Journal articles: 'Ion exchange resins'

1

Singare, P. U. "Non Destructive Application of Radioactive Tracer Isotopes for Performance Evaluation of Industrial Grade Anion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-33 and Indion NSSR." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.50.

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The present study deals with non-destructive application of radioactive tracer isotopes to evaluate the performance of Tulsion A-33 (nuclear grade) and Indion NSSR (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The performance evaluation was done by carrying out the iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions using the above resins. It was observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 58.0% to 64.0% for Tulsion A-33 resins; and from 48.4% to 50.8% for Indion NSSR resins. Similarly in case of bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction under identical experimental conditions, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 45.6% to 50.4% for Tulsion A-33 resin; and from 39.8% to 44.6% for Indion NSSR resin. It was also observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at 40.0 °C, using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled ionic solution, using Tulsion A-33 resin the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.229, 0.469, 0.107 and 10.6 respectively, which was higher than the values of 0.167, 0.375, 0.063 and 7.6 respectively as obtained by using Indion NSSR resins under identical experimental conditions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Tulsion A-33 over Indion NSSR resin under identical operational parameters.

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Singare, P. U. "Non Destructive Application of Radioactive Tracer Isotopes for Performance Evaluation of Industrial Grade Anion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-33 and Indion NSSR." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 28, 2013): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-68axxp.

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The present study deals with non-destructive application of radioactive tracer isotopes to evaluate the performance of Tulsion A-33 (nuclear grade) and Indion NSSR (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The performance evaluation was done by carrying out the iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions using the above resins. It was observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 58.0% to 64.0% for Tulsion A-33 resins; and from 48.4% to 50.8% for Indion NSSR resins. Similarly in case of bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction under identical experimental conditions, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 45.6% to 50.4% for Tulsion A-33 resin; and from 39.8% to 44.6% for Indion NSSR resin. It was also observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at 40.0 °C, using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled ionic solution, using Tulsion A-33 resin the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.229, 0.469, 0.107 and 10.6 respectively, which was higher than the values of 0.167, 0.375, 0.063 and 7.6 respectively as obtained by using Indion NSSR resins under identical experimental conditions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Tulsion A-33 over Indion NSSR resin under identical operational parameters.

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3

Singare, P. U. "Comparative Study of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-143 by Application Isotopic Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 17 (September 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.17.1.

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Isotopic tracer technique using 131I and 82Br was used to characterize Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-143 anion exchange resins. The characterization study was done by carrying out iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the resin surface and the external labeled ionic solution. For the two resins it was observed that under identical experimental conditions, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) were calculated to be lower for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction than that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. Also during both the ion-isotopic exchange reactions, under identical experimental conditions for the two resins, the values of specific reaction rate increases with increase in ionic concentration and was observed to decrease with rise in temperature. For a constant temperature of 35.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled bromide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 67.80% to 72.76% using Purolite NRW-6000 resin and from 42.54% to 50.45% using Duolite A-143 resin. However when the temperature was raised from 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C by keeping the concentration of labeled bromide ion solution constant at 0.002 mol/L, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged decreases from 70.68 % to 67.32 % using Purolite NRW-6000 resin and from 47.50% to 42.25% using Duolite A-143 resin. From the results it appears that Purolite NRW-6000 resins show superior performance over Duolite A-143 resins under identical experimental conditions. It is expected that the present isotopic tracer technique can be applied further as an efficient nondestructive technique in characterization of various ion exchange resins so as to bring about their efficient industrial applications.

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Singare, P. U. "Comparative Study of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-143 by Application Isotopic Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 17 (September 7, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-0x5o7d.

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Isotopic tracer technique using 131I and 82Br was used to characterize Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-143 anion exchange resins. The characterization study was done by carrying out iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the resin surface and the external labeled ionic solution. For the two resins it was observed that under identical experimental conditions, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) were calculated to be lower for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction than that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. Also during both the ion-isotopic exchange reactions, under identical experimental conditions for the two resins, the values of specific reaction rate increases with increase in ionic concentration and was observed to decrease with rise in temperature. For a constant temperature of 35.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled bromide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 67.80% to 72.76% using Purolite NRW-6000 resin and from 42.54% to 50.45% using Duolite A-143 resin. However when the temperature was raised from 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C by keeping the concentration of labeled bromide ion solution constant at 0.002 mol/L, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged decreases from 70.68 % to 67.32 % using Purolite NRW-6000 resin and from 47.50% to 42.25% using Duolite A-143 resin. From the results it appears that Purolite NRW-6000 resins show superior performance over Duolite A-143 resins under identical experimental conditions. It is expected that the present isotopic tracer technique can be applied further as an efficient nondestructive technique in characterization of various ion exchange resins so as to bring about their efficient industrial applications.

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Singare, P. U. "Nondestructive Radioactive Tracer Technique in Characterization of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-368." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 17 (September 2013): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.17.14.

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Radioactive tracer isotopes 131I and 82Br were used to characterize anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-368 by application of nondestructive technique. The resin characterization was based on their performance during iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that during the iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 62.10% to 68.10 % using Purolite NRW-8000 resins and from 44.20% to 46.80% using Duolite A-368 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.260, 0.500, 0.130 and 11.8 respectively for Purolite NRW-8000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.130, 0.345, 0.045 and 6.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-368 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. From the overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, Purolite NRW-8000 resins show superior performance over Duolite A-368 resins. It is expected here that the present nondestructive technique can be extended further for characterization of different industrial grade ion exchange resins, which will help in their selection for specific industrial application.

