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Journal articles on the topic 'Ion modified carbon'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Kovach, G., A. Karacs, G. Radnoczi, H. Csorbai, L. Guczi, M. Veres, M. Koos, L. Papadimitriou, A. Sólyom, and G. Pető. "Modified π-states in ion-irradiated carbon." Applied Surface Science 254, no. 9 (February 2008): 2790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.10.051.

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2

Ma, Haiwen, Kunquan Li, and Qiangfei Chai. "Chemical Modification of Bagasse-Based Mesoporous Carbons for Chromium(III) Ion Adsorption." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 15, no. 1_suppl (June 16, 2017): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000358.

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Aims Modified bagasse-based mesoporous carbons were prepared for the efficient chromium(III) ion adsorption and removal from aqueous solutions. Methods Mesoporous carbons were prepared from bagasse with H3PO4 activation and subsequently oxidized with nitric acid and modified with ethylenediamine. Results The results showed that the modified carbon was rich in mesopores, oxygen and nitrogen-containing groups, and the Cr(III) adsorption capacity was greatly improved after modification, which was found to be higher than both pristine and oxidized carbons. The Cr(III) adsorption capacity on modified carbon was significantly influenced by the solution pH, and the optimum pH was 6 with the maximum Cr(III) adsorption capacity up to 24.61mg/g, which was almost 3 times higher than that for pristine carbon. Thermodynamic results manifested the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Kinetic rates fitted the pseudo-second-order model very well. XPS study indicated the amino group was a key factor of the high efficient adsorption.

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3

Rozhdestvenska, Liudmyla, Kateryna Kudelko, Yevhen Kolomiiets, Yuliya Dzyazko, and Volodymyr Ogenko. "MEMBRANES FUNCTIONALIZED WITH 1d, 2d and 3d CARBON MATERIALS." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 87, no. 4 (May 17, 2021): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.87.04.2021.79-110.

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Modification of polymer and ceramic membranes by modern one-, two- and three- dimensional carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and their derivatives, oxidized and reduced graphene) is considered. It is shown that carbon materials can be incorporated into membrane matrices both as independent components and as a part of multicomponent modifier. The main methods of modification are the addition of modifiers to the polymer solution with subsequent making of polymer membranes, incorporation of nanoparticles of carbon nanomaterials into the pristine membranes, deposition on the outer membrane surface, formation of nanoparticles directly in the pores of the ceramic matrix. Composite membranes containing carbon nanoparticles are used for pervaporation, gas separation, baromembrane processes and low-temperature fuel cells. The addition of carbon nanomaterials to polymers provides better mechanical strength of the membranes. Hydrophilic carbon modifiers increase the resistance of membranes to fouling by organic substances and biofouling, improves their separation ability. Ion-exchange membranes modified with fullerenol and oxidized graphene maintain high proton conductivity at elevated temperatures and low humidity. Сarbon additives increase membrane productivity in baromembrane processes. This effect is especially evident for materials modified with nanotubes: their smooth surface ensures fast liquid transport. These carbon nanomaterials are characterized by antibacterial activity. Composites consisting of nanotubes and an ion-exchange biopolymer, and composites with oxidized graphene and inorganic ion exchanger, give to membranes selectivity to inorganic ions. Ceramic membranes modified with carbon nanoparticles that were formed in the pores of matrices by carbonization of synthetic polymers and polysaccharides have the same properties. Besides, these composites reject organic dyes too. The separating ability of composite membranes ocuures due to both dimensional and charge effects. Carbon or composite nanoparticles block the pores of the membranes. The pores formed by the modifier prevent penetration of large particles of organic substances, for example, protein macromolecules. The charge effect is realized due to the functional groups of the modifier. For membranes modified with fullerenols, the retaining of low molecular weight organic substances occurs due to adsorption. Fullerene-modified gas separation and pervaporation membranes show increased permeability and selectivity.

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4

Park, Hong-ran, Jiyeon Choi, Seungcheol Yang, Sung Jo Kwak, Sung-il Jeon, Moon Hee Han, and Dong Kook Kim. "Surface-modified spherical activated carbon for high carbon loading and its desalting performance in flow-electrode capacitive deionization." RSC Advances 6, no. 74 (2016): 69720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02480g.

