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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ionic mechanism

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ionic mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ionic mechanism"

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Fox, Jeffrey J., Jennifer L. McHarg, and Robert F. Gilmour. "Ionic mechanism of electrical alternans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): H516—H530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2001.

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Although alternans of action potential duration (APD) is a robust feature of the rapidly paced canine ventricle, currently available ionic models of cardiac myocytes do not recreate this phenomenon. To address this problem, we developed a new ionic model using formulations of currents based on previous models and recent experimental data. Compared with existing models, the inward rectifier K+ current ( I K1) was decreased at depolarized potentials, the maximum conductance and rectification of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current ( I Kr) were increased, and I Kr activation kinetics were slowed. The slow component of the delayed rectifier K+current ( I Ks) was increased in magnitude and activation shifted to less positive voltages, and the L-type Ca2+ current ( I Ca) was modified to produce a smaller, more rapidly inactivating current. Finally, a simplified form of intracellular calcium dynamics was adopted. In this model, APD alternans occurred at cycle lengths = 150–210 ms, with a maximum alternans amplitude of 39 ms. APD alternans was suppressed by decreasing I Ca magnitude or calcium-induced inactivation and by increasing the magnitude of I K1, I Kr, or I Ks. These results establish an ionic basis for APD alternans, which should facilitate the development of pharmacological approaches to eliminating alternans.

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Gamini, A., G. Civitarese, A. Cesàro, F. Delben, and S. Paoletti. "Gelation mechanism of ionic polysaccharides." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 39, no. 1 (October 1990): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19900390113.

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Steenbergen, C., M. E. Perlman, R. E. London, and E. Murphy. "Mechanism of preconditioning. Ionic alterations." Circulation Research 72, no. 1 (January 1993): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.72.1.112.

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Suhail, Mohammad, Sofi Danish Mukhtar, Imran Ali, Ariba Ansari, and Saiyam Arora. "Theoretical DFT study of Cannizzaro reaction mechanism: A mini perspective." European Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.11.2.139-144.1975.

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In regards to the Cannizzaro reaction and its peculiar mechanism, some researchers have presented a free radical mechanism for the Cannizzaro reaction, while others have found that it is feasible through an ionic mechanism, but the actual mechanism has not been finalized yet. The researchers have given the proof of both the mechanisms through their papers published. Actually, Cannizzaro reaction may occur through both mechanisms depending on both molecular structure and different conditions which are yet to be explained. Recently published papers describe that free radical mechanism occurs only in a heterogeneous medium, while an ionic mechanism occurs in a homogeneous medium. We revealed no explanation of the molecular structure-based reason, responsible for a radical or an ionic mechanism. The present paper reviews not only homogeneous/heterogeneous medium conditions but also molecular structure-based facts, which may be responsible for the Cannizzaro reaction to occur through the radical or ionic mechanism, and that may be acceptable to the scientific society. Besides, Density Functional Theory study using Gaussian software was also involved in the explanation of the molecular structure, responsible for one of the two mechanisms. Also, the present paper specifies all points related to future perspectives on which additional studies are required to understand the actual mechanism with a definite molecular structure in the different reaction media.

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STOIMENOV, Boyko, Jonathan ROSSITER, and Toshiharu MUKAI. "1P1-H02 Self-actuated compliant mechanism made of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007): _1P1—H02_1—_1P1—H02_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._1p1-h02_1.

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NAKAOKA, YASUO, TOHRU KUROTANI, and HIROKAZU ITOH. "Ionic Mechanism of Thermoreception in Paramecium." Journal of Experimental Biology 127, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.127.1.95.

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The localization of thermoreceptors in Paramecium, and the ionic basis of thermoreception, was investigated in posterior and anterior fragments of cells. Transverse section of the animals was used to obtain these fragments, which sealed up and swam actively. In the anterior fragment, an increase in the frequency of directional changes in swimming and depolarization of the membrane was produced by cooling below the temperature of the culture. In the posterior fragment, these effects were produced by wanning above culture temperature. Reversal potentials of these effects were found by injection of constant current to change membrane potential. In the anterior fragment, the reversal potential of the response to cooling was more negative than the resting potential and was potassium-dependent (52 mV/log[K+]o). In the posterior fragment, the reversal potential of the warming response was above resting potential and was primarily calcium-dependent (28 mV/log[Ca2+]o). It is concluded that cooling results in changes in the frequency of directional changes in swimming of Paramecium by causing a transient change in the membrane conductance for potassium, whereas warming produces its effects by a transient change in calcium conductance.

