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Academic literature on the topic 'Ion clouds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ion clouds"

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Tamura, M., T. Nagata, S. Sato, M. Tanaka, N. Kaifu, J. Hough, I. McLean, I. Gatley, R. Garden, and M. McCaughrean. "Magnetic Field Structure in Dark Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 115 (1987): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900094808.

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The magnetic field geometry in the central regions of two dark clouds has been mapped by measuring the polarization at 2.2 μm of background stars and of stars embedded in the clouds. The observations were done with the Kyoto polarimeter on the Agematsu 1m IR telescope in December 1984 for Heiles Cloud 2 in the Taurus dark cloud complex, and on the UKIRT 3.8m in May and July 1985 for the ρ Ophiuchus dark cloud core. The main results are: i)Most of the stars in both regions show polarization and their maxima are 2.7% in Heiles Cloud 2 and 7.6% in ρ Oph, respectively. There are similar positive relations between polarization degree and extinct ion Av's.ii)The distribution of position angles for Heiles Cloud 2 shows a single mode at about 50° and that for ρ Oph shows a bimode, at about 50° and 150°.iii)The magnetic fields, as delineated by the infrared polarization, appear perpendicular to the flattened elongations of the molecular clouds.

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Baum, Carl E. "Motion of Ion Clouds in Air." Electromagnetics 7, no. 3-4 (January 1987): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726348708908185.

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Smith, David. "The ion chemistry of interstellar clouds." Chemical Reviews 92, no. 7 (November 1992): 1473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00015a001.

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Nikolic, S. "HCO+ in dark molecular clouds." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 175 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0775001n.

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Formyl ion is one of the most important molecules, and primary molecular ion to be found in molecular clouds. This paper reviews chemical pathways of formation and destruction of the molecule, as well as its use as a tool in the study of dark molecular clouds.

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Zhou, Limin, and Brian A. Tinsley. "Global Circuit Model with Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 1143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3208.1.

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Abstract Cloud data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) database have been introduced into the global circuit model developed by Tinsley and Zhou. Using the cloud-top pressure data and cloud type information, the authors have estimated the cloud thickness for each type of cloud. A treatment of the ion pair concentration in the cloud layer that depends on the radii and concentration of the cloud droplets is used to evaluate the reduction of conductivity in the cloud layer. The conductivities within typical clouds are found to be in the range of 2%–5% of that of cloud-free air at the same altitude, for the range of altitudes for typical low clouds to typical high clouds. The global circuit model was used to determine the increase in columnar resistance of each grid element location for various months in years of high and low volcanic and solar activity, taking into account the observed fractional cloud cover for different cloud types and thickness in each location. For a single 5° × 5° grid element in the Indian Ocean, for example, with the observed fractional cloud cover amounts for low, middle, and high clouds each near 20%, the ionosphere-to-surface column resistance increased by about 10%. (For 100%, fraction—that is, uniformly overcast conditions—for each of the cloud types, the increase depends on the cloud height and thickness and is about a factor of 10 for each of the lower-level clouds in this example and a factor of 2 for the cirrus cloud.) It was found that treating clouds, in the fraction of each grid element in which they were present, as having zero conductivity made very little difference to the results. The increase in global total resistance for the global ensemble of columns in the ionosphere–earth return path in the global circuit was about 10%, applicable to the several solar and volcanic activity conditions, but this is probably an upper limit, in light of the unavailability of data on subkilometer breaks in cloud cover.

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Zhou, Xiaoyu, Xinwei Liu, Wenbo Cao, Xiao Wang, Ming Li, Haoxue Qiao, and Zheng Ouyang. "Study of In-Trap Ion Clouds by Ion Trajectory Simulations." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 29, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-017-1814-9.

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Høymork, S. H., M. Yamauchi, Y. Ebihara, Y. Narita, O. Norberg, and D. Winningham. "Dense ion clouds of 0.1 − 2 keV ions inside the CPS-region observed by Astrid-2." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2001): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-621-2001.

