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Journal articles on the topic 'Ionized media'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

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1

Abouelatta, Mohamed Anwar, and Abdelhadi R. Salama. "An Equivalent Electrode System for Efficient Charging of Filtration Media." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp646-654.

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<p>This paper concerns the influence of moving an auxiliary limiting cylinder in X-Y directions on the electrostatic field and corona onset voltage of the dual electrode system employed in the electrostatic filtration process resulting in a “Tri-electrode” system. The Tri-electrode system is applied in order to control the field around the ionized wire and on the ground plate. Accurate calculation of the electrostatic field is obtained using the charge simulation method coupled with genetic algorithms. The calculated field values are utilized in computing the corona onset voltage of the ionized electrode. Laboratory measurements of the onset voltage of the ionized electrode are applied. It is found that the limiting cylinder controls the onset voltage of the ionized wire such that the ionized wire may be in ionized or non-ionized state without changing the position of the ionized wire itself. The numerical onset voltage values agreed satisfactorily with those measured experimentally. </p>

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2

Hayakawa, K., Y. Okuno, K. Fujiwara, and Y. Shimizu. "Effect of Iodinated Contrast Media on Ionic Calcium." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500117.

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This study was conducted to characterize the alterations in serum ionized calcium induced by contrast media (CM) and to determine the cause of the change. Fresh human blood samples as well as an electrolyte solution (ES) containing 1.2 mM calcium ions were diluted with CM and alterations in ionized calcium were measured using an electrometer. The CM tested were diatrizoate, iopamidol, iohexol, ioxaglate, isotonic saline, Na2-Ca-EDTA and pure meglumine. When CM were mixed with blood, ionic CM produced a greater decrease in ionized calcium than nonionic CM or saline. When mixed with ES, a significant reduction of ionized calcium was induced by ioxaglate and diatrizoate in comparison with saline. Na2-Ca-EDTA and meglumine caused no reduction in ionized calcium. Ioxaglate and diatrizoate caused calcium binding due to anions; binding induced by the latter was more prominent than that by the former. These observations suggest that a nonionic CM is more desirable for coronary arteriography of high-risk patients.

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3

Konigl, Arieh. "Magnetic braking in weakly ionized media." Astrophysical Journal 320 (September 1987): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/165590.

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4

JOHNSON, ROBERT W. "Macroscopic electromagnetic stress tensor for ionized media." Journal of Plasma Physics 77, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237780999050x.

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AbstractFollowing the arguments presented by Mansuripur [Opt. Express, vol. 16, 2008, pp. 14821–14835], we suggest a form for the macroscopic electromagnetic stress tensor appropriate for ionized media. The generalized Lorentz force includes the effects of polarization forces as well as those on the free charge and current densities. The resulting tensor is written in terms of the fields D, B, E, and H. Its expression for a fully ionized medium subject to an external electromagnetic field is discussed, as are the plasma conservation equations. An apparatus is suggested for its experimental discrimination.

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5

Motojima, Kuniyuki, Makoto Ohki, and Shogo Kozaki. "Estimation of electron density in inhomogeneous ionized media." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 82, no. 11 (November 1999): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6424(199911)82:11<1::aid-ecja1>3.0.co;2-x.

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6

Abrosimov, I. N., N. I. Abrosimov, L. M. Makalsky, and T. Y. Fokin. "Technologies of Atmospheric Electrodynamics Based on Ionized Dispersed Media." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 91, no. 12 (December 2021): 2729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363221120501.

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7

Leprovost, Nicolas, and Eun-jin Kim. "Self-consistent Mean Field Theory in Weakly Ionized Media." Astrophysical Journal 598, no. 2 (November 21, 2003): L99—L102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/380894.

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8

van Hoof, P. A. M., J. C. Weingartner, P. G. Martin, K. Volk, and G. J. Ferland. "Grain size distributions and photoelectric heating in ionized media." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 350, no. 4 (June 2004): 1330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07734.x.

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9

Smith, Gregory N. "Proton transfer in nonpolar solvents: an approach to generate electrolytes in aprotic media." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 28 (2018): 18919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02349b.

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10

Dote, Toshihiko, and Masatoshi Shimada. "Transport Coefficients of Charged Particles in Weakly Ionized Gas Media." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 111, no. 3 (1991): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.111.3_159.