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Singare, P. U. "Nondestructive Radioactive Tracer Technique in Characterization of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-368." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 17 (September 7, 2013): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-96r7u1.

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Radioactive tracer isotopes 131I and 82Br were used to characterize anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-368 by application of nondestructive technique. The resin characterization was based on their performance during iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that during the iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 62.10% to 68.10 % using Purolite NRW-8000 resins and from 44.20% to 46.80% using Duolite A-368 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.260, 0.500, 0.130 and 11.8 respectively for Purolite NRW-8000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.130, 0.345, 0.045 and 6.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-368 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. From the overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, Purolite NRW-8000 resins show superior performance over Duolite A-368 resins. It is expected here that the present nondestructive technique can be extended further for characterization of different industrial grade ion exchange resins, which will help in their selection for specific industrial application.

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7

Singare, P. U. "Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.37.

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The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131I and 82Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application

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8

Singare, P. U. "Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 28, 2013): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-p17eh4.

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The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131I and 82Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application

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9

Singare, P. U. "Application of Nondestructive Radio Tracer Technique in Performance Evaluation of Anion Exchange Resins Duolite ARA-9366 and Duolite A-171." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.63.

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Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under identical experimental conditions of 40.00C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.176, 0.383, 0.067 and 7.8 respectively for Duolite ARA-9366 resin, which was higher than 0.142, 0.353, 0.050 and 7.0 respectively as that obtained for Duolite A-171 resins. Also it is observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 49.20% to 51.80% for Duolite ARA-9366 resins; and from 45.20% to 47.80% for Duolite A-171 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Duolite ARA-9366 resins over Duolite A-171 resins under identical operational parameters.

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Singare, P. U. "Application of Nondestructive Radio Tracer Technique in Performance Evaluation of Anion Exchange Resins Duolite ARA-9366 and Duolite A-171." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 28, 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-952oxf.

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Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under identical experimental conditions of 40.00C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.176, 0.383, 0.067 and 7.8 respectively for Duolite ARA-9366 resin, which was higher than 0.142, 0.353, 0.050 and 7.0 respectively as that obtained for Duolite A-171 resins. Also it is observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 49.20% to 51.80% for Duolite ARA-9366 resins; and from 45.20% to 47.80% for Duolite A-171 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Duolite ARA-9366 resins over Duolite A-171 resins under identical operational parameters.

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11

Singare, P. U. "Radio Analytical Nondestructive Technique in Performance Evaluation of Organic Base Ion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.77.

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Nondestructive radioanalytical technique using short lived isotopes 131I and 82Br was used as tracers to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The kinetic data so obtained was used to evaluate the performance of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 40.0 °C using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.332, 0.582, 0.193 and 16.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-6000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.210, 0.421, 0.088 and 14.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-378 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 74.68% to 79.48% using Purolite NRW-6000 resins and from 52.30% to 58.90% using Duolite A-378 resins. The overall results indicate superior performance of Purolite NRW-6000 resins over Duolite A-378 resins under identical operational parameters. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application.

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12

Singare, P. U. "Radio Analytical Nondestructive Technique in Performance Evaluation of Organic Base Ion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 28, 2013): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-r9okez.

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Nondestructive radioanalytical technique using short lived isotopes 131I and 82Br was used as tracers to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The kinetic data so obtained was used to evaluate the performance of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 40.0 °C using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.332, 0.582, 0.193 and 16.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-6000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.210, 0.421, 0.088 and 14.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-378 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 74.68% to 79.48% using Purolite NRW-6000 resins and from 52.30% to 58.90% using Duolite A-378 resins. The overall results indicate superior performance of Purolite NRW-6000 resins over Duolite A-378 resins under identical operational parameters. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application.

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Zala, Shailesh N., Mitesh B. Gondaliya, and Javed G. Mahetar. "Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Nitro Aniline Ion-Exchange Resin." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 32 (April 2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.32.112.

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A series of resins was synthesized and analyzed for selective ion-exchange nature for some metals. Substituted aniline was reacted with formaldehyde, melamine. For the synthesis of ion-exchange resins, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by elemental analysis and studied antimicrobial activities. Synthesized Resin shows ion exchange capability and moderate activity against microbial. Ion exchange resin also showed reusability and stability at an elevated temperature.

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Zala, Shailesh N., Mitesh B. Gondaliya, and Javed G. Mahetar. "Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Nitro Aniline Ion-Exchange Resin." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 32 (April 22, 2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-lui4c5.

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A series of resins was synthesized and analyzed for selective ion-exchange nature for some metals. Substituted aniline was reacted with formaldehyde, melamine. For the synthesis of ion-exchange resins, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by elemental analysis and studied antimicrobial activities. Synthesized Resin shows ion exchange capability and moderate activity against microbial. Ion exchange resin also showed reusability and stability at an elevated temperature.

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Srikanth, M. V., S. A. Sunil, N. S. Rao, M. U. Uhumwangho, and K. V. Ramana Murthy. "Ion-Exchange Resins as Controlled Drug Delivery Carriers." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 3 (August 24, 2010): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4991.