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Abstract. Data from the Astrid-2 satellite taken between April and July 1999 show several examples of dense ion clouds in the 0.1–2 keV energy range inside the inner mag-netosphere, both in the northern and southern hemispheres. These inner magnetospheric ion clouds are found predomi-nantly in the early morning sector, suggesting that they could have originated from substorm-related ion injections on the night side. However, their location and density show no cor-relation with Kp, and their energy-latitude dispersion is not easily reproduced by a simple particle drift model. There-fore, these ion clouds are not necessarily caused by substorm-related ion injections. Alternative explanations for the ion clouds are the direct solar wind injections and up-welling ions from the other hemisphere. These explanations do not, however, account for all of the observations.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles, trapped; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; storm and substorms)

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Siemers, I., R. Blatt, Th Sauter, and W. Neuhauser. "Dynamics of ion clouds in Paul traps." Physical Review A 38, no. 10 (November 1, 1988): 5121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.5121.

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Gnat, Orly, Amiel Sternberg, and Christopher F. McKee. "METAL-ION ABSORPTION IN CONDUCTIVELY EVAPORATING CLOUDS." Astrophysical Journal 718, no. 2 (July 14, 2010): 1315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/718/2/1315.

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Cohen, R. H., A. Friedman, M. Kireeff Covo, S. M. Lund, A. W. Molvik, F. M. Bieniosek, P. A. Seidl, J. L. Vay, P. Stoltz, and S. Veitzer. "Simulating electron clouds in heavy-ion accelerators." Physics of Plasmas 12, no. 5 (May 2005): 056708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1882292.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ion clouds"

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Donald, Charles. "Development of an ion trap quantum information processor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365800.

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Lunney, Matthew David Norwood. "The phase space volume of ion clouds in Paul traps." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39462.

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A new technique is presented for measuring the spatial and momentum distributions of a buffer-gas cooled ion cloud in a Paul trap by extracting it from the trap and fitting the time profile of the extracted ion signal. A thermodynamic model based on the Gibbs distribution has been developed which describes the initial ion cloud phase space volume and fits the measured time distributions of the extracted cloud using only one parameter: temperature. A time-of-flight system has been built to systematically vary the ion extraction conditions and compare predictions of the model to various measurements of the ion cloud time profile. A new numerical method using a multipole expansion was developed to compute the extraction fields. Agreement between the ion simulations and the time-of-flight data is better than 2% of the total flight time.
Ion cloud temperatures were measured for seven different trap loadings of potassium ions and four loadings of sodium ions, in both cases down to clouds of about 1000 ions. This is the first time that temperature measurements have been made for such small numbers of buffer-gas cooled ions. The results show that the temperature of the ions above the buffer gas temperature appears to be proportional to the two-thirds power of the number of ions in the cloud.
Dynamic manipulation of the extracted ion cloud phase space volume was also accomplished using a time-varying acceleration voltage to change the ion cloud energy spread in flight.
A concept is also outlined to measure the detailed phase space area of the extracted cloud using the projection-slice theorem of tomographic imaging.
These measurements have applications for the use of ion traps as beam collectors for nuclear physics experiments at isotope separator facilities and possibly for nano-circuit fabrication.

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Cazan, Radu Mircea [Verfasser]. "Preparation of cold Mg+ ion clouds for sympathetic cooling of highly charged ions at SPECTRAP / Radu Mircea Cazan." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021243302/34.

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Petrie, Simon Antony Hudson. "A selected-ion flow tube study of some gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of potential relevance to the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7253.

