Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ion modified carbon

Academic literature on the topic 'Ion modified carbon'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ion modified carbon"

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Kovach, G., A. Karacs, G. Radnoczi, H. Csorbai, L. Guczi, M. Veres, M. Koos, L. Papadimitriou, A. Sólyom, and G. Pető. "Modified π-states in ion-irradiated carbon." Applied Surface Science 254, no. 9 (February 2008): 2790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.10.051.

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Ma, Haiwen, Kunquan Li, and Qiangfei Chai. "Chemical Modification of Bagasse-Based Mesoporous Carbons for Chromium(III) Ion Adsorption." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 15, no. 1_suppl (June 16, 2017): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000358.

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Aims Modified bagasse-based mesoporous carbons were prepared for the efficient chromium(III) ion adsorption and removal from aqueous solutions. Methods Mesoporous carbons were prepared from bagasse with H3PO4 activation and subsequently oxidized with nitric acid and modified with ethylenediamine. Results The results showed that the modified carbon was rich in mesopores, oxygen and nitrogen-containing groups, and the Cr(III) adsorption capacity was greatly improved after modification, which was found to be higher than both pristine and oxidized carbons. The Cr(III) adsorption capacity on modified carbon was significantly influenced by the solution pH, and the optimum pH was 6 with the maximum Cr(III) adsorption capacity up to 24.61mg/g, which was almost 3 times higher than that for pristine carbon. Thermodynamic results manifested the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Kinetic rates fitted the pseudo-second-order model very well. XPS study indicated the amino group was a key factor of the high efficient adsorption.
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Rozhdestvenska, Liudmyla, Kateryna Kudelko, Yevhen Kolomiiets, Yuliya Dzyazko, and Volodymyr Ogenko. "MEMBRANES FUNCTIONALIZED WITH 1d, 2d and 3d CARBON MATERIALS." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 87, no. 4 (May 17, 2021): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.87.04.2021.79-110.

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Modification of polymer and ceramic mem­branes by modern one-, two- and three- di­men­sional carbon nanomaterials (carbon nano­tubes, fullerenes and their derivatives, oxi­dized and reduced graphene) is consi­dered. It is shown that carbon materials can be incorporated into membrane matrices both as independent components and as a part of multicomponent modifier. The main methods of modification are the addition of modifiers to the polymer solution with subsequent making of polymer membranes, incorporation of nanoparticles of carbon nanomaterials into the pristine membranes, deposition on the outer membrane surface, formation of nanoparticles directly in the pores of the ceramic matrix. Composite membranes containing carbon nanoparticles are used for pervaporation, gas separation, baromembrane processes and low-temperature fuel cells. The addition of carbon nanomaterials to polymers provides better mechanical strength of the membranes. Hydrophilic carbon modifiers increase the resistance of membranes to fouling by organic substan­ces and biofouling, improves their separation ability. Ion-exchange membranes modified with fullerenol and oxidized graphene maintain high proton conductivity at elevated temperatures and low humidity. Сarbon additives increase membrane productivity in baromembrane processes. This effect is especially evident for materials modified with nanotubes: their smooth surface ensures fast liquid transport. These carbon nanomaterials are characterized by antibacterial activity. Composites consisting of nanotubes and an ion-exchange biopolymer, and composites with oxidized graphene and inorganic ion exchanger, give to membranes selectivity to inorganic ions. Ceramic membranes modified with carbon nanoparticles that were formed in the pores of matrices by carbonization of synthetic polymers and polysaccharides have the same properties. Besides, these composites reject organic dyes too. The separating ability of composite membranes ocuures due to both dimensional and charge effects. Carbon or composite nano­particles block the pores of the membranes. The pores formed by the modifier prevent pene­tration of large particles of organic substances, for example, protein macromolecules. The charge effect is realized due to the functional groups of the modifier. For membranes modified with fullerenols, the retaining of low molecular weight organic substances occurs due to adsorption. Fullerene-modified gas sepa­ration and pervaporation membranes show increased permeability and selectivity.
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Park, Hong-ran, Jiyeon Choi, Seungcheol Yang, Sung Jo Kwak, Sung-il Jeon, Moon Hee Han, and Dong Kook Kim. "Surface-modified spherical activated carbon for high carbon loading and its desalting performance in flow-electrode capacitive deionization." RSC Advances 6, no. 74 (2016): 69720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02480g.

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We fabricated surface modified activated carbons covered with ion-selective polymer. These materials can be used as powerful dispersants and flow electrodes, and improved desalting efficiency by high carbon loading via electrostatic repulsion.
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Gong, Yan, and Huifeng Liang. "Nickel ion detection by imidazole modified carbon dots." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 211 (March 2019): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.024.

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Chen, Acong, Xin Xin, Jie Xu, Yu Bian, and Zhaoyong Bian. "Cadmium ion adsorption by amine-modified activated carbon." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 7 (January 24, 2017): 1675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.042.

