Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ionic strength

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ionic strength'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 January 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ionic strength"

1

Kreusser, Jannette, Fabian Jirasek, and Hans Hasse. "Influence of Salts on the Adsorption of Lysozyme on a Mixed-Mode Resin." Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (January 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681348.

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Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), which combines features of ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), is an interesting method for protein separation and purification. The design of MMC processes is challenging as adsorption equilibria are influenced by many parameters, including ionic strength and the presence of different salts in solution. Systematic studies on the influence of those parameters in MMC are rare. Therefore, in the present work, the influence of four salts, namely, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate, on the adsorption of lysozyme on the mixed-mode resin Toyopearl MX-Trp-650M at pH 7.0 and 25°C was studied systematically in equilibrium adsorption experiments for ionic strengths between 0 mM and 3000 mM. For all salts, a noticeable adsorption strength was observed over the entire range of studied ionic strengths. An exponential decay of the loading of the resin with increasing ionic strength was found until approx. 1000 mM. For higher ionic strengths, the loading was found to be practically independent of the ionic strength. At constant ionic strength, the highest lysozyme loadings were observed for ammonium sulfate, the lowest for sodium chloride. A mathematical model was developed that correctly describes the influence of the ionic strength as well as the influence of the studied salts. The model is the first that enables the prediction of adsorption isotherms of proteins on mixed-mode resins in a wide range of technically interesting conditions, accounting for the influence of the ionic strength and four salts of practical relevance.
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Pham, T. V., and K. C. Westaway. "Solvent effects on nucleophilic substitution reactions. III. The effect of adding an inert salt on the structure of the SN2 transition state." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 2528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-283.

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The nitrogen and secondary α-hydrogen–deuterium kinetic isotope effects found for the SN2 reaction between thiophenoxide ion and benzyldimethylphenylammonium ion at different ionic strengths in DMF at 0 °C indicate that the structure of the transition state changes markedly with the ionic strength of the reaction mixture. In fact, a more reactant-like, more ionic, transition state is found at the higher ionic strength. This presumably occurs because a more ionic transition state is more stable in the more ionic solvent. Key words: transition state, ionic strength, secondary α deuterium kinetic isotope effects, nitrogen isotope effects, SN2.
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Dolling, PJ, and GSP Ritchie. "Estimates of soil solution ionic strength and the determination of pH in West Australian soils." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850309.

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The average ionic strength of 20 West Australian soils was found to be 0.0048. The effects of three electrolytes (deionized water, CaCl2 and KNO3), three ionic strengths (0.03, 0.005 and soil ionic strength at field capacity, Is) and two soil liquid ratios (1:5 and 1:10) on the pH of 15 soils were investigated. pH measurements in solutions of ionic strength 0.005 differed the least from measurements made at Is. The differences that occurred in comparisons with distilled water or CaCl2 of ionic strength 0.03 (0.01 M) were much greater (20.4 pH units). An extractant with an ionic strength of 0.005 may provide a more realistic measure of pH in the field than distilled water or 0.01 M CaCl2 for West Australian soils.
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Altamash, Tausif, Wesam Ahmed, Saad Rasool, and Kabir H. Biswas. "Intracellular Ionic Strength Sensing Using NanoLuc." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020677.

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Intracellular ionic strength regulates myriad cellular processes that are fundamental to cellular survival and proliferation, including protein activity, aggregation, phase separation, and cell volume. It could be altered by changes in the activity of cellular signaling pathways, such as those that impact the activity of membrane-localized ion channels or by alterations in the microenvironmental osmolarity. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of sensitive tools for real-time monitoring of intracellular ionic strength. Here, we developed a bioluminescence-based intracellular ionic strength sensing strategy using the Nano Luciferase (NanoLuc) protein that has gained tremendous utility due to its high, long-lived bioluminescence output and thermal stability. Biochemical experiments using a recombinantly purified protein showed that NanoLuc bioluminescence is dependent on the ionic strength of the reaction buffer for a wide range of ionic strength conditions. Importantly, the decrease in the NanoLuc activity observed at higher ionic strengths could be reversed by decreasing the ionic strength of the reaction, thus making it suitable for sensing intracellular ionic strength alterations. Finally, we used an mNeonGreen–NanoLuc fusion protein to successfully monitor ionic strength alterations in a ratiometric manner through independent fluorescence and bioluminescence measurements in cell lysates and live cells. We envisage that the biosensing strategy developed here for detecting alterations in intracellular ionic strength will be applicable in a wide range of experiments, including high throughput cellular signaling, ion channel functional genomics, and drug discovery.
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Dickhout, Janneke, Rob Lammertink, and Wiebe de Vos. "Membrane Filtration of Anionic Surfactant Stabilized Emulsions: Effect of Ionic Strength on Fouling and Droplet Adhesion." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010009.

