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Journal articles on the topic 'Ion Conduction - Glass'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Mehrer, Helmut. "Diffusion and Ion Conduction in Cation-Conducting Oxide Glasses." Diffusion Foundations 6 (February 2016): 59–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.6.59.

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In this Chapter we review knowledge about diffusion and cation conduction in oxide glasses. We first remind the reader in Section 1 of major aspects of the glassy state and recall in Section 2 the more common glass families. The diffusive motion in ion-conducting oxide glasses can be studied by several techniques – measurements of radiotracer diffusion, studies of the ionic conductivity by impedance spectroscopy, viscosity studies and pressure dependent studies of tracer diffusion and ion conduction. These methods are briefly reviewed in Section 3. Radiotracer diffusion is element-specific, whereas ionic conduction is not. A comparison of both types of experiments can throw considerable light on the question which type of ions are carriers of ionic conduction. For ionic conductors Haven ratios can be obtained from the tracer diffusivity and the ionic conductivity for those ions which dominate the conductivity.In the following sections we review the diffusive motion of cations in soda-lime silicate glass and in several alkali-oxide glasses based mainly on results from our laboratory published in detail elsewhere, but we also take into account literature data.Section 4 is devoted to two soda-lime silicate glasses, materials which are commonly used for window glass and glass containers. A comparison between ionic conductivity and tracer diffusion of Na and Ca isotopes, using the Nernst-Einstein relation to deduce charge diffusivities, reveals that sodium ions are the carriers of ionic conduction in soda-lime glasses. A comparison with viscosity data on the basis of the Stokes-Einstein relation shows that the SiO2 network is many orders of magnitude less mobile than the relatively fast diffusing modifier cations Na. The Ca ions are less mobile than the Na ions but nevertheless Ca is considerably more mobile than the network.Section 5 summarizes results of ion conduction and tracer diffusion for single Na and single Rb borate glasses. Tracer diffusion and ionic conduction have been studied in single alkali-borate glasses as functions of temperature and pressure. The smaller ion is the faster diffusing species in its own glass. This is a common feature of all alkali oxide glasses. The Haven ratio of Na in Na borate glass is temperature independent whereas the Haven ratio of Rb diffusion in Rb borate glass decreases with decreasing temperature.Section 6 reviews major facts of alkali-oxide glasses with two different alkali ions. Such glasses reveal the so-called mixed-alkali effect. Its major feature is a deep minimum of the conductivity near some middle composition for the ratio of the two alkali ions. Tracer diffusion shows a crossover of the two tracer diffusivities as functions of the relative alkali content near the conductivity minimum. The values of the tracer diffusivities also reveal in which composition range which ions dominate ionic conduction. Tracer diffusion is faster for those alkali ions which dominate the composition of the mixed glass.Section 7 considers the pressure dependence of tracer diffusion and ionic conduction. Activation volumes of tracer diffusion and of charge diffusion are reviewed. By comparison of tracer and charge diffusion the so-called Haven ratios are obtained as functions of temperature, pressure and composition. The Haven ratio of Rb in Rb borate glass decreases with temperature and pressure whereas that of Na in Na borate glass is almost constant.Section 8 summarizes additional common features of alkali-oxide glasses. Activation enthalpies of charge diffusion decrease with decreasing average ion-ion distance. The Haven ratio is unity for large ion-ion distances and decreases with increasing alkali content and hence with decreasing ion-ion distance.Conclusions about the mechanism of diffusion are discussed in Section 9. The Haven ratio near unity at low alkali concentrations can be attributed to interstitial-like diffusion similar to interstitial diffusion in crystals. At higher alkali contents collective, chain-like motions of several ions prevail and lead to a decrease of the Haven ratio. The tracer diffusivities have a pressure dependence which is stronger than that of ionic conductivity. This entails a pressure-dependent Haven ratio, which can be attributed to an increasing degree of collectivity of the ionic jump process with increasing pressure. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the number of ions which participate in collective jump events increases with increasing ion content – i.e. with decreasing average ion-ion distance. For the highest alkali contents up to four ions can be involved in collective motion. Common aspects of the motion process of ions in glasses and of atoms in glassy metals are pointed out. Diffusion in glassy metals also occurs by collective motion of several atoms.Section 10 summarizes the major features of ionic conduction and tracer diffusion and its temperature and pressure dependence of oxide glasses.
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2

Bhatt, Alok, Angesh Chandra, Archana Chandra, Subhashis Basak, and M. Z. Khan. "Synthesis and ion conduction of Ag+ ion conducting glass-polymer composites." Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 5085–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.849.

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3

Pietrzak, Tomasz K., Marek Wasiucionek, and Jerzy E. Garbarczyk. "Towards Higher Electric Conductivity and Wider Phase Stability Range via Nanostructured Glass-Ceramics Processing." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051321.