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals found in water and sediments. In the effort to develop an effective adsorbent for aqueous Cd removal, activated carbon (AC) was modified with an amino-terminated organosilicon (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, APS). Response surface methodology was used to optimize selected operational parameters of adsorption of aqueous Cd by considering a central composite design with three input variables, temperature of the mixture solution, the contact time and feed ratio (APS/AC), on the surface modification. Results demonstrated that the strong Cd-binding amine ligands were effectively introduced onto the AC surfaces through the silanol reaction between carbon surface functional groups (–COOH, –COH) and APS molecules. The optimized preparation condition is 77 °C, 4 h and 2.1 ratio. The adsorbent presented a favorable adsorption of the aqueous Cd(II).
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Chen, Jun, Jiao Zhao Wang, Andrew I. Minett, Yong Liu, Carol Lynam, Huakun Liu, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Carbon nanotube network modified carbon fibre paper for Li-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 2, no. 4 (2009): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b816135f.

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Xiao, Kai, Baris Kumru, Lu Chen, Lei Jiang, Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt, and Markus Antonietti. "A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (June 27, 2019): 1316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.130.

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A controllable ion transport including ion selectivity and ion rectification across nanochannels or porous membranes is of great importance because of potential applications ranging from biosensing to energy conversion. Here, a nanofluidic ion diode was realized by modifying carbon nitride nanotubes with different molecules yielding an asymmetric surface charge that allows for ion rectification. With the advantages of low-cost, thermal and mechanical robustness, and simple fabrication process, carbon nitride nanotubes with ion rectification have the potential to be used in salinity-gradient energy conversion and ion sensor systems.
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Orzeszko, S., John A. Woollam, David C. Ingram, and A. W. McCormick. "Optical properties of ion‐beam‐deposited ion‐modified diamondlike (a‐C:H) carbon." Journal of Applied Physics 64, no. 5 (September 1988): 2611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341651.

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Teranishi, Yoshikazu, Masanori Ishizuka, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Isao Nakamura, Takahiko Uematu, Takeshi Yasuda, Atsushi Mitsuo, and Kazuo Morikawa. "Glass carbon surface modified by the fluorine ion irradiation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 272 (February 2012): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.01.123.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ion modified carbon"

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Ma, Wen. "Studies on Surface Modified Non-graphitizable Carbon Negative Electrodes in Lithium-ion Batteries." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227632.

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Langille, Meredith Caitlyn. "Perchlorate ion (C104) removal using an electrochemically induced catalytic reaction on modified activated carbon." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1085.

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Eckard, Phyllis R. "The Investigation of Primary and Secondary Modifiers in the Extraction and Separation of Neutral and Ionic Pharmaceutical Compounds with Pure and Modified Carbon Dioxide." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30500.