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Membranes hold great potential to be used for the successful treatment of oily waste water, but membrane fouling leads to substantial decreases in performance. Here we study the impact of ionic strength on membrane fouling from an emulsion stabilized by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS). For this we use a unique combinatorial approach where droplet adhesion to a cellulose surface in a flow cell is compared to membrane fouling (flux decline) on a cellulose membrane. In the initial membrane fouling stages droplet adhesion dominates. While the flow cell demonstrates a high number of droplets adhering especially at high ionic strengths (100 mM NaCl), the strongest flux decline is observed at intermediate (10 mM NaCl) ionic strength. This suggests that the fouling mechanism must be different, with pore blocking expecting to dominate at intermediate ionic strength. At the later fouling stages the porosity of the cake layer plays a key role in the flux reduction. At low ionic strength, oil droplets repel each other strongly and an open, more permeable, cake layer is formed. However at higher ionic strength, a screening of charge interactions leads to a lower porosity and thereby a lower flux. This leads to a clear trend: with a higher ionic strength a higher flux decline is observed. Flux recovery is high at all ionic strengths, in line with the observation in the flow cell that oil droplets can easily be sheared of a cellulose surface at all ionic strengths. This work thus highlights the critical effect of the ionic strength on membrane fouling by anionically stabilized emulsions. Moreover it shows how the use of an optical flow cell can provide key insights to help explain observations in more standard membrane fouling experiments.
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Borah, Priyanka, and Venkata S. K. Mattaparthi. "Effect of Ionic Strength on the Aggregation Propensity of Aβ1-42 Peptide: An In-silico Study." Current Chemical Biology 14, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796814999200818103157.

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Background: Aggregation of misfolded proteins under stress conditions in the cell might lead to several neurodegenerative disorders. Amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) peptide, the causative agent of Alzheimer’s disease, has the propensity to fold into β-sheets under stress, forming aggregated amyloid plaques. This is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, mutation of residues, and ionic strength of the solution. There are several studies that have highlighted the importance of ionic strength in affecting the folding and aggregation propensity of Aβ1-42 peptide. Objective: To understand the effect of ionic strength of the solution on the aggregation propensity of Aβ1-42 peptide, using computational approaches. Materials and Methods: In this study, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on Aβ1-42 peptide monomer placed in (i) 0 M, (ii) 0.15 M, and (iii) 0.30 M concentration of NaCl solution. To prepare the input files for the MD simulations, we have used the Amberff99SB force field. The conformational dynamics of Aβ1-42 peptide monomer in different ionic strengths of the solutions were illustrated from the analysis of the corresponding MD trajectory using the CPPtraj tool. Results: From the MD trajectory analysis, we observe that with an increase in the ionic strength of the solution, Aβ1-42 peptide monomer shows a lesser tendency to undergo aggregation. From RMSD and SASA analysis, we noticed that Aβ1-42 peptide monomer undergoes a rapid change in conformation with an increase in the ionic strength of the solution. In addition, from the radius of gyration (Rg) analysis, we observed Aβ1-42 peptide monomer to be more compact at moderate ionic strength of the solution. Aβ1-42 peptide was also found to hold its helical secondary structure at moderate and higher ionic strengths of the solution. The diffusion coefficient of Aβ1-42 peptide monomer was also found to vary with the ionic strength of the solution. We observed a relatively higher diffusion coefficient value for Aβ1-42 peptide at moderate ionic strength of the solution. Conclusion: Our findings from this computational study highlight the marked effect of ionic strength of the solution on the conformational dynamics and aggregation propensity of Aβ1-42 peptide monomer.
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Kosmulski, Marek, and Jarl B. Rosenholm. "High ionic strength electrokinetics." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 112, no. 1-3 (December 2004): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2004.09.005.