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This review article presents recent studies on nanostructured glass-ceramic materials with substantially improved electrical (ionic or electronic) conductivity or with an extended temperature stability range of highly conducting high-temperature crystalline phases. Such materials were synthesized by the thermal nanocrystallization of selected electrically conducting oxide glasses. Various nanostructured systems have been described, including glass-ceramics based on ion conductive glasses (silver iodate and bismuth oxide ones) and electronic conductive glasses (vanadate-phosphate and olivine-like ones). Most systems under consideration have been studied with the practical aim of using them as electrode or solid electrolyte materials for rechargeable Li-ion, Na-ion, all-solid batteries, or solid oxide fuel cells. It has been shown that the conductivity enhancement of glass-ceramics is closely correlated with their dual microstructure, consisting of nanocrystallites (5–100 nm) confined in the glassy matrix. The disordered interfacial regions in those materials form “easy conduction” paths. It has also been shown that the glassy matrices may be a suitable environment for phases, which in bulk form are stable at high temperatures, and may exist when confined in nanograins embedded in the glassy matrix even at room temperature. Many complementary experimental techniques probing the electrical conductivity, long- and short-range structure, microstructure at the nanometer scale, or thermal transitions have been used to characterize the glass-ceramic systems under consideration. Their results have helped to explain the correlations between the microstructure and the properties of these systems.
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4

Heenen, Hendrik H., Johannes Voss, Christoph Scheurer, Karsten Reuter, and Alan C. Luntz. "Multi-ion Conduction in Li3OCl Glass Electrolytes." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 10, no. 9 (2019): 2264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00500.

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5

Pan, Ji Yong, and Xue Qiang Cao. "Comparison of the DC and AC Conductivities of Li2O-P2O5 Glass." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1449.

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Lithium phosphate glass with composition of 45Li2O-55P2O5 (in mol%) was prepared by the conventional melt quenching method and the electrical properties were examined by DC conductivity and impedance spectra. It was found that the difference between DC conductivity and DCtot conductivity deduced from impedance spectra was distinct. Difference of activation energies obtaining by DC and DCtot conductivity implied that the conduction mechanism was different. The glass of 45Li2O-55P2O5 is lithium ion conductor while the oxygen ion in the glass can migrate in some conditions.
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6

Kumar, N. S. Krishna, S. Vinoth Rathan, and G. Govindaraj. "Analysis of ion conduction and relaxation in Na2NbCdP3O12 glass." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 73 (February 17, 2015): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/73/1/012066.

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7

Choi, Seung Ho, Seung Jong Lee, Hye Jin Kim, Seung Bin Park, and Jang Wook Choi. "Li2O–B2O3–GeO2 glass as a high performance anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 16 (2018): 6860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00934a.

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Li<sub>2</sub>O–B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–GeO<sub>2</sub> glass is demonstrated as a promising lithium-ion battery anode because the glass phase facilitates lithium ion conduction while buffering the volume expansion of the active material.
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8

Yamashita, K. "New fast sodium-ion conducting glass-ceramics of silicophosphates: Crystallization, microstructure and conduction properties." Solid State Ionics 35, no. 3-4 (1989): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(89)90312-3.

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9

Shrivastava, A., and D. Chakravorty. "Electrical conduction in ion-exchanged glass fibres containing aluminium dispersoids." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 20, no. 3 (1987): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/20/3/021.

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10

Machida, Nobuya, Toshihiko Shigematsu, Norihiko Nakanishi, Sinji Tsuchida, and Tsutomu Minami. "Glass formation and ion conduction in the CuCl–Cu2MoO4–Cu3PO4system." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 88, no. 20 (1992): 3059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9928803059.

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11

Adhwaryu, V. A., and D. K. Kanchan. "Ag+ ion conduction in AgI-Ag2O-B2O3-P2O5 glass electrolyte." Materials Science and Engineering: B 263 (January 2021): 114857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114857.

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12

Bhatia, K. L., Partap Singh, Nawal Kishore, and S. K. Malik. "Electronic conduction in MeV energy ion-beam irradiated semiconducting glass Pb20Ge19Se61." Philosophical Magazine B 72, no. 4 (1995): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819508239096.

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13

Hassan, A. K. "Properties of oxychloride glass system in relation to fast ion conduction." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 11, no. 41 (1999): 7995–8004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/11/41/304.

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14

Kulkarni, A. R., H. S. Maiti, and A. Paul. "Glass formation region and lithium ion conduction in the oxyfluorophosphate glasses." Journal of Materials Science 20, no. 5 (1985): 1815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00555288.

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15

Kim, Ji-Su, Wo Dum Jung, Ji-Won Son, et al. "Atomistic Assessments of Lithium-Ion Conduction Behavior in Glass–Ceramic Lithium Thiophosphates." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 1 (2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b17524.

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16

Fu, Jie. "Fast Li+ Ion Conduction in Li2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-P2O2 Glass-Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80, no. 7 (2005): 1901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03070.x.

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17

Zhukov, M. V., S. Yu Lukashenko, I. D. Sapozhnikov, et al. "MULTIMODE SCANNING ION CONDUCTION MICROSCOPE WITH PIEZO-INERTIAL MOVING SYSTEM." NAUCHNOE PRIBOROSTROENIE 32, no. 4 (2022): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18358/np-32-4-i6887.