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A successful supercritical fluid extraction method includes removal of the analyte from the matrix into the bulk fluid as well as trapping or concentration of the analyte prior to analysis. In the first phase of this research, the trapping capacities of three solid-phase traps (glass beads, 50/50 (w/w) glass beads/octadecylsilica), 50/50 (w/w) Porapak Q®/glass beads) were determined as a function of trap composition for a mixture of components varying in polarity and volatility. The Porapak Q®/glass beads mixture was found to be the most successful solidphase investigated exhibiting the highest trapping capacity. The use of the Porapak Q®/glass beads as a solid-phase trap was investigated in later extraction studies in this dissertation. The extraction of highly polar, multifunctional analytes may not be completely successful with modified carbon dioxide, therefore, a secondary modifier (i.e. additive) may be added directly to the extraction fluid in hopes of improving the recoveries. In the second phase of this research, the effect of secondary modifiers in the subcritical fluid extraction of lovastatin from in-house prepared tablet powder mixtures and MEVACOR® tablets was investigated. The effect of in-line methanol-modifier percentage, additive type (acidic, basic, neutral) to the in-line methanol, and additive concentration on the extraction efficiency were examined. The extraction recoveries of lovastatin from MEVACOR® tablets were shown to be highly dependent on methanol concentration and additive type. Isopropylamine was shown to be the most successful additive investigated. An optimized and reproducible extraction method was developed. The extraction of ionic compounds with carbon dioxide may be difficult due to the high polarity of the compounds. In the third phase of this research, the addition of ion-pairing additives to the matrix in hopes of forming an ion-pair complex of reduced analyte polarity was investigated. Therefore, a screening study consisting of a fractional-factorial design was performed in order to identify the factors which contribute most to the recovery of an anionic species, triphenylphosphinetrisulfonate (TPPTS), from a spiked-sand surface employing supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide. The experimental parameters investigated were: type of ion-pairing additive (i.e. tetralkylammonium hydrogen sulfates) and its concentration, carbon dioxide density, extraction temperature, static extraction time, CO₂ mass used, liquid CO₂ flow rate, and the volume of methanol spiked into the matrix prior to extraction. Of the eight factors investigated, four factors were identified as significantly affecting the recovery of the anionic species. They were: 1) ion-pairing reagent added to the spiked sand surface and its concentration; 2) static extraction time; and 3) volume of methanol present in the extraction vessel. The experimental parameters and settings identified as influential by the statistical approach were later shown in concert to yield 100% recovery of TPPTS from the spiked-sand. In the fourth phase, the extraction of a cationic species, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, from spiked-sand and Suphedrine tablets, with pure and methanol-modified CO₂ was examined. Once the extraction was shown to feasible, several strategies were compared in terms of their effectiveness in enhancing the analyte's extractability. The first strategy involved the addition of ion-pairing additives. Several sodium salts of alkylsulfonic acids varying in lipophilicity and concentration were investigated. The addition of 1-heptanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, in methanol, in a 5:1 mole ratio of reagent to analyte was shown to be the most useful in recovering the drug from the spiked-sand. The second strategy considered the influence of acids and bases and other modifier compositions such as a methanol/water mixture with or without 1-heptanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, on the pseudoephedrine recovery. The recoveries obtained from the drug spiked-sand were shown to comparable in the presence of a methanol/water solution, a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in methanol solution, and a methanol solution with 1-heptanesulfonic acid, sodium salt. Next the extraction of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride from Suphedrine tablets was performed with pure and modified CO₂. Similar to the sand-spike studies, the effect of the addition of the ion-pairing reagent and other in-cell modifiers were examined. Once again, the recoveries obtained when the matrix was in the presence of a methanol/water mixture and a methanol solution containing 1-heptanesulfonic acid, sodium salt were similar. Finally, the identity of the extracted analyte was determined via IR analyses, and it was shown that pseudoephedrine hydrochloride was indeed extractable from the tablets with in-line modified CO₂ in the absence of any in-cell modifier. In the last phase of this research, a supercritical fluid chromatographic separation with evaporative light scattering detection was developed for the separation of five phospholipids varying in polarity and ionic characteristics. Several parameters were investigated and shown to be influential in the separation. They were: 1) stationary phase composition, 2) addition of an acidic additive and its concentration, 3) mobile phase ramp rate, and 4) column outlet pressure.
Ph. D.
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Naidoo, Fayyaadh. "Graphene modified Salen ligands for the electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7540.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Environmental pollution is a major threat to all life, which needs to be addressed. Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and, persistence in the environment toxicity for living organisms and having a bioaccumulative nature. Environmentally, the most common hazardous heavy metals are: Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. Remediation using conventional physical and chemical methods is uneconomical and generates waste chemicals in large quantities. This study focuses on the extraction and determination of heavy metals (Nickel, Copper and Cobalt) by chelating Schiff base ligands of the type [O,N,N,O] with these metal ions. Two Schiff base ligands [N,N’-ethylenebis(salicylimine)] (Salen) and ligand [1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)-2-propanol] (Sal-DAP) were synthesized and characterised using FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry and GC-MS techniques. Electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions in this work was achieved via ligand-metal complexation via two approaches. The in-situ method in which the metal and ligands were added to the electrochemical cell and stirred to allow complexation to occur and monitored by square wave voltammetry. While the ex-situ approach involved modifying the electrode surface by depositing a thin film of Schiff base on the electrode surface and immersed into a heavy metal solution to allow the complexation. Three modified GCE were used viz. Salen coated GCE, reduced graphene oxide-Salen coated GCE and a nafion-Salen coated GCE. The two approaches used for the electrochemical detection were successful and effective. The ex-situ approach was selected for the modification of the electrode surface since it demonstrated a higher capacity for heavy metal ion extraction.
2021-11-30
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BENAISSA, MOHAMMED. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge des proprietes superficielles de l'alumine et des alumines sodees ou fluorees : acidite et basicite." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2013.

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Etude des groupes superficiels de l'alumine et des cites d'adsorption. Etude de l'adsorption des alcools sur l'alumine degussa c, des sites d'adsorption et de l'acidite induite. Donnees, enfin, sur les alumines modifiees par des ions na+ ou f-
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Nguyen, Thi Kim-Dieu, and 阮妙金. "Modified graphite as highly-conductive anode materials for conductive carbon free lithium ion batteries/ Silicon-graphite composites as anode material for lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nqzt6w.