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Results are reported for the studies of several systems of ion-molecule reactions of potential relevance to the chemistry of interstellar clouds. Measurements were obtained using a selected-ion flow tube operated at room temperature (300 ± 5 K) and using helium buffer gas at a pressure of 0.30 ± 0.01 Torr. The proton affinities of C₄H₂ and C₂N₂ were determined by measurement of the rate coefficients for forward and reverse proton transfer reactions involving compounds of similar proton affinity. The results obtained were P A(C₂N₂) = 674 ± 4 kJ mol-¹ and PA(C₄H₂) = 741 ± 4 kJ mol-¹: this latter quantity is significantly below the literature value, based on an earlier measurement obtained from ICR bracketing. Isomerism of the ions C₂N⁺, C₃N⁺, CHN⁺ and CH₂N⁺ was investigated, using reactivity with various neutrals to distinguish between isomers. The ions CCN⁺/CNC⁺ and CCCN⁺/c-C₃N⁺ were distinguished on the basis of their reactivity with H₂: in both instances, the isomer featuring a terminal N atom reacted rapidly while the other isomer was unreactive. Identification of the isomers HCN⁺/HNC⁺ was complicated by the occurrence of tautomerisation of HCN⁺ to the more stable isomer HNC⁺ by the mechanism of 'forth and back' proton transfer which occurred with several neutral reagents: reaction with CF₄ was subsequently used to distinguish between these isomers, since HCN⁺ reacted rapidly with CF₄ while HNC⁺ was unreactive. The reactions of all of these isomeric systems were examined with several neutrals abundant in interstellar clouds. The ions HCNH⁺ and CNH₂⁺ could not be distinguished on the basis of reactivity with the neutrals surveyed: we cannot exclude the possibility that only one of these isomers, HCNH⁺, was formed using the ion producing methods used. The reactivity of several ions C₃HnN⁺ (n = 1 → 4) and C₃HnO⁺ (n = 0 → 3), with various neutrals, was investigated to ascertain the importance of these ions in the interstellar synthesis of acrylonitrile, tricarbon monoxide and propynal. Several ion-molecule reactions of CH₂CHCN were also studied to this end. The results indicate that C₃HnN⁺ (n > 0) and C₃HnO⁺ (n > 0) are unreactive with the most prominent cloud constituents H₂ and CO; thus dissociative recombination of these ions should represent a significant source of the target molecules. Several ion-molecule reactions of the types X⁺ + CH₂HCN, and C₃nN⁺ + X, produce ions which, on dissociative recombination, are expected to yield cyanopolyynes and cyclopropenylidene. Several reactions of the C₃HnO+ ions suggest pathways to higher-order polycarbon monoxides and dioxides. The reactivity of the molecular ions of C₂N₂, C₄N₂ and C₃0₂ have also been studied, to gauge the likely consequences of reactions of such ions within interstellar clouds. The thermochemistry of the reaction HCN⁺ + CF4₄ → CF₃⁺ + HF + CN is explored with regard to the proposal that this reaction may be 'entropy-driven'. The interstellar significance of a novel class of neutral-neutral reactions has been considered. The reactivity of the ions C₄Hn⁺ (n = 0 → 4), C₃HnN⁺ (n = 0 → 4), and C₃HnO⁺ (n = 0 → 3) with the neutrals H₂, CO, C₂H₂ and HCN is discussed in greater detail. Previous studies have determined that ions featuring linear carbon-chain skeletons are more reactive with H₂ and with CO if they feature 'bare' (non-hydrogenated) terminal carbon atoms: the present study suggests that ions with bare terminal C atoms are also more reactive than ions where the terminal atom is N or 0 rather than C. This observation may be explained by the degree of carbene character evident in such ions. These results are also discussed with reference to the predominance of very highly unsaturated linear molecules within interstellar clouds.

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Steinmann, Jochen [Verfasser], and Günter [Gutachter] Zwicknagel. "Analytical and numerical investigations of resistive cooling of trapped ion clouds / Jochen Steinmann ; Gutachter: Günter Zwicknagel." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117220524/34.

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Young, Gillian. "Understanding the nucleation of ice particles in polar clouds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-the-nucleation-of-ice-particles-in-polar-clouds(4f80f81b-ed06-480a-944b-6e3594ba8471).html.

