Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iodine supplementation

Academic literature on the topic 'Iodine supplementation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Iodine supplementation"

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Belykh, Nataliya Anatoliyevna, and Marina Yevgeniyevna Mamenko. "Evaluation of different methods of iodine prophylaxis in infants in the region of mild iodine deficiency." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped4394-100.

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Aim: To evaluate of the effectiveness of different methods of iodine prophylaxis in infants. Materials and Methods: The dynamic monitoring of pregnant and lactating mothers and their infants with iodine supplementation (potassium iodine, iodized salt) and without it. Results: Lack of antenatal iodine supplementation leads to a complicated course of the perinatal period, an increase of frequency of gestational hypothyroxinemia and neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia. Infants without iodine prophylaxis have higher levels of TSH and lower content of fT4. Conclusion: The most effective method of iodine supplementation in infants is individual iodine prophylaxis with potassium iodide in pregnant and lactating mother.
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Delange, Fran??ois, and Pierre Lecomte. "Iodine Supplementation." Drug Safety 22, no. 2 (2000): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200022020-00001.

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Pharoah, P. O. "Iodine-supplementation trials." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 276S—279S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.2.276s.

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Liesenkötter, Klaus Peter, Wolfgang Göpel, Ulrich Bogner, Barbara Stach, and Annette Grüters. "Earliest prevention of endemic goiter by iodine supplementation during pregnancy." European Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 4 (April 1996): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1340443.

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Liesenkötter KP, Göpel W, Bogner U, Stach B, Grüters A. Earliest prevention of endemic goiter by iodine supplementation during pregnancy. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:443–8. ISSN 0804–4643 During pregnancy complex changes of maternal thyroid function occur and they are influenced by the maternal iodine supply. It has been demonstrated that with decreasing iodine supply maternal goiter and hypothyroxinemia as well as fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism become more prevalent. Therefore iodine supplementation during pregnancy is now strongly recommended also in areas of moderate iodine deficiency. To monitor the success of iodine supplementation and its theoretical risk of increasing the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies, we have investigated the thyroid volume, thyroid function, urinary iodine excretion and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase at 10–12 weeks of gestation and postpartum in 38 mothers receiving 300 μg potassium iodide/day and in 70 mothers without iodine supplementation. In all of their newborns thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound. The thyrotropin (TSH) levels and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO-ab) in the neonates were measured in dried blood spots on filter paper from their newborn screening. Urinary iodine excretion was increased significantly after iodine supplementation in mothers (p < 0.001) and their newborns (<0.05). No hypo- or hyperthyroidism was observed in the mothers or newborns. Interestingly, no difference of maternal thyroid volumes was observed between the two groups after pregnancy, but the volumes of the thyroid glands in newborns of mothers who received iodine were significantly (p < 0.004) lower (0.7 ± 0.4 ml) than in the control group (1.5 ± 1.1 ml). There was no change in the frequency of TPO-ab in either group after pregnancy. In four mothers transplacental passage of these antibodies was documented by positive measurement in the blood sample of the newborn. This study documents that iodine supplementation during pregnancy in an area of moderate iodine deficiency results in a lower size of neonatal thyroid volume and that this supplementation was not accompanied by an increase in the frequency of TPO-ab. Klaus Peter Liesenkötter, Kinderklinik Kaiserin Auguste Victoria Haus (KAVH), Virchow-Klinikum der Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Heubnerweg 6, 14059 Berlin, Germany
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Vasiljev, Vanja, Alen Subotić, Mihaela Marinović Glavić, Denis Juraga, Lovorka Bilajac, Bojan Jelaković, and Tomislav Rukavina. "Overview of Iodine Intake." Southeastern European medical journal 6, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26332/seemedj.v6i1.241.