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Song, Di, Yuqi Wang, Ching-Fai Yip, and Quan Zuo. "Depolymerization for polymers with heteroatom-containing main chain: mechanism and applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2229, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2229/1/012008.

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Abstract With the flourishment of the polymer industry, many polymers have been produced and used. However, it has been acerbically criticized that most of the polymers, such as polyolefins, polyesters, cannot be naturally degraded or depolymerized, leading to polymer waste, which has exacerbated the growing global contamination. Therefore, it is essential to research and ameliorate depolymerization methods to diminish the polymer waste and recycle them. This article reviews a series of novel depolymerization methods in recent years, including pyrolysis, ionic liquids, hydrolysis, and biological methods, aiming to depolymerize the waste polymer with heteroatom-containing main chain, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyamides, polyesters. The mechanisms and applications of these depolymerization methods are highlighted. Although traditional pyrolysis methods have relatively low yield, selectivity, and harsh conditions, some catalytical pyrolysis methods have better selectivity, energy consumption, etc. Besides, due to the good recyclability of ionic liquids, an excellent yield of monomers, and relatively moderate conditions, ionic liquids have been widely used in depolymerizing the polymers with heteroatom-containing main chain, which are processing a stepwise ionic depolymerization mechanism. Moreover, because water is economical and environmentally friendly, depolymerization via hydrolysis is also worthy of research. Finally, some biological methods are prevailing because of their high selectivity, high efficiency, and mild conditions, although the mechanisms are still obscure that there have been only a few uniform theories, such as oxidizing-degrading mechanism, hydrolysis mechanism.

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Memarian, Hamid R., and Behjat Barati. "Catalytic Effect of Basic Alumina in the Dehydrogenation of 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-0914.

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4-Alkyl- or 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were oxidized to the pyridine derivatives by tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate (n-Bu4N)2S2O8 (TBAPD) in combination with basic alumina in refluxing acetonitrile and also in the absence or presence of basic alumina under microwave irradiation. The presence of basic alumina plays an important role in the reaction mechanism. Whereas oxidation under thermal condition is assumed to occur through an ionic mechanism, ionic and also radical mechanisms are proposed for the reactions under microwave irradiation.

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Dyre, Jeppe C. "On the mechanism of glass ionic conductivity." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 88, no. 2-3 (December 1986): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(86)80030-8.

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Iwabuchi, Kosei, Toshiyuki Kaneko, and Munehiro Kikuyama. "Ionic Mechanism of Mechano-perception in Characeae." Plant and Cell Physiology 46, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pci204.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ionic mechanism"

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Wassell, D. F. "Mechanism and structure in ionic liquids." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403156.

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Nyberg, Erik. "Lubrication mechanism of hydrocarbon-mimicking ionic liquids." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Maskinelement, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65505.