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Arctic clouds are poorly represented in numerical models due to the complex, small-scale interactions which occur within them. Modelled cloud fractions are often significantly less than observed in this region; therefore, the radiative budget is not accurately simulated and forecasts of the melting cryosphere are fraught with uncertainty. Our ability to accurately model Arctic clouds can be improved through observational studies. Recent in situ airborne measurements from the springtime Aerosol-Cloud Coupling and Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign are presented in this thesis to improve our understanding of the cloud microphysical interactions unique to this region. Aerosol-cloud interactions - where aerosol particles act as ice nucleating particles (INPs) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) - are integral to the understanding of clouds on a global scale. In the Arctic, uncertainties caused by our poor understanding of these interactions are enhanced by strong feedbacks between clouds, the boundary layer, and the sea ice. In the Arctic spring, aerosol-cloud interactions are affected by the Arctic haze, where a stable boundary layer allows aerosol particles to remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time. This leads to a heightened state of mixing in the aerosol population, which affects the ability of particles to act as INPs or CCN. Aerosol particle compositional data are presented to indicate which particles are present during the ACCACIA campaign, and infer how they may participate in aerosol-cloud interactions. Mineral dusts (known INPs) are identified in all flights considered, and the dominating particle classes in each case vary with changing air mass history. Mixed particles, and an enhanced aerosol loading, are identified in the final case. Evidence is presented which suggests these characteristics may be attributed to biomass burning activities in Siberia and Scandinavia. Additionally, in situ airborne observations are presented to investigate the relationship between the Arctic atmosphere and the mixed-phase clouds - containing both liquid cloud droplets and ice crystals - common to this region. Cloud microphysical structure responds strongly to changing surface conditions, as strong heat and moisture fluxes from the comparatively-warm ocean promote more turbulent motion in the boundary layer than the minimal heat fluxes from the frozen sea ice. Observations over the transition from sea ice to ocean show that the cloud liquid water content increases four-fold, whilst ice crystal number concentrations, N_ice, remain consistent at ~0.5/L. Following from this study, large eddy simulations are used to illustrate the sensitivity of cloud structure, evolution, and lifetime to N_ice. To accurately model mixed-phase conditions over sea ice, marginal ice, and ocean, ice nucleation must occur under water-saturated conditions. Ocean-based clouds are found to be particularly sensitive to N_ice, as small decreases in N_ice allow glaciating clouds to be sustained, with mixed-phase conditions, for longer. Modelled N_ice also influences precipitation development over the ocean, with either snow or rain depleting the liquid phase of the simulated cloud.

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Axelsson, Markus, and Oskar Lundgren. "Raytelligent Cloud." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33567.

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I dagens samhälle blir fler och fler enheter uppkopplade mot Internet vilket kan ge en annars begränsad hårdvara möjlighet att genomföra större beräkningar. Detta projekt avser att skapa ett system som hanterar en användares radarenheter i ett molnbaserat system. Systemet erbjuder även möjligheten att ladda upp användarens egna applikationer vilka använder data från radarenheten, körs på virtuella maskiner och vid behov har möjlighet att skicka notiser till användarens mobila applikationer. För att underlätta utveckling har systemet delats upp i tre delsystem. Dessa är radarenhet, molntjänst och mobilapplikation. Projektet resulterade i ett komplett system med en webbapplikation som erbjuder användaren möjlighet att registrera sina radarenheter, ladda upp källkod som kompileras och körs på en molntjänst samt möjlighet att skicka notiser till en mobilapplikation.
Todays age sees more and more devices connected to the internet providing otherwise quite limited hardware with the ability to perform more complex calculations. This project aims to create a system for managing a users radar devices using a cloud platform. The system also provides the ability for the user to upload their own custom applications which can make use of data provided by the radar device, run on virtual machines and if required have the ability to push notifications to the users mobile applications. To simplify the system development, it has been divided into three separate subsystems, specifically the radar device, the cloud service and the mobile application. The result of the project is a complete system with a web application which provides the user with the ability to register their radar device(s), upload source code which is compiled and run on the cloud platform and the ability to send push notices to a mobile application.

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Chang, Ouliang. "Numerical Simulation of Ion-Cyclotron Turbulence Generated by Artificial Plasma Cloud Release." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34018.