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Bucko, Sandra, Jaroslav Katona, Ljiljana Popovic, Zuzana Vastag, and Lidija Petrovic. "Functional properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed protein isolate and hydrolysate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 1 (2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150615081b.

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Pumpkin seed protein isolate (PSPI) was enzymatically hydrolysed by pepsin to obtain pumpkin seed protein hydrolysate, PSPH. Investigation on solubility, interfacial and emulsifying properties of both PSPI and PSPH was conducted under different conditions of pH (3-8) and ionic strength (0-1 mol/dm3 NaCl). PSPI had the lowest solubility, i.e. isoelectric point (pI), at pH 5. PSPH had higher solubility than PSPI over whole range of pH and ionic strengths tested. Decrease in surface and interfacial tension evidenced that both PSPI and PSPH adsorb at air/protein solution and oil/protein solution interface. Emulsions (20 % oil in water) stabilized by 1 g/100cm3 PSPI or PSPH solution were prepared at pH 3, 5 and 8 and ionic strength of 0 and 0.5 mol/dm3 NaCl. PSPH stabilized emulsions from coalescence at all pH and ionic strengths tested. PSPI was able to stabilize emulsions at pH 3 and 0 mol/dm3 NaCl, and at pH 8 regardless of ionic strength, while emulsions at pH 5 and both 0 and 0.5 mol/dm3 NaCl and at pH 3 when ionic strength was increased separated to oil and serum layer immediately after preparation. All emulsions were susceptible to creaming instability.
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Manono, Malibongwe, Kirsten Corin, and Jenny Wiese. "The Effect of the Ionic Strength of Process Water on the Interaction of Talc and CMC: Implications of Recirculated Water on Floatable Gangue Depression." Minerals 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040231.

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Previous studies speculate that hydroxo species present in flotation pulps at pH > 9, particularly those of polyvalent cations, selectively adsorb onto gangue minerals. Such species supposedly enhance the depressive action of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto gangue via an acid-base interaction between the positively charged mineral surface and the negatively charged CMC molecule. Thus, the hydrophilicity of gangue minerals is enhanced, preventing the dilution of the concentrate. However, as there is little evidence to support these claims for complex process waters of increasing ionic strength, it is important to investigate. Adsorption data and mineral surface charge analyses provide a fundamental understanding of how electrolytes and their ionic strengths affect gangue mineral-depressant adsorption. It is strongly anticipated that decoupling these effects will allow process operators to tailor their process water quality needs towards best flotation operating regimes and, in the long run, effect closed water circuits. Thus, using talc as a proxy for naturally floatable gangue common in sulfidic Cu–Ni–PGM ores, this work investigates the influence of the ionic strength of process water on the adsorption of CMC onto talc for a perspective on how saline water in sulfidic ores would affect the behavior and therefore management of floatable gangue. In the presence of CMC, the microflotation results showed that the rate of talc recovery decreased with increasing ionic strength of process water. Increases in ionic strength resulted in an increase in the adsorption of CMC onto talc. Talc particles proved to have been more coagulated at higher ionic strength since the settling time decreased with increasing ionic strength. Furthermore, the zeta potential of talc particles became less negative at higher ionic strengths of process water. It is thus proposed that increases in the ionic strength of process water increased the zeta potential of talc particles, enhancing the adsorption of CMC onto talc. This in turn created a more coagulated nature on talc particles, increasing their hydrophilicity and thereby retarding floatability.
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Sundman, Ola, Per Persson, and Lars-Olof Öhman. "Comparison between specific surface complexation and Donnan ion-exchange models for describing the adsorption of cations on kraft fibres – literature evidence and EXAFS study of Cu(II) binding." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2010-25-02-p178-184.