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Lubrication is critical in order to achieve high efficiency and reliability of machine elements such as gears, bearings, and other moving mechanical assemblies (MMA). In space applications, tribological properties of lubricants are quickly growing more important. Traditional space systems such as satellites imply MMA such as gyroscopes, antenna pointing mechanisms, and solar array drives. These MMA operate in high vacuum (<10-5 Pa) under lightly loaded conditions. Modern space missions on the other hand, such as remotely operated vehicles used for in-situ Mars exploration relies on different types of MMA. In these robotic systems, electromechanical actuators are being used extensively to provide controlled motion. Gears and bearings in these actuators operate in an atmosphere mainly consisting of CO2 at ~10+3 Pa under heavily loaded contact conditions. In these conditions, the tribosystem is likely to operate in the boundary lubricated regime, with consequent risk of high friction and wear. High molecular weight fluids have significant heritage in space because of their low vapor pressure. They are currently employed as lubricants in a wide range of space applications, as they meet high demands on resistance to vacuum outgassing. Unfortunately, the large molecules are susceptible to degradation under heavy load. Ionic liquids (ILs) on the other hand, are synthetic fluids that consist entirely of ion pairs with opposing charge. The resulting ion bonds enable inherently low vapor pressure of the fluid without the need for a high molecular weight. For this reason ILs have been advocated as potential lubricants for space applications, but so far compatibility issues have hampered their use as lubricants. Countless IL variations are possible, and solutions are thus likely to exist. Constituent ions can be designed individually and combined in various configurations. However, the fundamental understanding of the lubricating mechanism of ionic liquids is still incomplete, and consequently the optimum molecular structure for IL lubricants remain unknown. In this thesis, a stepwise approach to molecular design of IL lubricants is described, and the resulting hydrocarbon-mimicking ionic liquids are evaluated in tribological experiments. In this thesis, the experiments focus on tribological performance, using steel-steel tribopairs in air environment under boundary lubrication (Paper I). Boundary film formation under a range of contact pressures and temperatures, is analyzed after tribotesting by optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X- iii ray spectroscopy (EDS) in Paper II. The analysis reveal formation of a highly effective boundary film based on silicate, that can be further enhanced by amine additives. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of improving tribological performance of ionic liquids by molecular design.
Projekt: Rymdforskarskolan 2015

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Patterson, Adele. "Retention properties of porous graphite." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342124.

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Brandell, Daniel. "Understanding Ionic Conductivity in Crystalline Polymer Electrolytes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5734.

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Huang, Yan. "Micro- and Nanogel Formation through the Ionic Crosslinking of Polyelectrolytes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1417781855.

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Mendonça, Carlos Miguel Nóbrega. "Interactions between ionic liquids and cell membrane models." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13836.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia Molecular
This work proposes the study of the interactions, at a molecular level, between diverse ionic liquids (ILs) and the membrane cells, by applying membrane cell models, namely Langmuir-Blodgett technique. We intend to establish a better understanding about the role of the interactions of ILs with membrane cells, in specific, the imidazolium and choliniumcholinium families. Hence, we propose the evaluation of the effect of the concentration as well as of the alkyl chain lengths of imidazolium ILs, on the lipid monolayers organization and stability and compare it with the behaviour of choliniumcholinium ILs. Summing up, this work is expected to provide an insight into the molecular mechanism contributing to the IL toxic activity that should help in the design of less toxic ILs.
Este trabalho propõe o estudo das interações, ao nível molecular, entre diversos líquidos iónicos (ILs) e membranas celulares mediante a aplicação de modelos de membrana celular segundo a técnica de Langmuir Blodgett. Pretendemos estabelecer uma melhor compreensão sobre o papel fundamental das interações de ILs com as membranas celulares, em particular os ILs da família imidazólio e colina. Assim, propõe-se a avaliação do efeito da concentração, bem como dos comprimentos da cadeia alquílica de ILs da família imidazólio, na organização e estabilidade de monocamadas lipídicas e a comparação com o comportamento de líquidos iónicos da família das Colinas. Em suma, este trabalho pretende fornecer uma visão sobre os factores moleculares que contribuem para a toxicidade dos ILs, que possam ajudar no desenvolvimento de ILs menos tóxicos.

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Marrocchelli, Dario. "Studying the conduction mechanism of stabilised zirconias by means of molecular dynamics simulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4631.