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Iodine is an essential element for human health. Food is the primary source of iodine, but the iodine content of local foods depends on the iodine content of the soil. Therefore, a low iodine concentration in soil and water results in plants and animals with low iodine content. Numerous effects of iodine deficiency on growth and development are known as iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency has been identified as the most common cause of brain damage in the world and is linked to its effects on infant and child growth and development. Supplementation of table salt with iodine was introduced in the 20th century. Croatia was one of the first countries to introduce the supplementation of table salt with potassium iodide at a concentration of 10 mg/kg in 1953 and 25 mg/kg in 1993. In 2003, the Croatian population reached iodine sufficiency, but given the excessive salt intake (11.6 g/day) and additional sources of iodine in the diet, the question arises, are we consuming too much iodine? This article gives a short overview of iodine intake.
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Azizi, Fereidoun, Lida Navai, and Farid Fattahi. "Goiter Prevalence, Urinary Iodine Excretion, Thyroid Function and Anti-Thyroid Antibodies after 12 Years of Salt Iodization in Shahriar, Iran." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.5.291.

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Objective: In a previous study in 1983, goiter was found to be endemic in Shahriar, Iran. Iodized salt has been distributed in the region for the past 12 years, and the present study was performed to examine the effect of iodide supplementation on indicators of iodine deficiency (IDD) and thyroid antibodies. Design & Methods: A total of 3164 people, 58% women and 42% men, were selected by random sampling from the Shahriar area. Goiter was staged according to World Health Organization guidelines. Urinary iodine was measured by a digestion method, and thyroid hormone measurements were done by radioimmunoassay. The results were compared with those of 1983. Results: Goiter prevalence before and after iodine supplementation was 50 and 40% in men, 70 and 51% in women, and 60 and 47% in the whole community, respectively (p < 0.001). A decrease in the prevalence of goiter was observed especially in younger individuals. The mean urinary iodine excretion was 7.6 and 18.5 mug/dL, before and after iodine supplementation. In 1983, the urinary iodine in 47.5% of the population studied was between 2 to 5 mug/dL, while in 1995, 65% of the population studied had urinary iodine between 10 to 25 mug/dL, 12 years after iodine supplementation. Mean serum T4, T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were normal before and after intervention. There was no significant change in occurrence of positive antibodies, or of hypo-and hyperthyroidism, following iodine supplementation. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that the use of iodized salt causes an increase in excreted urinary iodine and a decrease in the prevalence of thyroid goiter, especially in younger age groups,. Consumption of iodized salt with 40 parts per million (ppm) iodine has not caused increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in this area.
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Lopes, Carla A., Susana Prazeres, José Martinez-de-Oliveira, Edward Limbert, and Manuel C. Lemos. "Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Deficient Region: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071393.

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Iodine deficiency is a common problem in pregnant women and may have implications for maternal and child health. Iodine supplementation during pregnancy has been recommended by several scientific societies. We undertook a cross-sectional survey to assess the efficacy of these recommendations in a European iodine-deficient region. Urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) were determined in pregnant women before (n = 203) and after (n = 136) the implementation of guidelines for iodine supplementation in pregnancy. Iodine supplementation (200 μg/day) reduced the proportion of pregnant women with severe iodine deficiency (37.4% to 18.0%, p = 0.0002). The median UIC increased from 67.6 µg/L to 106.8 µg/L but remained below the recommended target level (>150 µg/L) for pregnant women. In conclusion, iodine supplementation in pregnant women improved iodine status in this iodine-deficient region but was insufficient to achieve recommended iodine levels in pregnancy. Additional measures, such as the adjustment of the dose or timing of supplementation, or universal salt iodization, may be needed.
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Ansari, M. Athar, Zulfia Khan, and Ali Jafar Abedi. "Do salt storage practices affect the iodine content of salt? - A school-based study in North India." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i01.022.