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We fabricated surface modified activated carbons covered with ion-selective polymer. These materials can be used as powerful dispersants and flow electrodes, and improved desalting efficiency by high carbon loading via electrostatic repulsion.

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5

Gong, Yan, and Huifeng Liang. "Nickel ion detection by imidazole modified carbon dots." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 211 (March 2019): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.024.

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6

Chen, Acong, Xin Xin, Jie Xu, Yu Bian, and Zhaoyong Bian. "Cadmium ion adsorption by amine-modified activated carbon." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 7 (January 24, 2017): 1675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.042.

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals found in water and sediments. In the effort to develop an effective adsorbent for aqueous Cd removal, activated carbon (AC) was modified with an amino-terminated organosilicon (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, APS). Response surface methodology was used to optimize selected operational parameters of adsorption of aqueous Cd by considering a central composite design with three input variables, temperature of the mixture solution, the contact time and feed ratio (APS/AC), on the surface modification. Results demonstrated that the strong Cd-binding amine ligands were effectively introduced onto the AC surfaces through the silanol reaction between carbon surface functional groups (–COOH, –COH) and APS molecules. The optimized preparation condition is 77 °C, 4 h and 2.1 ratio. The adsorbent presented a favorable adsorption of the aqueous Cd(II).

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7

Chen, Jun, Jiao Zhao Wang, Andrew I. Minett, Yong Liu, Carol Lynam, Huakun Liu, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Carbon nanotube network modified carbon fibre paper for Li-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 2, no. 4 (2009): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b816135f.

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8

Xiao, Kai, Baris Kumru, Lu Chen, Lei Jiang, Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt, and Markus Antonietti. "A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (June 27, 2019): 1316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.130.

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A controllable ion transport including ion selectivity and ion rectification across nanochannels or porous membranes is of great importance because of potential applications ranging from biosensing to energy conversion. Here, a nanofluidic ion diode was realized by modifying carbon nitride nanotubes with different molecules yielding an asymmetric surface charge that allows for ion rectification. With the advantages of low-cost, thermal and mechanical robustness, and simple fabrication process, carbon nitride nanotubes with ion rectification have the potential to be used in salinity-gradient energy conversion and ion sensor systems.

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9

Orzeszko, S., John A. Woollam, David C. Ingram, and A. W. McCormick. "Optical properties of ion‐beam‐deposited ion‐modified diamondlike (a‐C:H) carbon." Journal of Applied Physics 64, no. 5 (September 1988): 2611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341651.

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10

Teranishi, Yoshikazu, Masanori Ishizuka, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Isao Nakamura, Takahiko Uematu, Takeshi Yasuda, Atsushi Mitsuo, and Kazuo Morikawa. "Glass carbon surface modified by the fluorine ion irradiation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 272 (February 2012): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.01.123.

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11

Zhu, Jianzhong, John Yang, and Baolin Deng. "Enhanced mercury ion adsorption by amine-modified activated carbon." Journal of Hazardous Materials 166, no. 2-3 (July 30, 2009): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.095.

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12

Villevieille, C., M. Van Thournout, J. Scoyer, C. Tessier, J. Olivier-Fourcade, J. C. Jumas, and L. Monconduit. "Carbon modified Li2Ti3O7 ramsdellite electrode for Li-ion batteries." Electrochimica Acta 55, no. 23 (September 2010): 7080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.052.

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13

Abu Shawish, Hazem M., Salman M. Saadeh, Hassan Tamos, Khalid I. Abed-Almonem, and Osama Al khalili. "A new potentiometric sensor for the determination of ketamine hydrochloride in ampoules and urine." Analytical Methods 7, no. 1 (2015): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay01986e.

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Ketamine drug in urine and pharmaceutical preparations was determined by a new chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) based on an ion-exchanger of ketamine hydrochloride with sodium tetraphenylborate (KT-TPB) as a chemical modifier.

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14

Prikhodko, Oleg, Nurlan Manabaev, Nazim Guseynov, Suyumbika Maksimova, Svetlana Mikhailova, and Gani Assanov. "Optical Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon Films Modified by Platinum." Advanced Materials Research 660 (February 2013): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.660.47.