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11

Apfel’baum, M. S. "On a prebreakdown electrodynamic energy model for weakly ionized media." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 45, no. 4 (August 2009): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375509040061.

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12

Bergé, L., S. Skupin, R. Nuter, J. Kasparian, and J.-P. Wolf. "Ultrashort filaments of light in weakly ionized, optically transparent media." Reports on Progress in Physics 70, no. 10 (September 26, 2007): 1633–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/70/10/r03.

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13

Bergé, L., S. Skupin, R. Nuter, J. Kasparian, and J.-P. Wolf. "Ultrashort filaments of light in weakly ionized, optically transparent media." Reports on Progress in Physics 71, no. 10 (September 26, 2008): 109801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/71/10/109801.

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14

McDonald, I., and A. A. Zijlstra. "Globular cluster interstellar media: ionized and ejected by white dwarfs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 446, no. 3 (November 24, 2014): 2226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2202.

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15

Alamsyah, Wasfaedy, and Khumaidi Khumaidi. "Analisis Dampak Dan Keamanan Alkaline Ionized Water Terhadap Pencegahan Transmisi Covid 19 Di Kota Makassar." Patria Artha Journal of Nursing Science 6, no. 1 (December 11, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33857/jns.v6i1.521.

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Saat ini, hampir semua negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia, sedang menghadapi wabah pandemic COVID-19. Virus ini telah menginfeksi 26.437.852 orang di seluruh dunia hingga Bulan Agustus 2020. Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan termasuk wilayah dengan angka kematian dan positif COVID-19 yang tinggi yang mencapai angka 14.982 kasus dengan 406 kasus kematian. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui dampak dan keamanan Alkaline Ionized Water untuk terapi pencegahan covid 19 di Kota Makassar Metode: metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Objek penelitian adalah Masyarakat Kota Makassar yang telah mengkonsumsi Air Alkaline Ionized Water dari Bulan Maret sampai September 2020. Jumlah sampel 100 orang. Teknik sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan sebelum dan setelah dilakukan perlakuan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 78 orang (75%) responden mendapat informasi terbanyak dari teman) dan sosial media hanya 4 orang (3,8%) kemudian untuk responden dengan lama penggunaan 3 tahun untuk alkaline ionized water sebanyak 43 orang (41,3%) dan terbaru selama 1 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (20,2%) dan didapatkan seluruh responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik tentang Alkaline Ionized Water sebanyak 100 orang (100%). Kesimpulan: Alkaline Ionized Water memiliki dampak positive Terhadap Pencegahan Transmisi Covid 19 Di Kota Makassar

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16

Barbin, Nikolay M., Stanislav A. Titov, Dmitry I. Terentiev, and Anton M. Kobelev. "Computer simulation of thermal processes involving Sr and Ca radionuclides in the process of heating radioactive graphite in an air atmosphere." Nuclear Energy and Technology 9, no. 4 (December 19, 2023): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.9.116661.

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The paper presents the results from a thermodynamic analysis of the behavior of Sr and Ca radionuclides in the process of heating radioactive graphite in an air atmosphere. The TERRA software package was used for the thermodynamic analysis in a temperature range of 300 to 3600 K to determine the possible composition of the ionized, gaseous and condensed phases. It has been found that strontium is in the form of condensed SrCl2(c) and gaseous SrCl2 in a temperature range of 300 to 1600 K, and in the form of gaseous SrCl2, SrO, SrCl and Sr and ionized SrCl+, Sr+ and SrO+ when the temperature is increased from 1600 to 3600 K. Calcium is in the form of condensed CaCl2(c), CaUO4(c), CaO(c) and gaseous CaCl2 in the temperature interval between 300 and 2100 K, and in the form of gaseous Ca, CaCl and CaO and ionized Ca+, CaO+ and CaCl+ when the temperature is increased from 2100 to 3600 K. The paper determines the key reactions within individual phases and among condensed, gaseous and ionized phases. The equilibrium constants of their reactions have been calculated. Based on the results obtained, dependence plots are presented for the Sr and Ca radionuclide distribution by phases.

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17

Čerčikienė, Irena, Jolanta Jurkevičiūtė, and Dalė Židonytė. "WHAT IS ORP AND WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT IT." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/14.11.32.