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Stabilised zirconias have a remarkable variety of technological and commercial applications, e.g., thermal barrier coatings, gas sensors, solid oxide fuel cells, ceramic knives and even fashion jewelry. This amazing versatility seems to originate from the creation of atomic defects (oxide ion vacancies) in the zirconia crystal. Indeed, these vacancies, and their interactions with other vacancies or cations, dramatically affect the structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of zirconia. This thesis is concerned with the study of the role of the vacancy interactions on the conducting properties of these materials. This study was performed by using realistic, first-principles based molecular dynamics simulations. The first system studied in this thesis is Zr0:5 0:5xY0:5+0:25xNb0:25xO7. This has a fixed number of vacancies across the series but its conductivity changes by almost two orders of magnitude as a function of x. For this reason, Zr0:5 0:5xY0:5+0:25xNb0:25xO7 represents an ideal test-bed for the role of the cation species on the defect interactions and therefore on the ionic conductivity of these materials. Realistic inter-atomic potentials for Zr0:5 0:5xY0:5+0:25xNb0:25xO7 were developed on a purely first-principles basis. The observed trends of decreasing conductivity and increasing disorder with increasing Nb5+ content were successfully reproduced. These trends were traced to the influences of the cation charges and relative sizes and their effect on vacancy ordering by carrying out additional calculations in which, for instance, the charges of the cations were equalised. The effects of cation ordering were considered as well and their influence on the conductivity understood. The second part of this thesis deals with Sc2O3–doped (ScSZ) and Y2O3–doped (YSZ) zirconias. These systems are of great academic and technological interest as they find use in solid oxide fuel cells. Inter-atomic potentials were parametrised and used to predict the structural and conducting properties of these materials, which were found to agree very well with the experimental evidence. The simulations were then used to study the role of the vacancy interactions on the conducting properties of these materials. Two factors were found to influence the ionic conductivity in these materials: cation-vacancy and vacancy-vacancy interactions. The former is responsible for the difference in conductivity observed between YSZ and ScSZ. Vacancies, in fact, prefer to bind to the smaller Zr4+ ions in YSZ whereas there is not a strong preference in the case of ScSZ, since the cations have similar sizes in this case. This effect is observed at temperatures as high as T = 1500 K. Finally, it was found that vacancies tend to order so that they can minimise their mutual interaction and that this ordering tendency is what ultimately is responsible for the observed anomalous decrease of the ionic conductivity with increasing dopant concentration. The consequences of such a behaviour are discussed.

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Zhang, Yu. "Reaction and growth mechanism of metal nanostructures formed at the electrochemically polarizable interfaces between ionic liquids and water." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253295.

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Sebastián, Paula. "Surface Influence on the First Stages of Metal Electrodeposition in Ionic Liquids." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/79870.

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Esta tesis es un estudio profundo de las propiedades interfaciales Metal|líquido iónico (LI), y como estas influyen en las primeras etapas de formación de electrodepósito metálico. Dos líquidos iónicos, de dos familias diferentes, se han escogido para el análisis: un Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL): [Emmim][Tf2N]; y un Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES): 1ChCl:2urea. Para estudiar la influencia superficial en los distintos procesos, se empleó monocristales de platino (Pt(111)) y de oro Au(hkl), principalmente. El análisis inicial de las propiedades interfaciales M(hkl)|LI se realizó utilizando, entre otras técnicas, la técnica de salto de temperatura con láser pulsante, técnica que además permitió estimar el valor de potencial de carga (valor característico de la interfase metal|electrolito) en cada caso. Una vez caracterizados electroquímicamente estos sistemas, ambos LIs se utilizaron para estudiar el depósito metálico en distintas superficies tanto orientadas como poliorientadas. En concreto, se investigó el depósito de Ag y Cu en DES y sobre carbono vítreo, obteniendo que el DES influenciaba el mecanismo de nucleación y crecimiento y permitía modular el tamaño de grano. Se analizó la formación de ad-capas UPD de Cu en Au(hkl) y en DES, observándose dependencia del proceso con la orientación del sustrato y el tipo de electrolito. Finalmente, se evaluó la aplicabilidad de estos dos solventes para modificar un sustrato orientado de platino (Pt(111)) con Ni, y la sensibilidad superficial del proceso, para ello combinando técnicas clásicas como voltametría cíclica y cronoamperometría con técnicas ex-situ como SEM y AFM (para recubrimientos de baja cobertura). El presente trabajo doctoral muestra el potencial de estos solventes para modificar una superficie con distinto metales y de forma sencilla, a través de la técnica formación de depósito electroquímico, abriendo la posibilidad de utilizar estos novedosos solventes para el diseño de nuevos materiales.

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Sun, Zhenchao. "Morphological Property Variation and Ionic Transfer Behaviors of Solid Reactants in Fe-based and CaO-based Chemical Looping Processes." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343072329.

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Books on the topic "Ionic mechanism"

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Went, Charles. Ionic Organic Mechanisms. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07964-3.

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Erusalimskii, B. L. Mechanisms of Ionic Polymerization. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8392-5.

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Erusalimskii, B. L. Mechanisms of Ionic Polymerization: Current Problems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987.