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碩士
國立清華大學
化學工程學系所
105
In the last two decades, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has played a critically important role in the market as a primary power supplier with a higher gravimetric and volumetric capacity than other rechargeable-battery systems. However, current LIB technologies cannot satisfy the energy and power requirements of a wide range of applications, from portable electronic devices to all-electric vehicles and smart grids. In this regard, Asia Carbons and Technology INC company which locates at Taoyuan country, Taiwan (R.O.C) and Prof. Hsing-Yu Tuan Labortary have cooperated to dedicate to the progressive LIBs. Hence, the study was a cooperative work between Prof. Hsing-Yu Tuan Lab and the company. The aim was to find out the optimal conditions for assembling modified-graphite based on LIBs with high capacity, high coulombic efficiency, cycling stable. These modified samples were originally graphite materials, which has been treated under the high pressure to transform their morphologies. The sample treatment process was carried out by the company. The number of samples were 32 samples, namely G201, G202, G203 to G232 in order. In order to achieve the purpose, those modified graphite samples were initially assembled anode electrode in half-cells under the same process (described lately in chapter 2) to find out the good samples in terms of high capacity, good coulombic efficiency and cycling stable. All the produced slurries included 83,50 wt% active materials, 8.0 wt% super P and 8.5 wt% PVDF stirred in NMP solution for 1.5 hours. Then, their cycling performances were carefully compared to each other, based on the predefined goals (KPI), which resulted in obtaining four best samples. These samples were investigated further under different conditions such as (i) various coating thickness and (ii) different kinds of electrolytes to find out the best sample as well as to gain the recipe for assembling modified-graphite based on lithium-ion batteries. Besides that, those samples were analyzed via SEM images, IV test to obtain more understanding about their characteristics. It is found that the modified sample named G227 stood out as a potential candidate for anode electrode in lithium battery, since it performed stably over 50 cycles with high capacity above 320 mA h/g. Another finding was that electrolyte system which includes ethylene carbonate (EC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC): fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) 4.5:4.5:1 (v:v) in LPF6 has enhanced the good cycling performance rather than fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC): diethyl carbonate (DEC) 3:7 (v.v) and ethylene carbonate (EC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC) 1:1 (v/v) in LPF6 system. However, this work currently facing an issue that the average capacity is quite low, which needs a lot effort to solve. In order to surpass the weakness of low capacity of modified graphite based on negative electrodes, the author continuously carried out the work named “silicon/graphite composites as anode materials” to overcome the problem. The study indicated that silicon/graphite composite has a significant improvement on specific capacity and the initial efficiency. The electrodes sustain a higher number of charge/discharge cycles with a more stable discharge capacity compared to the graphite powders only. Two full-cell coins show outstanding stability for the first 50 cycles, leading to a capacity retention of 1st sample and 2nd one are 94.68% and 92.56%, respectively. The average initial efficiency is over 86.00%. This result has exceeded the standard KPI (>85%). Besides that, the cycle performance of Si/graphite composites based-on pouch cell is also investigated. Its areal capacity and specific capacity are 3.92 mA h/cm2 and 604 mA h/g, respectively, which is much better than expected.
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WU, AN-NA, and 吳安娜. "Nitrogen-doping carbon nanotubes/graphene composites modified by porous cobalt oxide as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63t2q3.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
106
This experiment is divided into carbon material and nitrogen-doped carbon material and carbon material modified part. The former process part adopts the chemical vapor deposition method to simultaneously grow the carbon nanotubes/graphene composites without the catalyst or using adhesive. Secondly, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes/ graphene were prepared by plasma. After the process then using the porous structure of cobalt oxide modified nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes/graphene part, preparing electrochemical cathodic deposition to make precursor, cobalt hydroxide and then through the high temperature furnace in the atmosphere for oxidation heat treatment, and retain porous structure to decorated to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes/graphene composites to form Co3O4/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube/graphene composite used in lithium-ion battery anode. Furthermore, the XPS and Raman were used to analyze the functional front of the cobalt oxide, in addition, the surface morphology by SEM and the roughness of the surface was measured by AFM and then the suitable modification parameters were found to fabricate into coin-cell for testing its electrochemical performance. The results indicate that deposition current 1.5 mA and deposition time 300s by cathodic deposition process, the porous cobalt oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes/graphene composites electrodes with the best roughness and utilization. Keywords: nitrogen-doped、graphene、carbon nanotubes、cobalt oxide decorated、composites、cathodic deposition、chemical vapor deposition、Li-ion batteries、anode materials、specific capacity、cycle performance
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HUNG, YU-HSIANG, and 洪毓翔. "Application of Polypyrrole and Zinc Sulfide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode to the Detection of 4-aminoantipyrine and Nitrite ion." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95acyw.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
化學工程與生物科技系化學工程碩士班
107
Part I This research uses simple chemical synthesis methods to produce higher conductivity and suitable functional groups to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of electrochemical sensors, achieve high sensitivity, wide linear range, and low detection limit. 4-Aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) is widely used in biomedical applications due to its antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, but it can cause serious side effects if used for a long time. However, the traditional detection methods of 4-AAP are time-consuming extraction and high cost and separation procedures, etc. On the other hand, polypyrole (PPy) is suitable for solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, biofuel cells and electrochemical sensors due to its low charge transfer resistance, high power and high energy density, selectivity, and sensitive electrocatalytic performance and high cycle stability, However, the molecular interaction of PPy on the surface of the electrode is small, resulting in poor adhesion on the surface of the electrode. In order to improve the efficiency of 4-AAP detection, Here we use the excellent adhesion of polydopamine (PDA) to connect the PPy molecular chain through simple chemical synthesis methods to further enhance its conductivity and function, and then modify it to the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to improve the efficiency of 4-AAP. Then we have been used such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the polymerization situation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the morphology of the composite. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and FTIR spectra show the electrical conductivity and suitable function of the PDA@PPy composite. In electrochemical studies, PDA@PPy composites have the ability to selectively detect 4-AAP, higher sensitivity (250.78 µA mM-1 cm-2), high linear range (0.0005 ~ 4.2 mM), and low detection limits (0.43 μM). Finally, through the analysis of human urine samples, PDA@PPy/GCE modified electrode showed good 4-AAP oxidation electrocatalytic activity, and the related results revealed its practical value. Part II This study mainly produces micro-structured zinc sulfide (ZnS) through the use of a simple, low-cost ultrasonic-assisted approach. The physicochemical properties of the prepared ZnS were systematically analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using various techniques. After confirming that the ZnS microstructure is uniformly distributed and the particles exhibit a sheet-like structure, they are applied to an effective electrocatalyst for the manufacture of a nitrite sensor. In related electrochemical studies, ZnS modified electrodes show excellent electrocatalytic activity and have better analytical performance in the concentration range of 20 nM to 1.35 mM, and a low detection limit of 8.5 nM for nitrite detection. Corresponding to previously reported literature. In addition, it has high selectivity for various interfering species and is further applied to real-time monitoring of nitrite in water samples with satisfactory accuracy.
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Kannappan, Ramakrishnan. "Design and analysis of an electronically switchable ion exchange system." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7834.