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A scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) has been developed, operating in several modes: DC mode, current modulation mode, and hopping mode. SICM employs a piezoelectric-inertial movement system. The nanoprobes, in the form of glass nanopipettes with an internal radius of r ~ 50 nm, have been created and tested. The current-voltage characteristics I (V) and current dependences on the distance between the probe and the sample I (z) (approach/withdrawal curves) were measured. Images of a polymeric test object with a periodic structure and a biological object (CHO cell) were obtained, their quality was assessed, and the features of the SICM operation in various modes are discussed. The multimode SICM provides non-destructive, non-contact visualization of soft objects in a liquid conducting medium with nanometer spatial resolution in various measuring modes and can be used in biology, cytology, electrochemistry, and medicine when studying inorganic soft objects, biological objects in buffer media, etc.
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18

Noor, Siti Aminah Mohd, Jiazeng Sun, Douglas R. MacFarlane, Michel Armand, Daniel Gunzelmann, and Maria Forsyth. "Decoupled ion conduction in poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid) homopolymers." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 42 (2014): 17934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03998j.

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A family of novel sulfonate based homopolymers has been prepared by partially replacing sodium cations with different types of ionic liquid ammonium counter-cations, leading to an increased degree of decoupling of the conductivity from the glass transition of the ionomers.
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19

Yamashita, Kimihiro, Toshiya Kakuta, Bungo Sakurai, and Takao Umegaki. "Composition effects on Na+-ion conduction properties and structure of Narpsio glass-ceramics." Solid State Ionics 86-88 (July 1996): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(96)00210-x.

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20

MACHIDA, N., T. SHIGEMATSU, N. NAKANISHI, S. TSUCHIDA, and T. MINAMI. "ChemInform Abstract: Glass Formation and Ion Conduction in the CuCl-Cu2MoO4-Cu3PO4 System." ChemInform 24, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199302288.

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21

Tian, Fuqiang, Jinmei Cao, and Shuting Zhang. "Effect of Temperature on the Charge Transport Behavior of Epoxy/Nano−SiO2/Micro−BN Composite." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (2022): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101617.

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Thermally conductive epoxy resin composites are widely used as electrical equipment insulation and package materials to enhance heat dissipation. It is important to explore the dielectric properties of the composites at high temperatures for the safe operation of the equipment. This paper investigated the charge transport behavior of an epoxy/nano−SiO2/micro−BN composite at varied temperatures by combined analysis of the TSDC (thermally stimulated current), conduction current, complex permittivity and space charge distribution between 40 and 200 °C. The results show that ionic space charge accumulation was significantly suppressed in the composite at high temperatures. The conduction current increased gradually with temperature and manifested a remarkable shift from electron charge transport to ion charge transport near the glass transition temperature (Tg). The real and imaginary permittivity showed an enormous increase above Tg for both the epoxy resin and the composite. The conduction current and permittivity of the composite were remarkably reduced in comparison to the epoxy resin. Therefore, the ionic process dominated the high temperature dielectric properties of the epoxy resin and the composite. The nano–micro fillers in the composite can significantly inhibit ion transport and accumulation, which can significantly enhance the dielectric properties of epoxy resin. Thus, the nano–micro composite has a strong potential application as a package material and insulation material for electronic devices and electrical equipment operated at high temperatures.
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22

FU, J. "ChemInform Abstract: Fast Li+ Ion Conduction in Li2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 Glass-Ceramics." ChemInform 28, no. 42 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199742009.

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23

Samsinger, R. F., M. Letz, J. Schuhmacher, et al. "Fast Ion Conduction of Sintered Glass-Ceramic Lithium Ion Conductors Investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy and Coaxial Reflection Technique." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 14 (2020): 140510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abc0a9.

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24

Mukherjee, M., A. Datta, and D. Chakravorty. "Growth of nanocrystalline PbS within a glass." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 10 (1997): 2507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0330.

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Nanocrystalline PbS has been grown within a phase-separated oxide glass of composition 10 Na2O, 15 PbO, 17 CaO, 3 Bi2O3, and 55 SiO2 (in mole %) by passing H2S gas over it at temperatures varying from 773 to 943 K. The particle size ranged from 2.5 to 12.9 nm. The dc resistivity of composites of nanocrystalline PbS and the phase separated glass has been measured over the temperature range 300 to 670 K. The resistivity variation in the temperature range 550 to 670 K is characterized by the sodium ion migration in the glass with an activation energy, ∼1.2 eV. The resistivity in the range 300 to 500 K was controlled by conduction in PbS particles with the estimated band gap showing an increase with a decrease in the particle size.
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25

Hester, Gavin, Tom Heitmann, Madhusudan Tyagi, Munesh Rathore, Anshuman Dalvi, and Saibal Mitra. "Neutron Scattering Studies of Lithium-Ion Diffusion in Ternary Phosphate Glasses." MRS Advances 1, no. 45 (2016): 3057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.492.