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Erusalimskiĭ, B. L. Mechanisms of ionic polymerization: Current problems. New York: Consultants Bureau, 1986.

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Celano, Umberto. Metrology and Physical Mechanisms in New Generation Ionic Devices. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39531-9.

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Brown, A. M. Ionic mechanisms of aglycemic axon injury in mammalian central white mater. Philadelphia, Penn: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., 2001.

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Farley, Joseph. Ionic mechanisms subserving mechanosensory transduction and neural integration in statocyst hair cells of Hermissenda: Final technical report. Princeton, N.J: Dept. of Psychology, Princeton University, 1988.

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Nasmith, Patricia Elizabeth. Mechanism and effect of ionic changes during neutrophil activation. 1989.

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Mechanisms of Ionic Polymerization. Springer My Copy UK, 1986.

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Ionic Organic Mechanisms (Dimensions of Science). Palgrave Macmillan, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ionic mechanism"

1

Storey, R. F., C. L. Curry, and T. L. Maggio. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Living Cationic Polymerization of Olefins." In Ionic Polymerizations and Related Processes, 161–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4627-2_10.

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Singh, Seema, and Blake A. Simmons. "Ionic Liquid Pretreatment: Mechanism, Performance, and Challenges." In Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals, 223–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975831.ch11.

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Ward, Ian M., and Hugh V. St A. Hubbard. "Polymer Gel Electrolytes: Conduction Mechanism and Battery Applications." In Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules, 817–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118165850.ch21.

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Calcote, Haetwell F., and Robert J. Gill. "Comparison of the Ionic Mechanism of Soot Formation with a Free Radical Mechanism." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 471–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85167-4_26.

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Gallego, Mónica, and Oscar Casis. "Cellular Mechanism Underlying the Misfunction of Cardiac Ionic Channels in Diabetes." In Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, 189–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9317-4_11.

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Deamer, David W., Hugh Olsen, Mark A. Akeson, and John J. Kasianowicz. "Mechanism of Ionic Current Blockades during Polymer Transport through Pores of Nanometer Dimensions." In Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymers, 165–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0401-5_10.

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Volkov, Vitaly I., Evgeny V. Volkov, and Serge F. Timashev. "The Mechanism for Ionic and Water Transport in Nafion Membranes from Resonance Data." In Magnetic Resonance in Colloid and Interface Science, 267–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0534-0_21.

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Nair, Manjula G., Rajesh Deb, Tohru Tsuruoka, and Saumya R. Mohapatra. "Investigation of Proton Transport Mechanism in Protic Ionic Liquid Based Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes." In Proceedings of 28th National Conference on Condensed Matter Physics, 83–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5407-7_11.

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Godt, R. E., R. T. H. Fogaça, M. A. W. Andrews, and T. M. Nosek. "Influence of Ionic Strength on Contractile Force and Energy Consumption of Skinned Fibers From Mammalian and Crustacean Striated Muscle." In Mechanism of Myofilament Sliding in Muscle Contraction, 763–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2872-2_67.

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Yamada, K., Y. Emoto, K. Horiuti, and K. Tawada. "Effects of Ionic Strength on Force Transients Induced by Flash Photolysis of Caged ATP in Covalently Crosslinked Rabbit Psoas Muscle Fibers." In Mechanism of Myofilament Sliding in Muscle Contraction, 489–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2872-2_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ionic mechanism"

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SAITO, YURIA, and HIROSHI KATAOKA. "IONIC CONDUCTION MECHANISM OF POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES." In Proceedings of the 8th Asian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776259_0028.

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Pandita, Surya D., Hyoung Tae Lim, Youngtai Yoo, and Hoon Cheol Park. "Degradation mechanism of ionic polymer actuators containing ionic liquids as a mixed solvent." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.658115.

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Oliveira, Vanda Maria de, Richard Silva de Jesus, Paulo A. Z. Suares, Joel C. Rubim, and and Brenno A. D. Neto. "Catalytic aminolysis from esters and carboxylic acids in ionic liquids: mechanism, enhanced ionic liquid effect and its origin." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0326-1.

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Gao, Fei, and Lisa M. Weiland. "Modeling of the Electromechanical Response of Ionic Polymer Transducers by Means of Streaming Potential Mechanism." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-375.

