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1
Masroor, Waliullah. "Coping with salinity and temperature changes : a focus on the gill response in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG008/document.
Abstract:
Le loup ou bar européen effectue une partie de son cycle de vie dans les lagunes et estuaires, des eaux de transitions caractérisées par des fluctuations environnementales plus marquées qu’en milieu marin. Les mécanismes d’acclimatation à la salinité à des températures plus élevées qu’en milieu marin sont encore relativement inexplorés. Dans cette étude, des juvéniles de loup ont été préacclimatés pendant deux semaines à l’eau de mer (EM) à 18 °C (eau tempérée) ou à 24 °C (eau chaude) puis transférés soit dans l’eau douce (ED) soit dans l’EM aux deux températures testées. À 24 °C, les loups parviennent à maintenir leur pression osmotique sanguine relativement constante, quelle que soit la salinité testée. En revanche, la hausse de température affecte significativement différents traits physiologiques liés à l’osmorégulation, la régulation acido- basique, l’excrétion azotée et la production de mucus. Cette étude a notamment montré qu’une acclimatation thermique à 24 °C modifie la structure morphologique de la branchie et induit un déséquilibre de la balance ionique sanguine. Ce déséquilibre concerne particulièrement les ions Na+ et a pour conséquence une diminution du ratio Na+/Cl- plasmatique, pouvant être symptomatique d’une acidose sanguine. Après transfert en douce, une augmentation moins importante de la densité des ionocytes branchiaux et de l’activité de la pompe Na+/K+ ATPase a été observée à 24 °C comparé à 18 °C. De plus, certains transporteurs ioniques jouant un rôle clé dans l’absorption ionique en eau douce n’ont pas été induits au niveau transcriptionnel à 24 °C. Cela suggère une capacité réduite des poissons de passer d’un épithélium branchial hypo-osmorégulateur vers un épithélium hyper-osmorégulateur lors d’un transfert en eau douce à 24 °C vs 18 °C. Au niveau moléculaire, la hausse de température a affecté l’expression de plusieurs transporteurs ioniques branchiaux, notamment en EM. À 24 °C, la surexpression de transporteurs liés au transport de proton H+ pourrait être le signe d’un déséquilibre acido- basique. De plus, l’induction de transporteurs d’ammonium pourrait indiquer un besoin accru d’excréter de l’azote par voie branchiale, potentiellement lié à un métabolisme plus élevé en eau chaude. L’expression des gènes codant pour la protéine chaperonne HSP90 a été fortement affectée par la hausse de température et dans une moindre mesure par la dessalure. Pour finir, l’analyse des mucocytes suggère que la production de mucus pourrait être induite en réponse au stress thermique. Ce type d’étude fonctionnelle sur l’acclimatation à différents régimes de température permet d’apporter des éléments de compréhension pour pouvoir prédire les réponses des téléostéens face aux conséquences du changement globalThe European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax undertakes seasonal migrations to estuaries and lagoons that are characterized by fluctuations in environmental conditions. It is unclear to what extent salinity acclimation mechanisms are affected at temperatures higher than in the sea, as usually encountered in transitional waters in spring and summer. In this study, juvenile sea bass were pre-acclimated to seawater (SW) at 18 °C (temperate) or 24 °C (warm) for two weeks and then transferred to either fresh water (FW) or SW at the considered temperatures. We have shown that sea bass are able to efficiently maintain blood osmolality at 24 °C at both salinities. However, temperature increase induced significant changes regarding several physiological traits related to osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, ammonia excretion and mucus production. This study showed that thermal acclimation at 24 °C affects gill morphology through gill remodeling and whole-organism ion balance. Plasma Na+ levels seemed to be particularly affected leading to decreased plasma Na+/Cl- ratio in warm conditions, suggesting a blood acidosis. Following FW transfer, the major effects observed were a lower increase in the density of branchial ionocytes and in Na+/K+-ATPase activity at 24 °C compared to 18 °C. Moreover, several key ion transporters involved in ion uptake were not transcriptionally induced following FW transfer at 24 °C. These data suggest a less effective capacity to switch from hypo-to hyper-osmoregulation after FW transfer when fish are exposed to higher temperature. At the molecular level, the temperature increase affected the expression of several branchial transporters, notably in SW. At 24 °C, higher expression of transporters linked to H+ transport might be linked to an acid-base imbalance. Moreover, the induction of ammonia-transporting channels might also indicate increased need for nitrogen excretion, potentially due to enhanced metabolism in warm conditions. Molecular chaperones HSP90 expression was strongly affected by temperature increase and to a lesser extent by salinity decrease. Finally, gill goblet cells analysis suggested that mucus production is increased in response to thermal stress. This study and additional functional studies investigating different temperature regimes provide insights on the effect of increased temperatures on fish responses and may help to predict how teleost will face the consequences of global change
2
Kaliszczak, Magdalena. "Polarisation chimique de l'interface liquide-liquide vers une cocristallisation contrôlée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0332.
Abstract:
La formation contrôlée de cocristaux est un objectif important dans le developpement de médicaments. Ce travail a utilisé l'électrochimie à l'interface entre deux liquides non miscibles (ITIES) pour contrôler la formation de cocristaux. Dans la première partie, le comportement électrochimique de la caféine a été étudié au moyen de la voltampérométrie cyclique (CV) et de la voltampérométrie à courant alternatif (ACV). La caféine est un cation hydrophile donc, elle a été transférée à un potentiel hautement positif. Le transfert de la caféine (CaffH+) a été vérifié à différents pH et le pH 2 a été choisi comme étant le plus optimal pour la formation de cocristaux. L'expérience de contrôle a prouvé que le 1-hydroxy-2-naphtoïque (1H2N) ne transfére pas à l'ITIES. L'ACV a fourni des informations sur l'influence de la composition de la phase aqueuse et organique. Les valeurs ont changé lorsque CaffH+ seul, 1H2N seul et 1H2N et CaffH+ étaient présents dans la phase aqueuse. Ces résultats suggèrent que ces deux molécules sont actives au niveau interfacial. Dans la deuxième partie, la cocristallisation de Caff et 1H2N a été étudiée à l'ITIES sous polarisation chimique. L'interface a été polarisée par l'ajout d'anions hydrophobes à la phase organique. De cette façon, une cocristallisation sélective a été obtenue, comme vérifié par la diffraction des rayons X et la spectroscopie Raman. Des potentiels interfaciaux positifs ont favorisé la formation d'une forme polymorphe de cocristal de Caff : 1H2N et un potentiel négatif a inhibé la cocristallisation à l'interface liquide-liquide. Cette approche du contrôle électrochimique de la cocristallisation ouvre de nouvelles possibilités pour le développement de médicaments. Dans la troisième partie, la mesure simultanée des variations de potentiel (∆E) et de courant (I) aux ITIES, qui ont été polarisées en utilisant des cations tétraalkylammonium comme ion commun a été rapportée. Divers rapports de concentration de tétraméthyl-, tétraéthyl- et tétrapropylammonium ont été dissous dans les deux phases. Ces systèmes biphasiques ont ensuite été utilisés pour vérifier que la différence de potentiel interfacial mesurée correspondait aux calculs théoriques. Ce dispositif expérimental a ensuite été utilisé pour étudier le processus de cocristallisation interfaciale de CaffH+ hydrophile et cationique avec 1H2N lipophile. La présence de caféine dans la phase aqueuse a conduit à des valeurs de courant plus élevées, causées par le transfert de charge interfacial. De telles variations de courant ont été observées aussi bien en l'absence qu'en présence de 1H2N dans la phase organique. L'analyse du bruit du courant électrochimique a montré une nette différence entre les cellules dans lesquelles les cocristaux sont formés et celles dans lesquelles la cocristallisation est entravée, soit par un potentiel négatif, soit par un changement de pH. La méthode ECN est un outil puissant pour suivre les changements qui se produisent aux ITIES dans les expériences sur les ions communs par la mesure simultanée du potentiel et du courant. Dans la dernière partie, des cocristaux ont été formés sur les ITIES selon les conditions choisies par la méthode des plans d'expériences (DoE). Différents facteurs ont été testés : électrolytes en phase aqueuse, divers solvants et sels appliquant un potentiel positif. L'analyse XRD a montré les conditions permettant d'obtenir une phase I et une phase II presque pures. L'étude des ∆E et I simultanés et de la tension interfaciale a prouvé que le potentiel appliqué influence la cinétique du processus de cocristallisation. La méthode DoE a indiqué que le sel organique est le facteur ayant un impact actif sur la cocristallisation aux ITIESControlled formation of cocrystals is an important objective in drug development. This work used the electrochemistry at interface between two immiscible liquids (ITIES) to control the formation of cocrystals. In the first part, the electrochemical behaviour of caffeine was investigated by the means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and alternating current voltammetry (ACV). The caffeine is the hydrophilic cation thus, it transferred at highly positive potential. Transfer of caffeine (Caff) was verified at various pH and the pH 2 was chosen to be the most optimal for the cocrystals formation. The control experiment proved that 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic (1H2N) did not transfer at ITIES. ACV provided the information about the influence of the aqueous and organic phase composition. Values have changed when CaffH+ alone, 1H2N alone and both 1H2N and CaffH+ were present in the aqueous phase. These suggest that these two molecules are interfacially active. In the third part the simultaneous measurement of potential (∆E) and current (I) variations at the ITIES, which were polarised using tetraalkylammonium cations as a common ion was reported. Various concentration ratios of tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, and tetrapropylammonium were dissolved in both phases. Such biphasic systems were then used to verify that the interfacial potential difference measured fit the theoretical calculations. This experimental set-up was next used to probe the interfacial cocrystallisation process of hydrophilic and cationic CaffH+ with lipophilic 1H2N. The presence of caffeine in the aqueous phase led to higher current values, caused by interfacial charge transfer. Analysis of the electrochemical current noise showed a clear difference between cells in which cocrystals are formed and those in which cocrystallisation is hindered, either by a negative potential or by a change in pH. The EN method is a powerful tool to follow the changes occurring at ITIES in common ion experiments by simultaneous measurement of potential and current. In the last part, cocrystals were formed on the ITIES according to the conditions chosen by the design of experiments (DoE) method. Various factors were tested: electrolytes in the aqueous phase, various solvents and salts applying positive potential. The XRD analysis showed the conditions to obtain almost pure Phase I and almost pure phase II. Study of simultaneous ∆E and I and the interfacial tension proved that the applied potential influences the kinetics of the cocrystallization process. DoE method indicated organic salt as the factor having an active impact on cocrystallization at ITIES
3
Gueye-Follet, Marie-Laure. "Relations ioniques dans l'activité cambiale et la xylogénèse : approche par microscopie ionique analytique." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES050.