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15

Ondon, Brim Stevy, Bing Sun, Zhi Yu Yan, Xiao Mei Zhu, and Hui Liu. "Microwave Preparation of Modified Activated Carbons for Phenol Adsorption in Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1883.

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Microwave energy was used to prepare modified activated carbons (GAC, GAC/MW, GAC/Ni, and GAC/Cu). The modified activated carbons were used for phenol adsorption in aqueous solution. The adsorption conditions were optimized. Adsorption capacities of the different modified activated carbons were evaluated. The effect of microwave pretreatment of activated carbons was investigated. A comparative study on the activated carbons adsorption capacities was also investigated. Under optimal conditions the results showed that there was no obvious effect on activated carbons adsorption when rising temperature and pH during the adsorption process. Stirring has a very high effect on the activated carbons adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbons reaches 95%. MW/GAC, GAC/Ni and GAC/Cu adsorptive capacity was higher compared to the Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) used as received. GAC treated with microwave energy has highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of GAC loaded with ion Ni2+ is higher than the activated carbon loaded with Cu2+. The untreated GAC has the lowest adsorption capacity. These results can be explained by the effect of microwave irradiation on GAC.The activated carbon loaded with Ni2+ adsorbs more microwave energy than the GAC loaded with Cu2+.

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16

Luo, Wen-bin, Lei Wen, Hong-ze Luo, Ren-sheng Song, Yu-chun Zhai, Chang Liu, and Feng Li. "Carbon nanotube-modified LiFePO4 for high rate lithium ion batteries." Carbon 81 (January 2015): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.08.034.

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17

Luo, Wen-bin, Lei Wen, Hong-ze Luo, Ren-sheng Song, Yu-chun Zhai, Chang Liu, and Feng Li. "Carbon nanotube-modified LiFePO4 for high rate lithium ion batteries." New Carbon Materials 29, no. 4 (August 2014): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-5805(14)60138-4.

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18

Wang, Jian, Yongli Cui, Yue Gu, Huimin Xu, Yueli Shi, Zhicheng Ju, and Quanchao Zhuang. "Coal-Based modified Carbon for High Performance Sodium-Ion Battery." Solid State Ionics 368 (October 2021): 115701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2021.115701.

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19

Švorčik, Václav, Vladimír Rybka, Oleg Jankovskij, Vladimír Hnatowicz, and Jiří Kvítek. "Electrical resistivity of carbon black loaded polyethylene modified by ion implantation." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 3 (March 1994): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0643.

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Different properties of the mixtures of polyethylene with carbon black modified by the implantation of Sb+ ions were studied. Chemical changes of polymer were examined by IR- and UV-visible spectroscopy. Sheet resistivity as a function of sample temperature was studied. Depth profiles of implanted Sb atoms and incorporated oxygen were determined by the Rutherford backscattering technique. The percolation threshold of unimplanted mixtures is found at 4.5 and 5 wt. % of carbon black. As a result of ion implantation, the polymer is oxidized and conjugated double bonds are produced. The mixtures with carbon black concentration above percolation threshold exhibit metal-like conductivity. For the mixtures below percolation threshold, the measurements of resistivity versus temperature dependence indicate semiconductor type conductivity and charge transport via a variable range-hopping mechanism.

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20

Beloglazova, Polina A., Ivan P. Chernov, Yuriy P. Cherdantsev, and Natalia Pushilina. "Influence of Carbon Pulse Ion Beam on Titanium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1084 (January 2015): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.30.

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We have researched the influence of the carbon pulse ion beam on samples of technical titanium VT1-0. The beam energy was 200 kV; the pulse duration, 80 ns; the energy density, 1.92 J/cm2. It was established that the 1.8 µm deep modified layer with high hardness and low rate of hydrogen sorption in the bulk of material was formed during the exposure to the carbon pulse ion beam.

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21

Iwaki, Masaya. "Ion Beam Modification of Carbon Materials." Solid State Phenomena 107 (October 2005): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.107.107.