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ABSTRACTWe have studied the diffusion mechanism of lithium ions in glassy oxide-based solid state electrolytes using elastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. Samples of xLi2SO4-(1-x)(Li2O-P2O5) were prepared using conventional melt techniques. Elastic and inelastic scattering measurements were performed using the triple-axis spectrometer (TRIAX) at Missouri University Research Reactor at University of Missouri and High Flux Backscattering Spectrometer (HFBS) at NIST Center for Neutron Research, respectively. These compounds have a base glass compound of P2O5 which is modified with Li2O. Addition of Li2SO4 leads to the modification of the structure and to an increase lithium ion (Li+) conduction. We find that an increase of Li2SO4 in the compounds leads to an increase in the Lorentzian width of the fit for the quasielastic data, which corresponds to an increase in Li+ diffusion until an over-saturation point is reached (&lt; 60% Li2SO4). We find that the hopping mechanism is best described by the vacancy mediated Chudley-Elliot model. A fundamental understanding of the diffusion process for these glassy compounds can help lead to the development of a highly efficient solid electrolyte and improve the viability of clean energy technologies.
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26

Zheng, Ruilin, Xinyu Zhou, Ye Yang, et al. "Effects of heat treatment on Na-ion conductivity and conduction pathways of fluorphosphate glass-ceramics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 471 (September 2017): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.06.010.

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27

Nagarjuna, M., P. Raghava Rao, Y. Gandhi, V. Ravikumar, and N. Veeraiah. "Electrical conduction and other related properties of silver ion doped LiF–V2O5–P2O5 glass system." Physica B: Condensed Matter 405, no. 2 (2010): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.09.084.

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28

Zimmermanns, Ramon, Xianlin Luo, Michael Knapp, Anna-Lena Hansen, Sylvio Indris, and Helmut Ehrenberg. "Local-Structure Analysis of Li Oxy-Sulfide Glass-Ceramic Solid Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012178mtgabs.

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In the global quest to tackle climate change and the promotion of sustainable energy sources, energy storage has become an important aspect and consequently has attracted great research attention. Solid state batteries promise increased energy density and safety in comparison to current commercial Li-ion batteries[1]. Fast ion conducting solid electrolyte materials are an essential part of solid-state batteries. The study of suitable materials and the understanding of the conduction mechanisms is therefore of high importance. Sulfide and thiophosphate glasses have been identified as promising candidates as fast ion conducting materials and great progress has been made since the first studies in 1980[2]. One drawback of these materials is their sensitivity against humidity and instability on exposure to air. Recently, it was demonstrated that the doping of thiophosphate glasses with oxygen has a positive effect on the ion conductivity[2]. Furthermore, an improvement of the chemical and physical stability of these doped glasses could be achieved. The combination of these two effects renders oxygen doping a promising strategy. However, very little is known so far about the local structure of the doped glasses and glass ceramics, yet this information is crucial to enable purposeful development and further improvement of these materials. Hence, we have studied the local structure of oxy-sulfide glasses as well as their structural evolution and crystallization behavior with increasing temperature. Additionally, the influence of the starting materials was evaluated by comparing materials from two different set of starting materials using the same synthesis route. Oxy-sulfide glasses of the composition Li3POxS4-x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2 were synthesized by ball milling appropriate amounts of either Li2O, Li2S and P2S5, or Li3PS4 and Li3PO4. Temperature dependent x-ray powder diffraction and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, supported by Raman spectroscopy and other characterization techniques, was then used to identify crystal phases and structural moieties. Subsequently, impedance measurements were carried out to be able to link microstructure to ionic conductivity. [1] Tan, D.H.S., Banerjee, A., Chen, Z. et al. From nanoscale interface characterization to sustainable energy storage using all-solid-state batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 170–180 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0657-x [2] Martin, S.W. Chapter 14: Glass and Glass-Ceramic Sulfide and Oxy-Sulfide Solid Electrolytes. Handbook of Solid State Batteries, pp. 433-501 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814651905_0014 Figure 1
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29

Wójcik, Natalia A., Nagia S. Tagiara, Doris Möncke, et al. "Mechanism of hopping conduction in Be–Fe–Al–Te–O semiconducting glasses and glass–ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 57, no. 3 (2022): 1633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06834-w.

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AbstractElectrical properties of beryllium-alumino-tellurite glasses and glass–ceramics doped with iron ions were studied using impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity was measured over a wide frequency range from 10 mHz to 1 MHz and the temperature range from 213 to 473 K. The D.C. conductivity values showed a correlation with the Fe-ion concentration and ratio of iron ions on different valence states in the samples. On the basis of Jonscher universal dielectric response the temperature dependence of conductivity parameters were determined and compared to theoretical models collected by Elliott. In glasses, the conduction process was found to be due to the overlap polaron tunneling while in glass–ceramics the quantum mechanical tunneling between semiconducting crystallites of iron oxides is proposed. The D.C. conductivity was found not to follow Arrhenius relation. The Schnakenberg model was used to analyze the conductivity behavior and the polaron hopping energy and disorder energy were estimated. Additionally, the correlation between alumina dissolution and basicity of the melts was observed.
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Gandi, Shyam Sundar, Suman Gandi, Naresh Kumar Katari, et al. "Improvement in fast Na-ion conduction in Na3+xCrxTi2−x(PO4)3 glass–ceramic electrolyte material for Na-ion batteries." Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 17, no. 10 (2020): 2637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13738-020-01960-9.