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Ion exchange resins (IER) are insoluble polymers that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter-ions within aqueous solutions surrounding them. Based on the nature of the exchangeable ion of the resin as a cation or anion, it is classified as cationic or anionic exchange resins, respectively. The efficacy of ion exchange resins mainly depends upon their physical properties such as degree of cross-linking, porosity, acid base strength, stability, purity and particle size. Modified release of drugs from resinate (drug-resin complexes) is another potential application of ion exchange resins. Due to the versatile utility of ion exchange resins, they are being used for various drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Resins used are polymers that contain appropriately substituted acidic groups, such as carboxylic and sulfonic for cation exchangers; or basic groups, such as quaternary ammonium group for anion exchangers. This review addresses different types of ion exchange resin, their properties, the chemistry; role of IER in controlled drug delivery systems, its therapeutic applications, methods of preparation of IER along with their resonates. Keywords: Anion exchange; Cation exchange; Resin; Controlled release; Resinates; Drug delivery. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4991 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 599-613 (2010)

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Ooishi, Mako, Satoshi Yamada, Toshiya Itoh, Shiori Meguro, Haruna Yagi, Isao Kosugi, Toshihide Iwashita, et al. "Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method." Diagnostics 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193.

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Ion-exchange resins are commonly used to treat complications such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal complications may occur as side effects of such treatments. Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (PS-Ca) are cation-exchange resins comprising an insoluble structure that binds to potassium ions in the digestive tract and exchanges them with sodium and calcium ions, respectively, to promote their elimination. PS crystals are rhomboid, refractive, and basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin staining. To differentiate PS crystals from other ion-exchange resin crystals such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, periodic acid–Schiff, Ziehl–Neelsen, and Congo red staining are usually performed. Here, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the NanoSuit method (CENM) was applied to perform a definitive identification of ion-exchange resins. CENM could detect sulfur in PS crystals without destroying the glass slides. Notably, PS retained its ion-exchange ability to bind potassium in paraffin sections. Differential diagnosis of anion-exchange resins, such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, was possible using these characteristics. The phosphorus:carbon ratio was higher in sevelamer than in cholestyramine after soaking paraffin sections in a phosphate solution. Therefore, CENM may be used for the differential pathological diagnosis of ion-exchange resins in paraffin sections.

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Klimonda, Aleksandra, and Izabela Kowalska. "Removal of quaternary ammonium compounds in ion exchange process." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600034.

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The study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of ion exchange process in cationic surfactant (benzalkonium chloride, BAC) removal from model solutions. Four commercial cation-exchange resins were chosen for the batch tests in four doses (2.5–20 mL L-1). The experiments included evaluation of the following parameters on ion exchange efficiency: resin characteristics and dose, presence of inorganic salt and pH of treated solution. The ion exchange process was found to be very effective in cationic surfactant removal – two of tested resins allowed to remove up to 80% of contaminant after contact time of 40 minutes, the last two – after 60 minutes of mixing in all range of doses. The presence of electrolyte neither pH change has no essential effect on surfactant removal efficiency. The analysis of the ion exchange isotherms showed that the strongly-acidic macroporous resin C150 H was characterized by the highest BAC ion exchange capacity (153.8 mg mL-1), while the weakly-acidic gel resin C104 showed the best affinity of the exchanged ions to the resin matrix.

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SAITO, Kyoichi. "Ion-Exchange Resins." Journal of Ion Exchange 11, no. 2 (2000): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.11.45.

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Echigo, S., S. Itoh, and M. Kuwahara. "Bromide removal by hydrotalcite-like compounds in a continuous system." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.817.

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Bromide ion removal from a real water matrix by hydrortalcite-like compounds (HTCs) was attempted in a column reactor to control the formation of brominated disinfection by-products in drinking water treatment process. The performance of HTCs was found to be comparable to a commercially available ion exchange resin for relatively low alkalinity water. Also, it was deduced that HTCs are better than ion exchange resins for high sulfate water because of their unique ion selectivity. In addition, the ion exchange reactions by HTCs were faster than a commercially available resin. Thus, HTCs are expected to provide similar performance to organic resins without the concern about secondary contamination (i.e., elution of organic compounds from resins).

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Biswas, Kinkar, Sujit Ghosh, and Basudeb Basu. "Ion-exchange Resins and Polypeptide Supported Catalysts: A Critical Review." Current Green Chemistry 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213346107666200204125435.

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Heterogeneous catalysis represents one of the important areas in the field of organic synthesis. Major developments have been emerged during last few decades and polymer-supported catalysts have been employed successfully in various catalytic organic transformations. Ion-exchange resins and polypeptides are two important examples of such heterogeneous polymer-supported catalysts among others because of their easy accessibility, stability, recoverability and reusability. Cross-linked ion-exchange resins and polypeptides are highly insoluble, which make them better choice in terms of their easy separation from the reaction mixture and subsequent recyclability. The present review article provides an overview of different types of ion exchange resins as polymer-supported catalysts such as amberlite resin, polystyrene resin, polyionic gel-based systems, ion-exchange resins and prolineimmobilized species, PEG-bound poly (amino acid), amino acid anchored with Merrifild resin, amphiphilic block polypeptides etc. Their preparation, characterizations and catalytic applications in diverse organic transformations have been presented with critical analysis on their stability, mechanistic overview and suitability etc.

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Pismenskaya, Natalia, Veronika Sarapulova, Anastasia Klevtsova, Sergey Mikhaylin, and Laurent Bazinet. "Adsorption of Anthocyanins by Cation and Anion Exchange Resins with Aromatic and Aliphatic Polymer Matrices." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 7874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217874.