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A study has been made of surface properties of carbon materials modified by ion beams. Substrates used were natural diamonds, glass-like carbon plates and polymer sheets. Ion species were chemically-active elements such as C, N and O, inert gas elements such as He, Ne and Ar, and metallic elements such as Cr and Ti. It was found that diamond becomes electrically conductive in ion implanted layers, which are amorphous or graphite-like structures. Electrical conductivity depends on implanted species, doses and target temperatures. It was found that glass-like carbon consisting of graphite and disordered graphite becomes amorphous due to ion beam bombardment. Amorphization causes the wear resistance to improve. The electrochemical properties changes depending on implanted species. The wear resistance and electrochemical properties depended on the target temperature during ion implantation. Ion beam bombardment to polymers has been carried out to control the electrical conductivity, cell adhesion and bio-compatibility. The electrical conductivity of polyimide films increases as the dose increases. The saturated sheet resistivity of implanted layers depends on ion species, dose and dose rate. It was found that the cell adhesion can be controlled by ion beam bombardment. The results were used in the fields of clinical examinations. In summary, ion beam bombardment to carbon materials is useful to control the carbon structures and surface properties depending on ion implantation conditions.

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22

Shamsipur, Mojtaba, Mahmoud Roushani, Seied Pourmortazavi, and Nahid Shahabadi. "Amperometric determination of sulfide ion by glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and copper (II) phenanthroline complex." Open Chemistry 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0552-0.

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AbstractElectrocatalytic oxidation of sulfide ion on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a copper (II) complex was investigated. The Cu(II) complex was used due to the reversibility of the Cu(II)/Cu(III) redox couple. The MWCNTs are evaluated as a transducer, stabilizer and immobilization matrix for the construction of amperometric sensor based on Cu(II) complex adsorbed on MWCNTs immobilized on the surface of GCE. The modified GCE was applied to the selective amperometric detection of sulfide at a potential of 0.47 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 8.0. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 5 µM–400 µM; while the limit of detection was 1.2 µM, the sensitivity was 34 nA µM−1. The interference effects of SO3 2−, SO4 2−, S2O3 2−, S4O6 2−, Cysteine, and Cystein were negligible at the concentration ratios more than 40 times. The modified electrode is more stable with time and more easily restorable than unmodified electrode surface. Also, modified electrode permits detection of sulfide ion by its oxidation at lower anodic potentials.

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23

Marimuthu, Alexander, and Kannaiyan Pandian. "Electrochemical Detection of Hydrazine Using Cobalt Hexacynoferrate Deposited Carbon Sphere Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.324.

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Cobalt hexacynoferrate decorated carbon spheres (CoHCF@C) with few micron dimensions was synthesized by sequential deposition method in which the carbon sphere previously modified with cobalt ion exposed into potassium ferricyanide. The thickness of the CoHCF layer was restricted to five cycles. The formation of layer CoHCF was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, HRSEM, EDX and cyclic voltammeter technique. The CoHCF decorated carbon sphere modified GCE was utilized as electron transfer mediator for electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine in phosphate buffer medium. The electrocatalytic behavior of modified electrode on oxidation of hydrazine is compared with bare GCE. The amperometry method was adapted for the quantitative detection of hydrazine in water samples.

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24

Li, Wang, Hu Yusha, Lu Yifei, Fu Jiangtao, Hu Ning, and Ma Li. "Desalination mechanism of modified activated carbon/carbon nanotubes composite electrode." Water Supply 19, no. 7 (June 3, 2019): 2054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.082.

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Abstract Modified activated carbon/carbon nanotubes (AC*/CNT*) composite electrode was used as the electrode in a capacitive deionization (CDI) process for desalination in this study. The morphology and electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrode were discussed, and the results showed that after modification, the specific surface area of AC* reached 672.48 m2/g, increased by 29.43%; while the specific surface area of CNT* was 117.39 m2/g, reduced by 9.94% due to the strong oxidation of the mixed acid, the pore volume of CNT* increased by 48.28%. The electrode regeneration test proved that the electrode had good cycling stability. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model could better describe the adsorption rate of the electrodes for ions and the desalination ratio of the AC*/CNT* electrode reached 7.11 mg/g; the Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption mechanism of capacitive deionization, and indicated that the adsorption process of CDI was near to single ion layer adsorption; the change trend of electric mobility with migration time could be well fitted by exponential equations. This study explored a novel composite electrode coating, and initially explored the behavioral characteristics and trends of CDI technology.

