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Journal articles on the topic 'Ionic Solids'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Kim, Sangtae, Shu Yamaguchi, and James A. Elliott. "Solid-State Ionics in the 21st Century: Current Status and Future Prospects." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 12 (December 2009): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.211.

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AbstractThe phenomenon of ion migration in solids forms the basis for a wide variety of electrochemical applications, ranging from power generators and chemical sensors to ionic switches. Solid-state ionics (SSI) is the field of research concerning ionic motions in solids and the materials properties associated with them. Owing to the ever-growing technological importance of electrochemical devices, together with the discoveries of various solids displaying superior ionic conductivity at relatively low temperatures, research activities in this field have grown rapidly since the 1960s, culminating in “nanoionics”: the area of SSI concerned with nanometer-scale systems. This theme issue introduces key research issues that we believe are, and will remain, the main research topics in nanoionics and SSI during the 21st century. These include the application of cutting-edge experimental techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, to investigate ionic diffusion in both bulk solids and at interfaces, as well as the use of atomic-scale modeling as a virtual probe of ionic conduction mechanisms and defect interactions. We highlight the effects of protonic conduction at the nanometer scale and how better control of interfaces can be employed to make secondary lithium batteries based on nanoionics principles. Finally, in addition to power generation and storage, the emergence of atomic switches based on cation diffusion shows great promise in developing next-generation transistors using SSI.

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2

Shimizu, Y., H. Sogabe, and Y. Terashima. "The effects of colloidal humic substances on the movement of non-ionic hydrophobic organic contaminants in groundwater." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 7 (October 1, 1998): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0289.

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A controlled experimental study of the sorption of colloidal humic substances (humic acid) and a non-ionic hydrophobic organic compound (naphthalene) onto typical inorganic constituents of aquifer solids was performed using four types of model solid phases {i.e., individual model solids (montmorillonite, kaolinite, amorphous aluminosilicate gel, and amorphous iron oxides) and combined model solids (montmorillonite coated by amorphous aluminosilicate gel or iron oxides)}, which are synthesized in the laboratory. The batch experimental results indicated that the sorption of non-ionic hydrophobic organic compounds and colloidal humic substances onto the aquifer solids is significantly influenced by the solid composition. And it was also suggested that the non-ionic hydrophobic organic compounds which have greater hydrophobicity are considered to be sorbed and stabilized by the mobile colloidal humic substances in groundwater, and these colloids may act as a third phase that can increase the amount of compounds that the flow of groundwater can transport. On the other hand, the non-ionic hydrophobic organic contaminants of smaller hydrophobicity may be retarded significantly with the sorption of colloidal humic substances onto the aquifer solids.

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3

Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah, and Nor Aishah Saidina Amin. "Ionic Solid Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Properties Investigation." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.155.

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A series of ionic solid nanomaterials denoted as IS1, IS2 and IS3 have been prepared using butylmethylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM][Br]) ionic liquid as cation, and three types of heteropolyacid; phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40), phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40), and silicotungstic acid (H4SiW12O40) as anion. The nanomaterials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, NH3-TPD and BET. Its catalytic performance was investigated by catalyzing glucose conversion to levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. It was observed that the ionic solids have higher acidity with semi amorphous structure, higher thermal stability and insignificant water content compared to the parent compound. Among the three prepared ionic solids, phosphomolybdic based ionic solid (IS2) exhibited the best catalytic performance due to its highest total acidity.

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4

Shimizu, Y., and H. M. Liljestrand. "Sorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons onto Natural Solids: Determination by Fluorescence Quenching Method." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0442.

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A fluorescence quenching method was used to determine the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) onto natural solids in batch experiments. This method is based upon the observation that PAHs fluoresce in aqueous solution but not when associated with natural solids. It avoids problems of incomplete solid-liquid separation. As natural solids, eleven different USEPA soils and sediments were used. Anthracene and 2-aminoanthracene, which are respectively non-ionic and ionic PAHs, were chosen as sorbates. The fractional decrease in fluorescence intensity as a function of added natural solid concentration is referred to as Stem-Volmer plots. The plots were linear for all natural solids investigated. The conditional sorption coefficients (Ksc) at pH 6 through 8 and I=0.1 M were obtained as the slopes of the plots. While the Ksc values of anthracene were independent of pH, the values of 2-aminoanthracene decreased with increasing pH. The Ksc values of anthracene correlated well with the organic carbon content of natural solids. However, the values of 2-aminoanthracene did not depend on the content of organic carbon in natural solids. For 2-aminoanthracene, inorganic matrices of the natural solids may contribute to the sorption.