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Metal contamination is a considerable environmental problem because metals are persistent contaminants. Ion exchange is one of the most commonly used treatment options for trace metal removal. This research develops and evaluates a redox active modified ion exchange system that has the potential to reduce the ionic strength of ion exchange regeneration streams. Poly-L-cysteine (PLC) was selected as the redox active, adsorbing functional group on the surface of a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode. PLC is an excellent soft acid metal chelator and is unique in that its thiol groups can form disulfide bonds with each other. The reduction of available thiols changes the metal binding capacity of the peptide since the thiol is the primary binding group. RVC provides a macroporous conductive monolithic resin to support the peptide. An experimental apparatus was designed to study the properties of this system and estimate performance. Distinct oxidized and reduced states of PLC on the surface of the RVC were confirmed by changes in metal binding characteristics. Adsorption edges showed a sharper pH dependence for the reduced electrode compared to the oxidized electrode from pH 3-7. Adsorption isotherms performed at pH 7 showed increased capacity for the reduced electrode. The change was reversible by chemical and electrical reduction. This difference was confirmed at the molecular level with Cd- EXAFS of oxidized and reduced electrodes. A greater degree of cadmium-sulfur coordination was observed on the reduced electrode and a greater cadmium-oxygen coordination was apparant on an oxidized electrode. A multidentate adsorption model was developed to model the pH dependent behavior of cadmium adsorption on the PLC-RVC surface. Nickel adsorption showed increased adsorption in the oxidized state. The most likely explanation is increased carboxylate complexation. The electronically switchable ion exchange system (ESIE) provides a framework for modifying traditional ion exchange processes. The system has 5 to 10 times less specifc capacity than current ion exchange systems, but uses solutions 10-100 times lower in ionic strength for regeneration. Further studies on the effect of ionic strength on adsorption and current usage are necessary to compare the cost of the ESIE process to traditional ion exchange.
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Su, Huang-kai, and 蘇煌凱. "Dispersing conductive carbon to LiFePO4 electrode and Tin oxides and sulfides modified graphite for negative electrode in lithium ion battery." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34849523748754602409.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
綠色能源科技研究所碩士班
99
Lithium ion battery has been requested for further property improvement to meet the need of 3C products, portable equipments and electric vehicles (EVs). Recently, the concept of green-tech has been an important topic for many scientists in all different kinds of fields. In this study, we choose LiFePO4 and natural graphite as the electrode materials, which are cost efficient and environmental friendly. We add conductive addictive into LiFePO4 under different conditions and modified natural graphite with different Tin compounds. By combining two modified methods, we expect to obtain a better electrochemical property. In addition, the improved positive electrode and the modified negative electrode were investigated by half-cell tests to obtain the efficiency of electronic capacity and some electrochemical properties. The results suggest that when using HSC-03 dispersion to LiFePO4 as a conductive additive in positive electrode, the high-rate test and the performance of cycle life are greatly improved (capacity is raised by 40% after 100 cycles at rate of 1C). On the other hand, we modified Tin sulfide or Tin oxide compounds on the surface of natural graphite and surveyed the structural changes of SEI film by CV and ESCA analysis. The Tin compounds are likely to reduce the thermal stability but enhance the capacity and the stability of cycle life. In conclusion, we have proved that the combination of the improved electrodes in this study for full cell test can enhance the capacity and cycling performance for lithium ion battery.
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Books on the topic "Ion modified carbon"

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Tarver, Edward Earl. Ion mobility detection after supercritical fluid chromatography with modified carbon dioxide and non-carbon dioxide mobile phases. 1995.

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Wolf, E. L. Solar Thermal Energy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769804.003.0009.