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25

Li, Qin Tao, Rong Hu, Xian Rui Zhao, Zhi Gang Li, and Yan Ping Liu. "Enhanced Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes Coated by Nanoparticles of Turbostratic Stacked Graphenes." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.479.

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The field emission (FE) of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified by hydrocarbon ion treatment with an energy of 80 eV has been demonstrated. Compared with untreated CNTs, the turn-on field and the threshold field of the modified CNTs decreased significantly. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate that, after hydrocarbon ion treatment, the CNTs are coated by amorphous carbon layer at 300°C of substrate temperature and nanoparticles of graphene stacks at 700°C. It is considered that both amorphous carbon and stacked graphene coating layer can decrease the effective surface work function of CNTs and thus increase FE.

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26

Horazdovsky, Tomas, and Radka Vrbova. "Tribomechanical Properties of a Carbon-Based Nanolayer Prepared by Nitrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition for Finger Joint Replacements." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3749309.

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This paper presents the tribomechanical test results of Ti6Al4V alloy modified by carbon-based nanolayers with a thickness of 20 nm and 40 nm, prepared by nitrogen ion beam assisted deposition. The presence of carbon and nitrogen compounds was observed in the modified surface after ion bombardment. Nonstoichiometric TiNx was mainly detected near the interface nanolayer/titanium substrate and in the substrate itself. Ion bombardment led to an improved surface hardness of ~13 GPa in comparison to unmodified Ti6Al4V titanium alloy (~5.5 GPa) and alloy coated by carbon nanolayer without nitrogen ion assistance (~7 GPa). The decreasing of friction coefficient was achieved from 0.5–0.6 for untreated Ti6Al4V alloy to 0.1 for treated Ti6Al4V alloy. Wear testing using a joint wear simulator proved that the modified Ti6Al4V alloy has a higher resistance compared to the unmodified Ti6Al4V alloy. The primary local wear fault of the treated surface was observed after 240,000 cycles in comparison to enormous wear on the untreated surface after just 10,000 cycles. Treating the Ti6Al4V load-bearing components of implants with carbon-based nanolayers assisted by nitrogen ions is very promising in terms of extending the lifetime of implants and thereby reduces patient burden.

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27

Jayaraman, Sundaramurthy, Srinivasan Madhavi, and Vanchiappan Aravindan. "High energy Li-ion capacitor and battery using graphitic carbon spheres as an insertion host from cooking oil." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 7 (2018): 3242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09905c.

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We report a facile low-temperature synthesis of graphitic carbons with a spherically shaped morphology (CO-CS) and high purity by the modified catalytic chemical vapour deposition using vegetable cooking oil as a carbon source.

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28

Li, Qin Tao, and Hong Jun Wang. "Carbon Nanotubes Decorated by Carbon Nanospheres through Hydrocarbon Ion Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.541.

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The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified by the carbon particles with diameter of 120-180 nm are prepared by using hydrocarbon ion deposition techniques. Based on the investigation of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the CNTs are decorated by some nanospheres with size of 120-180 nm randomly, and the full CNTs surface besides the area of nanosphere is coated by the graphene stacks with size of 10-15 nm. The nanospheres are composed of several nanoparticles of graphene stacks and are seamless connected with graphene stacks. The sparse distribution CNTs on Si substrate is crucial for the formation of carbon nanospheres. The formation of carbon nanospheres proceeds through the following three stages: the formation of graphene nanoparticle on CNTs surface and silicon substrate – the migration of active hydrocarbon groups towards the surface of the CNTs deposition zone at high temperature – the formation of carbon nanospheres by the aggregating hydrocarbon active groups.

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29

Jung, Hyun Young, Sanghyun Hong, Ami Yu, Sung Mi Jung, Sun Kyoung Jeoung, and Yung Joon Jung. "Efficient lithium storage from modified vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with open-ends." RSC Advances 5, no. 84 (2015): 68875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14263f.

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30

Zhao, Jintao, Junpeng Shao, Zhenjie Zhang, Bo Liang, and Xiaoxiao Liu. "Preparation and characterization analysis of carbon nanotubes and graphene electrode modified carbon nanotubes reinforced IPMC." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 8 (August 2021): 168781402110407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211040717.