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Currently in mass media and advertising we often hear about the importance of living water in human daily life. You may ask, “What is living water? Is it really living? Is it alkaline?” The importance of water to the human body can be determined by the oxidation – reduction potential (ORP) – a parameter characterizing the ability of the matter to give and connect electrons, which can be measured not only in water but also in food and in the air. Solutions, which contain negative ORP value (e.g. alkaline ionized water), are characterized by reduction features and have the ability to neutralize free radicals and stop the signs of aging. Solutions containing positive ORP value have oxidative properties, which are typical for the alkaline ionized water, which has bactericidal properties. Thus, the ionized water has two parameters: its pH and oxidation - reduction potential, which make it different from the ordinary water. Ionized water, like the raw unprocessed food, is considered to be the body rejuvenating agent. The basic principle, which should be followed, is to consume food and water, which contain the lowest possible negative ORP. The authors provide the research results, although, it is known that most of water tests are difficult to reproduce due to objective reasons, as water, with the gases dissolved in it, represents a very complicated balanced oxidation – reduction system. Oxidation reduction potentials of drinking and mineral water, as well as other beverages, have been studied, and the dynamics of these parameters in ionized water over time has been determined. Key words: acid-base balance, pH index, oxidation – reduction potential (ORP), ionized water, alkaline water, living water, catholyte, acidic water, inanimate water, anolyte.

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18

Snowdowne, K. W. "Subcontracture depolarizations increase sarcoplasmic ionized calcium in frog skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 248, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): C520—C526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.248.5.c520.

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The hypothesis that the sarcoplasmic concentration of ionized calcium (Cai) of frog skeletal muscle may control its rate of metabolism was examined by monitoring the changes in Cai due to perturbations that are known, from the work of previous investigators, to alter the rate of metabolism. Cai was measured with aequorin, which was microinjected into isolated fibers in sufficient quantity to detect basal Cai. When these fibers were exposed to 5-18 mM KCl, 75 mM RbCl2, or 100 mM CsCl2, there was an increase in the aequorin signal. The potassium-evoked increase in the aequorin signal was diminished by an increase in the extracellular concentration of Ca or by Ca-free media containing 3.6 mM Mg, Mn, Sr, or Zn but was enhanced by subcontracture concentrations of caffeine or media containing nitrate instead of chloride. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Cai may control the rate of metabolism in frog skeletal muscle fibers.

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19

Apfel’baum, M. S. "One-dimensional nonstationary calculation of prebreakdown electrodynamic characteristics of weakly ionized media." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 44, no. 3 (June 2008): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375508030058.

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20

Voit, G. Mark. "Ambient Column Densities of Highly Ionized Oxygen in Precipitation-limited Circumgalactic Media." Astrophysical Journal 880, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2bfd.

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21

Hayakawa, K., M. Mitsumori, H. Uwatoko, T. Monji, Y. Okuno, T. Torizuka, Y. Satoh, F. Tanaka, K. Kitamura, and T. Misaki. "Acute Electrolyte Disturbances in Coronary Sinus during Left Coronary Arteriography in Man." Acta Radiologica 34, no. 3 (May 1993): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519303400306.

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Electrolyte disturbances, particularly reduction of ionized calcium, induced by iodinated contrast media (CM) are important considerations in coronary arteriography. A study was conducted in 24 patients to evaluate the acute electrolyte alterations in the coronary sinus during left coronary arteriography. During left coronary arteriography, coronary sinus blood was withdrawn for measurement of electrolytes. The CM used were diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iohexol, and iopamidol. The hematocrit was decreased moderately by all 4 CM used at 5 s and returned to the control level at 15 s. The level of ionized calcium was decreased by all CM at 5 s. Prolonged reduction of ionic calcium was observed with diatrizoate and ioxaglate at 15 s. The level of potassium was almost unchanged by diatrizoate and ioxaglate in spite of hemodilution, which may lead us to a hypothesis that potassium can be released from the intracellular spaces such as red blood cells and vascular endothelial cells. Thus the depression of left ventricular function might be caused not only by reduction of ionized calcium, but also by a relative increase in the level of serum potassium.

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22

McConnon, Aili. "Improving spacecraft payload system performance through low-pressure discharge process." Scilight 2022, no. 49 (December 2, 2022): 491104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0016468.