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5

Liaw, B. Y. "Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Solids." Key Engineering Materials 125-126 (October 1996): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.125-126.133.

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6

Wintersgill, Mary C. "Dielectric spectroscopy of ionic solids." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 119-121, no. 1 (November 1991): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420159108224878.

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7

Hueckel, Theodore, Glen M. Hocky, Jeremie Palacci, and Stefano Sacanna. "Ionic solids from common colloids." Nature 580, no. 7804 (April 2020): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2205-0.

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8

Thurzo, I., and D. R. T. Zahn. "Revealing ionic motion molecular solids." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 2 (January 15, 2006): 023701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2158136.

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9

Itoh, Noriaki, and Katsumi Tanimura. "Radiation effects in ionic solids." Radiation Effects 98, no. 1-4 (September 1986): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00337578608206118.

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10

Kumar, Binod. "Ionic Transport through Heterogeneous Solids." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 66, no. 3 (July 2007): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.2007.11012264.

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11

Sharma, S. K. "Thermal energy of ionic solids." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 506, no. 1 (September 2010): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.06.171.

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12

MICHALSKE, TERRY A., BRUCE C. BUNKER, and S. W. FREIMAN. "Stress Corrosion of Ionic and Mixed Ionic/Covalent Solids." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 69, no. 10 (October 1986): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1986.tb07332.x.

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13

Laskar, A. L. "Diffusion in Ionic Solids: Unsolved Problems." Defect and Diffusion Forum 83 (January 1992): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.83.207.

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14

Elango, M. "Hot holes in irradiated ionic solids." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 128, no. 1-2 (March 1994): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420159408218851.

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15

Feltz, A., and P. Büchner. "Structure and ionic conduction in solids." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 92, no. 2-3 (July 1987): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(87)80058-3.

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16

Chadwick, A. V. "Electrical conductivity measurements of ionic solids." Philosophical Magazine A 64, no. 5 (November 1991): 983–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418619108204872.

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17

Schmidt, U. C., M. Fichtner, J. Goschnick, M. Lipp, and H. J. Ache. "Analysis of ionic solids with SNMS." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 341, no. 3-4 (1991): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00321560.

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18

Khanna, S. N., and P. Jena. "Designing ionic solids from metallic clusters." Chemical Physics Letters 219, no. 5-6 (March 1994): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00097-2.

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19

Kusmartsev, F. V. "Strings and stripes in ionic solids." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 18, no. 1-3 (May 2003): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-9477(02)01091-3.

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20

Cox, P. A., and A. A. Williams. "HREELS studies of simple ionic solids." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 39 (January 1986): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(86)85031-9.

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21

Yoshinari, Nobuto, Satoshi Yamashita, Yosuke Fukuda, Yasuhiro Nakazawa, and Takumi Konno. "Mobility of hydrated alkali metal ions in metallosupramolecular ionic crystals." Chemical Science 10, no. 2 (2019): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04204g.

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The ion-conducting behaviour of alkali metal ions in ionic solids (M₆[1]·nH₂O) resembles that in aqueous solutions; the solid-state conductivities increase in the order of M = Li⁺ < Na⁺ < K⁺.

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22

Santamaría-Holek, Iván, Aldo Ledesma-Durán, S. I. Hernández, C. García-Alcántara, Andreu Andrio, and Vicente Compañ. "Entropic restrictions control the electric conductance of superprotonic ionic solids." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 2 (2020): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05486c.

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23

Glasser, Leslie, and H. Donald Brooke Jenkins. "Predictive thermodynamics for ionic solids and liquids." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 31 (2016): 21226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00235h.