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31

OKURA, TOSHINORI, KIMIHIRO YAMASHITA, and TAKAO UMEGAKI. "Na+ -ION CONDUCTION PROPERTIES OF GLASS-CERAMIC NARPSIO IN THE Y-Sm MIXED SYSTEM." Phosphorus Research Bulletin 6 (1996): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3363/prb1992.6.0_237.

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32

Chakravorty, D., and A. Shrivastava. "Electrical conduction in glass fibres subjected to a sodium to or from silver ion-exchange treatment." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 19, no. 11 (1986): 2185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/19/11/015.

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33

Kim, Byung-Kook, Ji-Su Kim, Wo Dum Jung, Ji-Won Son, Jong-Ho Lee, and Hyoungchul Kim. "Li-Ion Conduction Behaviors of Glass-Ceramic Lithium Thiophosphates: Empirical Force Fields and Molecular Dynamics Simulations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 2 (2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-012313mtgabs.

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34

Kim, Seong K., Alvin Mao, Sabyasachi Sen, and Sangtae Kim. "Fast Na-Ion Conduction in a Chalcogenide Glass–Ceramic in the Ternary System Na2Se–Ga2Se3–GeSe2." Chemistry of Materials 26, no. 19 (2014): 5695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm502542p.

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35

Rim, Young Hoon, Chang Gyu Baek, and Yong Suk Yang. "Insight into Electrical and Dielectric Relaxation of Doped Tellurite Lithium-Silicate Glasses with Regard to Ionic Charge Carrier Number Density Estimation." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225232.

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We investigate the role of tellurite on a lithium-silicate glass 0.1 TeO2 − 0.9 (Li2O-2SiO2) (LSTO) system proposed for the use in solid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. The measurements of electrical impedance are performed in the frequency 100 Hz–30 MHz and temperature from 50 to 150 °C. The electrical conductivity of LSTO glass increases compared with that of Li2O-2SiO2 (LSO) glass due to an increase in the number of Li+ ions. The ionic hopping and relaxation processes in disordered solids are generally explained using Cole–Cole, power law and modulus representations. The power law conductivity analysis, which is driven by the modified Rayleigh equation, presents the estimation of the number of ionic charge carriers explicitly. The estimation counts for direct contribution of about a 14% increase in direct current conductivity in the case of TeO2 doping. The relaxation process by modulus analysis confirms that the cations are trapped strongly in the potential wells. Both the direct current and alternating current activation energies (0.62–0.67 eV) for conduction in the LSO glass are the same as those in the LSTO glass.
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36

HARI, PARAMESWAR, MICHAL BYRCZEK, DALE TEETERS, and PRAVIN UTEKAR. "INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO NANORODS AND COMPOSITES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 01n02 (2011): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x1100748x.

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ZnO nanorods grown by hydrothermal technique on glass, Zinc, and Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates exhibit both open and closed hexagonal structures. On the nanoscale, closed ZnO nanostructures exhibit two types of ion conduction regions as revealed by AC-impedance spectra collected through the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). One region has higher impedance values (apparent values of approximately 107 ohms) with two semicircles. Two semicircles are indicative of a ZnO structure composed of bulk and grain boundary conduction. Other regions were found to have impedance values that were two orders of magnitude lower (apparent values of 105 ohms). This indicates that these ZnO films have two conduction pathways. The polyethylene oxide ( PEO )– ZnO nanorod composite was made by spin-coating the ZnO rods growing from the ITO substrate with PEO. In the PEO – ZnO composite film, only the AC impedance values of 105 ohms were observed. This is higher than PEO electrolyte without ZnO nanorods. Since regions of higher impedance were not seen in the PEO – ZnO nanorod composites, the polymer electrolyte either dominated the conduction of the system or suppressed the first pathway of higher impedance in the ZnO rods.
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Jeddi, Kazem, Nader Taheri Qazvini, Daniele Cangialosi, and P. Chen. "Correlation Between Segmental Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Lithium Ion Conduction in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Ionic Liquid Mixture." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 52, no. 4 (2012): 590–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2012.725640.

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38

Rim, Young-Hoon, Chang-Gyu Baek, and Yong-Suk Yang. "Characterization of Ionic Transport in Li2O-(Mn:Fe)2O3-P2O5 Glasses for Li Batteries." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 8176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228176.