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23

Peter, Daniel, Michael Dalmer, Alfred Lechner, Alexander M. Gigler, Robert W. Stark, and Wolfgang Bensch. "The Influence of Liquid Media on the Fracture Strength of Polysilicon Nanostructures." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.127.

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The mechanical stability of nanostructures depends on the surrounding medium. Their stability was probed by lateral force microscopy in liquid media. Previously reported data on water and isopropanol showed an increase in the fracture strength for the latter. Further tests with other alcohols (ethanol, 1-butanol) also showed an increasing strength. The interface between the liquid and the surface is the decisive factor for the influence of the media. When altering the interface with a cationic surfactant or a self-assembled monolayer, an increase of the fracture force by 100 % compared to de-ionized water could be measured.

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24

Suciu, N., C. Vamoş, H. Vereecken, K. Sabelfeld, and P. Knabner. "Itô equation model for dispersion of solutes in heterogeneous media." Journal of Numerical Analysis and Approximation Theory 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/jnaat372-895.

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Transport processes in heterogeneous media such as ionized plasmas, natural porous media, and turbulent atmosphere are often modeled as diffusion processes in random velocity fields. Using the Itô formalism, we decompose the second spatial moments of the concentration and the equivalent effective dispersion coefficients in terms corresponding to various physical factors which influence the transport. We explicitly define "ergodic'' dispersion coefficients, independent of the initial conditions and completely determined by local dispersion coefficients and velocity correlations. Ergodic coefficients govern an upscaled process which describes the transport at large tine-space scales. The non-ergodic behavior at finite times shown by numerical experiments for large initial plumes is explained by "memory terms'' accounting for correlations between initial positions and velocity fluctuations on the trajectories of the solute molecules.

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25

Hora, Heinrich. "Peierls’ dielectric response for clarification of interacting electron with laser beams." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000128.

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AbstractThe formulation of the momentum of electromagnetic radiation or photons in media is a historical question. After Peierls discussed all these options, a crucial new value for the dominating dispersion factor σ was derived for non-ionized media with the consequence that an opto-acoustic coupling exists. After the experimental confirmation of the Kapitza-Dirac effect the generalization of the effect for quantum modulation of electron beams by crossing laser beams is ascertained. The evaluation of repeated experiments of this quantum modulation is very precisely confirming by measurements that the Peierls factor σ = 1/5 is correct.

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26

D'AMBROGIO, ENOS G. "ON THE DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM FLUCTUATIONS: A STATISTICAL FIELD THEORY APPROACH." Journal of Biological Systems 08, no. 04 (December 2000): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021833900000016x.

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A theoretical study based on the application of Fokker–Planck theory to the dynamics of a cell membrane model is presented. The role and the meaning of nonlinear interaction of electric-field-sensitive channels is discussed in the framework of the coupled mode theory of weakly ionized media. A phenomenological model of Malthus-Verhulst type is derived for the size of activating channels of a single ion species.

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27

Motaln, Helena, Nina Recek, and Boris Rogelj. "Intracellular Responses Triggered by Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Plasma-Activated Media in Cancer Cells." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051336.

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Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), an ionized gas operating at room temperature, has been increasingly studied with respect to its potential use in medicine, where its beneficial effects on tumor reduction in oncology have been demonstrated. This review discusses the cellular changes appearing in cell membranes, cytoplasm, various organelles, and DNA content upon cells’ direct or indirect exposure to CAP or CAP-activated media/solutions (PAM), respectively. In addition, the CAP/PAM impact on the main cellular processes of proliferation, migration, protein degradation and various forms of cell death is addressed, especially in light of CAP use in the oncology field of plasma medicine.

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28

Nava, L., S. Recchia, S. Gabici, A. Marcowith, L. Brahimi, and V. Ptuskin. "Non-linear diffusion of cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnants – II. Hot ionized media." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 484, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 2684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz137.

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29

HASEGAWA, YOSHIYA, YASUHIRO NISHIMOTO, MASATO TANAKA, and HIROYUKI KOMURO. "200. Comparative study of various non-ionized contrast media with quantitative analysis of L.V.G." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 48, no. 8 (1992): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003500597.

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30

Sharma, Ashok K., Stephen P. Conover, and Kamalesh K. Sirkar. "Plasma Polymerized Coatings on Hollow Fiber Membranes-Applications and Their Aging Characteristics in Different Media." Membranes 12, no. 7 (June 26, 2022): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070656.