Abstract:
Ce mémoire présente une approche par Microscopie Ionique Analytique (MIA) des relations ioniques dans l'activité cambiale et la xylogénèse chez deux modèles expérimentaux : le pin sylvestre (pinus sylvestris L. ) Et le hêtre (fagus sylvatica L. ). Ce travail comporte des mises au point méthodologiques concernant la préparation des échantillons ligneux et les conditions instrumentales de l'analyse en MIA. Nous avons mis au point une nouvelle méthode de préparation des échantillons végétaux, la fixation - déshydratation en phase vapeur, qui assure une bonne conservation des ultrastructures cellulaires et une bonne rétention des éléments diffusibles, comparativement à la technique de préparation par précipitation au pyroantimoniate. Les conditions de mise en oeuvre de l'analyseur ionique ont été spécifiquement établies sur notre matériel biologique et ont permis d'effectuer des analyses semi-quantitatives des distributions ioniques à l'échelle tissulaire et cellulaire. Les distributions saisonnières de Ca et de Na dans le tissu cambial et les tissus conducteurs voisins ont été étudiées sur des rameaux de hêtre et de pin sylvestre. La valeur du rapport de concentration Ca/Na est fortement corrélée à l'âge des organes caulinaires, un rapport Ca/Na élevé caractérisant les tissus des organes matures à activité cambiale intense, un rapport Ca/Na faible les tissu des organes jeunes à activité cambiale modérée. Nous avons montré qu'une augmentation temporaire du calcium dans le cambium et le liber est impliquée dans les processus conduisant à la reprise de l'activité cambiale chez le hêtre. La distribution de Ca, Na, Mg et K a été explorée lors des processus de maturation pariétale secondaire chez des plantules de hêtre se développant sur des milieux minéraux de composition variés. Lors d'une culture sur un milieu normal, les résultats obtenus par MIA ont montré que les cellules à épaississements pariétaux secondaires présentaient des teneurs en calcium beaucoup plus faibles que celles observées dans les cellules ne présentant que des parois primaires. Par contre, les teneurs en calcium dans les structures pariétales secondaires sont augmentées lorsque l'on fait varier les concentrations en sodium dans le milieu de culture (privation ou apport de Na). Dans le cas d'un apport de NaCl de 20 mM, les dépôts secondaires au niveau des parois des cellules du xylème secondaire et des fibres libériennes, sont absents. De plus, nous avons enregistré des augmentations importantes des teneurs en sodium, mais aussi en potassium, magnésium et calcium dans ces cellules où les dépôts pariétaux secondaires se seraient normalement formés. Bien que l'implication du calcium dans les processus de différenciation pariétale soit déjà connue, cette approche par MIA révèle une étroite interdépendance entre le calcium et les autres cations majeurs (sodium, potassium et magnésium) dans ces processus. L'ensemble de ces ions fait partie d'un système intégré, dans lequel des modifications d'un composant perturbe l'intervention des autres dans les mécanismes physiologiques étudiés.
4
Dey, Rabindra. "Studies on the ion-solvent interactions of tetraalkylammonium and common ions in tetrahydrofuran and its binary mixtures." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/773.
5
Roy, Mahendra Nath. "Studies on the ion-solvent interactions of some tetraalkylammonium and common ions in non-aqueous and mixed solvents." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/740.
6
Das, Bijan. "Physico - chemical investigations on the ion-solvent interactions of some Tetraalkylammonium and common ions in non-aqueous and mixed binary aqueous solvent systems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/719.
7
Davey, Cara-Lee. "Development of an Ion Chromatography Method for the Analysis of Nitric Acid Oxidation Reactions of Common Sugars." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2407.
Abstract:
The large scale nitric acid oxidation of common sugars into their corresponding aldaric acids is being investigated as an important source of potentially useful components for industrial applications such as polymers. This thesis details the development of an Ion Chromatography (IC) method for the analysis of these oxidation mixtures and related samples from the work-up and purification processes. The method was developed for use with a Dionex ICS2000 IC system equipped with an AS11-HC column and utilising suppressed conductivity detection. IC proved to be a useful, versatile and straightforward method of studying the reactions and their products. The detected ions include but are not restricted to the anionic salt forms of: D-Glucaric acid, Xylaric acid, Mannaric acid, D-gluconic acid and both keto forms of the same, D-xylonic acid, D-mannonic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and tartronic acid. Nitrate from the nitric acid used in the oxidation is often observed. The results compare favorably to GC-MS and HPLC analysis of similar samples. An overview of the theory and operation of the instrument along with the method development and results from application to the oxidation mixtures and related samples are presented. As part of the investigation into the range of utility of IC for studying these reactions, a study was made of the retention behaviour of a large number of simple and low molecular weight (LMW) carboxylic acids eluted by the ion chromatography system in use. The results of this study are included with an explanation of the major factors affecting anion retention on the column
8
Freixas, Jérémy. "Microbatteries 3D zinc-air ou comment repousser les limites des technologies lithium-ion." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4014/document.
Abstract:
Ces travaux de thèse se sont focalisés sur la miniaturisation d'une batterie zinc-air, dispositif qui présente l'avantage d'avoir une densité d'énergie massique et volumique théorique supérieure à celle de la technologie lithium-ion, majoritairement étudiée dans la littérature. Le micro-usinage d'un substrat de silicium permet de définir le squelette d'électrodes à forte surface spécifique : le gain géométrique des structures 3D se répercute alors sur les performances de stockage des charges des électrodes de la microbatterie. Différentes géométries de microstructures 3D ont été étudiées : à titre d'exemple, des tubes de taille micrométrique (4,2μm de diamètre), profonds de 109μm (rapport d'aspect de 60: 1) permettent d'obtenir un rapport entre la surface spécifique et l'empreinte surfacique de 70. Ce squelette est ensuite recouvert de matériaux actifs à l'aide de procédés de dépôts conformes. Cette démarche a permis la mise au point d'une électrode métallique 3D en zinc (couche mince de 300nm) présentant une capacité spécifique de 1mAh.cm-2 en milieu aqueux (hydroxyde de potassium 0,7M). La tension de la cellule est de 1,2V. Pour la première fois, une électrode à air miniaturisée a été fabriquée, basée sur la création d'un réseau de micro-canaux poreux sur la face avant du substrat silicium, et la gravure d'une cavité sur la face arrière. Dès lors que le silicium est usiné, un dépôt de platine permet d'assurer le caractère conducteur de l'électrode tandis qu'un dépôt de dioxyde de manganèse lui apporte des propriétés catalytiques. Ce concept original d'électrode à air 30 présente un fonctionnement similaire à une électrode commerciale, malgré une taille bien plus réduiteThe studies presented in the frame of this thesis are focused on zinc-air battery miniaturization, an electrochemical energy storage system that shows a higher volumetric and gravimetric energy density than the lithium-ion technology, mostly investigated in literature. The micromachining of a silicon substrate allows designing a high specific surface scaffold: 3D geometrical gain enhances the properties of charge storage for the electrodes of the microbattery. 3D microstructures exhibiting various geometrical designs have been studied: for instance, silicon micro-tubes (4,2μm outer diameter) 109 μm-depth (60:1 aspect ratio) provide a specific surface to the footprint ratio close to 70. Then, this scaffold is coated by the active materials using conformal depositions methods. This process leads to a 3D zinc metallic anode (300nm-thick) exhibiting a surface capacity of 1mAh.cm-2 in aqueous electrolyte (potassium hydroxide 0,7M). Cell voltage is 1,2V. For the first time in literature, a miniaturized air electrode has been manufactured, based on a porous microchannel network on the front side of silicon substrate, and the etching of a cavity on the back side. Once silicon wafer is micromachined, a platinum conformal thin film provides the conductive properties to the electrode while a manganese dioxide layer enhances the catalytic activity. This original concept of 3D air electrode presents a behavior similarly to a commercial one, but with a significant reduced size
9
Ehling-Schulz, Monika. "Physiological and protein-biochemical analysis of UV-A and UV-B tolerance of the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960206582.
10
Rudolph, Wolfram W., and Gert Irmer. "Hydration and ion pair formation in common aqueous La(III) salt solutions: a Raman scattering and DFT study." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36118.
Abstract:
Raman spectra of aqueous lanthanum perchlorate, triflate (trifluorosulfonate), chloride and nitrate solutions were measured over a broad concentration (0.121–3.050 mol Lˉ¹) range at room temperature (23 °C). A very weak mode at 343 cmˉ¹ with a full width at half height at 49 cmˉ¹ in the isotropic spectrum suggests that the nona-aqua La(III) ion is thermodynamically stable in dilute perchlorate solutions (∼0.2 mol Lˉ¹) while in concentrated perchlorate solutions outer-sphere ion pairs and contact ion pairs are formed. The La³⁺ nona-hydrate was also detected in a 1.2 mol Lˉ¹ La(CF₃SO₃)₃(aq). In lanthanum chloride solutions chloro-complex formation was detected over the measured concentration range from 0.5–3.050 mol Lˉ¹. The chloro-complexes in LaCl₃(aq) are fairly weak and disappear with dilution. At a concentration <0.1 mol Lˉ¹ almost all complexes disappeared. In LaCl₃ solutions, with additional HCl, a series of chloro-complexes of the type [La(OH₂)₉₋nCln]⁺³⁻ⁿ (n = 1–3) were formed. The La(NO₃)₃(aq) spectra were compared with a spectrum of a 0.409 mol Lˉ¹ NaNO₃(aq) and it was concluded that in La(NO₃)₃(aq) over the concentration range from 0.121–1.844 mol Lˉ¹, nitrato-complexes, [La(OH₂)₉₋n-(NO₃)n]⁺³⁻ⁿ (n = 1, 2) were formed. These nitrato-complexes are quite weak and disappear with dilution <0.01 mol Lˉ¹. DFT geometry optimizations and frequency calculations are reported for a lanthanumnona-hydrate with a polarizable dielectric continuum in order to take the solvent into account. The bond distances and angles for the cluster geometry of [La(OH₂)₉]³⁺ with the polarizable dielectric continuum are in good agreement with data from recent structural experimental measurements and high quality simulations. The DFT frequency of the La–O stretching mode at 328.2 cmˉ¹, is only slightly smaller than the experimental one.
11
Kirmess, Kristopher Michael. "Investigation of Primary Ion Formation Mechanisms in UV-MALDI-MS Using Excited State Dynamics of Common MALDI Matrices." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1110.