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We present a systematic study of the lithium-ion transport upon the mixed manganese-iron oxide phosphate glasses 3Li2O-xMn2O3-(2-x)Fe2O3-3P2O5(LMxF2−xPO; ) proposed for the use in a cathode for lithium secondary batteries. The glasses have been fabricated using a solid reaction process. The electrical characteristics of the glass samples have been characterized by electrical impedance in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 30 MHz and temperature from 30 °C to 240 °C. Differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the thermal and structural properties. It has been observed that the dc conductivity decreases, but the activation energies of dc and ac and the glass-forming ability increase with the increasing Mn2O3 content in LMxF2−xPO glasses. The process of the ionic conduction and the relaxation in LMxF2−xPO glasses are determined by using power–law, Cole–Cole, and modulus methods. The Li+ ions migrate via the conduction pathway of the non-bridging oxygen formed by the depolymerization of the mixed iron–manganese–phosphate network structure. The mixed iron–manganese content in the LMxF2−xPO glasses constructs the sites with different depths of the potential well, leading to low ionic conductivity.
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39

Rizzuto, Carmen, Dale C. Teeters, Riccardo C. Barberi, and Marco Castriota. "Plasticizers and Salt Concentrations Effects on Polymer Gel Electrolytes Based on Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) for Electrochemical Applications." Gels 8, no. 6 (2022): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8060363.

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This work describes the electrochemical properties of a type of PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The gel polymer electrolyte systems at a concentration of (20:80) % w/w were prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate), lithium perchlorate LiClO4 and single plasticizer propylene carbonate (PMMA-Li-PC) and a mixture of plasticizers made by propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate in molar ratio 1:1, (PMMA-Li-PC-EC). Different salt concentrations (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M) were studied. The effect of different plasticizers (single and mixed) on the properties of gel polymer electrolytes were considered. The variation of conductivity versus salt concentration, thermal properties using DSC and TGA, anodic stability and FTIR spectroscopy were used in this study. The maximum ionic conductivity of σ = 0.031 S/cm were obtained for PMMA-Li-PC-EC with a salt concentration equal to 1 M. Ion-pairing phenomena and all ion associations were observed between lithium cations, plasticizers and host polymers through FTIR spectroscopy. The anodic stability of the PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes was recorded up to 4 V. The glass temperatures of these electrolytes were estimated. We found they were dependent on the plasticization effect of plasticizers on the polymer chains and the increase of the salt concentration. Unexpectedly, it was determined that an unreacted PMMA monomer was present in the system, which appears to enhance ion conduction. The presence and possibly the addition of a monomer may be a technique for increasing ion conduction in other gel systems that warrants further study.
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40

Du, Xiaoyong, Wen He, Xudong Zhang, et al. "Low temperature biosynthesis of Li2O–MgO–P2O5–TiO2 nanocrystalline glass with mesoporous structure exhibiting fast lithium ion conduction." Materials Science and Engineering: C 33, no. 3 (2013): 1592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.065.

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41

Hayashi, Akitoshi, Keiichi Minami, and Masahiro Tatsumisago. "High lithium ion conduction of sulfide glass-based solid electrolytes and their application to all-solid-state batteries." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 355, no. 37-42 (2009): 1919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.12.020.

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42

Kim, Seong K., Alvin Mao, Sabyasachi Sen, and Sangtae Kim. "ChemInform Abstract: Fast Na-Ion Conduction in a Chalcogenide Glass-Ceramic in the Ternary System Na2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2." ChemInform 45, no. 51 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201451005.

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43

Murtaza, Imran, Muhammad Umair Ali, Hongtao Yu, et al. "Recent Advancements in High-Performance Solid Electrolytes for Li-ion Batteries: Towards a Solid Future." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 4 (2020): 507–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666191230153257.

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With the emergence of non-conventional energy resources and development of energy storage devices, serious efforts on lithium (Li) based rechargeable solid electrolyte batteries (Li- SEBs) are attaining momentum due to their potential as a safe candidate to replace state-of-the-art conventionally existing flammable organic liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, Li-ion conduction in solid electrolytes (SEs) has been one of the major bottlenecks in large scale commercialization of next-generation Li-SEBs. Here, in this review, various challenges in the realization of high-performance Li-SEBs are discussed and recent strategies employed for the development of efficient SEs are reviewed. In addition, special focus is laid on the ionic conductivity enhancement techniques for inorganic (including ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics) and polymersbased SEs. The development of novel fabrication routes with controlled parameters and highperformance temperature optimized SEs with stable electrolyte-electrode interfaces are proposed to realize highly efficient Li-SEBs.
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44

Li, Wen-Hao, Yu-Qing Xie, Hai-Zheng Shi, Peng-Fei Lu, and Jing Ren. "Mechanisms of rare earth ion distribution in fluorosilicate glass containing KMnF<sub>3</sub> nanocrystal." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 8 (2022): 084205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211953.