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In the past 30 years, plasma polymerization has emerged as a versatile technique for depositing ultrathin nanocoating on a variety of substrates for applications that range from providing lubricity to the substrate, protection from harsh environments, promoting adhesion, surface modification to applications of coating in ultrafiltration and gas separation membranes. Applications in the field of volatile organic compound (VOC) recovery and membrane distillation have also gained importance in recent years. Most of these applications use silicone and fluorosilicone-based plasma polymers that provide versatility, good separation characteristics, and long-term stability to the membrane. However, plasma polymers are known to age with time. The current study focuses on the aging behavior of silicone and fluorosilicone plasma polymers in different environments that include air, ionized air, heat, aqueous solutions of inorganic chemicals, as well as harsh solvents such as hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and toluene. Membrane gas permeance and gas selectivity were used to quantitatively measure the aging behavior of the coatings on gas separation membranes, while water and VOC flux were used to measure the effect of aging for membranes designed for membrane distillation and VOC separation. It was found that while all plasma polymers of this study showed changes in membrane gas permeance on exposure to air, they fundamentally retained their membrane separation characteristics in all the studied environments. Significant changes in gas permeability characteristics were observed on exposure of the membranes to organic solvents like dichloromethane, 2-propanol, hexane, and toluene, which are attributed to dimensional changes in the hollow fiber substrate rather than changes in plasma polymer characteristics. Ionized air was also found to have a significant effect on the gas permeability characteristic of the membranes, reducing the gas permeance by as much as 50% in some cases. This is attributed to accelerated oxidation and crosslinking of the polymer in ionized air. XPS studies showed an increase in the oxygen content of the polymer on aging. Differences were found in the aging behavior of polymer coatings made from different monomers with long-chain monomers such as hexamethyltrisiloxane offering more stable coatings. The cross-link density of the polymer also influenced the aging behavior, with the more cross-linked polymer showing a lesser influence on aging in a chemical environment. No significant effect of aging was found on applications of these polymer coatings in the field of membrane distillation, pervaporation, and VOC removal, and a stable performance was observed over a long period of time. It was also noted that the selection of co-monomers played a significant role in membrane distillation, with polymers forming fluoro co-monomers giving better results. The current study also demonstrated the usefulness of plasma polymers in controlling the pore size of microporous membranes that can find useful applications in bio-filtration and VOC recovery.

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31

Khurelbaatar, Tsendsuren, Je-Hoi Mun, Jaeuk Heo, Yunman Lee, and Dong-Eon Kim. "Few-Cycle, μJ-Class, Deep-UV Source from Gas Media." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 6440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146440.

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Energetic, few-fs pulses in the deep-UV region are highly desirable for exploring ultrafast processes on their natural time scales, especially in molecules. The deep-UV source can be generated from gas media irradiated with few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses via a third-order frequency conversion process, which is a perturbative mechanism in a relatively weak field regime. In this work, we demonstrate that the deep-UV generation process is significantly affected by also even higher nonlinear processes, such as the ionization depletion of gas and plasma-induced spatiotemporal distortion of propagating light. In the experiment, by optimizing the deep-UV (3.6–5.7 eV) generation efficiency, the highest deep-UV energy of 1 μJ was observed from a moderately ionized 0.8-bar Ar gas target. The observed UV spectra exhibited frequency shifts depending on the experimental conditions—gas type, gas pressure, and the gas cell location—supporting the importance of the highly nonlinear mechanisms. The experimental observations were well corroborated by numerical simulations.

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32

Aleshkevich, V. A., A. V. Grigor’ev, and N. G. Uvarov. "Role of noncompensated space charge in propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in weakly ionized media." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 73, no. 12 (December 2009): 1608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873809120144.

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33

Mitsumori, M., K. Hayakawa, T. Torizuka, Y. Okuno, T. Monji, H. Uwatoko, K. Kitamura, and M. Abe. "Ionized calcium levels in coronary sinus blood during coronary angiography: effects of four contrast media." Radiology 183, no. 1 (April 1992): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.183.1.1549664.

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34

Mouschovias, Telemachos Ch, Glenn E. Ciolek, and Scott A. Morton. "Hydromagnetic waves in weakly-ionized media - I. Basic theory, and application to interstellar molecular clouds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 415, no. 2 (June 24, 2011): 1751–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18817.x.