Abstract:
The motivation of this dissertation is to provide insight towards primary ionization mechanisms within MALDI mass spectrometry. Albeit MALDI-MS is an extensively used analytical technique, the mechanism in which primary ions are created is still under scrutiny. Two current models of primary ionization exist which claim to elucidate the ion formation mechanisms within MALDI. In this work, excited state dynamics of MALDI matrices are shown to play an important role in the ionization mechanism. Upon inspection of the thermodynamic properties of commonly used MALDI matrices, no correlation was observed when plotted against their respective analyte ion yields. However, the excited state singlet lifetimes of these matrices seem to correlate well with their respective analyte ion yields. In the broadest sense, this correlation further supports the fact that photophysical properties of the matrix should be included in current UV-MALDI models. Investigation of a claim which stated singlet energy pooling reactions were absent in the MALDI matrix 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) resulted in the discovery of a new energy pooling mechanisms. Characteristic of aromatic ketones such as THAP, intersystem crossing is an efficient process in solution, which gives way to fluorescence in the solid state. Triplet pooling mechanisms from two neighboring THAP molecules are proposed and appear to be dependent on the preparation solvent used. These triplet pooling reactions are thought to play an important role in the primary ion formation mechanism within MALDI. To further investigate the theory of triplet species playing a vital role in MALDI ionization, the internal heavy-atom effect was employed to determine the effect of the triplet species. MALDI mass spectra and excited state decays of these heavy-atom substituted matrices were collected to demonstrate the relationship between triplet species and analyte ionization efficiency. Gas-phase thermodynamics and absorption at 337 nm were also examined to determine if these properties affected the analyte ion signal observed in the MALDI mass spectrum. Using the information collected from the previous study, an advanced MALDI matrix is synthesized. Addition of covalently bound iodine to the gold standard matrix, α-cyano-hydroxycinnamic acid, should drastically improve the performance of the non-substituted matrix due to the increase in triplet species present for pooling reactions. Sample preparation methods in MALDI are examined as are the effects of crystal morphology on the overall signal observed in the mass spectrum. Exciton hopping and pooling rates are highly dependent on intermolecular interactions, so it is expected that crystal packing will affect MALDI. As noted for THAP, preparation solvent plays a significant role in not only crystal morphology, but also the excited state dynamics for all matrices studied.
12
Albury, Cassie Louise. "Using whole exome sequencing and genetic association studies to investigate common and complex migraine." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122954/1/Cassie_Albury_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This dissertation focused on expanding the knowledge and understanding of common and complex migraine genetics. The central objectives of this research was to 1) identify new migraine causative genes using modern sequencing techniques and; 2) investigate potential genetic associations between common and complex migraine. This study has successfully identified 1) a susceptibility association between a potential familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) gene and common migraine and; 2) implicated 4 new genes as potentially FHM causative. As a result of this study we foresee the development of a more comprehensive genetic test with improved diagnostic success rates.
13
Öing, Heinz. "Entwicklung eines neuen dieselmotorischen Injektorkonzeptes für zukünftige Emissionsgrenzwerte." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960295925.
14
Busch, Roger. "Untersuchung von Kavitationsphänomenen in Dieseleinspritzdüsen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962066672.
15
Ofner, Bernd. "Dieselmotorische Kraftstoffzerstäubung und Gemischbildung mit Common-Rail-Einspritzsystemen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963990381.
16
Eisen, Sven-Michael. "Visualisierung der dieselmotorischen Verbrennung in einer schnellen Kompressionsmaschine." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969361564.
17
Potgieter, JH, SS Potgieter, CA Strydom, and O. Gheevarhese. "The influence of various common ions on the slaking of some South African limes." Water SA, 2003. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000887.
Abstract:
The rate of transformation from CaO to Ca(OH)2 during the slaking process is influenced by a number of factors. In this
investigation the effects of common ions normally encountered in the slaking water were investigated. It was found that chloride
and nitrate ions enhanced the slaking rate, while carbonate, sulphate and phosphate ions retarded the hydration of various limes
used in the investigation. The increases and decreases in the degree of hydration correlate with the solubilities of the anions forming
more soluble compounds than Ca(OH)2, as well as the solubility constants of the anions that formed less soluble compounds than
the hydrated lime. The geological origin of the lime also influenced the slaking of the limes.
18
Naumann, Tino. "Wissensbasierte Optimierungsstrategien für elektronische Steuergeräte an Common-Rail-Dieselmotoren." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965199878.
19
Nothnagel, Michael. "The definition of multilocus haplotype blocks and common diseases." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973611448.
20
Koch, Oliver. "Common genetic variants of the IFN-γ and IFNGR1 regions : disease associations and functional properties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30fc15ae-13e5-4150-8093-2582334e75c0.
Abstract:
There is growing evidence that susceptibility to many inflammatory and infectious diseases may be influenced by our genetic make up. Genetic variants in important immune genes may partially explain variation in susceptibility to common diseases. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is one of the central mediators of the innate and adaptive immunity and has been implicated in a wide range of infectious and inflammatory disease processes. Severe disruptive mutations in coding regions of the IFN-γ receptor 1 gene (IFNGR1) have been found to be associated with fatal but very rare mycobacterial infections. This study looked at common polymorphisms in potentially regulatory non-coding regions of the IFNγ gene and the IFNGR1 gene and investigated their association with susceptibility to severe malaria, a disease for which there have been indications of a genetic component to susceptibility. Malaria is one of the major causes of childhood deaths in Africa. IFNγ and its receptor have been shown to be critically involved in the host response to the malaria parasites. The promoter regions of IFNGR1 and its neighbouring genes, located on chromosome 6q23, and IFNγ and its neighbours, on chromosome 12ql4, were screened for polymorphisms. Haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium maps were constructed, signatures of natural selection were investigated, haplotype tagging SNPs were dentified, and association with disease was analysed. One of these preliminary results was a putative association between the IFNGRl-470ddel allele and susceptibility to severe malaria in the Mandinka ethnic group. This allele was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with markers which are a considerable distance away which might represent a signature of natural selection. To assess the potential functional significance of the IFNGR1-47Q polymorphism, its effects on DNA-protein interactions and gene expression was investigated further in various cell lines. Evidence of tissue-specific nuclear protein binding to this site which seems to be involved in transcriptional regulation was observed.
21
Tesrif, Moulay Mustapha. "La šu'ubiyya et la recherche d'un passé mythique commun dans l'adab du IIIe/IXe siècle : exemples d'al-Gahiz et d'Ibn Qutayba." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2138.
Abstract:
Cette thèse se propose de montrer, à partir d’exemples concrets de textes anti-Šu‘ūbiyya tirés des œuvres d’al-Ğāḥiẓ (m. 255/869) et d’Ibn Qutayba (m. 276/889), la prégnance de la période préislamique sur l’adab du IIIe/IXe siècle. La méthode retenue est la confrontation critique notamment de la version numérisée de ces textes. Cette approche permet d’alimenter l’hypothèse d’une représentation magnifiée de l’Arabie préislamique : une image qui a fondé une part non négligeable des symboles identitaires de la culture arabo-musulmane, nourrie d’un passé mythique dans lequel peuvent se retrouver tous les musulmans sans préjuger de leurs ascendances.En effet, entendant par « mythe » les récits des origines qui cherchent à expliquer des données de la réalité en les inscrivant dans une dimension transcendée et surnaturelle, le symbolisme de l’adab situe l’essence des valeurs qu’il défend dans l’héritage des anciens Arabes. Cherchant à expliquer le monde, les udabā’ feront de la ğāhiliyya la source des vertus et le berceau de la langue arabe la plus pure. Inventant de nouvelles généalogies « fédératrices », ils s’attacheront à mettre en avant la maîtrise des traditions arabes préislamiques. Ainsi, nos deux auteurs situent la naissance de la civilisation arabo-musulmane dans des récits hors du temps et en rupture avec le présent. Les musulmans non-arabes peuvent donc ne plus se réclamer de leurs passé « réaliste » et prendre plutôt racine dans un passé qui favorise une culture commune inscrite dans un temps autre que le temps historique. Nos auteurs inventent une manière de culture vierge qui, seule, peut permettre à leurs yeux le commencement absolu. Par conséquent, les référents à la supériorité devraient être bouleversés par « l’effet anti-Šu‘ūbiyya » puisque l’origine ethnique ou la réalité historique ne sont plus le seul sens de l’existenceBased on concrete examples from anti-Šu‘ūbiyya texts pulled from works of al-Ğāḥiẓ (d. 255/869) and Ibn Qutayba (d. 276/889), this thesis aims to demonstrate the pre eminence of the pre-Islamic period on the adab of the IIIe/IXe century. From a methodology which consists in a critical confrontation between these texts (especially the digitalized version of the texts), our point is to fuel the hypothesis of an adorned representation of pre-Islamic Arabia : This image produced a very important part of identical symbols of the Arab-Muslim culture, based on a mythical past in which all the Muslims without prejudice to their ancestries can find themselves."Myth" meaning the narratives of the origins created to explain data of the reality by registering them in a transcent and supernatural dimension, the symbolism of the adab places the essence of the values it is based on in the inheritance of the former Arabs. Trying to explain the world, the udabā’ made of the ğāhiliyya the source of the virtues and the cradle of the purest Arabic language. They devised new common genealogies to put forward the knowledge of the pre-Islamic Arabic traditions. Our two authors stand out the birth of the Arab-Muslim civilization in timeless narratives and in breach with the present time. Thus the non-Arabic Muslims can not refer anymore to their "historical" past and to take rather roots in a past which supports a common culture registered in a not historical time. Only this kind of blank culture, invented by our two authors, could allow the absolute beginning. Consequently, the markers of the supposed superiority could be shaken by the "anti-Šu‘ūbiyya effect" since the ethnical origin or the historical reality are not the only sense of the existence anymore
22
Faucher, Karine. "Le système latéral du bar, Dicentrarchus labrax, et les conséquences d'un dysfonctionnement sur son comportement : action potentielle des ions métalliques." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS124.