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Introduction: In India, IDD has been identified as a public health problem. At present best source for iodine supplementation is iodinated salt in the form of "Iodised Salt" containing potassium iodide (KI) and "Iodated Salt" containing potassium iodate (KIO3). Objectives: To find out salt storage practices in the houses and association of storage practices and iodine content. Methods: From 1st to 5th standard children (age group 6–12 years) were the “sampling units.” The required sample was selected by “Multistage sampling” by doing a sub-sampling. The sample size (N) calculated was 879. However, a total of 950 participants were included in the study. To check on spot salt storage practices, 70 families of school children were visited. The iodine content of salt samples was tested with spot testing kit (STK). Results: Out of 950 students, most of them (92.1%) used to take powdered salt. Out of 915 salt samples, collected, 79.0% samples were iodized and only 16.1% of salt samples had >15 ppm iodine content. Salt was kept in containers in 36 (51.4%) houses, but only 6 (8.7%) families were using airtight containers. The percentage of nil iodine was highest in open packets (35.7%). As the distance of salt storage from chullah increased, the level of iodine content was also improved. Conclusions: School children and their families should be told about the importance of taking adequately iodized salt and to follow correct salt storage practices. Sustained IEC activities should be carried out more vigorously to sensitize the students and community.
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Dardari, Dured, Francois-Xavier Laborne, Caroline Tourte, Elodie Henry, and Alfred Penfornis. "Evaluation of Iodine Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: IODIAB Study." Healthcare 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122388.

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Background: Iodine supplementation is indicated by the French National Authority for Health (HAS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) during pregnancy. This study investigates whether this supplementation is consistently prescribed in line with WHO recommendations in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Method: A total of 99 women with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes were included in the study and were all closely monitored. Results: Only 17 (17.2%) patients received the recommended iodine supplementation. The follow-up, whether conducted by a gynecologist or midwife, did not influence the prescription of iodine supplements. By contrast, 72 (72.7%) of patients received folic acid supplementation. Conclusions: The prescription of iodine supplementation for the pregnant women included in our study is insufficient. Few practitioners seem aware of the recommendations, even when the pregnancy is complicated by gestational diabetes.
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Salarkia, Nahid, Mehdi Hedayati, Parvin Mirmiran, Masood Kimiagar, and Fereidoun Azizi. "Evaluation of the impact of an iodine supplementation programme on severely iodine-deficient schoolchildren with hypothyroidism." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 6 (September 2003): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003471.

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AbstractBackground:Northern rural areas of Tehran have been shown to have severe iodine deficiency in our previous studies. In 1989 the inhabitants of these villages received an injection of iodised oil, followed by iodised salt distribution in 1993. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the iodine supplementation on iodine-deficient schoolchildren with hypothyroidism in these villages.Methods:In total, 571 students aged 6–14 years were studied. Goitre was graded according to the World Health Organization classification. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined using commercial kits, and urinary iodine was measured using a digestion method. The results were compared with data from our previous study in 1989.Results:Total goitre rate decreased by 42% in 1999 compared with that in 1989. A significant decrease in Grade 2 goitre concomitant with an increase in Grade 1 goitre was seen (P < 0.001). Values of the variables studied before (1989) and 10 years after iodine supplementation (1999) were: median urinary iodine excretion, 2.0 vs. 19.0 μg dl−1 (P < 0.001); T4, 6.5 ± 2.0 vs. 8.4 ± 1.6 μg dl−1 (P < 0.001); T3, 177 ± 38.0 vs. 145 ± 29.0 ng dl−1 (P < 0.001); TSH, 10.8 ± 15.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.8 μU ml−1 (P < 0.001). No correlation was found between thyroid hormones and TSH on the one hand, and goitre and urinary iodine, on the other. Serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations were within normal ranges in all schoolchildren in 1999.Conclusion:This study showed that euthyroidism induced by administration of iodised oil in iodine-deficient schoolchildren with hypothyroidism is sustained following the consumption of iodised salt.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iodine supplementation"

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Franke, Katrin [Verfasser], Gabriele Akademischer Betreuer] Stangl, Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Flachowsky, and Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] Dänicke. "Effect of various iodine supplementations and species on the iodine transfer into milk and on serum, urinary and faecal iodine of dairy cows fed rations varying in the glucosinolate content / Katrin Franke. Betreuer: Gabriele Stangl ; Gerhard Flachowsky ; Sven Dänicke." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1024895467/34.