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A model for the electromechanical sensing response of ionic polymer transducers (IPTs) by means of a streaming potential mechanism is presented. It is argued that incomplete pairing of covalently attached pendant ionic groups with their electro-neutralizing counterions establishes the existence of a flowing electrolyte within the ionic polymer. This electrolyte exists in the hydrophilic phase of the otherwise hydrophobic material. The streaming potential is generated as the electrolyte flows past electroded regions interspersed within the hydrophobic phase. The model is developed for a recently argued parallel nanochannel morphology in Nafion® membrane, but is applicable to any two-phase ionic polymer morphology. Further, while this preliminary study considers only the bending mode, the proposed mechanism is readily adaptable to the other three modes of sensing (tension, compression, and shear).

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Zangrilli, Ursula T., and Lisa M. Weiland. "Ionic Polymer Transducer Sensing Response to Shear Deformation." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3763.

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Ionic polymer transducers (IPTs) show promise as both actuators and sensors. However, experiments show that the voltage required to actuate these materials is not symmetric to the voltage in sensing response of these materials. Therefore, the physical mechanism responsible for actuation is different than the mechanism for sensing. It is hypothesized that the physical mechanism responsible for sensing is streaming potential, as this supposition can explain the existence of an IPT response in any mode of deformation. This work will look specifically at developing a model of IPT sensing response to shear deformation. The scale at which the proposed mechanism operates is on the micro level, thus the study explores the implications of IPT phenomena at this length scale, but then volume averages it to the transducer length scale.

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Liu, Peng, Jiangrong Kong, Xianfeng Yang, and Qicheng Liu. "Preparation and ionic conductive mechanism of novel electrolyte for automobile oxygen sensor." In 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emeit.2012.361.

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Whitesides, George M., Samuel W. Thomas, and Meital Reches. "Physical-organic studies of ionic electrets: Mechanism of formation, molecular design, and applications." In 2008 13th International Symposium on Electrets ISE 13. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ise.2008.4813985.

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Abidin, S. Z. Z., M. S. Sak Ari, S. Navaratnam, N. K. Jaafar, and M. Z. A. Yahya. "Ionic conduction mechanism of potato starch–based biopolymer electrolytes complexed with potassium hydroxide." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066664.

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Liang, Zhiding. "A comprehensive understanding of conductive mechanism of RRAM: from electron conduction to ionic dynamics." In 2020 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceect50755.2020.9298665.

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Su, Yadi, Sara Toufouki, Min Lin, and Gang Wang. "Adsorption and mechanism of proteins on a polymer material of ionic liquid-based gel." In MATERIALS SCIENCE, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY & POWER ENGINEERING IV (MEP 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079111.

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Reports on the topic "Ionic mechanism"

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Calcote, H. F., and D. G. Keil. Ionic Mechanisms of Soot Formation in Flames. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173631.

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Cramer, Grant R., and Nirit Bernstein. Mechanisms for Control of Leaf Growth during Salinity Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570555.bard.

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In the project "Mechanisms for Control of Leaf Growth during Salinity Stress" ionic and enzymatic changes in the cells and cell walls of the expanding region of salt-stressed maize leaves were evaluated. Conventional numerical techniques for REG estimation were reevaluated; 'Greens' method was recommended and applied throughout the project for growth intensity estimation. Salinity slowed leaf development and reduced leaf size, but increased cell development within the leaf-growing zone. Leaf elongation rate was most affected by salinity from the region of maximal growth to the distal end; the basal region was largely unaffected. Creep assays indicated that the physical properties of the cell wall were not altered. Furthermore, pH or protein concentrations in the apoplastic space were not altered. Salinity decreased in half the concentrations of putative oligosaccharides in both the apoplast and the Golgi vesicles, suggesting that salinity reduced oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Salinity significantly increased solute concentrations in the vacuoles, but the ion concentrations tested remain unchanged in the vacuole. Most importantly, salinity increased the ion concentrations in the apoplast, particularly Cl-concentrations. The evidence obtained clearly points to the biochemical and ionic components of the apoplast as otential factors controlling leaf elongation of salt-stressed plants.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.

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