Abstract:
Le système latéral est un organe sensoriel présent chez les amphibiens aquatiques et les poissons. Il est utilisé par les poissons pour l'identification et la localisation d'obstacles, la détection des objets en mouvement (proies, prédateurs), la détection des vibrations générées par les ondes sonores, la communication intraspécifique (nage en banc, parade sexuelle) et la rhéotaxie. L'intégrité morphologique et fonctionnelle de ce système sensoriel apparaît donc comme un élément indispensable à la présence et à la survie d'un poisson dans un écosystème. Or, de part sa localisation à l'interface entre l'animal et le milieu, et le fait qu'il fonctionne via des flux d'ions, cet organe sensoriel exposé directement et en permanence au milieu ambiant pourrait être la cible d'une pollution d'origine naturelle ou anthropique. Le but de cette étude était d'examiner l'impact d'une pollution métallique (et en particulier, de l'ion cadmium) du milieu sur l'état tissulaire et fonctionnel du système latéral du bar, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ), puis d'observer les conséquences comportementales induites sur des groupes d'individus évoluant dans des conditions contrôlées de laboratoire. Une étude préliminaire des caractéristiques morphologiques et de la distribution spatiale des deux types de neuromastes composant le système latéral du bar a été réalisée à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage. Comme ce qui a été généralement observé chez les téléostéens, le bar possède deux types de neuromastes (superficiels et canaux) répartis sur la tête, le tronc et la queue. Le gradient décroissant de capacité sensorielle, mis en évidence de l'extrémité rostrale à l'extrémité caudale de la ligne latérale troncale du bar, est très original et pourrait jouer un rôle dans le fonctionnement du système latéral. L'axe de sensibilité majeure des deux types de neuromastes du système latéral troncal a été identifié dans l'axe longitudinal du poisson, ce qui lui octroie une sensibilité accrue aux stimuli appliqués le long de son corps. Afin de révéler les conséquences comportementales liées à un dysfonctionnement du système latéral du bar, les deux types de neuromastes ont été endommagés artificiellement. Pour cela, une double technique spécifique, efficace, reproductible et peu invasive pour le poisson a été mise au point afin de dégrader au maximum ce système sensoriel. Cette méthode alliait la section des nerfs innervant le système latéral et un bain antibiotique. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l'inactivation du système latéral du poisson entraîne une réduction de son comportement d'exploration verticale de l'habitat. Par contre, l'inactivation de ce système sensoriel n'a pas d'effet sur la prise alimentaire nocturne du poisson lorsque cette prise est constituée de proies inertes, un système de compensation sensorielle s'appuyant sur le système olfactif se met en place très rapidement. Les conséquences comportementales d'une exposition aiguë du bar à l'ion métallique cadmium ont ensuite été examinées. Cette étude a montré que le cadmium à forte concentration dans l'eau de mer (5 µg. L-1) a un effet inhibiteur sur la réponse de fuite des poissons face à un danger. Cet effet comportemental s'accompagne de la destruction des deux types de neuromastes composant le système latéral observé en microscopie électronique à balayage. Après 21 jours, on constate une régénération des tissus des neuromastes, ainsi qu'une restauration du comportement de fuite des poissons. Par contre, lors de l'exposition aiguë au cadmium à la concentration rencontrée en milieu naturel contaminé (0,5 µg. L-1), le comportement de fuite du poisson n'est pas modifié et les tissus des neuromastes demeurent intacts. Cependant, les stimuli appliqués lors de cette étude pour simuler un danger au poisson étant relativement forts, on peut donc se demander si après une exposition aiguë au cadmium à 0,5 µg. L-1, le bar serait toujours capable de détecter le mouvement subreptice d'une proie vivante mobile. Ce travail mériterait d'être poursuivi par des études visant à déterminer la concentration seuil de cadmium responsable de dommages tissulaires au niveau des neuromastes et celle causant des désordres comportementaux. Il serait également intéressant d'examiner l'effet synergique des ions métalliques présents dans le milieu naturel (cadmium, cobalt, cuivre, mercure, nickel, plomb, zinc, etc. . . . ) sur le système latéral du bar et le comportement de cette espèceThe lateral system is a sensory organ found in aquatic amphibians and fish. It is used by fish for obstacle identification and localization obstacles, for moving objects (preys, predators) detection, for the detection of vibrations generated by low-frequency sound waves, for intraspecific communication (shoaling and sexual parade) and rheotaxis. The functional and morphologic integrity of this sensory system appears thus as an indispensable element for the presence and the survey of fish in an ecosystem. By its localization at the interface between the animal and the environment, and the fact that it functions via ion flux, this sensory organ, directly and constantly exposed to ambient medium, could then be the target of a natural or anthropic pollution. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of an environmental metallic pollution (and in particular, the cadmium ion) on tissues and function of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ) lateral system, then to observe behavioral consequences induced on individual groups evolving in laboratory controlled conditions. A preliminary study concerning morphologic characteristics and spatial distribution of both types of neuromasts composing the sea bass lateral system was realized using scanning electron microscopy. As usually observed in teleosts, the sea bass possesses two types of neuromasts (superficial and canal ones) distributed on the head, trunk and tail. The decreasing gradient of sensory capacity, underlined from the rostral to the caudal ends of the sea bass trunk lateral line system, is really original and could be involved in the lateral system function. The major sensitivity axis of both types of neuromasts from the trunk lateral line system was identified along the fish's long axis, which confers itself a greater sensitivity of stimuli applied along its body. To reveal the behavioral consequences related to a sea bass lateral system dysfunction, both types of neuromasts were artificially damaged. For this, a double specific, efficient, reproducible and few invasive technique for fish was developed in order to alter at most this sensory system. This method combined the lateral system nerves section with an antibiotic bath. The results indicate that the fish lateral system inactivation involves a reduction of its habitat vertical exploration behavior. In contrast, the fish lateral system inactivation has no effect on the fish nocturnal demand feeding when stationary preys constitute food. A sensory compensation system leaning on olfactive system sets very quickly. The behavioral consequences of an acute exposition of sea bass to cadmium ions were then investigated. This study has shown that cadmium at high concentration in seawater (5 µg. L-1) has an inhibitory effect on the fish startle response facing a danger. This behavioral effect goes along with the destruction of both types of lateral system neuromasts observed in scanning electron microscopy. After 21 days, we notice tissue neuromast regeneration as well as fish startle response restoration. In contrast, when exposed to cadmium at the concentration of the contaminated natural environment (0,5 µg. L-1), fish startle response was not modified and neuromast tissues remain intact. However, in this study, the stimuli applied to simulate a danger to fish being of relatively high intensity, we can wonder if after an acute exposition to cadmium at 0,5 µg. L-1, the sea bass will be always able to detect the surreptitious movement of an alive moving prey. This work would earn to be pursued by studies aiming at determining the cadmium threshold concentration responsible to neuromast tissue damages and the one causing behavioral disorders. It would be also interesting to examine the synergetic effect of metallic ions present in natural environment (cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, etc. . . ) on the sea bass lateral system and on this species behavior
23
Nagel, Daniel Edwin. "3DShips : rapid 3D icon generation for the Command and Control Workstation of the Future." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25645.
24
Pope, Matthew. "The titanium(IV) oxide photocatalysed decomposition of some common pollutants in water and the influence of metal ions on the photocatalytic process." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387774.
25
Bollon, Nicolas. "Étude critique de la notion de patrimoine en droit des régimes matrimoniaux et des successions." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_bollon_n.pdf.
Abstract:
L'étude du droit des régimes matrimoniaux et des successions conduit à remettre en cause la règle de l'unité du patrimoine. L'analyse du droit positif révèle de nombreuses brèches dans cette règle, brèches qui conduisent toutes à des masses patrimoniales autonomes. La remise en cause de la règle de l'unité n'est pas nouvelle. La rénovation nécessaire de la théorie du patrimoine passe par une redéfinition de la thèse des patrimoines d'affectation. Il ne s'agit pas de rejeter la personne hors du champ de la construction patrimoniale, mais de lui restituer une juste place et de fonder l'autonomie patrimoniale sur l'affectation des biens. L'association de l'actif et du passif ne peut constituer que la conséquence de l'affectation et non le critère du patrimoine. Cependant, l'affectation demeure une notion purement subjective qu'il faut rapprocher du droit de propriété. Ainsi, toutes les fois que l'affectation trouve un soutien dans le droit objectif de propriété, elle est la source d'une masse patrimoniale autonome. Cependant cette nouvelle approche de la théorie du patrimoine ne convient pas lorsque l'on a affaire à un patrimoine sur lequel plusieurs personnes peuvent prétendre exercer les mêmes prérogatives ; ce qui est le cas des biens communs sous le régime légal ou des biens indivis d'une succession. C'est la raison pour laquelle cette théorie des patrimoines d'affectation passe également par une redéfinition de la notion de propriété collective laquelle se résume à une pure concurrence de droits identiques sur un même bienThe study of the law of the matrimonial systems and the successions questions the rule of the unity of the heritage. The analysis of the substantive law reveals numerous breaches in this rule, breaches which lead all to autonomous patrimonial masses. The questioning of the rule of the unity is not new. The necessary renovation of the theory of the heritage passes by a redefining of the thesis of the "patrimoine d'affectation". It is not a question of rejecting the person outside the field of the patrimonial construction, but of restoring to her a just place and of basing the patrimonial autonomy on the affectation of the possessions. The association of the asset and the liabilities cannot constitute that the consequence of the affectation and not the criterion of the heritage. However, the affectation remains a purely subjective notion which it is necessary to move closer to the right of property. So, all the times as the affectation finds a support in the right objective of property, it is the source of an autonomous patrimonial mass. However this new approach of the theory of the heritage does not agree when we have to deal with a heritage on which several persons can claim to exercise the same privileges; what is the case of the common possessions under the legal system or the undivided possessions of a succession. It is the reason for which this theory of the affectation patrimonies also crosses by a redefining of the notion of collective property which arnounts to a pure competition of identical rights on the same good
26
Gellatly, Judith. "Decision-making in stepped care for common mental health problems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decisionmaking-in-stepped-care-for-common-mental-health-problems(c7f8b1b3-2b2b-430a-a017-e6b9726709b1).html.
Abstract:
Stepped care is designed to provide mental health treatment in the most effective and efficient way. It aims to provide patients with low intensity interventions in the first instance and only move onto high intensity treatments if outcome is not 'successful'. However, there is a paucity of research about how health professionals make decisions about treatment and the experiences of patients within this decision-making process. Using a multi-method approach, this study aimed to explore health professional and patient decision-making in stepped care for anxiety and depression. 24 health professional interviews from three stepped care sites were conducted, which included the completion of an active information search (AIS) think-aloud task. In addition, 14 patients were interviewed about their experiences of decision-making whilst being managed within stepped care model. Qualitative interview data was analysed using the principles of Framework analysis, while some of the data collected in the AIS think-aloud task lent itself to quantitative analysis.This study revealed that three core tensions exist when making decisions within the stepped care model. These are 1. The notion of standardisation of outcomes versus the individual needs of patients; 2. The public health orientation of stepped care versus the therapeutic orientation of health professionals and; 3. The rhetoric about patient choices versus the realities of shared decision-making in a resource-limited system.The complexity of decision-making within the stepped care model was highlighted. The success of stepped care relies on ensuring that there is an adequate workforce to deliver the intended interventions, where this is not present health professionals are faced with difficult decisions and it is clear that those most affected are the less-experienced frontline workers. Scarcity of resources impacts heavily upon the decisions that are made. This can have a substantial impact upon variability in treatment decisions and on the ability to allow for patient choice to be incorporated. Decisions that are made for a patient are influenced by the need to provide them with the treatment that they want (which may not be regarded as what they need within the stepped care model nor necessarily by the health professional) and the capacity of the service. The problem that exists with primary care mental health is that the current demands exceed capacity. Optimal patient care is, in part, traded off by the need to meet the demands of the service. Improving the flexibility of the service may be one solution to the problem and adopting a stratified/stepped care approach might help to resolve some of the tensions and help to relieve some of the capacity issues.