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This study examines the mechanisms of adsorption of anthocyanins from model aqueous solutions at pH values of 3, 6, and 9 by ion-exchange resins making the main component of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes. This is the first report demonstrating that the pH of the internal solution of a KU-2-8 aromatic cation-exchange resin is 2-3 units lower than the pH of the external bathing anthocyanin-containing solution, and the pH of the internal solution of some anion-exchange resins with an aromatic (AV-17-8, AV-17-2P) or aliphatic (EDE-10P) matrix is 2–4 units higher than the pH of the external solution. This pH shift is caused by the Donnan exclusion of hydroxyl ions (in the KU-2-8 resin) or protons (in the AV-17-8, AV-17-2P, and EDE-10P resins). The most significant pH shift is observed for the EDE-10P resin, which has the highest ion-exchange capacity causing the highest Donnan exclusion. Due to the pH shift, the electric charge of anthocyanin inside an ion-exchange resin differs from its charge in the external solution. At pH 6, the external solution contains uncharged anthocyanin molecules. However, in the AV-17-8 and AV-17-2P resins, the anthocyanins are present as singly charged anions, while in the EDE-10P resin, they are in the form of doubly charged anions. Due to the electrostatic interactions of these anions with the positively charged fixed groups of anion-exchange resins, the adsorption capacities of AV-17-8, AV-17-2P, and EDE-10P were higher than expected. It was established that the electrostatic interactions of anthocyanins with the charged fixed groups increase the adsorption capacity of the aromatic resin by a factor of 1.8–2.5 compared to the adsorption caused by the π–π (stacking) interactions. These results provide new insights into the fouling mechanism of ion-exchange materials by polyphenols; they can help develop strategies for membrane cleaning and for extracting anthocyanins from juices and wine using ion-exchange resins and membranes.

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Huo, Guang Sheng, Qiong Song, and Chun Hua Liao. "Selection of Ion Exchange Resins for Tungsten and Molybdenum Separation." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.363.

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A solution containing tungsten and molybdenum was acidified using hydrochloric acid, and the ability of several commercial ion exchange resins to separate tungsten and molybdenum was evaluated. The results from the acidification test indicate that when the pH of the solution is adjusted to 7.0, WO42- is polymerized into HW6O215-, while MoO42- is not. The test results of resins selection show that the D213 resin and the D308 resin are superior to other resins in separating low concentrations of tungsten and molybdenum, whereas the D201 resin and the D309 resin are suitable for separating high concentrations of tungsten and molybdenum. The results from the column test indicate that weak-base anion exchange resins are better than strong-base anion exchange resins for both low and high concentrations of tungsten and molybdenum.

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Alexandratos, Spiro D., Marie Bates, Anthony J. Walder, and W. J. Mcdowell. "Novel Bifunctional Resins in Metal Ion Separations: Ion Exchange/Coordination Resins and Ion Exchange/Precipitation Resins." Separation Science and Technology 23, no. 12-13 (October 1988): 1915–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496398808075672.

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Pospelova, A. V., N. N. Fetyukova, and E. N. Pyankova. "Experimental Study Aimed at Decreasing the Activity of Spent Ion-Exchange Resins." Radioactive Waste 23, no. 2 (2023): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2023-2-56-62.

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High level decontamination is seen as a method providing the reprocessing of ion-exchange resins: they are treated with specifically selected solutions to achieve high degree of radionuclide elution. In 2021, Research Manufacturing Technological Bureau Onega launched an experimental study aimed at reducing the activity of spent ion-exchange resins unloaded from ships undergoing maintenance. Under the study, a few experiments were performed to select appropriate regenerating solutions, optimal methods for spent ion-exchange resin processing and treatment of regenerating solutions on sorbents of NZрS and TsMPA types. Based on the study, a method was proposed with an appropriate processing flowchart developed to manage spent ion-exchange resins at the ship repair site Zvezdochka.

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Imanbekov, K. M., and E. E. Ergozhin. "Aminovinylpyridine ion-exchange resins." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 79, no. 8 (August 2006): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427206080155.

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Ghoussoub, Yara E., Hadi M. Fares, Jose D. Delgado, Laura R. Keller, and Joseph B. Schlenoff. "Antifouling Ion-Exchange Resins." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 48 (November 20, 2018): 41747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b12865.

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MENG, HONG, CHANGSHENG PENG, SHAOXIAN SONG, and DAYAO DENG. "ELECTRO-REGENERATION MECHANISM OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS IN ELECTRODEIONIZATION." Surface Review and Letters 11, no. 06 (December 2004): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x04006542.

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The regeneration mechanism of ion-exchange resins in the electrodeionization process has been studied with theoretical and experimental investigation. Theoretically, contact forms of resins and membranes can be divided into 4 types, and the possible places of water-splitting are located at the contact faces of different types resins and membranes, for example, cation ion-exchange resins contact with anion ion-exchange resins or membranes, anion ion-exchange resins contact with cation ion-exchange resins and membranes, according to the theoretical calculation. And the exhausted ion-exchange resins can be regenerated by the electrodeionization process with the regeneration efficiency at 70–80% in this work.

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Pogodaeva, Mariya, Alexandra Bogdanova, and Lyudmila Adeeva. "SELECTION OF ION-EXCHANGE RESIN FOR EXTRACTION OF REE FROM COMPLEX SOLUTIONS DURING PROCESSING OF OIL CRACKING CATALYST." Herald of Omsk University 25, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1812-3996.2020.25(2).39-43.

