). Also available in print.
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Subramanium, Mahesh. "A Study of the Gradient Drift Instability in the High-Latitude Ionosphere Using the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4869.

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Research over the years has established that the Gradient Drift Instability process causes small-scale irregularities, mostly along the edges of the high-latitude polar cap patches. Studying these irregularities will help in the development of a global Scale Ionospheric model, which is a central part of a global space weather forecast system. Much theoretical work has been done with varying degrees of complexity to study this instability in the high latitude patches. In this work we have used the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model to model the high-latitude patches, calculate the growth rate of the instability, and perform a macro-scale study of the phenomenon. This is the first time that real ionospheric values have been used to calculate the growth rate and to provide two-dimensional maps identifying Gradient Drift Instability-caused irregularity regions in the polar cap. Our research shows that regions of intense instability occur along the edges of the tongue of ionization and its throat regions with strong rates along the borders of the cusp region.
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Löfås, Henrik. "Ionospheric modification by powerful HF-waves : Underdense F-region heating by X-Mode." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121898.

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Observations of modifications of the electron temperature in the F-region produced by powerful high-frequency waves transmitted in X-mode are presented. The experiments were performed during quiet nighttime conditions with low ionospheric densities so no reflections occurred. Nevertheless temperature enhancements of the order of 300-400K were obtained. The modifications found can be well described by the theory of Ohmic heating by the pump wave and both temporal and spatial changes are reproduced.  A brief overview of several different experimental campaigns at EISCAT facilities in the period from October 2006 to February 2008 are also given pointing out some interesting features from the different experiments. The main focus is then on the campaign during October 2006 and modifications of the electron temperature in the F-region.
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Books on the topic "Ionospheric physics"

1

Kunitsyn, Viacheslav E. Ionospheric Tomography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003.

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D, Tereshchenko E., ed. Ionospheric tomography. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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V, Kuznet͡s︡ov V., and Vilenskiĭ Iosif Markovich, eds. Iskusstvennye kvaziperiodicheskie neodnorodnosti v nizhneĭ ionosfere. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1987.

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A, Zherebt͡s︡ov G., and Sibirskiĭ institut zemnogo magnetizma, ionosfery i rasprostranenii͡a︡ radiovoln., eds. Fizika ionosfery i rasprostranenii͡a︡ radiovoln. Moskva: "Nauka", 1987.

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A, Zherebt͡s︡ov G., and Koshelev V. V, eds. Fizika ionosfery i rasprostranenii͡a︡ radiovoln: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: "Nauka", 1990.

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6

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A sundial-atlas precursor to the TIMED mission: A quick-response global investigation into coupled lower thermospheric, ionospheric, and mesospheric physics : final report, NASA contract NASW-4755. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A sundial-atlas precursor to the TIMED mission: A quick-response global investigation into coupled lower thermospheric, ionospheric, and mesospheric physics : final report, NASA contract NASW-4755. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A sundial-atlas precursor to the TIMED mission: A quick-response global investigation into coupled lower thermospheric, ionospheric, and mesospheric physics : final report, NASA contract NASW-4755. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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9

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A sundial-atlas precursor to the TIMED mission: A quick-response global investigation into coupled lower thermospheric, ionospheric, and mesospheric physics : final report, NASA contract NASW-4755. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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10

COSPAR colloquium on Low-Latitude Ionospheric Physics (1993 Taipei, Taiwan). Low-latitude ionospheric physics: Proceedings of COSPAR Colloquium on low-latitude ionospheric physics held in Taipei, Taiwan, 9-12 November, 1993. Kidlington, Oxford, U.K: Elsevier Science, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ionospheric physics"

1

Chen, Pei-Ren. "Ionospheric Physics." In Space Science in China, 163–82. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739082-14.

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Fejer, Bela G. "Low Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics." In Key Processes in Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 145–66. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1493-3_7.

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Eves, Stuart. "Microsatellite Ionospheric Network in Orbit." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 71–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02207-9_13.

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Kunitsyn, Viacheslav E., and Evgeny D. Tereshchenko. "Diffraction Radio Tomography of Ionospheric Irregularities." In Physics of Earth and Space Environments, 129–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05221-1_5.

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Luhmann, J. G. "“Wave” analysis of venus ionospheric flux ropes." In Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, 425–32. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm058p0425.

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Friis-Christensen, E. "Terrestrial ionospheric signatures of field-aligned currents." In Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, 605–10. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm058p0605.

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Lin, Z. M., J. R. Benbrook, E. A. Bering, G. J. Byrne, E. Friis-Christensen, D. Liang, B. Liao, and J. Theall. "Observations of ionospheric flux ropes above South Pole." In Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, 581–90. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm058p0581.

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Smith, M. F., J. D. Winningham, J. A. Slavin, and M. Lockwood. "DE-2 observations of filamentary currents at ionospheric altitudes." In Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, 591–98. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm058p0591.

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Nuraeni, Fitri, La Ode M. Musafar Kilowasid, Clara Y. Yatini, Visca Wellyanita, Satriya Utama, Yoga Andrian, Teti Zubaidah, et al. "Low-Latitude Fluctuation of Ionospheric Magnetic Field Measured by LAPAN-A3 Satellite." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 55–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9768-6_5.

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Gillmor, C. Stewart. "Ionospheric and Radio Physics in Australian Science since the Early Days." In International Science and National Scientific Identity, 181–204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3786-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ionospheric physics"

1

Belakhovsky, Vladimir, Yaqi Jin, and Wojciech Miloch. "Impact of the substorms and polar cap patches on GPS radio waves at polar latitudes." In Physics of Auroral Phenomena. FRC KSC RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2588-0039.2020.43.020.