27
Wienhues, Anna. "Life in common : distributive ecological justice on a shared earth." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/life-in-common-distributive-ecological-justice-on-a-shared-earth(f61a805d-5971-441c-826a-6be449c7f95d).html.
Abstract:
This thesis lies in the overlap of environmental political theory and environmental ethics. More specifically, it focuses on the intersection between distributive ecological justice (justice to nature), and environmental justice (distributing environmental goods between humans). Against the backdrop of the current sixth extinction crisis, I address the question of what constitutes a just usage of ecological space. I define ecological space as encompassing environmental resources, benefits provided by ecosystems and physical spaces and when considering its just usage I not only take into account claims to ecological space held by other humans but also the demands of justice with regards to nonhuman living beings such as animals and plants. In order to address my overall research question, I look at three areas of inquiry in particular. My first area of concern is questions around how environmental justice can be made compatible with a theory of ecological justice. Here I defend a specific definition of ecological space and provide a critique of theories of justice that are based on the view that humanity has an original ownership of the Earth. Secondly, I defend a biocentric approach to distributive ecological justice based on all living beings constituting together a community of fate, and I additionally clarify the relationship between justice and biodiversity loss. Lastly, considering that the current situation of life on Earth does not resemble the circumstance of moderate scarcity where all needs could theoretically be met (as usually assumed by the most influential theories of justice), I inquire into how demands of environmental and ecological justice differ in different circumstances of scarcity, and what could be considered a just compromise between these two domains of justice. I then apply these last considerations to the Half-Earth proposal for creating large protected areas for nonhuman species, which has been advocated by E. O. Wilson and other ecologists as a means to slow the current rate of anthropogenic species extinctions. In essence, the Half-Earth proposal might be ambitious, but I argue there are good reasons to consider it as one building block of a (distributively) just future for life on Earth.
28
Janneck, Monique. "Softwaregestaltung für die Gruppeninteraktion im Kontext von CSCL am Beispiel der Fallstudie CommSy /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981127053.
29
Fiedler, Sabine. "ELF and the alternatives (Kommentar): Comments on Ian MacKenzie’s “Topic & Comment” in JELF 2014; 3(2): 395–407." De Gruyter, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31180.
Abstract:
In his paper “ELF and the alternatives” Ian MacKenzie considers a number of options that are presently under discussion as possible alternatives to the use of
English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Their scope includes translation (a short section of two paragraphs only), code switching, receptive multilingualism,
and Esperanto. It is the presentation of the latter approach that I want to address in this comment. As MacKenzie ’s bibliography contains two articles of mine and
as these seem to be important sources on which the author bases his argumentation, I suppose that I should react to his paper.
30
Musiat, Peter. "Trait-focused internet-based prevention of common mental disorders in students." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/traitfocused-internetbased-prevention-of-common-mental-disorders-in-students(1ceb4dc0-3ac6-4b32-b235-363c36257e9a).html.
Abstract:
Background: Many university students experience symptoms of depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders or eating disorders. This thesis aimed to develop and evaluate a trait-focused internet-based prevention programme for these disorders in students. The thesis comprises of three studies. Study 1: In a cross-sectional study, 425 students were assessed on personality and mental health. A cluster analysis of indicators of mental health suggested two groups: one "high risk" group (20 per cent), who experienced symptoms of mental disorders; and the remaining students (80 per cent), who did not experience symptoms. Students at high risk showed higher trait anxiety, perfectionism and introversion/hopelessness. Study 2: To investigate challenges of student life, a mixed-methods study combined a web survey and focus groups. In the web survey, students most frequently identified social, practical and academic challenges. The focus groups confirmed these challenges and suggested that stigma and the belief that support mechanisms at university are only for students with severe problems would hinder support seeking. Study 3: Based on the findings from studies 1 and 2, a trait-focused internet-based cognitive-behavioural intervention was developed. This intervention included modules on perfectionism, low self-esteem, difficult emotions and anxiety. An active control intervention and a procedure for personalised feedback were developed. In a randomised controlled trial, the efficacy of the intervention compared to a control intervention was investigated in 1141 students, who were classified as high or low risk according to their personality. The trait-focused intervention reduced depression, anxiety and, to some extent, phobia-related avoidance and eating disorder symptoms in students at high risk. Conclusions: These findings suggest that: (a) students at high risk of developing mental disorders can be identified; (b) high risk students report higher levels of emotional and health difficulties; and (c) the mental health of these students can be improved with an intervention targeting personality risk factors.
31
El-Sheikh, Amr Abdelhamid Farag. "Decreased IFN-gamma message by pancreatic islet-infiltrating leukocytes is a common feature of different treatments that protect against autoimmune diabetes in the BB rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/NQ34758.pdf.
32
Becuwe, Audrey. "L' institutionnalisation de la gestion des compétences dans les communes françaises." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_becuwe_a.pdf.
Abstract:
La recherche questionne alors l'introduction des démarches compétences dans les villes françaises de taille moyennes et importantes comme pratique en cours d'institutionnalisation et ambitionne ainsi une compréhension du processus d'adoption des innovations managériales. La thèse intègre donc des phénomènes de mode et de mimétisme par lesquels l'organisation tente de gagner en légitimité. Cette théorie peut s'interpréter comme suit : peu importe que les outils et dispositifs de gestion des compétences soient réellement (concrètement) utilisés, seule compte la réputation sociale et la légitimité que confère leur adoption. Sur la base d'une étude de cas comparative fondée sur le déploiement de démarches de gestion des compétences dans les villes de Saint-Etienne, Lyon et Nancy, et d'une phase quantitative menée sur la base d'un questionnaire adressé aux DRH de villes de taille moyenne, l'étude apporte un regard original sur le statut des outils de gestion, ces derniers étant simultanément appréhendés comme un vecteur de rationalisation mais aussi un artefact symboliqueIn the realm on neo-institutional theory, diffusion refers to the spread of institutional principles or practices with little modification through a population of actors (Strang and Meyer, 1993). Early institutional scholars have argued that diffusion based on institutional pressures leads to isomorphic or homogenous outcomes in populations of organizations (Mimichi and Fein, 1999; Scott 2001 for a review). DiMaggio and Powell (1983) have argued that three logics intervene in diffusion : actors adopt because they believe that it is the appropriate or legitimate way to operate; actors adopt because they face much uncertainty, do not know what to do, then imitate what those around thern; and actors adopt because they believe it is in their material interests to do so in order to garner resources from their environment. Competence Management, i. E. Literally the management of competences, can be considered as a new practice, a new rule, andor a new management technology in the field of Hurnan Resource Management, depending on one's theoretical preferences (Scott, 2001 : chapter 4: 71 and following). It has been viewed as a route to better management, and is but one component of the so-called New Public Management (NPM). Starting in the mid-1980s, a reforrn movement to change publiosector management practices, now known as New Public Management (NPM), took roots in many OECD countries (Hood, 1990, 1995). NPM emphasizes economy, eficiency and effectiveness of public services. The focus shifis from policy making to management, especially to generic management skills, and from process accountability to accountability based on results (Osborne and Gaebler, 1992). Public organizations would become more effective if their organizational and managerial processes were inspired by private organizations. Therefore, what public organizations actually imitate are rationalized myths, i. E. Stories constructed by actors of exemplary organizations. Public Management is essentially dialectic, and competing values and paradox affect organizations. We study examines the influence of institutional pressures on Human Resource Practices in public organizations. We develop and test institutional mechanisms that support non-isomorphic change, i. E. Increased institutional variety in HR practices. Specifically, we examine several determinants of variety increase in the competence management of French Large Municipalities : the managerial values of chief human resource executives (CHRE) or chief administrators (Le. Competence management perception), and institutional factors. To account for heterogeneity, we use one dependent variable that measures the degree of adoption (i. E. Intensity) of Competence Management by Municipalities. Empirical results support the view of institutionalization as variety increase
33
Qadir, F. "Gender disadvantage as a risk factor for common mental disorder in women residing in Rawalpindi/Islamabad." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/gender-disadvantage-as-a-risk-factor-for-common-mental-disorder-in-women-residing-in-rawalpindiislamabad(3a806ea8-69a6-4461-a595-3ef8198df6a8).html.
Abstract:
I assessed common mental disorder (CMD) and its association with gender disadvantage among young women in two defined catchment areas (with contrasting socio-economic circumstances) in each city. Socio-economic status is a risk factor for CMD, and may confound or modify the effect of gender disadvantage, hence the stratified sampling. Female gender disadvantage cannot be measured directly, but is a well recognized phenomenon and has important effects across the life course. I used five proxy indicators; 1) no older brother at the time of birth (as a proxy for male preference), 2) limited parental bonding (low care and high overprotection), 3) low educational attainment 4) adverse marital circumstances (early age at marriage and low satisfaction) and 5) subjective perception. Recruitment and interviewing of 525 women aged 20-35 was completed with 98% response rate. 57% were married. The prevalence of CMD (SRQ score >=8) ranged from 26% (high SES Rawalpindi) to 83% (low SES Islamabad). Perception of parental preference for males, low care, less education, early age at marriage and low marital satisfaction were, as hypothesised, strongly correlated. I have found strong effects of all of the indicators of gender disadvantage (other than birth order) upon risk for CMD, independent of SES. I found strong evidence to support the main hypothesis of an independent association between low care and increased risk for CMD. However, for this risk factor the effect was modified by SES being significantly stronger among those living in higher SES districts.
34
Medhin, Tesfay Girmay. "Modelling the effect of common mental disorders on child growth in Butajira, Ethiopia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-the-effect-of-common-mental-disorders-on-child-growth-in-butajira-ethiopia(400d1ebc-cd49-4b0d-8f84-25127d376d04).html.