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Possibilities of generating plasma turbulence to provide control of space weather processes have been of particular interest in recent years. Such turbulence can be created by chemical released into a magnetized background plasma. The released plasma clouds are heavy ions which have ring velocity distribution and large free energy to drive the turbulence. An electromagnetic hybrid (fluid electrons and particle ions) model incorporating electron inertia is developed to study the generation and nonlinear evolution of this turbulence. Fourier pseudo-spectral methods are combined with finite difference methods to solve the electron momentum equations. Time integration is accomplished by a 4th-order Runge-Kutta scheme or predicator-corrector method. The numerical results show good agreement with theoretical prediction as well as provide further insights on the nonlinear turbulence evolution. Initially the turbulence lies near harmonics of the ring plasma ion cyclotron frequency and propagates nearly perpendicular to the background magnetic field as predicted by the linear theory. If the amplitude of the turbulence is sufficiently large, the quasi-electrostatic short wavelength ion cyclotron waves evolve nonlinearly into electromagnetic obliquely propagating shear Alfven waves with much longer wavelength. The results indicate that ring densities above a few percent of the background plasma density may produce wave amplitudes large enough for such an evolution to occur. The extraction of energy from the ring plasma may be in the range of 10-15% with a generally slight decrease in the magnitude as the ring density is increased from a few percent to several 10's of percent of the background plasma density. Possibilities to model the effects of nonlinear processes on energy extraction by introducing electron anomalous resistivity are also addressed. Suitability of the nonlinearly generated shear Alfven waves for applications to scattering radiation belt particles is discussed.
Master of Science

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Martello, Rosanna. "Cloud storage and processing of automotive Lithium-ion batteries data for RUL prediction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Lithium-ion batteries are the ideal choice for electric and hybrid vehicles, but the high cost and the relatively short life represent an open issue for automotive industries. For this reason, the estimation of battery Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and the State of Health (SoH) are primary goals in the automotive sector. Cloud computing provides all the resources necessary to store, process and analyze all sensor data coming from connected vehicles in order to develop Predictive Maintenance tasks. This project describes the work done during my internship at FEV Italia s.r.l. The aims were designing an architecture for managing the data coming from a vehicle fleet and developing algorithms able to predict the SoH and the RUL of Lithium-ion batteries. The designed architecture is based on three Amazon Web Services: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Amazon Simple Storage Service and Amazon Relational Database Service. After data processing and the feature extraction, the RUL and SoH estimations are performed by training two Neural Networks.

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Gamelin, Alexis. "Collective effects in a transient microbunching regime and ion cloud mitigation in ThomX." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS276/document.