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Luminescent materials with an efficient single-(pure) color up-conversion luminescence (UCL) are expected to be applied to three-dimensional(3D) display, lighting, biological imaging, promoting plant growth and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this work, perovskite-type KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; fluoride nanocrystals (NCs) are grown in situ in a fluorosilicate glass co-doped with rare earth (RE) ions Yb&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;/Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; by a controlled thermal treatment. Compared with precursor glass (PG), the nano-glass composites (also referred to as glass ceramics, or GC in short) thus obtained exhibit a significantly enhanced (by 6 times) red UCL emission. Although a weak green UCL emission can be also observed in the GC, the intensity ratio of the red UCL emission to green UCL emission is as high as 30, implying a good color purity. It is suggested that the dramatic enhancement of UCL emissions in the GCs is due to the doping of RE ions into the KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; NCs with a much lower phonon energy (330 cm&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;) than that of the silica glass matrix about 1100 cm&lt;sup&gt;v1&lt;/sup&gt;. However, the doping mechanisms of RE ions into KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nano-glass composites are not yet conclusive, mainly because of the charge and ionic radius mismatch between RE ion dopants and cations of KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. This work combines the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis technology and the first principles calculation, to unravel the doping mechanism of RE ions in KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nano-glass composites. First, the HR-TEM study provides straightforward evidence that RE ions are preferentially accumulated in KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; NCs embedded in the glass matrix. Then, through the first-principles calculation considering the charge balance, it is found that the formation energy of RE ions substituting for K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; is lower than for Mn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; lattice sites in KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, which is most likely related to the fact that the ionic radius of the eight-fold coordinated K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; is larger than that of the six-fold coordinated Mn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and thus is more conductive to accommodating the large size RE ions. The electronic densities of states at the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band of KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; increase after doping the &lt;i&gt;RE&lt;/i&gt; ions. It is inferred from the profile of partial density of state that RE ions have a strong bonding tendency with F&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; in the crystal. Benefiting from the efficient energy transfer between RE ions and Mn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; in KMnF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, the green UCL emission is dramatically quenched, and consequently, the GC is endowed with a highly pure red UCL emission. The present study is expected to deepen the understanding of RE ions doping mechanisms in NCs and facilitate the design of highly efficient UCL materials based on nano-glass composites.
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45

Martin, Steve W., Randilynn Christensen, Garrett Olson, John Kieffer, and Weimin Wang. "New Interpretation of Na+-Ion Conduction in and the Structures and Properties of Sodium Borosilicate Mixed Glass Former Glasses." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 10 (2019): 5853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11735.

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46

Zainal, Norazlin, Razali Idris, and Mohamed Nor Sabirin. "Characterization of (ENR-50)-Ionic Liquid Based Electrolyte System." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.424.

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Ionic liquid based on imidazolium cation; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI) has been incorporated with epoxidized natural rubber-50 (ENR-50) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to obtain electrolyte material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed evidence of complexation between ENR-50, EMITFSI and LiTFSI. Glass transition temperature, Tg displayed an increasing trend with increase in salt concentration. The incorporation of EMITFSI resulted in an increase in ionic conductivity. The increase in ionic conductivity was attributed to the role of ionic liquid which reduced Tg, thus, facilitated ion conduction in the system. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature was 5.72 ´ 10-4 S cm-1 for sample containing 20 wt% of EMITFSI and 50 wt% of LiTFSI.
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47

SHEVCHENKO, V. V., M. YA VORTMAN, V. N. LEMESHKO, L. A. GONCHARENKO, and S. M. KOBYLINSKIY. "GUANIDINIIUM-CONTAINING OLIGOMER CATIONIC PROTONIC IONIC LIQUIDS." Polymer journal 44, no. 4 (2022): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.44.04.297.

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By reacting a dian epoxy oligomer with guanidinium hydrochloride, a synthesis method of guanidinium-containing cationic proton oligomeric ionic liquids (OIL) capable of condensation reactions was developed. These compounds are characterized by an amphiphilic structure combining a flexible oligoether or hydroxyl-containing guanidinium oligoether block with terminal hydroxyl-containing guanidinium fragments. These compounds are capable of supramolecular organization due to the self-association of flexible oligoether blocks with terminal hydroxyl-containing guanidinium fragments from the outside of the formed cluster. They are characterized by two glass transition temperatures, which differ significantly in magnitude. The structure formed by the flexible oligoether component is determined by its segmental mobility with the glass transition temperature in the range (70–85 °C), and the terminal guanidinium fragments are responsible for the manifestation of the cohesive nature of the glass transition of the oligomer as a whole with the glass transition temperature in the range (-70)–(-60 °C), which characteristic of classical ionic liquids. The proton conductivity of the synthesized compounds in anhydrous conditions reaches a value of 1,94·10-3 S/cm at 120 °C and is determined not by the absolute value of the introduced protons, but by their specific number in relation to the MW oligomers. The synthesized OIL are of interest as electrolytes with an anhydrous conduction mechanism and starting reagents for the synthesis of ion-containing block copolymers of various functional purposes.
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48

Hara, Akito, Tatsuya Sagawa, Kotaro Kusunoki, and Kuninori Kitahara. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Evaluation of Polycrystalline-Si1-XGex Thin-Film Transistors Grown Laterally on a Glass Substrate Using a Continuous-Wave Laser." ECS Transactions 109, no. 6 (2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10906.0059ecst.