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24

Gamsjäger, Heinz. "Solubility phenomena in science and education: Experiments, thermodynamic analyses, and theoretical aspects." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2059–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-13-01-04.

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Solubility equilibria between solid salts, salt hydrates, and water play an important role in fundamental and applied branches of chemistry. The continuous interest in this field has been reflected by the 15th International Symposium on Solubility Phenomena as well as by the ongoing IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series (SDS), which by now comprises close to 100 volumes. Three typical examples concerning solubility phenomena of ionic solids in aqueous solutions are discussed: (1) sparingly soluble, simple molybdates; (2) sparingly soluble ionic solids with basic anions; and (3) hydrolysis of inert hexa-aqua-M(III) ions, where M is Ir, Rh, or Cr. In the first two cases, essential experimental details are discussed, an outline of thermodynamic analyses is given, and theoretical aspects are emphasized. In the third case, an educational suggestion is made.

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25

Chun, Ja-Kyu, and Han-Ill Yoo. "Electric-Field Induced Degradation of Ionic Solids." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 49, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2012.49.1.048.

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26

Maier, Joachim. "BuildingversusStructure Elements: Ionic Charge Carriers in Solids." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 226, no. 9-10 (October 2012): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2012.0317.

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27

Hardy, J. R. "Structural phase transitions in ionic molecular solids." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (August 8, 1996): C441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396081858.

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28

Harding, J. H. "Computer simulation of defects in ionic solids." Reports on Progress in Physics 53, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1403–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/53/11/002.

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29

Salanne, Mathieu, and Paul A. Madden. "Polarization effects in ionic solids and melts." Molecular Physics 109, no. 19 (October 10, 2011): 2299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2011.617523.

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30

Henn, F. "Dielectric relaxation in ionic solids: experimental evidences." Solid State Ionics 136-137, no. 1-2 (November 2, 2000): 1335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(00)00574-9.

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31

Dieterich, Wolfgang, and Philipp Maass. "Non-Debye relaxations in disordered ionic solids." Chemical Physics 284, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 439–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00673-0.

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32

Harrison, Walter A. "Overlap interactions and bonding in ionic solids." Physical Review B 34, no. 4 (August 15, 1986): 2787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.2787.

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33

Cyriac, Jobin, T. Pradeep, H. Kang, R. Souda, and R. G. Cooks. "Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids." Chemical Reviews 112, no. 10 (August 22, 2012): 5356–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr200384k.

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34

Srivastava, S. K., S. K. Sharma, and Pallavi Sinha. "Compression dependence of αKT for ionic solids." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 70, no. 2 (February 2009): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.04.039.

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35

Hardy, J. R. "Structural phase transitions in ionic molecular solids." Phase Transitions 67, no. 3 (December 1998): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411599808227667.

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36

Krieger, Brenna M., Heather Y. Lee, Thomas J. Emge, James F. Wishart, and Edward W. Castner, Jr. "Ionic liquids and solids with paramagnetic anions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 12, no. 31 (2010): 8919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b920652n.

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37

Harrison, Walter A. "Interatomic interactions in covalent and ionic solids." Physical Review B 41, no. 9 (March 15, 1990): 6008–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.6008.

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38

LIAW, B. Y. "ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic Solids." ChemInform 28, no. 29 (August 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199729253.

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39

Huggins, Robert A. "Solid State Ionics." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 9 (September 1989): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400061698.

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This issue of the MRS BULLETIN contains three articles relating to the general field that has come to be known as Solid State Ionics. The central feature of this area of science and emerging technology is the rapid transport of atomic or ionic species within solids, and the various phenomena, of both scientific and technological interest, that are related to it.Attention to this area has grown greatly in recent years because of the rapidly increasing recognition of the possibility of a wide range of interesting technological applications. One example already widespread is the use of an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte as the critical element in the oxygen sensors installed in the exhaust systems of almost all current automobiles to reduce deleterious emissions and improve the efficiency of the combustion process.Work is under way in a number of other directions, including static and dynamic chemical sensors, solid state electrochemical reactors, low impedance selective atomic filters, new concepts for the direct conversion of heat to electricity by the use of sodium- or hydrogen-transporting cycles, a novel method for the low cost electrolysis of water at intermediate temperatures, batteries that can store greatly increased amounts of energy, ion exchange materials, solid state laser hosts, high efficiency fuel cells, electrochromic materials and configurations for both optical displays and “smart windows,” advanced catalysts, atomic reservoirs and pumps, high temperature superconductors, and possibly solid state fusion hosts.Despite this recent attention, however, it is worth noting that interest in solids in which ionic species can move with unusual rapidity is actually not new at all. As early as 1839, Michael Faraday reported measurements on several materials that showed an unusual increase in electrical conductivity at elevated temperatures, contrary to that found in normal metals.