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The Sun’s spectrum on Earth is modified by the atmosphere, and is harvested either by generating heat for direct use or for running heat engines, or by quantum absorption in solar cells, to be discussed later. Focusing of sunlight requires tracking of the Sun and is defeated on cloudy days. Heat engines have efficiency limits similar to the Carnot cycle limit. The steam turbine follows the Rankine cycle and is well developed in technology, optimally using a re-heat cycle of higher efficiency. Having learned quite a bit about how the Sun’s energy is created, and how that process might be reproduced on Earth, we turn now to methods for harvesting the energy from the Sun as a sustainable replacement for fossil fuel energy.
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Raydugin, Yuri G. Modern Risk Quantification in Complex Projects. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844334.001.0001.

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There are multiple complaints that existing project risk quantification methods—both parametric and Monte Carlo—fail to produce accurate project duration and cost-risk contingencies in a majority of cases. It is shown that major components of project risk exposure—non-linear risk interactions—pertaining to complex projects are not taken into account. It is argued that a project system consists of two interacting subsystems: a project structure subsystem (PSS) and a project delivery subsystem (PDS). Any misalignments or imbalances between these two subsystems (PSS–PDS mismatches) are associated with the non-linear risk interactions. Principles of risk quantification are developed to take into account three types of non-linear risk interactions in complex projects: internal risk amplifications due to existing ‘chronic’ project system issues, knock-on interactions, and risk compounding. Modified bowtie diagrams for the three types of risk interactions are developed to identify and address interacting risks. A framework to visualize dynamic risk patterns in affinities of interacting risks is proposed. Required mathematical expressions and templates to factor relevant risk interactions to Monte Carlo models are developed. Business cases are discussed to demonstrate the power of the newly-developed non-linear Monte Carlo methodology (non-linear integrated schedule and cost risk analysis (N-SCRA)). A project system dynamics methodology based on rework cycles is adopted as a supporting risk quantification tool. Comparison of results yielded by the non-linear Monte Carlo and system dynamics models demonstrates a good alignment of the two methodologies. All developed Monte Carlo and system dynamics models are available on the book’s companion website.
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Norwood, F. Bailey, Michelle S. Calvo-Lorenzo, Sarah Lancaster, and Pascal A. Oltenacu. Agricultural and Food Controversies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199368433.001.0001.

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The public is more interested in agricultural and food issues than ever before, as is evident in the many agricultural controversies debated in the media. Why is it that some people embrace new agricultural technologies while others steadfastly defend traditional farming methods? Why do some prefer to buy food grown around the world while others patronize small, local farmers? In the debates about organic food, genetically modified organisms, and farm animal welfare, it is not always clear what the scientific literature actually says. To understand these controversies, the authors encourage readers to develop first an appreciation for why two equally intelligent and well-intentioned people can form radically different notions about food. Sometimes the disputes are scientific in nature, and sometimes they arise from conflicting ethical views. This book confronts the most controversial issues in agriculture by first explaining the principles of both sides of the debate, and then guiding readers through the scientific literature so that they may form their own educated opinions. Is food safe if the farm used pesticides, or are organic foods truly better for your health? Are chemical fertilizers sustainable, or are we producing cheap food today at the expense of future generations? What foods should we eat to have a smaller carbon footprint? Is genetically-modified food the key to global food security, and does it give corporations too much market power? Is the prevalence of corn throughout the food system the result of farm subsidies? Does buying local food stimulate the local economy? Why are so many farm animals raised indoors, and should antibiotics be given to livestock? These are the issues addressed in Agricultural and Food Controversies: What Everyone Needs to Know. While it doesn't claim to have all the answers, it provides a synthesis of research and popular opinions on both sides of these important issues, allowing readers to decide what they value and believe for themselves.
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Fox, Raymond. The Use of Self. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616144.001.0001.

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This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
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Raff, Lionel, Ranga Komanduri, Martin Hagan, and Satish Bukkapatnam. Neural Networks in Chemical Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765652.001.0001.

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This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ion modified carbon"

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Anttila, A. "Ion-Beam Induced Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings." In Structure-Property Relationships in Surface-Modified Ceramics, 455–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0983-0_29.

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Yip, Pearl W., and Sin-Shong Lin. "Atomic Force Microscopy of Ion-Beam Modified Carbon Fibers." In Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 2, 241–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9325-3_28.

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Jin, Wen Jie, Taek Rae Kim, Seung Hwan Moon, Yun Soo Lim, and Myung Soo Kim. "Graphite/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Anode Modified with Nano Size Metal Particles for Lithium Ion Battery." In Materials Science Forum, 1078–81. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-995-4.1078.

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Pollock, J. T. A., M. J. Kenny, L. S. Wielunski, and M. D. Scott. "Ion Irradiation of Polymer-Derived Graphitic Carbons." In Structure-Property Relationships in Surface-Modified Ceramics, 321–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0983-0_21.

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Konig, P., H. Stenzenberger, M. Herzog, and W. Romer. "Modified Bismaleimides for Carbon Fibre Composites." In Developments in the Science and Technology of Composite Materials, 43–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1123-9_6.