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La thèse est axée sur l'étude des effets collectifs dans un anneau de stockage d'électrons de 50 MeV, ThomX, en l'absence d'amortissement synchrotron et d’adaptation longitudinale. Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties distinctes. La première partie correspond à la conception du modèle d'impédance (champ de sillage géométrique, résistif et rayonnement synchrotron cohérent) de l'anneau de stockage afin de simuler la dynamique faisceau. Le modèle d'impédance géométrique de l'anneau de stockage a été obtenu par la simulation des éléments individuels et a été vérifié en utilisant des mesures RF sur des prototypes. Le rayonnement synchrotron cohérent a été simulé en tenant compte d'une chambre à vide rectangulaire. Des simulations de la dynamique faisceau, de la cathode de canon RF à l'anneau de stockage, comprenant les effets collectifs sont présentées. Les simulations sont utilisées pour optimiser la dynamique faisceau dans l'anneau de stockage dans le régime de micro-paquet. La deuxième partie concerne l'étude du nuage d'ions produit par l'ionisation des molécules du vide résiduel et l'optimisation des techniques de nettoyage des ions. Les points d'accumulation longitudinaux des ions et le piégeage dans les champs magnétiques sont tous les deux étudiés analytiquement et en utilisant un programme développé à cet effet. Les électrodes de nettoyage et les espaces de nettoyages sont simulés et optimisés en utilisant ce code et la stratégie choisie pour la limitation des effets induits par les ions est décrite. Enfin, les effets de la multi-ionisation et de la dissociation ionique sont pris en compte et l'effet des ions sur le faisceau d'électrons est estimé
The thesis is focused on the study of collective effects in a 50 MeV electron storage ring, ThomX, in the absence of synchrotron radiation damping and of longitudinal matching. This thesis is divided in two distinct parts. The first part corresponds to the design of the impedance model (geometric and resistive wakefields, coherent synchrotron radiation) of the storage ring in order to simulate the beam dynamics. The geometric impedance model of the storage ring was obtained via simulation of the individual elements and was checked using wire measurements on prototypes. The coherent synchrotron radiation was simulated taking into account a rectangular vacuum chamber. Beam dynamics simulations, from the RF gun cathode to the storage ring, including collective effects are presented. The simulations are used to optimise the beam dynamics in the storage ring in the micro-bunching regime. The second part is the study of the ion cloud produced by the ionisation of the residual vacuum molecules and the optimisation of the ion clearing techniques. The longitudinal ion accumulation points and the trapping in magnetic fields are both studied analytically and by using a tracking code developed for this purpose. Clearing electrodes and clearing gaps are simulated and optimised using this code and the strategy chosen for the limitation of ion induced effects is described. Finally, the effect of multi-ionisation and ion dissociation is taken into account and the ion effect on the electron beam is estimated

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Books on the topic "Ion clouds"

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Workshop on Ion-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (2001 Geneva, Switzerland). Workshop on Ion-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-20 April 2001 : proceedings. Edited by Kirkby J and European Organization for Nuclear Research. Geneva, Switzerland: CERN, 2001.

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Galvin, Matthew. Clouds and clocks: A story for children who soil. New York: Magination Press, 1989.

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Hessell, Jenny. Clouds. Santa Rosa, CA: SRA School Group, 1994.

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Parks, Stephen Alan. Clouds. Burleson, Tex: Poetry Pals, 1998.

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Taylor, Richard S. Skies & clouds. London: Collins & Brown, 2003.

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Parrott, Leslie L. Marshmallow clouds. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zonderkidz, 2003.

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Susan, Hill. The service of clouds. London: Chatto & Windus, 1998.

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Susan, Hill. The service of clouds. London: Vintage, 1999.

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Falconer, Delia. The service of clouds. New York: Picador, 1999.

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The service of clouds. New York: Picador, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ion clouds"

1

Ferguson, Eldon E. "Ion Molecule Reactions in Interstellar Molecular Clouds." In Molecular Astrophysics, 471–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5432-8_19.

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Hou, Jidong, Yiqiu Wang, and Donghai Yang. "A Statistic Model for Ion Clouds in Paul Traps." In Frontiers of Laser Physics and Quantum Optics, 449–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07313-1_41.

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Turner, B. E., John Bally, T. Amano, S. Lee, and P. A. Feldman. "New observational tests of ion-molecule chemistry: HC3NH+ and PN." In Molecular Clouds in the Milky Way and External Galaxies, 172–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-50438-9_257.

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Blatt, R., I. Siemers, M. Schubert, T. Sauter, and W. Neuhauser. "Kinetic Energy and Spatial Distribution of Ion Clouds in Paul Traps." In Frequency Standards and Metrology, 453–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74501-0_94.

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Sauter, Th, W. Neuhauser, R. Blatt, and P. E. Toschek. "Quantum Jumps and Related Phenomena of Single Ions and Small Ion Clouds." In Laser Spectroscopy VIII, 121–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47973-4_32.

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Venzac, Hervé, Karine Sellegri, and Paolo Laj. "The Effect of Clouds on Ion Clusters and Aerosol Nucleation at 1,465 m a.s.l." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 354–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_72.

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Chard, Kyle, and Simon Caton. "Social Clouds: Crowdsourcing Cloud Infrastructure." In Progress in IS, 191–217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47011-4_11.