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35

Apfelbaum, M. S., R. A. Syrovatka, and V. I. Vladimirov. "Prebreakdown characteristics of weakly ionized liquid and gaseous media in the strongly nonuniform electric field." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 946 (January 2018): 012151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/946/1/012151.

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36

Apfelbaum, M. S., R. A. Syrovatka, and V. I. Vladimirov. "The pre-breakdown characteristics of weakly ionized media in the high non-uniform electric field." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1394 (November 2019): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1394/1/012023.

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37

Калинин, Н. В., and М. В. Тимшина. "Динамика и неравновесный ионный состав плазмы многозарядных ионов, создаваемой при взаимодействии мощного импульса лазерного излучения с цилиндрической плазменной мишенью." Письма в журнал технической физики 48, no. 6 (2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2022.06.52204.19057.

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Based on the numerical simulation results in the framework of a nonstationary one-dimensional (1D) two-temperature (2T) radiative hydrodynamic (RHD) model, the main physical processes that determine the formation of cylindrical plasma bunches with a non-equilibrium charge containing high ionized ions at laser intensity QL≤10^14 W/cm^2 and energy EL~10 J/cm are analyzed. The results of the work are devoted to the creation of active media for lasers generating in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) spectral ranges.

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38

Mital, Prem Bhushan. "Vector Kirchhoff Analysis for The Study of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas Immersed in a Plasma." Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, no. 3 (1994): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/35138.

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The radiation properties of a microstrip antenna immersed in an ionized medium have since been studied using potential function technique and linearized hydrodynamic theory. In the present paper,Vector Kirchhoff AnalySishas been used for the study of rectangular microstrip antenna immersed in a plasma media. Expressions for radiated far fields have been obtained using this analysis. The analysis is mathematically precise and is used by reasonably approximating the actual aperture field distributions. The effect of ion sheath in the vicinity of a rectangular microstrip antenna is also discussed.

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Mishinsky, Gennady V. "Magnetic Fields And High-Temperature Superconductivity In Excited Liquids. Unknown Particles." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2021.13.303.

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The article presents a number of experiments in liquid media on the transformation (transmutation) of atomic nuclei of some chemical elements into atomic nuclei of other chemical elements. In the theory of low-energy nuclear reactions, the transmutation of atomic nuclei occurs in strong magnetic fields, more than 30 T. Magnetic fields appear in ionized liquid media as a result of the unidirectional motion of an ensemble of electrons. The exchange interaction between electrons with parallel spins forms a self-consistent field in the medium, in which electrons pair into orthobosons with S = 1ћ. Orthobosons are attracted to each other and form orthoboson “solenoids” - “capsules” with strong magnetic fields inside. “Capsules” can fly out of liquid media, and then they are registered as unknown particles with strange properties. In some cases, when an electric current passes through the liquid, the electric current can be realized in the form of orthobosonic “solenoids” connected in continuous “filaments” from one electrode to another. Such “filaments” exhibit characteristics of superconductivity.

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Motojima, Kuniyuki, Makoto Ohki, Haruo Sakurai, and Shogo Kozaki. "Reflection of the transitional electromagnetic wave by inhomogeneous ionized media having a peak of electron density." International Journal of Electronics 87, no. 4 (April 2000): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072100132129.

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Foster, T., R. Kothes, and J. C. Brown. "A RELATION BETWEEN THE WARM NEUTRAL AND IONIZED MEDIA OBSERVED IN THE CANADIAN GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY." Astrophysical Journal 773, no. 1 (July 26, 2013): L11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/773/1/l11.

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Campbell, J. L., S. E. Clark, B. M. Gaensler, A. Marchal, C. L. Van Eck, A. A. Deshpande, S. J. George, et al. "A Comparison of Multiphase Magnetic Field Tracers in a High Galactic Latitude Region of the Filamentary Interstellar Medium." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac400d.