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It was found that the ion exchange resins Purolite C100 H and Purolite S-957 can be used to extract lanthanum (III) ions from solutions. The values of the resin capacities for lan-thanum (III), iron (III) and aluminum and the ion distribution coefficients for both resins were determined. It is shown that according to the values of the separation coefficients, Purolite C100 H resin can be used for ion exchange separation of lanthanum ions from complex solutions

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WATANABE, Junya. "Novel Ion Exchange Resins and Ion Exchange Technologies." Journal of Ion Exchange 10, no. 2 (1999): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.10.70.

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Qian, P., and J. J. Schoenau. "Practical applications of ion exchange resins in agricultural and environmental soil research." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-091.

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The use of synthetic ion-exchange resins to examine ion bioavailability in soil and sediment systems has attracted much attention over the years. The first report in this regard was made 7-8 yr after resins were developed in the 1930s. So far, nearly 400 journal articles have been published related to use of resins in soil and environmental studies. The experience gained has led to more widespread applications in research as well as practical use in soil fertility assessment and fertilizer recommendations. Two commercial products developed in North America have directly resulted from years of research efforts. Recent developments in resin technology and availability warrant an updated review of the literature to aid in better understanding and utilizion of this technique. In this paper we provide an overview of historic and current developments in the use of ion exchange techniques in soil research. We also provide specific examples of successful use of batch and diffusion-sensitive ion exchange techniques in research and commercial use to assess ion availability. Finally, we address certain frequently asked questions about how the ion exchange resin technique is applied and how results are interpreted, including their advantages and limitations. Key Words: Ion exchange resin, agriculture, environment, soil research

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Bidkar, Shital J., M. E. B. Rao, Ganesh Y. Dama, Jayant S. Bidkar, and Ajinkya D. Dighe. "Design of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Lamivudine using Ion Exchange Resins Indion 204, Tulsion 335 and Doshion P551." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 04 (December 25, 2022): 1774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.4.47.

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Ion exchange resigns are suitable for usage as flavor masking agents and sustained pharmaceutical release due to their inherent properties such as high ion exchangeability, modified administration capacity, physiochemical stability, and non-solubility in any solvent. Ion-exchange resins (IERs) are macromolecular polymers with differing cationic and anionic functional groups qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The polymer chain is fabricated in such a way that it consists of different salt-forming groups in repeating mode. In this study, we have tried to create a rapid dissolving oro-film of lamivudine using the ion exchange resins indion 204, tulsion 335, and doshion P551. FDOFs attempt to boost patient compliance by shortening the time it takes for the treatment to take effect, in addition to having a quick onset of action and higher bioavailability and also it’s a conventional dosage form. Out of three different resins, indion 204 gives a very excellent result with 1:1.5 ratio, where the maximum amount of complexation is within 4 hours of stirring. Their resinate are converted into granules and exhibit satisfactory value of angle of repose, bulk density, and flow property. Drug loading with indion 204 resin showed above 94%.”

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Tursunov, Tulkun. "Phosphorus-contained polycondensation type ion-exchange resins." Applied Technologies and Innovations 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2012): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/ati.2012.2.

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Mazidji, C. N., B. Koopman, and G. Bitton. "Chelating Resin versus Ion-Exchange Resin for Heavy Metal Removal in Toxicity Fractionation." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1992): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0399.

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A chelating resin (Chelex 50-100) and ion-exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X8) were evaluated for removal of heavy metals in toxicity fractionation. Microtox and β-galactosidase activity were employed as toxicity endpoints. The resins were packed into 4 raL glass Pasteur pipettes for use. Chelating resin provided complete removal of toxicity due to polyvalent heavy metal cations (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn). Ion-exchange resin was ineffective in removing mercury toxicity. Neither resin provided complete removal of Ag+ toxicity. Toxicity of organic compounds was, at most, partially removed. Performance of the ion-exchange and chelating resins was insensitive to hardness and pH. Based on these results, chelating resin is recommended for heavy metal removal as part of a toxicity fractionation procedure.

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Ren, Xin Lin, Ping Long, Jian Wu, Xiu Min Chen, and Bin Yang. "Removal of Sodium Ions from the Mother Liquor of Sodium Fluorosilicate by Ion Exchange Method." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2742.

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Ion exchange method was used to remove the sodium ions from the mother liquor of sodium fluorosilicate in this study. Some experiments were done at different conditions of the amount of 732 resin, reaction temperature and time. At the same time, the regeneration method of 732 resins and the effect of removing sodium ions of the regenerative resins were investigated either. The optimum conditions were obtained. The result indicated that ion exchange method was feasible. And the resins could be regenerated and reused for many times. Ion exchange method was pollution-free and low cost in the treatment process of mother liquor of sodium fluorosilicate.

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Li, Xiaodan, Shikun Wu, Chunlei Kan, Ye Zhang, Yingbin Liang, Guangzhi Cui, Jiandong Li, and Songlin Yang. "Application of Ion Exchange Resin in the Advanced Treatment of Condensate Water." E3S Web of Conferences 272 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201005.