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Abstract A compilation of the applied experimental conditions when studying metal ion adsorption onto kraft fibres, and the resulting conclusion, revealed that the ionic strength conditions used during the experiments were an important dividing factor. At low ionic strengths, the conclusion has regularly been that the Donnan ion-exchange model could correctly predict the adsorption while, at higher ionic strengths, it has often been concluded that the formation of specific metal-ion fibre complexes must be assumed. To study this apparent influence from the presence of monovalent sodium ions, Cu K-edge EXAFS spectra of Cu2+ ions adsorbed to kraft fibres were collected in media of “0” to 100 mM NaCl. Combined with previous data, these measurements confirmed that at very low ionic strength, the importance of specific interactions between the chemically modified cellulose fibres and the Cu(II) ions significantly decreased. For a detailed description of the adsorption phenomenon, both types of interactions must be considered simultaneously. For most technical and engineering applications, however, the Donnan model can be used at low ionic strength conditions, i.e. I ≲ 10 mM. At higher ionic strengths, though, the inclusion of specific complexes in the model is necessary for correctly describing the adsorption of di- and trivalent cations with strong complex forming properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ionic strength"

1

Beriet, Carine. "Microelectrode studies in low ionic strength media." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241602.

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Blair, Laura May. "Optimizing growth in low ionic strength solutions and the ameliorative effects of increased ionic strength on copper toxicity in Triticum aestivum (wheat) /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22574.pdf.

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Weidgans, Bernhard M. "New fluorescent optical pH sensors with minimal effects of ionic strength." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97274679X.

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Marcera, Donna M. "Conformational studies of carboxymethylcellulose in aqueous saline solutions as a function of ionic strength /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10684.

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Deeyaa, Blessing D. "DNA Photocleavage by 9-Aminomethylanthracene Dyes at pH 7.0: Ionic Strength Effects." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/39.

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DNA photosensitizers are compounds that are capable of binding in to DNA strands through groove binding, intercalation, or electrostatic interactions. Excitation of these agents by light generates reactive oxygen species which causes extensive photo-oxidative damage to genomic DNA. Physiological concentrations of NaCl and KCl are ~ 150 mM and 260 mM within the cell nucleus where DNA is contained. Unfortunately, the ability of most photosensitizers to bind to double-helical DNA is reduced and photocleavage yields are diminished as concentrations of salt increase. The aim of this project is to observe the photocleavage of pUC19 plasmid DNA induced by N1,N1-bis(9-anthrymethyl)triethylenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride (AL-VIII 23) 1 or N,N-dimethyl-N’-(9-methylanthracenyl)ethylenediamine (NMEA) 2 in presence of salt. Spectroscopic titrations and DNA melting assays were used to study binding modes and affinities of both dyes to the helix upon the addition of salt.
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He, Yongtian. "Chromate reduction and immobilization under high pH and high ionic strength conditions." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1047476794.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 219 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Samuel J. Traina, Environmental Science Graduate Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-219).
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Carvajal-Figueroa, Maria Teresa 1959. "Solubility of quinoline in aqueous systems: Effect of pH and ionic strength." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291584.

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Nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds are commonly found in gas waste and coal cleaning residue. Within this general compound class, quinoline is especially important because it has the potential to induce liver carcinoma and it also has a high solubility in water. The pH-solubility profile of quinoline was determined in citrate-phosphate buffer at different ionic strengths. The pKa was observed to change with ionic strength. The intrinsic solubility is always reported as a constant. However, in this study the intrinsic solubility was observed to vary with ionic strength. The solubility of quinoline is dependent on pH as well as the ionic strength. At pH values lower than the pKa (4.96), quinoline is in the protonated form (QH⁺), and enhanced solubility was observed. At pH values higher than the pKa, quinoline is in the neutral form (Q) which is the form that determines intrinsic solubility (So). So decreased with increasing ionic strength. This observation can be explained as a salting out effect. From the solubility data the apparent ionization constant, pKa, of quinoline was obtained for the different systems.
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Patterson, Adele. "Retention properties of porous graphite." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342124.

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Hossain, Mohammad Moshin. "Effects of HCO3- and ionic strength on the oxidation and dissolution of UO2." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4172.