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Morcrette, J. J., CH Jakob, and J. Teixeira. "Clouds and Cloud Water Prediction." In Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System, 263–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4046-1_10.

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Rossow, William B. "Properties of Clouds and Cloud Systems." In Radiation and Water in the Climate System, 193–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03289-3_9.

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Sulistio, Anthony, Christoph Reich, and Frank Doelitzscher. "Cloud Infrastructure & Applications – CloudIA." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 583–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10665-1_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ion clouds"

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Chutov, Yu I. "Ion Acoustic Shocks in Dust Clouds." In NEW VISTAS IN DUSTY PLASMAS: Fourth International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2134611.

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Gennadi, Milinevsky P., A. M. Evtushevsky, S. N. Zaitsev, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and A. I. Kashirin. "Ion clouds in CRRES Caribbean barium releases campaign as tracers of ionosphere processes." In High Latitude Optics, edited by Sergej Leontyev. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.164824.

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Coudreau, T., F. Grosshans, S. Guibal, and L. Guidoni. "Towards a new medium for quantum information light-matter interface: The large trapped-ion clouds." In 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2006.4628963.

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Nagorskiy, Petr M., Vladimir N. Morozov, Konstantin N. Pustovalov, and Maria V. Oglezneva. "Variations of Light Ion Concentrations in The Surface Atmosphere During The Passage of Convectiv e Clouds." In 2019 Russian Open Conference on Radio Wave Propagation (RWP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rwp.2019.8810352.

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Pugliese, Roland, Thomas Konrad, René Zweigel, and Dirk Abel. "Object Detection and Potential Field-based Trajectory Planning on LiDAR 3D-Point Clouds for UAV in Uncertain Environments." In 32nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2019). Institute of Navigation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2019.17094.

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Jiang, Haobo, Jianjun Qian, Jin Xie, and Jian Yang. "Planning with Learned Dynamic Model for Unsupervised Point Cloud Registration." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/107.

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Point cloud registration is a fundamental problem in 3D computer vision. In this paper, we cast point cloud registration into a planning problem in reinforcement learning, which can seek the transformation between the source and target point clouds through trial and error. By modeling the point cloud registration process as a Markov decision process (MDP), we develop a latent dynamic model of point clouds, consisting of a transformation network and evaluation network. The transformation network aims to predict the new transformed feature of the point cloud after performing a rigid transformation (i.e., action) on it while the evaluation network aims to predict the alignment precision between the transformed source point cloud and target point cloud as the reward signal. Once the dynamic model of the point cloud is trained, we employ the cross-entropy method (CEM) to iteratively update the planning policy by maximizing the rewards in the point cloud registration process. Thus, the optimal policy, i.e., the transformation between the source and target point clouds, can be obtained via gradually narrowing the search space of the transformation. Experimental results on ModelNet40 and 7Scene benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can yield good registration performance in an unsupervised manner.

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Bobkowska, Katarzyna, Adam Inglot, Marek Przyborski, Jedrzej Sieniakowski, and Paweł Tysiac. "Low-Level Aerial Photogrammetry as a Source of Supplementary Data for ALS Measurements." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.168.

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The development of laser scanning technology ALS allows to make high-resolution measurements for large areas result-ing in significant reduction of costs. The main stakeholders at heights data received from the airborne laser scanning is mainly state administration. The state institutions appear among projects such as ISOK. Each point is classified in ac-cordance with the standard LAS 1.2, our research focuses on the class 6 – buildings. In the project ISOK, the buildings are not measured in whole (from every side). A typical way to measure the missing elements is to increase the coverage of the cross and additional raids which unfortunately increases the cost measurements. An alternative solution density point clouds ALS is the use of optical scanning and UAV. The article shows the process of density the point clouds coming from ALS using point cloud obtained through optical scanning. The methods that illustrate the process of compaction data format LAS using the following methods: point cloud having field coordinates in the system compatible with the system of clouds acquired with ALS, point cloud in the local system, point cloud in the local system without the scale. The file size, depending on the density of the point cloud was analyzed.