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IPMC is a new type of polymer material that will act violently to the stimulation of electrical signals. IPMC has changed the traditional mechanical driving mode. However, the development of IPMC is limited by factors like manufacture cost. In order to reduce the manufacture cost of IPMC, improve the output displacement and output force of IPMC, and make IPMC closer to real life, in this paper, we use carbon nanotubes to modify the ion exchange membrane of IPMC, and PDDA to modify carbon nanotubes and graphene. A graphite plated electrode and a carbon nanotube electrode were coated on a platinum plated IPMC. The common modified Pt-IPMC, carbon nanotubes modified Pt-IPMC, carbon nanotubes modified GS-IPMC, and carbon nanotubes modified CNT-IPMC were prepared. Through the experiment, it is found that the maximum output displacement of GS-IPMC modified by carbon nanotubes is 4.9 mm, and the maximum output force is 39 mN. The output displacement of ordinary Pt IPMC is 3.18 mm and the maximum output force is 31 mN. The maximum displacement and output force of GS-IPMC modified by CNTs are higher than those of Pt IPMC, which is more suitable for research and application.

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31

Shi, Zhong-liang, Fang Li, and Shu-hua Yao. "Adsorption behaviors of lead ion onto acetate modified activated carbon fiber." Desalination and Water Treatment 36, no. 1-3 (December 2011): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2252.

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32

Miller, Thomasin C., and James A. Holcombe. "Characterization of metal ion-exchange on modified surfaces of porous carbon." Analytica Chimica Acta 455, no. 2 (March 2002): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01621-x.

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33

Angelopoulou, Pinelopi, Katerina Vrettos, Vasilios Georgakilas, and George Avgouropoulos. "Graphene Aerogel Modified Carbon Paper as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries." ChemistrySelect 5, no. 9 (March 6, 2020): 2719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201904375.

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34

Ghaedi, Mehrorang, Sayyida Yasamin Shajaripour Jaberi, Shaker Hajati, Morteza Montazerozohori, Arash Asfaram, and Masoumeh Zareh. "Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Pb2+ Ion Determination: Response Surface Methodology." IEEE Sensors Journal 15, no. 5 (May 2015): 2974–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2014.2382752.

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35

IBRAHIM, Hosny, and Amal KHORSHID. "Modified Carbon Paste Sensor for Cetyltrimethylammonium Ion Based on Its Ion-associate with Tetrachloropalladate(II)." Analytical Sciences 23, no. 5 (2007): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.23.573.

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36

Issa, Yousry M., Fekria M. Abu Attia, and Nahla S. Ismail. "Mixed ion-exchanger chemically modified carbon paste ion-selective electrodes for determination of triprolidine hydrochloride." Journal of Advanced Research 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2010.02.006.

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37

Razman, Nur Izzatie Hannah, Salasiah Endud, Izan Izwan Misnon, and Norazzizi Nordin. "The Influence of Structural Properties on the Electrochemical Performance of Surface-Modified Ordered Carbon." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.131.

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Ordered carbon was prepared via nanocasting method with Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA)-15 as the template and sucrose as the carbon precursor. The ordered carbon surface was then modified with oxygen and nitrogen species to alter its chemical and physical properties. All surface-modified ordered carbon samples were evaluated using nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyser and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Post modifications, the KOH electrolyte ion transportation are affected due to significant change in the ordered carbon structural properties.

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38

Ali, Tamer Awad, and Gehad G. Mohamed. "Multi-walled carbon nanotube and nanosilica chemically modified carbon paste electrodes for the determination of mercury(ii) in polluted water samples." Analytical Methods 7, no. 15 (2015): 6280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01086a.

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Yang, Rong, Qi Jiang, Peng Liu, Qin Chen, Yi Jia Wang, and Yong Zhao. "Rapid Detection of Copper by the Carbon Nanotube Chemically Modified Electrode." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.255.