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Streat, M., and J. K. Nair. "Adsorption of Trace Metals on Modified Activated Carbons." In Ion Exchange Advances, 264–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_35.

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Tarefder, Rafiqul A., and Arif Zaman. "Carbon Nanotube Modified Asphalt Binders for Sustainable Roadways." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 623–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41682-3_52.

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Wang, Xuemin, Tingge Xu, Monica Jung de Andrade, Ihika Rampalli, Dongyang Cao, Mohammad Haque, Samit Roy, Ray H. Baughman, and Hongbing Lu. "The Interfacial Shear Strength of Carbon Nanotube Sheet Modified Carbon Fiber Composites." In Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Volume 2, 25–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59542-5_4.

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Patil, Anurag R., S. Aparna, and D. Purnima. "Surface Modified Carbon Fibre Reinforced PA6 and its Blend-Based Composites." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 759–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6577-5_74.

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Caflisch, Russel E., and Bradley Moskowitz. "Modified Monte Carlo Methods Using Quasi-Random Sequences." In Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing, 1–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2552-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ion modified carbon"

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Han, Chang-Soo, Young-Hyun Shin, and Yu-Hwan Yoon. "Fabrication and Characterization of carbon nanotube tip modified by focused ion beam." In 2007 2nd IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2007.352029.

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Han, C. S., Y. H. Yoon, Y. H. Shin, and J. W. Song. "Structural Modification of Carbon Nanotube Tip Using Focused Ion Beam." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15545.

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We report the structural modification of carbon nanotube (CNT) tip for Atomic force microscopy (SPM) based on ion beam irradiation. In general, CNT tip assembled by dielectrophoresis would often have non-vertical angle, very crooked shape or too lengthy one. Therefore, these tips should be modified to the appropriate shape to use as an AFM tip. We found that the ion beam could contribute to merge the bundled CNTs, to make the CNT diameter uniform as well as to make the wavy shape of CNT straight. In addition, we could cut the free-standing CNT on a Si tip using focused ion beam (FIB). From the atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement of 15 nm gold particles and DNA molecules, we showed that the CNT tip modified by FIB produced high resolution images as well as little wear by comparing with those of a conventional silicon tip
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Tian, Yanling, Yuechao Zhao, Zhen Yang, and Chengjuan Yang. "Effects of Carbon Ion Implantation on Surface Performance of Modified NiTi Shape Memory Alloy." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2018.8552198.

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See, Wong Pooi, Sheila Nathan, and Lee Yook Heng. "Copper(II) and aluminium(III) ion sensors based on gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrodes." In THE 2013 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2013 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858740.

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Denton, Mark S., and William D. Bostick. "Downselect Ion Specific Media (ISM) Utilization in Upset and Outage Conditions." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7187.

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This paper presents a process that has been used to help nuclear power plant (NPP) clients resolve some of their more challenging waste water processing issues. These treatment issues may become even more evident during outage conditions, due (in part) to associated decontamination activities that may cause off-normal chemical conditions, which may subsequently change both the peak levels of activities for radionuclides introduced into the collected waste water and also the chemical forms in which they may exist (e.g., formation of colloids or soluble chelates). In one NPP waste processing example, a large proportion of soluble Co-58, which is normally present as a soluble cationic species or an uncharged colloidal solid, was found to behave like an anion; formation of an anionic chelation complex was implicated, possibly due to suspect EDTA, or similar additive, in a proprietary decontamination soap formulation. Antimony 125 (Sb-125), normally present as a weakly anionic (Sb(OH)6−) or even neutral (Sb(OH)30) species, was being displaced from previously-loaded media by other, more strongly bound species, causing an unacceptable peak activity in water intended for discharge. A quick resolution of the existing waste processing limitations was required, due to limited waste water holding capacity. Samples of the authentic NPP waste water containing the recalcitrant radionuclides were sent to our licensed off-site laboratory (MCLinc), where small-scale batch-equilibrium testing was used to down-select, from a large number (36) of candidate media (both commercially available and developed internally), those that were relatively effective and economical for use in achieving the required discharge criteria. Batch-equilibrium testing is very efficient for use in screening the relative effectiveness of contaminant removal by candidate media in a select waste water composition, and can also provide an estimate of the ultimate contaminant loading capacities on the candidate media; however, equilibrium testing does not provide information on the exchange kinetics and the shape of the packed column breakthrough isotherm. The performance of the most promising of the pre-screened media was then further tested and validated at the NPP site, using small packed bed columns containing the media to be evaluated, with use of actual NPP waste water under dynamic flow conditions. In the cited example, dynamic flow testing validated the performance characteristics for the most promising media, as previously-selected by the laboratory batch testing. In particular, it revealed that two novel media were particularly useful under process upset conditions, viz., AGC-5860 (a chemically modified activated carbon) for chelated transition metals (especially Co-58 & 60), and ASM-125 (a highly selective and tenacious resin product) especially for Sb-125. Subsequently, two of the most effective novel media identified in the screening effort have now been deployed at full-scale at an NPP site for the duration of approximately one year (to-date). The antimony-selective resin has performed especially well, greatly outperforming and outlasting previously utilized media, under many variations in the NPP influent waste water composition (including outage conditions and high boron concentrations, etc.). It was further found that the ASM 125 ISM had an excellent affinity for tellurium (Te 125m), a daughter of antimony (Sb). (See data from Exelon’s Byron Station. Also, on-going at Calvert Cliffs). At the request of two other NPPs (STP and Calvert Cliffs), the AGC ISM was found to solve their Fe 55 and Ni 63 problem, likely resulting from steam generator changeouts at the plants. Lastly, work is on-going remove radioactive iodine (I 129) with the granulated AGC.
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Kurzina, I. A., I. V. Pukhova, V. V. Botvin, D. V. Davydova, A. G. Filimoshkin, K. P. Savkin, K. V. Oskomov, and E. M. Oks. "New materials based on polylactide modified with silver and carbon ions." In NEW OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES (NEWOT’2015): Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference «New Operational Technologies». AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4936028.