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The comparative research of the influence of substrorm precipitation and polar cap patches (PCP) on the GPS signals disturbances in the polar ionosphere was done. For this aim we use the GPS scintillation receivers at Ny-Ålesund, operated by the University of Oslo. The presence of the auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches was determined by using data from the EISCAT 42m radar on Svalbard. We consider tens of events when the simultaneous EISCAT 42m and GPS data were available. We demonstrate that substorm-associated precipitations can lead to a strong GPS phase (σΦ) scintillations up to ~2 radians which is much stronger than those usually produced by PCPs. At the same PCPs can lead to strong ROT (rate of total electron content) variations. So our observations suggest that the substorms and PCPs, being different types of the high-latitude disturbances, lead to the development of different types and scales of ionospheric irregularities.
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Zong, Q. G., B. W. Reinisch, P. Song, I. Galkin, X. J. Liu, Paul Song, John Foster, Michael Mendillo, and Dieter Bilitza. "Ionospheric Response to the Interplanetary Shock." In RADIO SOUNDING AND PLASMA PHYSICS. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2885033.

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Cherniakov, Sergei M., Semen V. Nikolashkin, and Valentina A. Tereshchenko. "Vilyuysk meteor explosion: ionospheric and geomagnetic effects in the high-latitude lower ionosphere." In XXIII International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2282360.

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Milikh, Gennady, Aram Vartanyan, Dimitris Vassiliadis, Shing F. Fung, Xi Shao, Ioannis A. Daglis, and Joseph D. Huba. "HAARP-Induced Ionospheric Ducts." In MODERN CHALLENGES IN NONLINEAR PLASMA PHYSICS: A Festschrift Honoring the Career of Dennis Papadopoulos. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3544323.

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Pitout, F. "Ionospheric Response to Flux Transfer Events at the Earth’s Magnetopause." In PLASMA PHYSICS: 11th International Congress on Plasma Physics: ICPP2002. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1594059.

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Kolesnik, A. G., and S. A. Kolesnik. "History of Tomsk Ionospheric Station development." In XXI International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2206213.

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Sivokon', Vladimir. "Ionospheric waveguide and magnetically oriented irregularities." In XXIII International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286428.

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Bazhenov, Vladislav D., Sergey N. Kolesnik, and Viktor I. Sazhin. "Estimated effect of ionospheric longitudinal horizontal electron density gradients on ionospheric delay of gnss signals." In 27th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2602970.

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Yasyukevich, Anna, and Yury Yasyukevich. "Ionospheric variations during typhoons of autumn 2016." In XXIII International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288759.

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Merino, Meyer, Juan Pablo Velasquez, and Enrique Rojas. "Computerized Tomography of Low Latitude Ionospheric Plasma." In 2017 16th Latin American Workshop on Plasma Physics (LAWPP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawpp.2017.8692189.

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Reports on the topic "Ionospheric physics"

1

Broadfoot, A. L. Student Training in Mesopheric, Ionospheric, and Thermospheric Physics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400658.

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Yizengaw, Endawoke, and Mark B. Moldwin. Understanding the Physics Behind Ionospheric and Plasmaspheric Density Irregularities by Utilizing Multi-Instrument Observations Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589381.

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Verronen, P. T:, ed. 11 th International Workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere, Book of Abstracts. Finnish Meteorological Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361577.

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The 11 th International Workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere will be held between 30 May and 3 June, 2022, at the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Helsinki, Finland. The workshop is organised by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The workshop gathers together more than 50 scientists from the EU, USA, India, Canada, Argentina, Norway, China, Switzerland, and UK. This report is the official abstract book of the workshop. The scientific topics include: ● Stratospheric and mesospheric observations ● Simulations and predictions of the stratosphere and mesosphere ● Changes in the ionosphere and thermosphere ● Dynamic, physical, chemical and radiative mechanisms ● Role of the stratosphere and mesosphere for climate The workshop is sponsored by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS).
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BARKHATOV, NIKOLAY, and SERGEY REVUNOV. A software-computational neural network tool for predicting the electromagnetic state of the polar magnetosphere, taking into account the process that simulates its slow loading by the kinetic energy of the solar wind. SIB-Expertise, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0519.07122021.

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The auroral activity indices AU, AL, AE, introduced into geophysics at the beginning of the space era, although they have certain drawbacks, are still widely used to monitor geomagnetic activity at high latitudes. The AU index reflects the intensity of the eastern electric jet, while the AL index is determined by the intensity of the western electric jet. There are many regression relationships linking the indices of magnetic activity with a wide range of phenomena observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere. These relationships determine the importance of monitoring and predicting geomagnetic activity for research in various areas of solar-terrestrial physics. The most dramatic phenomena in the magnetosphere and high-latitude ionosphere occur during periods of magnetospheric substorms, a sensitive indicator of which is the time variation and value of the AL index. Currently, AL index forecasting is carried out by various methods using both dynamic systems and artificial intelligence. Forecasting is based on the close relationship between the state of the magnetosphere and the parameters of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This application proposes an algorithm for describing the process of substorm formation using an instrument in the form of an Elman-type ANN by reconstructing the AL index using the dynamics of the new integral parameter we introduced. The use of an integral parameter at the input of the ANN makes it possible to simulate the structure and intellectual properties of the biological nervous system, since in this way an additional realization of the memory of the prehistory of the modeled process is provided.
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