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Since carbon nanotube (CNT) was discovered, it has been focused due to its distinctive structure and performance. In electrochemical field, CNT can be used as the modified material to prepare CNT chemically modified electrode (CNT-CME) and shows excellent electrochemical performances. A CNT-CME was obtained via growing CNT on the graphite electrode in situ by catalyst chemical vapor deposition. The obtained grown in situ CNT-CME (named as GSCNT-CME) had shown good testing accuracy and good electrochemical response. In this paper, the GSCNT-CME was used to detect copper ion in water via the cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the linear range of GSCNT-CME to copper was from 1.0×10-5 to 2.5×10–3 mol/L in 0.6 mol/L H2SO4 supporting solution (with the scanning rate of 10 mV/s). The linear range was exactly the most in need of detection Cu2+ concentration (from 1.57×10-5 to 1.0×10–3 mol/L) according to the Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ drinking water national required standard (GB3838-83, ≤1.57×10-5 mol/L). And the detection limit was 2.64×10-6 mol/L (S/N=3). At the same time, the recovery of copper ion was 93.04%-99.79%. The results indicated that GSCNT-CME had the important value of practical application to rapid detect copper ion in water.

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Wang, Zhiming, Long Wang, Cuo Zhou, and Chunyan Sun. "Determination of cesium ions in environmental water samples with a magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube imprinted potentiometric sensor." RSC Advances 11, no. 17 (2021): 10075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09659h.

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Wang, Zhiming, Cuo Zhou, Shunwei Wu, and Chunyan Sun. "Ion-Imprinted Polymer Modified with Carbon Quantum Dots as a Highly Sensitive Copper(II) Ion Probe." Polymers 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091376.

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Fluorescence analysis technology and ion imprinting technology are combined to prepare a copper ion fluorescence sensor. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), with a quantum yield of 79%, were synthesized by a hydrothermal process using citric acid as the carbon source. The prepared CQDs, acting as the fluorophore, were grafted onto the surface of an SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve by an amidation reaction. Then, the fluorescent sensor CQDs@Cu-IIP was prepared using a surface imprinting technique with the modified SBA-15 as the substrate, copper ions as a template, tetraethoxysilane as the crosslinker, and 3-aminopropyl-3-ethoxysilane as the functional monomers. The sensor showed strong fluorescence from CQDs and high selectivity due to the presence of Cu(II)-IIP. After the detection conditions were optimized, the fluorescence intensity of the sensor had good linearity with Cu(II) concentration in a linear range of 0.25–2 mg/L and 3–10 mg/L. This CQDs@Cu-IIP was applied to the determination of traces Cu(II) in real water samples and good recoveries of 99.29–105.42% were obtained. The present study provides a general strategy for fabricating materials based on CQDs for selective fluorescence detection of heavy metals.

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Hu, Siyu, Anchi Yu, and Rong Lu. "A comparison study of sodium ion- and potassium ion-modified graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution." RSC Advances 11, no. 26 (2021): 15701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01395e.

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Dong, Shu, Yali Song, Yongzheng Fang, Kai Zhu, Ke Ye, Yinyi Gao, Jun Yan, Guiling Wang, and Dianxue Cao. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots modified graphene for full carbon-based potassium ion capacitors." Carbon 178 (June 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.094.

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Zhang, Bin, Xiao Ning Tang, Tao He, Su Qiong He, and Wen Rong Yao. "Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Zn-Antibacterial White Carbon Black." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.522.

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This paper investigated the preparation and characterization of the Zn-antibacterial White Carbon Black modified by electrolyte, surfactant, and organic solvent. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the White Carbon Black carrier. Zn2+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and Sodium nitrite (electrolyte), Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (Surfactant), Ethanol (organic solvent) was selected to be the modifiers. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. These as-synthesized modified antibacterial materials were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). The result showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of modified Zn-antibacterial white carbon black are higher than those for the common Zn-antibacterial white carbon black. In addition, the particle sizes of modified samples can be extended down with a narrow size distribution. Other advantage of modified Zn-antibacterial white carbon black is good thermal stability.

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Pan, Qing Shan, Dai Qi Li, Jian Qiang Li, Wei Liu, Mei Gui Ma, He Ping Yan, Bo Zhou, Du Shu Huang, and Shi Juan Xu. "Adsorption of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Peanut Shell Cellulose Modified with Carbon Disulphide." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.24.