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Zhang, Mingshao, Zhou Zhang, Sven K. Esche, and Constantin Chassapis. "Algorithm Modification Approach to Improve the Kinect’s Performance in Point Cloud Processing." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37064.

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Since its introduction in 2010, Microsoft’s Kinect input device for game consoles and computers has shown its great potential in a large number of applications, including game development, research and education. Many of these implementations are still in the prototype stages and exhibit a somewhat limited performance. These limitations are mainly caused by the quality of the point clouds generated by the Kinect, which include limited range, high dependency on surface properties, shadowing, low depth accuracy, etc. One of the Kinect’s most significant limitations is the low accuracy and high error associated with its point cloud. The severity of these defects varies with the points’ locations in the Kinect’s camera coordinate system. The available traditional algorithms for processing point clouds are based on the same assumption that input point clouds are perfect and have the same characteristics throughout the entire point cloud. In the first part of this paper, the Kinect’s point cloud properties (including resolution, depth accuracy, noise level and error) and their dependency on the point pixel location will be systematically studied. Second, the Kinect’s calibration, both by hardware and software approaches, will be explored and methods for improving the quality of its output point clouds will be identified. Then, modified algorithms adapted to the Kinect’s unique properties will be introduced. This method allows to better judge the output point cloud properties in a quantifiable manner and then to modify traditional computer vision algorithms by adjusting their assumptions regarding the input cloud properties to the actual parameters of the Kinect. Finally, the modified algorithms will be tested in a prototype application, which shows that the Kinect does have the potential for successful usage in educational applications if the according algorithms are design properly.

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Peng, Tao, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "A Computational Framework for Point Cloud Construction Using Digital Projection Patterns." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99553.

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Many reverse engineering and inspection applications require generation of point clouds representing faces of physical objects. This paper describes a computational framework for constructing point clouds using digital projection patterns. The basic principle behind the approach is to project known patterns on the object using a digital projector. A digital camera is then used to take images of the object with the known projection patterns imposed on it. Due to the presence of 3-D faces of the object, the projection patterns appear distorted in the images. The images are analyzed to construct the 3-D point cloud that is capable of introducing the observed distortions in the images. The approach described in this paper presents three advances over the previously developed approaches. First, it is capable of working with the projection patterns that have variable fringe widths and curved fringes and hence can provide improved accuracy. Second, our algorithm minimizes the number of images needed for creating the 3-D point cloud. Finally, we use a hybrid approach that uses a combination of reference plane images and estimated system parameters to construct the point cloud. This approach provides good run-time computational performance and simplifies the system calibration.

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Zhang, Zihao, Lei Hu, Xiaoming Deng, and Shihong Xia. "Sequential 3D Human Pose Estimation Using Adaptive Point Cloud Sampling Strategy." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/184.

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3D human pose estimation is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence, and it has wide applications in AR/VR, HCI and robotics. However, human pose estimation from point clouds still suffers from noisy points and estimated jittery artifacts because of handcrafted-based point cloud sampling and single-frame-based estimation strategies. In this paper, we present a new perspective on the 3D human pose estimation method from point cloud sequences. To sample effective point clouds from input, we design a differentiable point cloud sampling method built on density-guided attention mechanism. To avoid the jitter caused by previous 3D human pose estimation problems, we adopt temporal information to obtain more stable results. Experiments on the ITOP dataset and the NTU-RGBD dataset demonstrate that all of our contributed components are effective, and our method can achieve state-of-the-art performance.

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Reports on the topic "Ion clouds"

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Aziz U. I. Electron Clouds in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061819.

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Iriso U. and S. Peggs. Maps for Coupled Electron and Ion Clouds in Accelerators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061802.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531259.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions In Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532783.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541857.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada575522.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574045.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557114.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Aerosol-Cloud-Drizzle-Turbulence Interactions in Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598037.

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Kogan, Yefim L. Midlatitude Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Feedbacks in Marine Boundary Layer Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532932.

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