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The kinetics for radiation induced dissolution of spent nuclear fuel is a key issue in the safety assessment of a future deep repository. Spent nuclear fuel mainly consists of UO2 and therefore the release of radionuclides (fission products and actinides) is assumed to be governed by the oxidation and subsequent dissolution of the UO2 matrix. The process is influenced by the dose rate in the surrounding groundwater (a function of fuel age and burn up) and on the groundwater composition. In this licentiate thesis the effects of HCO3- (a strong complexing agent for UO22+) and ionic strength on the kinetics of UO2 oxidation and dissolution of oxidized UO2 have been studied experimentally.

The experiments were performed using aqueous UO2 particle suspensions where the oxidant concentration was monitored as a function of reaction time. These reaction systems frequently display first order kinetics. Second order rate constants were obtained by varying the solid UO2 surface area to solution volume ratio and plotting the resulting pseudo first order rate constants against the surface area to solution volume ratio. The oxidants used were H2O2 (the most important oxidant under deep repository conditions), MnO4- and IrCl62-. The kinetics was studied as a function of HCO3- concentration and ionic strength (using NaCl and Na2SO4 as electrolytes).

The rate constant for the reaction between H2O2 and UO2 was found to increase linearly with the HCO3- concentration in the range 0-1 mM. Above 1 mM the rate constant is independent of the HCO3- concentration. The HCO3- concentration independent rate constant is interpreted as being the true rate constant for oxidation of UO2 by H2O2 [(4.4 ± 0.3) x 10-6 m min-1] while the HCO3- concentration dependent rate constant is used to estimate the rate constant for HCO3- facilitated dissolution of UO22+ (oxidized UO2) [(8.8 ± 0.5) x 10-3 m min-1]. From experiments performed in suspensions free from HCO3- the rate constant for dissolution of UO22+ was also determined [(7 ± 1) x 10-8 mol m-2 s-1]. These rate constants are of significant importance for simulation of spent nuclear fuel dissolution.

The rate constant for the oxidation of UO2 by H2O2 (the HCO3- concentration independent rate constant) was found to be independent of ionic strength. However, the rate constant for dissolution of oxidized UO2 displayed ionic strength dependence, namely it increases with increasing ionic strength.

The HCO3- concentration and ionic strength dependence for the anionic oxidants is more complex since also the electron transfer process is expected to be ionic strength dependent. Furthermore, the kinetics for the anionic oxidants is more pH sensitive. For both MnO4- and IrCl62- the rate constant for the reaction with UO2 was found to be diffusion controlled at higher HCO3- concentrations (~0.2 M). Both oxidants also displayed ionic strength dependence even though the HCO3- independent reaction could not be studied exclusively.

Based on changes in reaction order from first to zeroth order kinetics (which occurs when the UO2 surface is completely oxidized) in HCO3- deficient systems the oxidation site density of the UO2 powder was determined. H2O2 and IrCl62- were used in these experiments giving similar results [(2.1 ± 0.1) x 10-4 and (2.7 ± 0.5) x 10-4 mol m-2, respectively].

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Hossain, Mohammad Moshin. "Effects of HCO₃- and ionic strength on the oxidation and dissolution of UO₂ /." Stockholm : Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4172.

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Books on the topic "Ionic strength"

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Reed, Donald T., Sue B. Clark, and Linfeng Rao, eds. Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0.

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Johnsson, Patricia A. A computer program for geochemical analysis of acid-rain and other low-ionic-strength, acidic waters. West Trenton, N.J: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Turner, J. D. Development of an optical pH sensor for the range 7-10pH units suitable for low ionic strength solutions. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1992, T-121 (trace constituents), M-124 (major constituents), N-36 (nutrients), N-37 (nutrients), P-19 (low ionic strength) and Hg-15 (mercury). Golden, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1992, T-121 (trace constituents), M-124 (major constituents), N-36 (nutrients), N-37 (nutrients), P-19 (low ionic strength) and Hg-15 (mercury). Golden, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1992, T-121 (trace constituents), M-124 (major constituents), N-36 (nutrients), N-37 (nutrients), P-19 (low ionic strength) and Hg-15 (mercury). Golden, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1992, T-121 (trace constituents), M-124 (major constituents), N-36 (nutrients), N-37 (nutrients), P-19 (low ionic strength) and Hg-15 (mercury). Golden, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1992, T-121 (trace constituents), M-124 (major constituents), N-36 (nutrients), N-37 (nutrients), P-19 (low ionic strength) and Hg-15 (mercury). Golden, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1994: T-131 (trace constituents), T-133 (trace constituents), M-132 (major constituents), N-43 (nutrients), N-44 (nutrients), P-23 (low ionic strength) and Hg-19 (mercury). Golden, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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W, Farrar Jerry, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in May 1995: T-135 (trace constituents), M-134 (major constituents), N-45 (nutrients), N-46 (nutrients), P-24 (low ionic strength), Hg-20 (mercury), and SED-5 (bed material). Golden, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ionic strength"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Ionic Strength." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 902. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14051.