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Abstract Understanding how the Galactic magnetic field threads the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) remains a considerable challenge, as different magnetic field tracers probe dissimilar phases and field components. We search for evidence of a common magnetic field shared between the ionized and neutral ISM by comparing 1.4 GHz radio continuum polarization and H i line emission from the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array Continuum Transit Survey (GALFACTS) and Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array H i (GALFA-H i) survey, respectively. We compute the polarization gradient of the continuum emission and search for associations with diffuse/translucent H i structures. The polarization gradient is sensitive to changes in the integrated product of the thermal electron density and line-of-sight field strength (B ∥) in warm ionized gas, while narrow H i structures highlight the plane-of-sky field orientation in cold neutral gas. We identified one region in the high Galactic latitude Arecibo sky, G216+26 centered on (ℓ, b) ∼ (216°, +26°), containing filaments in the polarization gradient that are aligned with narrow H i structures roughly parallel to the Galactic plane. We present a comparison of multiphase observations and magnetic field tracers of this region, demonstrating that the warm ionized and cold neutral media are connected likely via a common magnetic field. We quantify the physical properties of a polarization gradient filament associated with Hα emission, measuring a line-of-sight field strength B ∥ = 6 ± 4 μG and a plasma beta β = 2.1 − 2.1 + 3.1 . We discuss the lack of widespread multiphase magnetic field alignments and consider whether this region is associated with a short-timescale or physically rare phenomenon. This work highlights the utility of multitracer analyses for understanding the magnetized ISM.

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Cook, Amanda M., Mohit Bhardwaj, B. M. Gaensler, Paul Scholz, Gwendolyn M. Eadie, Alex S. Hill, Victoria M. Kaspi, et al. "An FRB Sent Me a DM: Constraining the Electron Column of the Milky Way Halo with Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures from CHIME/FRB." Astrophysical Journal 946, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbbd0.

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Abstract The CHIME/FRB project has detected hundreds of fast radio bursts (FRBs), providing an unparalleled population to statistically probe the foreground media that they illuminate. One such foreground medium is the ionized halo of the Milky Way (MW). We estimate the total Galactic electron column density from FRB dispersion measures (DMs) as a function of Galactic latitude using four different estimators, including ones that assume spherical symmetry of the ionized MW halo and ones that imply more latitudinal variation in density. Our observation-based constraints of the total Galactic DM contribution for ∣b∣ ≥ 30°, depending on the Galactic latitude and selected model, span 87.8–141 pc cm−3. This constraint implies upper limits on the MW halo DM contribution that range over 52–111 pc cm−3. We discuss the viability of various gas density profiles for the MW halo that have been used to estimate the halo’s contribution to DMs of extragalactic sources. Several models overestimate the DM contribution, especially when assuming higher halo gas masses (∼3.5 × 1012 M ⊙). Some halo models predict a higher MW halo DM contribution than can be supported by our observations unless the effect of feedback is increased within them, highlighting the impact of feedback processes in galaxy formation.

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Koga, Masafumi, Yusuke Yoneda, Hikaru Sotome, and Hiroshi Miyasaka. "Direct observation of photoionization dynamics in solution phase induced by femtosecond two-photon excitation." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 09018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920509018.

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In solution phase, the solute can be photo-ionized in the lower excitation energy than its ionization potential in gas phase. Therefore, the specific interaction is expected to be exist between the surrounding media and higher excited (Sn) state of the solute. In order to elucidate such polarization effect of solvent on the photoionization process, femtosecond double-pulse excitation was applied to direct detection of low-energy photoionization dynamics of a phenylenediamine derivative in solution phase. From the results of the transient absorption change, in polar solvent, it is clearly indicated that photoionization does not proceed directly from the Sn state, but through specific intermediate state. Moreover,

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Martínez-Gómez, David, Roberto Soler, and Jaume Terradas. "Multi-fluid Approach to High-frequency Waves in Plasmas. II. Small-amplitude Regime in Partially Ionized Media." Astrophysical Journal 837, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa5eab.

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Murga, M. S., D. S. Wiebe, E. E. Sivkova, and V. V. Akimkin. "shiva: a dust destruction model." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 1 (July 13, 2019): 965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1724.

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ABSTRACTWe present a numerical tool, shiva, designed to simulate the dust destruction in warm neutral, warm ionized and hot ionized media under the influence of photo-processing, sputtering and shattering. The tool is designed primarily to study the evolution of hydrogenated amorphous carbons (HACs), but options to simulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), silicate and graphite grains are also implemented. HAC grain photo-processing includes both dehydrogenation and carbon atom loss. Dehydrogenation leads to material transformation from aliphatic to aromatic structure. Simultaneously, some other physical properties (band-gap energy, optical properties, etc.) of the material change as well. The shiva tool allows calculation of the time-dependent evolution of the dust size distribution depending on hydrogen, helium and carbon number densities and ionization state, gas temperature, radiation flux, relative gas–dust and grain–grain velocities. For HAC grains the evolution of band-gap energy distribution is also computed. We describe a dust evolution model, on which the tool relies, and present evolutionary time-scales for dust grains of different sizes depending on external conditions. This allows the user to estimate quickly the lifetime of a specific dust grain under relevant conditions. As an example of the tool usage, we demonstrate how grain properties and corresponding infrared spectra evolve in photo-dissociation regions, H ii regions and supernova remnant shocks.