Abstract:
Background: Evidence about the effects of perinatal common mental disorders (CMD) on child growth is consistent in South Asian studies but not in Sub Saharan Africa. Aims: To (1) assess the effect of CMD on child growth in Ethiopia using traditional analysis, latent growth modelling (LGM) and multilevel growth modelling (MGM) techniques, and (2) evaluate the effects of other pre-specified risk factors on infant growth using these three modelling techniques Methods: A population based cohort was established between July 2005 and February 2006 in a demographic surveillance site in Butajira, Ethiopia, recruiting 1065 women in pregnancy and followed them with their newly born infants. Main exposure was perinatal CMD measured with locally validated self reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). The women were interviewed at recruitment, birth, two and 12 months postnatal. In addition to birthweight, infant growth was monitored at two, six, nine, 12 and 18 months of age and standardized using 2006 WHO reference standards. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to model binary and continous infant growth outcomes, respectively, at two, six and twelve months of age. Furthermore, infant growth over the first 18 months of age and predictors of growth patters of these infants were investigated using MGM and LGM. Results: Postnatal and persistent CMD were significant risk factors of compromised initial infant length, and part of the effect on the total length gain was mediated through diarrhoeal episodes. Early infant feeding practices and birthweight did not mediate the effects of CMD on infant growth. Boys perform better in initial weight (in kg) and length (in cm), but worse in initial values of standardized growth measures. Low birthweight and reduced maternal mid upper arm circumference during pregnancy were significant predictors of compromised initial growth.
35
Ghio, Daniela. "Illness perceptions in adolescents with juvenile arthritis : applying the common sense self-regulatory model." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/illness-perceptions-in-adolescents-with-juvenile-arthritis-applying-the-common-sense-selfregulatory-model(ec4d78b7-1cdd-463d-9861-1da30d5a72ed).html.
Abstract:
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a long-term inflammatory arthritis which starts before the age of 16; 60% of those with JIA continue to have symptoms into adulthood. There are wide variations in experiences of adolescents with JIA, including the effects of the condition on social and intellectual development, self-management, psychological and physical functioning. Individual differences may be due to differences in how adolescents conceptualise JIA. Leventhal's Common Sense Self-regulatory Model (CS-SRM) has been used to theorise adults' experiences of illness, however, this has rarely been used with adolescents. The CS-SRM has three components, mental representations (component 1) that drive coping procedures and illness behaviours (component 2) which are then evaluated and appraised (component 3). A review of studies with adolescent cohorts that applied the CS-SRM found no evidence-base with which to justify application of an adult theory with children or adolescents. Thus the applicability of the theory and the use of the associated questionnaire, the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R), with adolescents are problematic. Aims: The aims of this PhD were first to assess the suitability of the CS-SRM for adolescents with JIA by investigating the three components of the model, and second, to develop a questionnaire for use with this population. Methods: To investigate the first two components of the CS-SRM, twenty-one participants aged between 11-16 years were recruited from a national cohort of JIA patients. Data collection was undertaken using cognitive interviewing. Framework analysis of the data was used to identify domains used by adolescents to conceptualise their JIA and content analysis to further investigate the suitability of the IPQ-R to assess beliefs. Transcripts were analysed identifying problems or inconsistencies with IPQ-R use. Adolescents' ways of coping with JIA were investigated using the somatic experience module of a computer-based interview, 'In My Shoes' (IMS). To evaluate the third component of the CS-SRM, quantitative data were used in a longitudinal mediation analysis to investigate the extent to which emotional representations and pain predicted physical behaviour (n= 50). To address the second aim of this PhD, Version 1 of the Pain Perception Questionnaire for Young People (PPQ-YP) was devised and sent to 18 healthy adolescents (11- 16) to assess linguistic validity and face validity of the items using a recent pain to answer items and provide feedback on language and length. The psychometric properties of a revised version were tested with 76 adolescents with JIA. Results: Adolescents' responses to having JIA were driven by their emotional and cognitive responses to symptoms (in this case pain) rather than illness beliefs per se. Thus, it is important to assess pain beliefs rather than broader illness representations. The need to preserve their social identity as 'normal' was a coping goal shared across the sample, however different strategies were identified, either to focus on maintaining normal activities or to attend to pain directly. Adolescents who focused on their pain held a more negative emotional representation, reported higher pain and lower functionality compared to adolescents who tried to maintain normality. Based on these results, longitudinal mediation models investigated the role of emotional representations and pain in predicting physical behaviour. Pain mediated 44% of the relationship between emotional representations and physical behaviour. Conclusions: Modifications to the model are recommended to take into account the role of social identity in the process of developing illness behaviours as well as the importance of a symptom driven conceptualisation of the condition.
36
Charles, Kelvin. "The common in Hardt and Negri : substantiating the concept through its urban, digital and political moments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-common-in-hardt-and-negri-substantiating-the-concept-through-its-urban-digital-and-political-moments(fc091265-6fb3-43cf-99f4-6bc0510a8bdb).html.
Abstract:
The concept of the common, found in Hardt and Negri, provides the possibility of theorising struggle that avoids the critiques that suggest Empire remains intangible, ethereal and postmodern. The concept, however, remains fragmentarily developed by the authors themselves, and is rarely the subject of sustained analysis in the secondary literature. Therefore, in order to substantiate the concept, I consider the common through three distinct moments which I identify as the urban, digital and political moments. This task is achieved through theoretical interlocutions and reflections on the 2011 Occupy movement. Throughout this thesis, and through each moment of the common, I argue that the concept must be understood as distinctly physical. Firstly, struggles over the urban common revolve around the physical (re)production of ideas, knowledge, culture and relationships in urban environments. Whilst the digital common often implies a lack of physicality, I argue that the common offers a means of thinking social media and perpetual connectivity primarily as a process of transforming the way humans engage with one another and their environments, and the radical possibilities therein. I argue that these moments of the common necessitate the development of an appropriate political moment of the common. Through centring on the physicality of struggle, Hardt and Negria's concept of the common is substantiated whilst contributing to wider debates in the field of radical theory and social movements.
37
Jaber, Maysaa Husam. "Sirens in command: the criminal femme fatale in American hardboiled crime fiction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sirens-in-command-the-criminal-femme-fatale-in-american-hardboiled-crime-fiction(a6a35b81-665e-4f1a-9f3c-a8c286fe3796).html.
Abstract:
This thesis challenges the traditional view of the 'femme fatale' as merely a dangerous and ravenous sexual predator who leads men into ruination. Critical, especially feminist, scholarship mostly regards the femme fatale as a sexist construction of a male fantasy and treats her as an expression of misogyny that ultimately serves to reaffirm male authority. But this thesis proposes alternative ways of viewing the femme fatale by showing how she can also serve as a figure for imagining female agency. As such, I focus on a particular character type that is distinct from the general archetype of the femme fatale because of the greater degree of agency she demonstrates. This 'criminal femme fatale' uses her sexual appeal and irresistible wiles both to manipulate men and to commit criminal acts, usually murder, in order to advance her goals with deliberate intent and full culpability. This thesis reveals and explains the agency of the criminal femme fatales in American Hardboiled crime fiction between the late 1920s and the end of World War II in the works of three authors: Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler and James M. Cain. The criminal femme fatales in the narratives of these authors show a subversive power and an ability to act - even though, or perhaps only if, this action is a criminal one. I show that these criminal femme fatales exhibit agency through their efforts to challenge not only the 'masculine' genre and the criminal space that this genre represents, but also to undercut the male protagonist's role and prove his failure in asserting control and dominance. Hammett's narratives provide good examples of how the criminal femme fatales function on a par with male gangsters in an underworld of crime and corruption. Chandler's work demonstrates a different case of absent/present criminal women who are set against the detective and ultimately question his power and mastery. Cain's narratives show the agency of the criminal femme fatales in the convergence between their ambition for social mobility and their sexual power over the male characters. To explain how these female characters exhibit agency, I situate this body of literature alongside contemporaneous legal and medical discourses on female criminality. I argue that the literary female criminal is a fundamentally different portrayal because she breaks the 'mad-bad' woman dichotomy that dominates both legal and medical discourses on female criminality. I show that the criminal femme fatales' negotiations of female agency within hardboiled crime fiction fluctuate and shift between the two poles of the criminalized and the medicalized women. These criminal femme fatales exhibit culpability in their actions that bring them into an encounter with the criminal justice system and resist being pathologized as women who suffer from a psychological ailment that affect their control. The thesis concludes that the ways in which the criminal femme fatales trouble normative socio-cultural conceptions relating to docile femininity and passive sexuality, not only destabilize the totality and fixity of the stereotype of the femme fatale in hardboiled crime fiction, but also open up broader debates about the representation of women in popular culture and the intersections between genre and gender.
38
Braunholtz-Speight, Timothy Herford. "Power and community in Scottish community land initiatives." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/power-and-community-in-scottish-community-land-initiatives(7670cf12-6c48-41ef-8bdd-a5aac301873b).html.
Abstract:
This thesis examines Scottish community land ownership through the lenses of power and community. It asks what impact Community Land Initiatives (CLIs) have on power relations, particularly at local level; and, if and how their conception as “community” initiatives affects that. These questions are addressed through in-depth qualitative case studies of two emerging CLIs on the Isle of Skye, in the context of the wider community land movement. The thesis finds that one of the CLIs studied have contributed some measure of additive empowerment to local residents. These are increasing in significance and social reach as the scale of asset ownership and associated development projects expands. The other is at an earlier stage in terms of land ownership, but has some collective power through a focus on the cultural and convivial aspects of community that has considerable local resonance. It is also clear that, where CLIs acquire land and assets, they shift visible power from landowners to community groups. They also are beginning to shift cultural perceptions of who and what land is for. However, despite some efforts by activists to address them, power relations at local level shape participation in CLI decision-making spaces. These are closely connected to experiences and ideas of community at local level. More broadly, the thesis shows how CLIs owe their power both to organising at local level, and to a network of relationships with actors elsewhere, including funding and support agencies. Maintaining and balancing all these relationships can be challenging. As an in-depth but narrowly focussed case study, this thesis aims at exploring these issues, rather than producing definitive judgements about the entire community land movement. The final chapter therefore situates the thesis in the context of other studies of this movement, and within the wider literature on power and development. It concludes with suggestions for further research and testing of the ideas it has developed.
39
Foster, Christopher. "Communal participation in the spirit : the Corinthian Correspondence in light of early Jewish mysticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/communal-participation-in-the-spirit-the-corinthian-correspondence-in-light-of-early-jewish-mysticism-in-the-dead-sea-scrolls(a312d7dd-978c-40c7-9a58-b74fbe580ea1).html.