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Pardue, Harry L. "Effects of Ionic Strength." In Chemical Equilibria, 1–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429429897-1.

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Burgot, Jean-Louis. "Definitions of Acids and Bases: Strength of Acids and Bases." In Ionic Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry, 51–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8382-4_4.

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Zhang, Dequan, Xin Li, Li Chen, Chengli Hou, and Zhenyu Wang. "Effects of Ionic Strength on Protein Phosphorylation." In Protein Phosphorylation and Meat Quality, 237–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9441-0_11.

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Choppin, Gregory R. "Near Field and Far Field Interactions and Data Needs For Geologic Disposal of Nuclear Waste." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media, 3–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_1.

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Karraker, D. G. "Plutonium (VI) Solubility Studies in Savannah River Site High-Level Waste." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media, 171–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_10.

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Bronikowski, M., O. S. Pokrovsky, M. Borkowski, and G. R. Choppin. "UO2 2+ and NpO2 + Complexation with Citrate in Brine Solutions." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media, 177–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_11.

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Chen, Jian-Feng, Gregory R. Choppin, and Robert C. Moore. "Complexation and Ion Interactions in Am(III)/EDTA/NaCl Ternary System." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media, 187–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_12.

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Labonne-Wall, N., G. R. Choppin, C. Lopez, and J.-M. Monsallier. "Interaction of Uranyl with Humic and Fulvic Acids at High Ionic Strength." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media, 199–211. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_13.

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Aguilar, Richard, Hans W. Papenguth, and Fred Rigby. "Retardation of Colloidal Actinides Through Filtration in Intrusion Borehole Backfill at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media, 215–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ionic strength"

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Joshi, Punarvasu, Trupthi Mathew, Leo Petrossian, Shalini Prasad, Michael Goryll, Andreas Spanias, and Trevor J. Thornton. "Electromigration of Charged Polystyrene Beads Through Silicon Nanopores Filled With Low Ionic Strength Solutions." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11428.

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In this work we present preliminary results demonstrating the influence of electrical double layer overlap on the electromigration of polystyrene beads (PSB) through an array of 25 cylindrical nanopores. Each of the cylindrical nanopores of the array used in this study is 360nm long with a diameter of 90nm. We observe frequent Coulter events for solutions of higher ionic strength and absence of Coulter events at low ionic strength solution. At higher ionic strengths, the electric double layers in the nanopore are thin and ion transport through the nanopore follows the bulk behavior of the ionic solution. For solutions of lower ionic strength, the electric double layers are comparable to the nanopore dimensions and start to overlap, suggesting surface charge interaction with the polystyrene beads that pass through the nanopore. The work continues towards detailed statistical analysis of the characteristic events observed for different concentrations.
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Romanovski, V. V. "Polymeric species of Pu in low ionic strength media." In Plutonium futures-The science (Topical conference on Plutonium and actinides). AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1292289.

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Oliveira, W. J., H. R. Soares, N. M. L. Silva, E. R. Souza, and E. F. F. Silva. "Estimate of Ionic Strength of Solution for Each Electrical Conductivity." In II Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/INCT-EI/INCTSal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/ii.inovagri.2014-a130.

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SEMPIONATTO, J. R., G. G. PEREZ, C. R. BASSO, I. CESARINO, S. A. S. MACHADO, and V. A. PEDROSA. "SMART POLYMER MODIFIED ELECTRODE SWITCHED BY IONIC STRENGTH AND pH." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1202-20498-171803.

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Rondinella, Vincenzo V., and M. John Matthewson. "Ionic effects on silica optical fiber strength and models for fatigue." In San Jose - DL tentative, edited by Roger A. Greenwell and Dilip K. Paul. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.24684.