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Peanut shell Cellulose Xanthate (PCX) was prepared by reacting with carbon disulphide after mercerized by sodium hydroxide solution. The preparing conditions (hydroxide solution concentration, carbon disulphide dosage, temperature) were optimized in this study. And the effects of PCX amount and contact time on the removal of Cd (II) ion from aqueous solution was studied,the results indicated that when the initial Cd (II) ion concentration was 10mg/L, the adsorption capacity of PXC was high effective with the PCX amount was 1g/L and the contact time was 1.5h,the equilibrium adsorption capacity of PCX was 9.87 mg/g and the removal rate of Cd (II) ion was 98.72%.Then the regeneration capacities of PCX adsorbent was investigated, the results indicated that the removal rate of Cd (II) ion was more than 75% after regeneration. All the results indicated that the PCX can be used as a low cost but effective biosorbent for heavy metals remediation.

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Cheng, Yanchao, Fangfang Sun, Jaebeom Lee, Tingchun Shi, Tianze Wang, and Yutong Li. "Gold-nanoparticles-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode for trace detection of lead ions." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197803007.

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In order to fulfill rapid and trace detection of heavy metals, in the study, gold-nanoparticlesgraphene modified glass carbon electrodes were used to detect lead(Pb(II)) ions. The lead ion (Pb(II)) standard sample in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution was detected by the modified electrode, and the detection conditions were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, in the buffer solution with pH=4.5, the lead ions peak current showed excellent linear relationship with the lead ion concentration in the range of 0.2~50μg/L (R2=0.995), and the minimum detection limit was 0.34μg/L. At the same time, the actual water samples were determined by nano-gold-graphene/glass carbon electrodes for lead ions, and the recovery ranges was 92.94%~101.47%, which showed that the gold-nanoparticles-graphene/glass carbon electrodes possessed significant detection performance for the actual water samples.

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Yoo, Heejoun, Misook Min, Sora Bak, Yeoheung Yoon, and Hyoyoung Lee. "A low ion-transfer resistance and high volumetric supercapacitor using hydrophilic surface modified carbon electrodes." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 18 (2014): 6663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00158c.

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An, Zhuolin, Weifeng Liu, Qi Liang, Guang Yan, Lei Qin, Lin Chen, Meiling Wang, Yongzhen Yang, and Xuguang Liu. "Ion-Imprinted Polymers Modified Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Cu2+." Nano 13, no. 12 (December 2018): 1850140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018501400.

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An electrochemical sensor (Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE) was developed for detection of Cu[Formula: see text] in water. Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE was prepared by dispersing Cu[Formula: see text] imprinted polymers (Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs) on a preprocessed glassy carbon electrode. Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs were synthesized on the surface of modified carbon spheres by ion imprinting technology. The electrochemical performance of Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry method. The response of Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE to Cu[Formula: see text] was linear in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L. The detection limit was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L ([Formula: see text]). The current response value of Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE was 2.14 times that of the nonimprinted electrode. These results suggest that Cu[Formula: see text]-IIPs/GCE can detect the concentration of Cu[Formula: see text] in water, providing a new way for heavy metal ions adsorption and testing.

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Bajaj, Bharat, Han I. Joh, Seong M. Jo, Gurpreet Kaur, Anjali Sharma, Monika Tomar, Vinay Gupta, and Sungho Lee. "Controllable one step copper coating on carbon nanofibers for flexible cholesterol biosensor substrates." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 2 (2016): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb01781e.

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Wang, Zong Hua, Yu Feng Wang, Fei Fei Zhang, Yan Zhi Xia, and Jian Fei Xia. "A Stripping Voltammetric Method for Iodine Ion at Chitosan Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.166.

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A novel chitosan incorporating carbon nanotubes coated electrode was constructed and applied to the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) anodic stripping voltammetric characteristics of iodine ion. The modified electrodes, exhibiting both of unique properties of CNT and chitosan, has excellent electrocatalytic effect of I-. The sensitive detection of iodine ion has been further improved. A linear calibration curve was obtained for 1×10-6 mol/L to 1×10-3 mol/L in 0.1 mol/L KH2PO4 buffer (pH = 4.0) with correlation coefficient of 0.998 and detection limit of 0.2 μmol/L. The practical analytical application was illustrated by a measurement of iodine ion in salt.

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