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40

Sui, Hong, Jingjing Zhou, Guoqiang Ma, Yaqi Niu, Jing Cheng, Lin He, and Xingang Li. "Removal of Ionic Liquids from Oil Sands Processing Solution by Ion-Exchange Resin." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091611.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported to be good process aids for enhanced bitumen recovery from oil sands. However, after the extraction, some ionic liquids are left in the residual solids or solutions. Herein, a washing–ion exchange combined method has been designed for the removal of two imidazolium-based ILs, ([Bmim][BF4] and [Emim][BF4]), from residual sands after ILs-enhanced solvent extraction of oil sands. This process was conducted as two steps: water washing of the residual solids to remove ILs into aqueous solution; adsorption and desorption of ILs from the solution by the sulfonic acid cation-exchange resin (Amberlite IR 120Na). Surface characterization showed that the hydrophilic ionic liquids could be completely removed from the solid surfaces by 3 times of water washing. The ionic liquids solution was treated by the ion-exchange resin. Results showed that more than 95% of [Bmim][BF4] and 90% of [Emim][BF4] could be adsorbed by the resins at 20 °C with contact time of 30 min. The effects of some typical coexisted chemicals and minerals, such as salinity, kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), and silica (SiO2), in the solution on the adsorption of ionic liquids have also been investigated. Results showed that both kaolinite and SiO2 exerted a slight effect on the uptake of [Bmim][BF4]. However, it was observed that increasing the ionic strength of the solution by adding salts would deteriorate the adsorption of [Bmim]+ on the resin. The adsorption behaviors of two ILs fit well with the Sips model, suggesting the heterogeneous adsorption of ionic liquids onto resin. The adsorption of ionic liquids onto Amberlite IR 120Na resin was found to be pseudo-second-order adsorption. The regeneration tests showed stable performance of ion-exchange resins over three adsorption–desorption cycles.

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41

Aniya, Masaru. "Bonding character and ionic conduction in solid electrolytes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 11 (November 26, 2019): 1797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1220.

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Abstract The properties of the materials are intimately related to the nature of the chemical bond. Research to explain the peculiarities of superionic materials by focusing on the bonding character of the materials is presented. In particular, a brief review of some fundamental aspects of superionic conductors is given based on the talk presented at “Solid State Chemistry 2018, Pardubice” in addition to some new results related to the subject. Specifically, the topics on bond fluctuation model of ionic conductors, the role of medium range structure in the ionic conductivity, bonding aspects of non-Arrhenius ionic conductivity and elastic properties of ionic conductors are discussed. Key concepts that are gained from these studies is stressed, such as the importance of the coexistence of different types of bonding, and the role of medium range structure in glasses for efficient ionic transport in solids. These concepts could help the development of new materials.

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42

Allen, Jan L., Bria A. Crear, Rishav Choudhury, Michael J. Wang, Dat T. Tran, Lin Ma, Philip M. Piccoli, Jeff Sakamoto, and Jeff Wolfenstine. "Fast Li-Ion Conduction in Spinel-Structured Solids." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092625.