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The advanced treatment of condensate water is important for efficient reuse of water resources, especially in confined space. In this work, a novel integrated process of ion exchange resins and activated carbon is proposed to remove various pollutants in condensate water. A fixed bed column of pre-treated basic anion exchange resin, acidic cation exchange resin, mixed ion exchange resins and modified activated carbon was applied to remove ionic pollutants, organic pollutants and adjust the pH value of output water. The effects of the types, amount ratios and the sequence of ion exchange resins were investigated using two types of condensate water. The results showed that the output water of the fixed bed column had an average TOC of 30~70 ppm, conductivity under 5 μS/cm, pH value of 5~8, which could meet the requirements of sanitary water. The saturated adsorption capacities of the basic anion exchange resin and the acidic cation exchange resin were calculated to be 0.87 mol/L and 1.82 mol/L, respectively. Under the actual operating conditions, continuous dynamic test was carried out over a condensate water treatment module consisting of two adsorption columns and four exchange columns to evaluate its real service life.

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Singare, Pravin U. "Radioisotopic Tracer Technique for Characterization of Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Grade Ion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (September 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.1.

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In the present paper 82Br radioactive tracer isotopes was used for characterization of nuclear and non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810 respectively. The bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions were performed by equilibrating 1.000 g of conditioned resins in bromide form with labeled bromide ion solution of different concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.004 M, in the temperature range of 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The resins were characterized by comparing the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of bromide ion exchanged (mmol) and percentage of bromide ions exchanged under identical experimental conditions. It was observed that the above values decrease with rise in temperature and increases with increase in concentration of labeled bromide ion solution. From the experimental values of specific reaction rate, amount and percentage of bromide ions exchanged, it was observed that Tulsion A-23 resins are superior to Indion-810 resins under identical experimental conditions.

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Singare, Pravin U. "Radioisotopic Tracer Technique for Characterization of Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Grade Ion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (April 2, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-637j2h.

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In the present paper 82Br radioactive tracer isotopes was used for characterization of nuclear and non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810 respectively. The bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions were performed by equilibrating 1.000 g of conditioned resins in bromide form with labeled bromide ion solution of different concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.004 M, in the temperature range of 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The resins were characterized by comparing the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of bromide ion exchanged (mmol) and percentage of bromide ions exchanged under identical experimental conditions. It was observed that the above values decrease with rise in temperature and increases with increase in concentration of labeled bromide ion solution. From the experimental values of specific reaction rate, amount and percentage of bromide ions exchanged, it was observed that Tulsion A-23 resins are superior to Indion-810 resins under identical experimental conditions.

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Ulusoy Erol, Humeyra B., Christa N. Hestekin, and Jamie A. Hestekin. "Effects of Resin Chemistries on the Selective Removal of Industrially Relevant Metal Ions Using Wafer-Enhanced Electrodeionization." Membranes 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010045.

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Wafer-enhanced electrodeionization (WE-EDI) is an electrically driven separations technology that occurs under the influence of an applied electric field and heavily depends on ion exchange resin chemistry. Unlike filtration processes, WE-EDI can be used to selectively remove ions even from high concentration systems. Because every excess ion transported increases the operating costs, the selective separation offered by WE-EDI can provide a more energy-efficient and cost-effective process, especially for highly concentrated salt solutions. This work reports the performance comparison of four commonly used cation exchange resins (Amberlite IR120 Na+, Amberlite IRP 69, Dowex MAC 3 H+, and Amberlite CG 50) and their influence on the current efficiency and selectivity for the removal of cations from a highly concentrated salt stream. The current efficiencies were high for all the resin types studied. Results also revealed that weak cation exchange resins favor the transport of the monovalent ion (Na+) while strong cation exchange resins either had no strong preference or preferred to transport the divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+). Moreover, the strong cation exchange resins in powder form generally performed better in wafers than those in the bead form for the selective removal of divalent ions (selectivity > 1). To further understand the impact of particle size, resins in the bead form were ground into a powder. After grinding the strong cation resins displayed similar behavior (more consistent current efficiency and preference for transporting divalent ions) to the strong cation resins in powder form. This indicates the importance of resin size in the performance of wafers.

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Ulusoy Erol, Humeyra B., Christa N. Hestekin, and Jamie A. Hestekin. "Effects of Resin Chemistries on the Selective Removal of Industrially Relevant Metal Ions Using Wafer-Enhanced Electrodeionization." Membranes 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010045.

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Wafer-enhanced electrodeionization (WE-EDI) is an electrically driven separations technology that occurs under the influence of an applied electric field and heavily depends on ion exchange resin chemistry. Unlike filtration processes, WE-EDI can be used to selectively remove ions even from high concentration systems. Because every excess ion transported increases the operating costs, the selective separation offered by WE-EDI can provide a more energy-efficient and cost-effective process, especially for highly concentrated salt solutions. This work reports the performance comparison of four commonly used cation exchange resins (Amberlite IR120 Na+, Amberlite IRP 69, Dowex MAC 3 H+, and Amberlite CG 50) and their influence on the current efficiency and selectivity for the removal of cations from a highly concentrated salt stream. The current efficiencies were high for all the resin types studied. Results also revealed that weak cation exchange resins favor the transport of the monovalent ion (Na+) while strong cation exchange resins either had no strong preference or preferred to transport the divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+). Moreover, the strong cation exchange resins in powder form generally performed better in wafers than those in the bead form for the selective removal of divalent ions (selectivity > 1). To further understand the impact of particle size, resins in the bead form were ground into a powder. After grinding the strong cation resins displayed similar behavior (more consistent current efficiency and preference for transporting divalent ions) to the strong cation resins in powder form. This indicates the importance of resin size in the performance of wafers.