Abstract:
This thesis identifies Jewish mystical elements in the Dead Sea Scrolls and compares them with analogous elements in the Corinthian Correspondence, to illuminate through differences and similarities how Paul advocates a mystical and communal participation in the spirit. After defining early Jewish mysticism and introducing methodology—heuristic comparison—in chapter 1, Part I identifies and investigates mystical elements in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Chapter 2 explores how the spirit facilitates a liturgica mystica with angels in Hodayota. Chapter 3 shows from 1QS and Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice that the Qumran temple community, in an archetypal relationship, shares in the priestly service of the angels. Chapter 4 argues that Moses-Δόξα traditions in the Scrolls portray Moses as an exalted, angelic-like mediator with supernatural authority—an ideal model for the Qumran priesthood. The ascent texts surveyed in chapter 5 reveal the conceivability of heavenly ascent at Qumran. In light of these studies, the Qumran community’s worship praxis and apperception of divine transcendence can be characterised as a liturgical and communal mysticism. Part II compares these findings with corresponding elements related to participation in the spirit in 1 and 2 Corinthians. Chapter 6 shows how Paul advances an epistemology of the spirit and participation (κοινωνία) in the spirit that is communal. Chapter 7 analyses angelic presence and angelic tongues as extensions of the spirit-enabled temple metaphor. Chapter 8 demonstrates how Paul democratises the spirit-facilitated, mystical encounter with the glory of the Lord and supports an ongoing, christomorphic and theotic transformation of the community. Chapter 9 examines how Paul’s heavenly ascent functions rhetorically to build up and instruct the ekklesia with a cruciform perspective of communal participation. Chapter 10 draws final conclusions showing the fruitfulness and validity of heuristic comparison. Paul appropriates Jewish mystical traditions and reinterprets them to promote the ongoing Christological and mystical transformation of the Corinthian community in and by the spirit. This reveals the predominantly corporate tenor of participation in the spirit for Paul. Overall, this investigation builds upon and contributes to studies of Jewish mysticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Paul and Jewish mysticism, Corinthians, spirit, and notions of communal participation and theosis.
40
Thorneloe, Rachael Jane. "Investigating medication adherence in psoriasis : exploring the role of illness perceptions, medication beliefs, and emotional distress." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-medication-adherence-in-psoriasis-exploring-the-role-of-illness-perceptions-medication-beliefs-and-emotional-distress(758e5322-438d-4806-bd2c-84e39c6477dd).html.
Abstract:
Objectives: Psoriasis is a long-term inflammatory condition associated with considerable psychological and social morbidity. There are multiple psoriasis treatment modalities and regimens making medication adherence particularly demanding. The Self-Regulatory Framework has not been widely applied to investigate adherence by people with psoriasis. This thesis reports research into psychological factors associated with medication adherence in psoriasis. Methods: A systematic review of adherence to treatments (Phase 1) was followed by a qualitative investigation of measures of adherence and treatment beliefs (Phase 2). A large-scale multisite quantitative survey of levels and determinants of adherence to systemic psoriasis treatments was carried out by linking new psychological measures with data from a national treatment registry (Phase 3). Finally a mixed-methods investigation into self- regulatory approaches to the understanding of adherence was undertaken (Phase 4). Findings: i) Adherence difficulties are prevalent in psoriasis, however poor methodology quality of previous studies limited conclusions of the systematic review ii) Patients using topical preparations described significant day-to-day variations in medication use as well as complex treatment decision-making processes; however, key behaviours and cognitions were not accurately reflected by corresponding scores of the standardised scales iii) Patients using systemic treatments reported high levels of adherence which were associated with: biologic rather than a traditional systemic; fewer concerns about systemic treatments; and lower PASI and DLQI scores. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours were also prevalent iv) Effective treatment usage in psoriasis conflicted with the management of the physical and psychological demands of living with psoriasis. For patients using topical preparations, non-adherence was a strategic decision to reduce distress and gain control. Patients using systemic treatments expressed strong beliefs in the necessity of their treatment, yet reported high levels of anxiety and depression. Systemic treatment usage conflicted with the management of illness controllability and psychological adjustment. A more negative illness belief profile and greater appearance concerns accounted for the most variance in both anxiety and depression, even after controlling for disease severity. These findings have major implications for the measurement of adherence and treatment beliefs, as well as researchers’ ability to determine clinical outcomes and treatment response. Conclusions: Psoriasis treatment adherence can be practically challenging as well as emotionally charged. The construct of self-regulatory failure proved to be illuminating and improves understanding of the psychological processes that underpin medicines adherence and other aspects of self- management in people with psoriasis.
41
Aseem, Saadia. "Development and evaluation of a psychosocial intervention for common mental disorders for the British South Asians in the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-and-evaluation-of-a-psychosocial-intervention-for-common-mental-disorders-for-the-british-south-asians-in-the-uk(3ac9b949-8a1e-4453-8928-1b0975add315).html.
Abstract:
Background: Ethnic minorities, particularly the South Asian community, have a high prevalence of depression within the United Kingdom (UK). They suffer from poor health, social isolation and tend to not access available health services and treatment. Culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions are effective for depression. However, in the UK, very limited research evidence is available to date. The research study focuses on the processes involved with the aim of developing and evaluating the acceptability, adherence and effectiveness of a culturally appropriate psychosocial intervention for the South Asians in the UK.Methods: A phased programme of research was planned to achieve the aims. In the first phase, a systematic review was conducted. The aim was to identify and synthesize the literature on effective psychosocial interventions for common mental disorders, particularly for ethnic minorities in developed countries. In the second phase, four focus groups from which three with ethnic minority service users and one with the health professionals were conducted. The purpose was to collect and understand the views of South Asian service users and providers in order to culturally adapt an intervention as part of the AMP programme. In the final phase of the study, seventeen qualitative interviews were conducted with the psychosocial intervention trial participants and the intervention provider team. The case studies were analysed to evaluate the delivery, acceptability, adherence and cultural appropriateness of the psychosocial intervention. Findings: The systematic review provides reasonable evidence from trials and subgroup analyses from trials that ethnic minority patients could benefit from modified psychological treatments. However, there is no systematic documentation of cultural adaptations available. The participants of the focus groups and evaluation interviews identified cultural specific and universal barriers and highlighted cultural sensitive modifications for interventions which the health care providers need to respond in order to make mental health care accessible for the ethnic minorities. The qualitative studies show evidence that cultural adaptations improve acceptability and adherence in interventions. The findings highlighted empathy as the significant need of the participants of the well-being intervention. People make choices depending on the intensity of their need, the nature of the problem and the options available to them. The participants suggested that fulfilment of needs is vital rather than assuming that cultural matching is always necessary. Conclusion: Culturally modified interventions for specific populations can improve acceptability and accessibility. Better engagement and adherence to psychosocial interventions can be achieved by overcoming culturally specific and universal barriers and by providing treatment choices to patients according to the nature and urgency of their specific need. Further research is required for developing an evidence base in respect of designing effective mental health treatments for minority patients. A systematic way of documenting all these adaptations is essential. It would enable progress by improving comparability and replication of modifications across studies.
42
Erfmeier, Alexandra. "Ursachen des Invasionserfolges von Rhododendron ponticum L. auf den Britischen Inseln Einfluss von Habitat und Genotyp /." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975033476.
43
Dornhege, Guido. "Increasing information transfer rates for brain-computer interfacing." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98051276X.
44
Spiegl, Steven. "Communal responses to socio-economic problems in Italy and Gaul, 31 BC - AD 284." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/communal-responses-to-socioeconomic-problems-in-italy-and-gaul-31-bc--ad-284(4437edaa-53fa-4a57-8897-879bec4747b6).html.
Abstract:
This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.
45
Contin, Giacomo. "The Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) for the ALICE experiment at LHC: construction, characterization and charged particles multiplicity studies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3070.
Abstract:
2007/2008La presente tesi descrive le attivita' di ricerca legate alla costruzione, la caratterizzazione e la validazione del rivelatore a micro-strisce di silicio (SSD) per il sistema di tracciamento dell'esperimento ALICE presso il collisionatore LHC al CERN. Nel primo capitolo della tesi si introduce la fisica delle collisioni fra ioni pesanti e si descrivono le principali osservabili che saranno utilizzate dall'esperimento ALICE per studiare la formazione e la successiva evoluzione del Plasma di Quark e Gluoni. Nel secondo capitolo e' presentata una descrizione del rivelatore di ALICE e sono discusse in particolare le caratteristiche del sistema di tracciamento, di cui l'SSD e' parte integrante, e le sue prestazioni in relazione alla fisica di ALICE. La terza parte della tesi riguarda le attivita' correlate alla costruzione e alla caratterizzazione dell'SSD: dopo la produzione e i test di accettazione, e' stata condotta un'indagine estensiva ed approfondita sui moduli difettosi, al fine di comprendere l'origine delle problematiche riscontrate e di elaborare soluzioni appropriate. Il lavoro effettuato ha permesso di recuperare numerosi moduli e di innalzare la qualita' globale del rivelatore. Dopo le operazioni di assemblaggio, il rivelatore nella configurazione finale e' stato completamente caratterizzato prima dell'installazione nel sito sperimentale. Una volta installato, le funzionalita' dell'SSD e la sua integrazione in ALICE sono state infine verificate durante la fase di commissioning, attraverso un elevato numero di acquisizioni di dati di rumore e di raggi cosmici. La caratterizzazione del rivelatore completo ha dimostrato l'importanza di un' efficace correzione hardware del common mode per l'efficienza e la qualita' globali dell'SSD. A tal fine, gli effetti di questa particolare fonte di rumore sono stati studiati attraverso una serie di simulazioni. I risultati di questo studio sono presentati nel quarto capitolo della tesi e due algoritmi sono proposti per un efficiente trattamento e reiezione del rumore di common mode. Infine, nell'ultimo capitolo viene descritto uno studio di fattibilita' della misura della molteplicita' di particelle cariche con l'SSD. In vista della prima fase di acquisizione dati dell'esperimento ALICE, e' stato simulato un campione di eventi protone-protone a 900 GeV di energia; l'efficienza di ricostruzione dei segnali di particella e' stata studiata e misurata in funzione delle caratteristiche funzionali del detector. Infine, la correlazione tra i segnali ricostruiti nell'SSD e le osservabili fisiche simulate dal Monte Carlo e' stata usata per caratterizzare l'interazione primaria.