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Yugami, Hiroo, Fumitada Iguchi, Kazuhisa Sato, and Toshiyuki Hashida. "Mechanical Properties of Ceria Based Oxygen Ionic Conductors for SOFC." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65206.

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The fracture strength and creep rate of rear earth (Y and Gd) doped ceria are systematically studied from the viewpoints of dopant concentration, oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependences. Fracture strength and creep rate are measured by modified small punch test and four point bending method, respectively. From results of fracture test, the highest fracture strength is obtained on the samples sintered at 1600 °C for Y and Gd-doped CeO2. The unique temperature dependence of fracture strength on doped CeO2 is observed. It shows the local minimal value at around 600 °C and the fracture strength increases with increasing temperature. The fracture surface structure drastically changes with changing temperature observed by SEM. Since we observed the close coincidence between the fracture strength and the ratio of transcrystalline fracture surface for all samples, it is concluded that the increase of fracture strength at high temperature in doped CeO2 can be attributed to the temperature dependence of transcrystalline fracture strength. Typical creep curves of 2, 5, 10 and 20 YDC were measured under constant load in air. The creep rate decreases with increasing the dopant concentration. From the analysis of creep properties, the creep is controlled by cerium vacancy diffusion and change of ceria vacancy concentration decreases creep rate.
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Xiong, Yongliang, Yifeng Wang, and Pholopoter Faltas. "Thermodynamic Model for Borate in Elevated Temperature and High Ionic Strength Environments." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2934.

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Halder, Bijoy K., and Angelica M. Palomino. "The Shear Strength of “Tunable” Clay-Polymer Composite under Various Ionic Concentrations." In Geo-Chicago 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480151.007.

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Suzuki, T., Y. Morimoto, T. Hibino, and S. Nakashita. "Influence of Adsorbed Ions and Ionic Strength in Sediment on Liquid Limit." In The 9th International Conference on Asia and Pacific Coasts 2017 (APAC 2017). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813233812_0037.

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Pritam, Anil Arya, and A. L. Sharma. "Improved ionic conductivity, potential window and dielectric strength in intercalated polymer nanocomposites." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2018. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5113424.

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Reports on the topic "Ionic strength"

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Xu, Tianfu. TOUGHREACT Testing in High Ionic Strength Brine Sandstone Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941168.

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Norton, John D., Wendy E. Benson, Henry S. White, Bradford D. Pendley, and Hector D. Abruna. Voltammetric Measurement of Bimolecular Electron-Transfer Rates in Low Ionic Strength Solutions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229913.

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Pople, John A. The structure of pH dependent block copolymer micelles: charge and ionic strength dependence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799988.

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Norton, John D., and Henry S. White. Effect of Comproportionation on the Voltammetric Reduction of Methyl Viologen in Low Ionic Strength Solutions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada242444.

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Nash, Charles A., L. Larry Hamm, Frank G. Smith, and Daniel J. McCabe. Ion Exchange Distribution Coefficient Tests and Computer Modeling at High Ionic Strength Supporting Technetium Removal Resin Maturation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1166936.

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Phillips, S. L., C. A. Phillips, and J. Skeen. Hydrolysis, formation and ionization constants at 25/sup 0/C, and at high temperature-high ionic strength. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5911914.

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Phillips, S. Calculation of thermodynamic properties for monomeric U(IV) hydrolysis products at 298. 15 K and zero ionic strength. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7159143.

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Pendley, Bradford D., Hector D. Abruna, John D. Norton, Wendy E. Benson, and Henry S. White. Analysis of Voltammetric Half-Wave Potentials in Low Ionic Strength Solutions and Voltammetric Measurement of Ion Impurity Concentrations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229774.

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Pendley, Bradford D., Hector D. Abruna, John D. Norton, Wendy E. Benson, and Henry S. White. Analysis of Voltammetric Half-Wave Potentials in Low Ionic Strength Solutions and Voltammetric Measurement of Ion Impurity Concentrations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229908.

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Swanson, Juliet. Effects of Salt Concentration, Ionic Strength, and Water Activity on the Growth of a WIPP Archaeal Isolate, Halobacterium sp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1900474.

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