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Tang, Xiaowei, and Kunyu Ju. "Exploring Strategies for Copper Removal from Nickel Anolytes: A Review." ChemEngineering 7, no. 6 (December 5, 2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7060116.

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Various methods, such as electrochemical purification, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion-exchange resins, have been extensively employed for the removal of copper from nickel anolytes. However, these methods exhibit several significant drawbacks when applied in industrial settings. For instance, electrochemical purification fails to efficiently manage nickel anolyte solutions with low copper content. Chemical precipitation presents challenges in residue management and incurs high production costs for precipitants. Solvent extraction raises concerns related to toxicity, while the use of ion-exchange resins demands meticulous selection of suitable materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of the nickel removal methods used for nickel anolyte purification, electrochemical purification, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion-exchange resins. We also examine the suitability and benefits of each technique in industrial settings. The ion-exchange method has drawn significant attention due to its strong selectivity and small adsorption quantity. The ion-exchange separation process does not generate any slag, and the ion-exchange resin can be recycled and reused; this method has great potential in a wide range of applications.

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Verdickt, L., W. Closset, V. D'Haeseleer, and J. Cromphout. "Applicability of ion exchange for NOM removal from a sulfate-rich surface water incorporating full reuse of the brine." Water Supply 12, no. 6 (October 1, 2012): 878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.065.

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The raw water of water treatment works ‘the Blankaart’ (Belgium) is characterized by high levels of NOM (Natural Organic Matter), alkalinity and sulfate. From 2006 until present, the possibility of applying fluidized ion exchange for NOM removal has been investigated at the plant. Pilot testing using Miex® (Magnetic Ion Exchange) resin demonstrated that under standard operating conditions, a TOC (Total Organic Carbon) removal efficiency of 40 to 50% can be achieved. Moreover, jar tests demonstrated that the application of ion exchange as a pretreatment for enhanced coagulation would allow the coagulant dose to be reduced by 60% without compromising effluent quality. Finally, column experiments were conducted to evaluate (i) the effect of full brine reuse and (ii) the possibility of using less expensive conventional ion exchange resins instead of the patented Miex® resin. Recuperation of the waste brine after flocculation with a ferric salt and dewatering was found to have no significant impact on the NOM removal efficiency. Column experiments with Miex® and conventional type 1 anion exchange resins revealed that the fluidization characteristics of both types of resin allow use in fluidized bed systems and that with both types of resin, similar NOM removal efficiencies can be attained. However, higher contact times are required when conventional resins are applied.

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Singare, P. U. "Characterization of polystyrene and polyacrylic based polymeric materials exposed to oxidative degradation." Kerntechnik 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2021-0006.

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Abstract The characterization of oxidative degraded polystyrene-based resin (R1) and polyacrylic based resin (R2) resins in H2O2 and HClO4 degradation medium were made based on the kinetics and thermodynamic data obtained for the ion-isotopic exchange reactions using such resins. For the reactions performed by using resins degraded in H2O2 medium, the reaction rate (k) values obtained for the fresh R1 (0.315 min–1) and R2 (0.187 min–1) resins decreases to 0.300 and 0.155 min–1 respectively for the resins degraded in 20% H2O2 medium, which further decreases to 0.289 and 0.142 min–1 respectively for the resins degraded in 30% H2O2 medium. A similar trend in the results were observed for the reactions performed by using the above resins degraded in HClO4 medium. The higher values of k (min–1) and low values of various thermodynamic parameters for the ion-isotopic exchange reactions performed by using fresh and degraded polystyrene-based resin R1 resins suggests superior degradation stability as compared to polyacrylic based R2 resin.

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Sodzidzi, Zizikazi, Zebron Phiri, Jemal Fito Nure, Titus A. M. Msagati, and Lueta-Ann de Kock. "Adsorption of Toxic Metals Using Hydrous Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resins." Materials 17, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051168.

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental problem caused by the release of acidic, toxic, and sulfate-rich water from mining sites. This study aimed to develop novel adsorbents for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)), cadmium (Cd(II)), and lead (Pb(II)) from simulated and actual AMD using hybrid ion-exchange resins embedded with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Two types of resins were synthesized: anionic exchange resin (HAIX-HFO) for Cr(VI) removal and cationic exchange resin (HCIX-HFO) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal. The resins were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of HFO particles. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under acidic and sulfate-enhanced conditions to evaluate the adsorption capacity and kinetics of the resins. It was found that both resins exhibited high adsorption efficiencies and fast adsorption rates for their respective metal ions. To explore the potential adsorption on actual AMD, HCIX-HFO demonstrated significant removal of some metal ions. The saturated HCIX-HFO resin was regenerated using NaCl, and a high amount of the adsorbed Cd(II) and Pb(II) was recovered. This study demonstrates that HFO-embedded hybrid ion-exchange resins are promising adsorbents for treating AMD contaminated with heavy metals.

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Orjuela Londoño, Álvaro, Fernando Leiva Lenis, Luis Alejandro Boyacá Mendivelso, Gerardo Rodríguez Niño, and Luis María Carballo Suárez. "Study of the butyl acetate synthesis 1. Catalyst selection." Ingeniería e Investigación 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v24n1.14722.