The present thesis is focused on the construction, characterization and performance assessment of the Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) for the tracking system of the ALICE experiment at LHC. The first part introduces to the physics of heavy ions collisions and describes the main observables which are going to be studied with the ALICE detector as possible signatures of the onset of the Quark Gluon Plasma phase transition. A description of the ALICE detector is presented in the second chapter, with particular emphasis on the tracking system, where the SSD plays an important role, and on its performances related to the ALICE physics topics. The third part of the thesis deals with the activities related to the construction and characterization of the SSD: after the production and the acceptance tests, an extensive work was performed on the malfunctioning modules, in order to find out the origin of several defects and to develop proper solutions. Their application allowed to recover a fair number of modules and to enhance the global quality of the SSD. After the assembling operations, a complete characterization of the detector in the final configuration was performed before its installation in the experimental site. Once installed, it was tested and characterized during the commissioning phase, through a large set of noise and cosmic rays data acquisitions. The characterization showed the relevance of a proper hardware common mode correction for the efficiency and overall quality of the SSD. In order to improve the SSD data quality, the effects of this particular source of noise were studied with a set of simulations. The results are presented in the fourth part of the present thesis; in addition, two different algorithms for an efficient common mode noise treatment and rejection are proposed. In the last part of the thesis, the feasibility of a charged particles multiplicity measurement with the SSD was explored. In view of the first data taking phase of the ALICE experiment, a 900 GeV proton-proton collisions sample was simulated, and the particles signals reconstruction efficiency was studied and measured as a function of the SSD quality, represented by the number of properly operating channels and their noise characteristics. Finally, the correlation between SSD reconstructed signals and the Monte Carlo simulated physical observables was used to characterize the primary interactions.
XXI Ciclo
1978
46
Grams, Michael. "Analyse der EU-Milchmarktpolitik bei Unsicherheit." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97252942X.
47
Triscott, Nicola. "Art and intervention in the stewardship of the planetary commons : towards a curatorial model of co-inquiry." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q3677/art-and-intervention-in-the-stewardship-of-the-planetary-commons-towards-a-curatorial-model-of-co-inquiry.
Abstract:
This Ph.D. by Published Work examines five projects that took place over ten years, between 2007 and 2016, that were curated as part of the artistic programme of Arts Catalyst,an independent interdisciplinary arts commissioning organisation of which the author is the founding director. This programme of work sought to understand what form of curatorial model and interpretative framework could generate new artworks and co-produce interdisciplinary knowledge across areas of specialist research and geopolitical urgency. The projects take the form of exhibitions, texts and edited books, which are presented as the portfolio of work. The selected projects are: Malamp UK, Brandon Ballengée (2007-2010); Arctic Perspective Initiative (2009-2011); ITACCUS – IAF Technical Activities Committee on the Cultural Utilisation of Space – and associated activities (2007-2014); Holoturian, Ariel Guzik (2013-2015); and Wrecked on the Intertidal Zone, YoHa, Critical Art Ensemble, et al. (2013-2016). Through analysis of and reflection on the projects, this commentary proposes a curatorial model of interdisciplinary co-inquiry, which can foster an ecology of practices, enabling curators, artists, scientists, specialist experts and people with situated expertise to coproduce knowledge around matters of concern, particularly relating to human environment interaction and common and extraterritorial spaces. It examines the roles of the curator in this model and how these might differ from those commonly understood as established curatorial practice. The commentary further presents an interpretative and tactical framework of the planetary commons for curating art-led projects in the realm of ecopolitical concerns, that can engage audiences and publics with the art and ideas emerging from this coinquiry approach. The combination of curatorial model and interpretative and tactical framework contribute to discourses on both inter/trans-disciplinarity and the role of art in relation to the politics of ecology. The Ph.D. contributes to the field on several levels. Within curatorial studies, the interdisciplinary co-inquiry model reconfigures curatorial practice as a collective, inquiry3 driven, knowledge-producing practice, and provides a useful methodology for inter- /trans-disciplinary artistic practice in relation to the politics of ecology, while the framework of the planetary commons proposes direction and allows for investment in reciprocity through commoning practices. Beyond contemporary art, a curatorial coinquiry model deepens and alters existing approaches for listening to, valuing, and synthesising different types of knowledge and expertise around current environmental and related social concerns. While the commentary argues for the planetary commons framework within the contemporary art space, there are wider implications for it as a complement and alternative to the dominant interpretative framework of the Anthropocene.
48
Ahmed, Kabir. "Shariah principles for Islamic capital markets and the regulation of market abuse in UK and the US : common grounds, divergences and proposal for reform." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shariah-principles-for-islamic-capital-markets-and-the-regulation-of-market-abuse-in-uk-and-the-us-common-grounds-divergences-and-proposal-for-reform(90e750ff-4819-4b9f-bceb-a96c86e2e4c1).html.
Abstract:
Investor protection is the essence of Islamic banking and capital markets. Shariah aims to promote fairness in the exchange mechanism, prohibit abuse, exploitation and harm, protect investors and safeguard public interest. The purpose of this thesis is to explore and compare Shariah's principles for investor protection from market abuse with the rationales and theories of prohibition underpinning the UK and US legal market abuse framework in securities markets. Shariah takes a completely different and a very comprehensive approach in combating market abuse. It takes a two pronged approach. Firstly, it propounds compliance and incorporation of ethical principles, Quranic proscription, and Prophetic commandments in the legal framework which prohibit market abuse before it occurs. Secondly, its unique contractual structures facilitate fair exchange. The product innovation incorporates ancient contractual structures as building blocks with inbuilt safety features to curb abusive speculation, manipulation and distortion in the price formation mechanisms. These principles and contractual structures successfully safeguarded the interest of participants in one to one transactions in barter based ancient markets in Mecca and Medina. The thesis analyses the validity of the aforementioned approach in regulating market abuse in impersonal trading in the context of emerging technologically advanced Shariah compliant stock exchanges. It also explores how Shariah's approach facilitates the smooth interplay of market forces and uninterrupted natural equilibrium devoid of exploitation and harm. In the light of the antiquity of Shariah's ethical principles and contractual structures and the modern securities markets offering a sophisticated electronic trading platform, it presents a particularly challenging task to put together a coherent theoretical Shariah based market abuse framework for the smooth operation of advanced equity, debt and derivative products. The thesis also comprehensively analyses the speculative nature of modern equity, debt and derivative products and illustrates how, in contrast, long standing Shariah compliant contractual structures provide inbuilt safety features to reduce the potential for volatility and distortion in the price formation mechanism. It further highlights non-Islamic features and practices in the conventional spot, forward and futures markets and illustrates their susceptibility to facilitate abusive and excessive speculation, distortion and manipulation. Based on the comparative analysis of the rationales of UK and US market abuse regimes and Shariah principles, the thesis concludes by highlighting common ethical approaches, divergences and how Shariah based market abuse approach could be used to improve the integrity and stability of the UK and US securities Market.
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Easton, Katherine Anne. "An investigation into the nature, prevalence and severity of anxiety in heart failure patients : the association between anxiety and patient health outcomes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-into-the-nature-prevalence-and-severity-of-anxiety-in-heart-failure-patients-the-association-between-anxiety-and-patient-health-outcomes(3c2ebad9-0418-4cec-b4a6-d17784043c85).html.
Abstract:
Long Term Conditions (LTCs) with co-morbid common mental health conditions of anxiety and depression present a significant challenge for UK health and social care services. Depression and anxiety are common in heart failure (HF) patient populations and research suggests depression has a detrimental effect on a range of health outcomes, including Health related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The impact of anxiety is relatively under-researched in this patient group. In this doctoral study a systematic review was conducted to consolidate the evidence base for the prevalence and variance of rates of anxiety in HF patients. Importantly, the relative contribution of anxiety symptoms, measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), to reported HRQoL , measured using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnarie (KCCQ) was examined in a cross-sectional survey of 158 HF patients attending specialist HF outpatient clinics. The systematic review identified 72 studies, with reported rates of anxiety varying dramatically, ranging from 6.2% to 72.3%. The random effects pooled prevalence estimate for anxiety disorders was 13.01% (95% CI 9.3% - 16.9%), for probable clinically significant anxiety was 28.8% (95% CI 23.3% - 34.3%) and the random effects pooled prevalence estimate for elevated symptoms of anxiety was 55.5% (95% CI 48.1% - 62.8%). Not all tools used to assess anxiety were population appropriate. In the survey multivariate analysis found that anxiety symptoms, did not account for a significant proportion of unique variance in HRQoL scores. Higher levels of physical symptom burden, depression and an increased number of physical co-morbidities predominantly account for 69% of the variance in HRQoL (F13,125 = p <0.0005). The findings highlight the need for accurate and valid measurement of anxiety and depression within the context of a physical LTC. Anxiety and depression are common in HF patients and the evidence suggests depression in particular predicts reported HRQoL. Further research is required to understand more about the role of anxiety in influencing patient’s health outcomes.
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Ellis, Eloise Elizabeth Catherine. "The working and impact of the House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee in the 2010-15 Parliament." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-working-and-impact-of-the-house-of-commons-political-and-constitutional-reform-committee-in-the-201015-parliament(9fd9392c-013a-4f25-a34f-e5a66dac53ad).html.
Abstract:
Much of the development in constitutional reform that took place between 2010 and 2015 might be described as an accident of circumstance, particularly those in the early years that were widely regarded as a compromise intended to bind the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government together. It was this unique context of a Coalition Government in office, with a specific constitutional reform policy brief accorded to the Liberal Democrat leader as Deputy Prime Minister, that gave rise to the House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee being established in 2010. The creation of this Committee, and the passage of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 shortly after providing a fixed five-year term for the working of the Committee, formed the genesis and basis for this PhD study. This particular Committee was, in the words of its Chair, a ‘bolt-on’; it was an ‘experiment’ with a finite lifespan. The conditions in which the PCRC emerged enabled it to carve out a unique position for itself, adopting a strategic and focused five-year plan. This thesis studies the PCRC not only for its working and impact in the evolving process of constitutional reform in the UK, but as a case study assessment of House of Commons Select Committees more widely. It considers the strengthened and more wide-reaching role that a Select Committee was able to perform during the 2010-15 Parliament, especially with respect to the development of public policy both in terms of scrutiny of Government action and proposals and the initiation of its own policy ideas and proposals. Conclusions are drawn about the aims, quality and effectiveness of the Committee’s work, particularly in influencing government and parliamentary thinking on constitutional affairs, and the legacy of the PCRC is examined. This in-depth case study of the work of the PCRC is the first of its kind to examine this unique Select Committee, and provides an original contribution to a scholarly understanding of the working and impact of the Select Committee system. It serves to identify best practice in working methods and innovations of a Select Committee, and suggests there is scope for some of these working practices to be adopted more widely, adding to the evolving structural reform that has taken place in recent years designed to improve the effectiveness of Select Committees at Westminster.