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Spinel-structured solids were studied to understand if fast Li+ ion conduction can be achieved with Li occupying multiple crystallographic sites of the structure to form a “Li-stuffed” spinel, and if the concept is applicable to prepare a high mixed electronic-ionic conductive, electrochemically active solid solution of the Li+ stuffed spinel with spinel-structured Li-ion battery electrodes. This could enable a single-phase fully solid electrode eliminating multi-phase interface incompatibility and impedance commonly observed in multi-phase solid electrolyte–cathode composites. Materials of composition Li1.25M(III)0.25TiO4, M(III) = Cr or Al were prepared through solid-state methods. The room-temperature bulk Li+-ion conductivity is 1.63 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the composition Li1.25Cr0.25Ti1.5O4. Addition of Li3BO3 (LBO) increases ionic and electronic conductivity reaching a bulk Li+ ion conductivity averaging 6.8 × 10−4 S cm−1, a total Li-ion conductivity averaging 4.2 × 10−4 S cm−1, and electronic conductivity averaging 3.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the composition Li1.25Cr0.25Ti1.5O4 with 1 wt. % LBO. An electrochemically active solid solution of Li1.25Cr0.25Mn1.5O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was prepared. This work proves that Li-stuffed spinels can achieve fast Li-ion conduction and that the concept is potentially useful to enable a single-phase fully solid electrode without interphase impedance.

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43

Poon, Louis, Jacob R. Hum, and Richard G. Weiss. "Neat Linear Polysiloxane-Based Ionic Polymers: Insights into Structure-Based Property Modifications and Applications." Macromol 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol1010002.

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A diverse range of linear polysiloxane-based ionic polymers that are hydrophobic and highly flexible can be obtained by substituting the polymers with varying amounts of ionic centers. The materials can be highly crystalline solids, amorphous soft solids, poly(ionic) liquids or viscous polymer liquids. A key to understanding how structural variations can lead to these different materials is the establishment of correlations between the physical (dynamic and static) properties and the structures of the polymers at different distance scales. This short review provides such correlations by examining the influence of structural properties (such as molecular weights, ion pair contents, and ion types) on key bulk properties of the materials.

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44

Herrmann, Reimer, Joachim Daub, Jürgen Förster, and Thomas Striebel. "Chemodynamics of Trace Pollutants during Roof and Street Runoff." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0653.

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The fate of ionic and non-ionic organic compounds and trace metals during roof and street runoff is sensitive to their distribution between sorption onto roof and street material and suspended solids on one hand and the dissolved phase on the other hand. Using field data of runoff, suspended solids concentration and the chemical state of various trace pollutants, we try to explain the factors governing the chemodynamics and the transport behaviour during roof and street runoff.

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45

Huang, C. P., and J. M. Wang. "Factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals in wastewater treatment processes: role of sludge particulate." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0577.

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The distribution of heavy metals, namely, Ag(I), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III,VI), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) in 4 municipal wastewater treatment plants was evaluated as a function of several parameters including pH, COD, ionic strength and SS. Although there are variations in pH, alkalinity, COD and ionic strength, the results show that wastewater samples containing less than 5 g/L suspended solids concentration have similar characteristics. Correlations among heavy metal distribution (as the ratio between dissolved to total metals) and wastewater characteristics were attempted. Correlation between the parameters monitored and metal distribution is poor. In the case of pH, no apparent relationship could be seen. In general, increasing COD and ionic strength decreases the metal distribution. Metal distribution relies almost entirely on the concentration of solids in wastewater samples. Total metal removal in primary treatment process is lower than that reported in the literature. This could be attributed to the low average solids removal observed in the treatment plants investigated. Solids reduction at the effluent were larger than 80% and total metals removal was identical to that of the primary treatment process.

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46

Podgorbunsky, Anatoly B., Sergey Sinebryukhov, and Sergey Gnedenkov. "High Anionic Conductivity of Solids with Different Structure." Solid State Phenomena 213 (March 2014): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.213.200.

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Impedance spectroscopy data for a several materials with high ionic conductivity at the intermediate temperature range (296-473 K) were obtained and analyzed. Investigated systems including pure CsSb2F7, KSb2F7, related solid solutions Cs(1-x)KxSb2F7 (0.1≤x≤0.65) and some ionic materials with fluorite structure PbF2-BiF3-K[Na]F were studied. The values of the dc conductivity and activation energies are estimated from the analysis of the conductivity spectra. The role of cation substitution influencing on conductivity values, phase transitions and activation energies in the given systems have been discussed.