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In this work, a laboratory scale selection study over eight catalytic agents was made in the acetic acid and butyl alcohol esterification reaction (seven Ion exchange resins and a zeolytic solid). Considering some physicochemical characteristics as the activation pre-treating requirements, acidity, thermal stability, reaction performance, etc., it was found that macroporous ion exchange resins are the most efficient catalysts, especially Lewatit K-2431 resin.

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Chen, Xu, Lida Wang, Zhuang Wan, Wen Sun, Zhengqing Yang, Jingjing Jin, and Guichang Liu. "An innovative compound bed of EDI device with enhancing ion-exchange resins regeneration efficiency." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 10 (April 27, 2021): 2549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.161.

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Abstract Electrodeionization (EDI) technology is limited by low regeneration efficiency of ion exchange resins, requirements of high-quality influent water, fouling of the ion exchange membrane and electrode, etc. In this work, a novel bed type called a compound bed in which cation and anion exchange resins were near the cation and anion exchange membrane and placed in layers, was proposed to implement high-efficiency regeneration of ion exchange resins. The influence of different operating conditions on the regeneration efficiency of ion exchange resins was elucidated as well. The regeneration efficiency of ion exchange resins could reach 73.1%, when the device was operated for 5 h under current density of 9 mA/cm2, with a cation and anion exchange resins ratio of 2: 3, influent water conductivity of 1,360 μS/cm and hardness of 400 mg/L. Therefore, the proposed compound bed structure not only widened the inlet water conditions, but also achieved the high-efficiency regeneration of ion exchange resins and anti-fouling of membranes and electrodes.

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Mira, Helena, Patricia Leite, Jorge Manuel Ricardo-da-Silva, and António Sérgio Curvelo-Garcia. "Use of ion exchange resins for tartrate wine stabilization." OENO One 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2006.40.4.865.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The application of the cation exchange and double cation-anion exchange resins, regarding the wine tartrate stabilization, without previous treatment of wine by cold has been studied as well as their influence in phenolic, mineral and organic acid composition. The R1 resin was used in Mg2+, Na+ and H+ form, the R2 resin was always used in H+ form, and the R3 was used in OH- form. The eluted wine was assembled with untreated wine to obtain stable wine. The R2 resin showed to be more efficient to enhance the tartrate stabilization than R1 in Mg2+ form; however in H+ form, the behaviour of both resins was quite similar. The tartrate stabilization results to double cation anion exchange were similar to the results obtained with cation exchange.</p>

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Hiwase, V. V., A. B. Kalambe, K. M. Khedkar, and S. D. Deosarkar. "Ion Exchange Properties of Resins Derived fromp-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Resorcinol and Formaldehyde." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2010): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/830484.

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The terpolymeric resins were prepared by base catalyzed polycondensation ofp-hydroxybenzaldehyde, resorcinol and formaldehyde. Resin obtained by molar monomer composition,p-hydroxybenzaldehyde: resorcinol: formaldehyde as 1:1:3 was abbreviated as PHBRF-I and that prepared by 1:2:4 composition was abbreviated as PHBRF-II. These resins were characterized by physicochemical methods such as elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR and NMR. ion-exchange study was carried out with Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+& Cd2+by batch equilibrium method. The rate of metal ion uptake by PHBRF-II terpolymeric resin was higher than that of PHBRF-I. Effect of pH and electrolytes under specified condition were also studied. The terpolymeric resins show high selectivity for Cu2+, Zn2+and Co2+as compared to Ni2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+.

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de Araujo, Leandro, and Júlio Marumo. "Reaction of Ion Exchange Resins with Fenton’s Reagent." Environments 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5110123.

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One of the most common treatment methods for spent ion exchange resins is their immobilization in cement, which reduces the release of radionuclides into the environment. Although this method is efficient, it considerably increases the final volume of the waste due to its low incorporation capacity. This work aims to evaluate the degradation of ion exchange resins by the Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+). The resin evaluated was a mixture of cationic and anionic resins, both non-radioactive. The reactions were conducted by varying the catalyst concentration (25, 50, 100, and 150 mmol L−1) and the volume of hydrogen peroxide. Three different temperatures were evaluated by varying the flow of reactants, which were 50, 60, and 70 °C. Cement specimens were prepared from the treated solutions and two parameters were assessed—namely, final setting time and axial compressive strength. The results showed that the experimental conditions were suitable to dissolve the resins, and the Fe3+ produced as precipitate during the experiments increased the resistance of the final product. The immobilized product complied with the limits established by regulation.

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Egorin, Andrei, Eduard Tokar, Mikhail Tutov, and Arseniy Portnyagin. "Porous Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010007.

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Abstract:

Porous ion-exchanging resorcinol-formaldehyde resins were prepared by removing an inorganic template (CaCO3) and by polymerization of a highly concentrated emulsion with toluene as a dispersing phase. As compared to original resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, the porous one is characterized with higher values of internal diffusion, providing exceptional purification coefficients. However, the amounts of the introduced CaCO3 and toluene have to be below 10 wt.% and 25 wt.%, respectively, to avoid fast degradation of the ion-exchanger. Under dynamic conditions, average purification coefficients in the model solution of Cs-137 are twice higher than those of the non-porous sample. The prepared porous ion-exchange resin can be used in cases when high Cs-137 uptake from liquid media should be realized at increased rates of solution percolation.

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Tsyurupa, M. P., V. A. Davankov, and S. V. Rogozhin. "Macronet isoporous ion-exchange resins." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia 47, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070470124.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ion exchange resins'

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