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This study aims to understand the performance of continuous-wave laser lateral crystallization (CLC) poly-Si1-xGex TFTs. The transfer characteristics of n-ch CLC poly-Si1-xGex TFTs revealed that the threshold voltages shifted in the positive direction compared with those of CLC poly-Si TFTs with increasing Ge concentration. The characteristics of CLC n-ch poly-Si1-xGex TFTs can be explained by the formation of acceptors. For p-ch TFTs, the transfer characteristics of CLC poly-Si1-xGex TFTs exhibited a larger Ioff than those of CLC poly-Si TFTs. The Ion/Ioff ratio is small for p-ch parallel CLC poly-Si1-xGex TFTs and is weakly dependent on the gate length. In contrast, p-ch perpendicular CLC poly-Si1-xGex TFTs exhibit large Ion/Ioff values for long gate lengths. The variation in the Ion/Ioff ratio of p-ch CLC poly-Si1-xGex TFTs according to the parallel or perpendicular and long or short gate length is explained by Ge segregation along the grain boundary, resulting in the formation of a high-concentration p-type conduction region along the grain boundary, which connects the SD regions.
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49

Sun, Yi, Jie Lin, LeiLei Li, Kai Jia, Wen Xia, and Chao Deng. "In vitro and in vivo study of magnesium containing bioactive glass nanoparticles modified gelatin scaffolds for bone repair." Biomedical Materials 17, no. 2 (2022): 025018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/ac5949.

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Abstract Magnesium containing bioactive glass nanoparticles modified gelatin scaffolds (MBGNs/Gel scaffolds) have shown recently the potential for bone regeneration due to its good biocompatibility, bioresorbability and bioactivity. Nevertheless, its use is limited by its complicated manufacturing process and a relatively expensive price. In this study, MBGNs were prepared by sol–gel process. The MBGNs/Gel was synthesized by a simple immersion method. SEM, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the particles had spherical morphology with mean particle size of 100 nm. The MBGNs/Gel scaffolds were observed by SEM. The scaffolds showed connected pore structure with pore size ranging from 100 to 300 μm. SEM images with high magnification showed the existence of MBGNs on the surface of micro-pores. The ion release results revealed the release of Mg, Ca and Si elements from the MBGNs. MTT assay and cytotoxicity studies indicated that, the scaffolds provide a suitable ion related micro-environment for cell attachment and spreading. The Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) results showed the scaffolds could promote the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1. The in vivo study also showed higher amount of new bone and trabecular bone which indicated excellent bone induction and conduction property of modified scaffolds. So, the developed MBGNs/Gel scaffolds are a potential candidate for bone regeneration applications.
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50

Ford, Hunter, Brian Chaloux, Joel Miller, et al. "Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposited Anion-Conducting Solid-State Polymeric Electrolytes for All Solid-State Batteries: Impacts of Deposition Conditions and Polymer Composition on Performance Metrics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02187mtgabs.

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Achieving both high energy and power density, two traditionally opposed battery metrics, requires moving away from the 200+ years-old 2D layered battery configuration to a three-dimensional all solid-state battery (3D SSB) configuration. The enhanced power and energy benefits bestowed by a 3D SSB design have been demonstrated in the Li-ion 3D SSB literature.1 However, due to limitations in thermal and electronic conductivity of Li-Ion active materials, 3D Li-ion SSBs are limited to microscale dimensions. A potential means around this limitation is to switch to conductive metal electrodes such as Zn and Ag, for which 3D architectures have been demonstrated.2 In such a case, the remaining roadblock to a macroscale 3D SSB is the submicron-thick solid-state electrolyte, which requires a non-line-of-sight deposition method for incorporation into the complex 3D base electrode. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a non–line-of-sight method that is ideal for generating conformal polymer coatings on complex 3D architectures. We focus on polymers amenable to iCVD protocols that can be modified post-deposition to introduce anion conduction pathways that can facilitate Ag and Zn redox. Submicron-thick coatings of poly-dimethylaminomethylstyrene (pDMAMS) that are pinhole-free and electronically insulating on both 2D planar and complex 3D electrode architectures are prepared via iCVD. The pDMAMS coatings are rendered anion-conducting through a vapor-phase methylation process and subsequent ion exchange to yield desirable anion species (e.g., OH–, Br–, or HCO3 –). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ATR-IR spectroscopy, and solid-state magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy confirm the structure of the pDMAMS film before and after quaternization, while atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry with redox probes confirm conformality and absence of pinholes in the submicron film. With the use of cyclic voltammetry and AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the electronic and ionic conductivities of the polymer films are measured before and after quaternization. Molecular dynamics simulations of pDMAMS as a function of anion and H2O content in the film are used to generate computational results (e.g., glass-transition temperature Tg, anion conductivity) for comparison to experimental results. 1. Long, J.W.; Dunn, B.; Rolison, D.R.; White, H.S. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 10, 4463–4492. 2. Parker, J.F.; Chervin, C.N.; Nelson, E.S.; Rolison, D.R.; Long, J.W. Energy Environ Sci. 2014, 7, 1117-1124.
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