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Li, Yang, Qingbin Zhang, Weiyi Hong, Shaoyi Wang, Zhe Wang, and Peixiang Lu. "Efficient generation of high beam-quality attosecond pulse with polarization-gating Bessel-Gauss beam from highly-ionized media." Optics Express 20, no. 14 (June 25, 2012): 15427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.015427.

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Sako, Masao. "Carbon‐Nitrogen‐Oxygen Line Radiation and the X‐Ray Bowen Fluorescence Mechanism in Optically Thick, Highly Ionized Media." Astrophysical Journal 594, no. 2 (September 10, 2003): 1108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/377096.

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Harfenist, EJ, MA Packham, RL Kinlough-Rathbone, M. Cattaneo, and JF Mustard. "Effect of calcium ion concentration on the ability of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor to support the ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets." Blood 70, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.3.827.827.

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Abstract To investigate the suggestion that von Willebrand factor (vWf) can substitute for fibrinogen in supporting ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets, we studied platelet reactions in two media: (1) a high calcium medium, Tyrode-albumin solution containing calcium ions in the physiological range of 2 mmol/L, and (2) a low calcium medium, modified Tyrode-albumin solution from which calcium salt was omitted (calcium ion concentration approximately 20 mumol/L). In the high calcium medium vWf even at concentrations up to six times as high as physiological, showed little or no potentiation of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, whereas fibrinogen strongly potentiated reversible aggregation without thromboxane formation or release of granule contents. In the low calcium medium, either vWf or fibrinogen supported biphasic aggregation in response to ADP, with thromboxane formation and release of granule contents. Aspirin and the thromboxane receptor blocker BM 13.177 inhibited these secondary responses to von Willebrand factor, indicating that they require thromboxane A2 formation and feedback amplification by thromboxane A2. A monoclonal antibody, 10E5, to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex inhibited both primary and secondary aggregation. Although vWf supports ADP-induced aggregation when the concentration of ionized calcium is in the micromolar range, it does not support ADP-induced aggregation in the presence of a concentration of ionized calcium in the physiological range, indicating that vWf probably cannot substitute for fibrinogen in supporting ADP- induced aggregation in vivo.

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50

Harfenist, EJ, MA Packham, RL Kinlough-Rathbone, M. Cattaneo, and JF Mustard. "Effect of calcium ion concentration on the ability of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor to support the ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets." Blood 70, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.3.827.bloodjournal703827.

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To investigate the suggestion that von Willebrand factor (vWf) can substitute for fibrinogen in supporting ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets, we studied platelet reactions in two media: (1) a high calcium medium, Tyrode-albumin solution containing calcium ions in the physiological range of 2 mmol/L, and (2) a low calcium medium, modified Tyrode-albumin solution from which calcium salt was omitted (calcium ion concentration approximately 20 mumol/L). In the high calcium medium vWf even at concentrations up to six times as high as physiological, showed little or no potentiation of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, whereas fibrinogen strongly potentiated reversible aggregation without thromboxane formation or release of granule contents. In the low calcium medium, either vWf or fibrinogen supported biphasic aggregation in response to ADP, with thromboxane formation and release of granule contents. Aspirin and the thromboxane receptor blocker BM 13.177 inhibited these secondary responses to von Willebrand factor, indicating that they require thromboxane A2 formation and feedback amplification by thromboxane A2. A monoclonal antibody, 10E5, to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex inhibited both primary and secondary aggregation. Although vWf supports ADP-induced aggregation when the concentration of ionized calcium is in the micromolar range, it does not support ADP-induced aggregation in the presence of a concentration of ionized calcium in the physiological range, indicating that vWf probably cannot substitute for fibrinogen in supporting ADP- induced aggregation in vivo.

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