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47

Uchida, Sayaka. "Frontiers and progress in cation-uptake and exchange chemistry of polyoxometalate-based compounds." Chemical Science 10, no. 33 (2019): 7670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc02823d.

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48

Xiao, Chuanlian, Chia-Chin Chen, and Joachim Maier. "Discrete Modeling of Ionic Space Charge Zones in Solids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 45 (July 7, 2022): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01451905mtgabs.

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In this contribution discrete modeling of space charge zones in solids is presented, which is a sensible approach for handling pronounced space charge potentials as well as non-idealities in realistic solid state system1. At interfaces in charge-carrier containing systems, individual charge carriers redistribute, which leads to transport but also storage anomalies2. Such space charge zones are usually described by a continuum picture based on classic Gouy-Chapman (or Mott-Schottky) models. In addition to issues of internal consistency, this continuum approach is questionable if extremely steep profiles close to the interface occur, and analytical corrections are not very helpful. We show how discretization remedies a variety of such short-comings, allows for a straightforward taking account of non-idealities, and even provides surprising insight into double layer capacitance and conductance effects. Combining discrete modeling with the continuum description provides a particularly powerful method with the help of which non-idealities in the first layers (variation in structure, elastic effects, saturation effects, changes in dielectric constant) can be directly addressed. Various examples of practical value for functional ceramics and batteries are discussed. We believe that such discretization represents a substantial progress in the field of space charge theory being advantageous over introducing corrections into the already overstrained Gouy-Chapman function. References C. Xiao; C.-C. Chen; J. Maier, Discrete modeling of ionic space charge zones in solids, submitted. C.-C. Chen, J. Maier, Decoupling electron and ion storage and the path from interfacial storage to artificial electrodes, Nature Energy 2018, 3 (2), 102-108.

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Lucco-Borlera, M., D. Mazza, L. Montanaro, A. Negro, and S. Ronchetti. "X-ray characterization of the new nasicon compositions Na3Zr2−x/4Si2−xP1+xO12 with x=0.333, 0.667, 1.000, 1.333, 1.667." Powder Diffraction 12, no. 3 (September 1997): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600009660.

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It is known that solids with composition Na3Zr2Si2PO12 heated at 1200 °C crystallize in the nasicon structure. This material shows a high ionic conductivity that represents an interesting improvement in the field of solid electrolytes. Our experimental results allow to establish for the first time that nasicon structures are stable along the compositional join Na3Zr2−x/4Si2−xP1+xO12 with x extending from 0 to 1.667. These structures are characterized by a Zr underoccupation of octahedral sites and a constant number of Na+ ions. This fact envisages a possible application of these materials in the field of ceramic sensors and ionic conductors.

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Liu, Zhantao, Jue Liu, Yifei Mo, and Hailong Chen. "Design of High-Performance Solid Electrolytes Guided By Crystal Structure Characterization and Understanding." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023225mtgabs.

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Solid electrolyte is the key component in all-solid-state-batteries that is currently limiting the commercialization of this technology. An ideal solid electrolyte should have high room temperature ionic conductivity, low electronic conductivity, good compatibility with both cathode and anode, good mechanical properties, high air and moisture stability and low manufacture cost. Among these requirements, the improvement of ionic conductivity is prioritized as the conductivity of most existing solid electrolyte is still much lower than that of conventional liquid electrolyte. The improvement of ionic conductivity and design and development of solid electrolyte materials are closely related to our understanding on the ionic diffusion mechanism in solids and the structure-property relationship. We believe that rational design of high-performance solid electrolyte should start from careful characterization and good understanding of the crystal structure. Here we report the crystal structure characterization on sulfides and halide solid electrolytes and the design and development of novel solid electrolytes based on our findings in structural characterizations. Ex situ high resolution synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and pair distribution function analysis are used to understand the crystal structures in great details. In situ X-ray diffraction for different synthesis methods is coupled with variable temperature electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to understand the structure-property relationship in the solid electrolytes. The design, synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of several solid electrolytes will be presented and discussed.

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