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Patil, Harshada K., Megha A. Deshmukh, Gajanan A. Bodkhe, and Mahendra D. Shirsat. "Glassy carbon electrode modified with polyanilne/ethylenediamine for detection of copper ions." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5032970.

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Chikwanda, Prosper, Tawanda Mugadza, and Upenyu Guyo. "Enhanced sorption of aqueous cadmium (II) ions on phenylalanine modified activated carbon." In EAI International Conference for Research, Innovation and Development for Africa. EAI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-6-2017.2270775.

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Escobar, Mariano Martin, Adrián Di Paolo, and Analía Vazquez. "Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Concrete Modified With Carbon Nanotube." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11475.

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CO2 emission from fossil fuel fired power plants contributed 30% of global emissions in 1990. In the same year, the cement industry contributed about 5% of the total. According to Kyoto Protocol, a tremendous effort is required to reduce the carbon dioxide emission. One potential technology in CO2 mitigation responses is the use of concrete products as carbon sink through the early age fast curing. The cement compounds C3S and C2S are instantaneously carbonized into calcium carbonate and silica gel, once cement is mixed with water and exposed to the carbon dioxide gas. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of adding carbon nanotubes in cement paste matrix on the capacity as CO2 sink. Adiabatic temperature was determined for different carbon nanotubos content on the cement paste. The microstructure was studied by scanning electronic microscopy. The calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide content were determined by a thermogravimetric analysis. The storage modulus was measured for the specimens of cement paste before and after the immersion in CO2. Carbon nanotubes act as nuclear agent of the calcium carbonate and increase the maximum temperature and decrease the time of hydration. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes to Portland cement paste could modify the transport properties of the matrix. In fact, it was shown that interfacial interactions between the hydration products and multi-walled carbon nanotubes occur; and it was observed the insertion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes between the hydration products.
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Katti, Kalpana S., Dinesh R. Katti, and Avinash H. Ambre. "Unnatural Amino Acids Modified Clays for Design of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13242.

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Here, we incorporate the results of our new “altered phase theory” (Sikdar et al. 2008a) into design of new polymer clay nanocomposites (PCNs) for bone biomaterials applications. Montmorillonite (MMT) clay was modified using unnatural amino acids as potentially new biocompatible modifiers. The longer carbon chain structures of the unnatural amino acids are expected to enhance non bonded interactions with clay as well as maintaining the usefulness of functional groups of natural amino acids. The specific choice of amino acids is based on both the antibacterial activity reported in literature and also our previous studies on role of chain length, functional groups etc of modifiers in influencing mechanical behavior in PCNs. Biocompatibility studies using cell culture experiments as well as mechanical behavior is evaluated for the PCNs. FTIR spectroscopy is used to compare changes to molecular structure. The increase in d001 spacing of modified clay compared to pure clay obtained from XRD experiments confirms successful intercalation of modifier. The osteoblast cells were found to grow and proliferate over the substrates. The major contribution of this work is the design of novel amino acid biopolymer-clay nanocomposites for biomaterials applications. Porous scaffold structures were also designed and fabricated.
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Reports on the topic "Ion modified carbon"

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Dr. Ahn. Hydrogen Storage in metal-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828225.

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Bhore, N. A. Modifiers in rhodium catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation: Structure-activity relationships. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6119986.

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Carlson, N. A., and D. Warkander. Carbon Dioxide Washout of an Emergency Breathing System Mask Modified for Use in the Advanced Seal Delivery System (ASDS) Trainer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442819.

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Schach von Wittenau, A. E., L. J. Cox, P. M. Jr Bergstrom, S. M. Hornstein, R. Mohan, B. Libby, Q. Wu, and D. M. J. Lovelock. Treatment of patient-dependent beam modifiers in photon treatments by the Monte Carlo dose calculation code PEREGRINE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/490473.

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