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Hanau, Alicia. "Prenatal iodine supplementation and neurocognitive outcomes in moderately deficient populations." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38665.

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Over the past 100 years, there has been significant progress in limiting the development of iodine deficiency disorders globally. The recognition that congenital cretinism can be eradicated through early iodine supplementation along with the implementation of salt iodination in many countries has substantially decreased the prevalence of severe iodine deficiency. Yet, there are still populations that are mildly iodine deficient, likely due to lack of mandated iodine supplementation programs. While some countries are qualified as iodine sufficient based upon the general population’s median urinary iodine concentration, the sub-population of pregnant women may be mildly to moderately iodine deficient. Thyroid hormone demand increases during gestation to support fetal thyroid function and neurodevelopment. Pregnant women require increased iodine intake during pregnancy to account for this increased demand and to make up for increased renal iodide losses. The American and European Thyroid Associations both recommend that pregnant women in mild to moderately deficient populations take a daily 150mcg iodine supplement while planning a pregnancy, pregnant, and lactating. Studies into the impact of mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy on long-term neurocognitive outcomes of offspring have shown varied results. Some have found that iodine sufficiency or supplementation in pregnancy is associated with higher intelligence quotient scores in offspring. Others have found no significant effect of iodine sufficiency and iodine supplementation on developmental outcomes. This proposal is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study evaluating the effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on long-term neurocognitive outcomes of offspring. The study will be implemented in the mildly iodine deficient population of Southern England. Results from this study will contribute to and likely expand upon the current body of literature. They will also bolster current recommendations for iodine supplementation in pregnancy. In addition, this study may have important public health consequences including discussions around mandatory salt iodization in mild to moderately deficient populations.
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Condo, Dominique. "Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493.

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Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production which is essential for growth and development. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to cognitive impairment, poor growth, congenital abnormalities and in severe situations cretinism. Mild iodine deficiency re-emerged in Australia in the last decade. To address this issue, in 2009 mandatory iodine fortification of bread was implemented and in 2010 routine iodine supplementation in pregnancy was recommended. Since mandatory iodine fortification there has been limited data on the iodine intake and iodine status of Australians, including pregnant women. Intervention trials in iodine deficient populations have shown a higher maternal and infant urine iodine concentration (UIC) in iodine supplemented groups compared to controls, with the effect on thyroid function being less clear. However, no studies have assessed the relationships between maternal iodine intake from food and supplements in pregnancy and maternal or infant iodine status and thyroid function in mildly iodine deficient or sufficient populations. The primary aims of the thesis were to examine the associations between maternal iodine intake/iodine status/thyroid function in pregnancy and markers of maternal and infant iodine status/thyroid function. The secondary aims were to examine the associations between maternal iodine intake/thyroid function in pregnancy and pregnancy/birth outcomes, infant growth and the general health of pregnant and postnatal women. 783 pregnant women in South Australia participated in the study. An iodine specific food frequency questionnaire (I-FFQ) was developed and validated to assess dietary iodine intake at baseline (<20 weeks’ gestation) and 28 weeks’ gestation. Maternal UIC, maternal thyroid function and the general health and wellbeing of pregnant and postpartum women was assessed at baseline, 28 weeks’ gestation and 3 months postpartum. Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) was assessed at birth and 3 months postpartum. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was collected from newborn screening at birth. Pregnancy/birth outcome data and infant anthropometrics at birth were collected from the women’s and infant’s medical records and infant UIC, infant thyroid function and infant growth was measured at 3 months of age. Based on the median UIC, pregnant women in this study were classified as iodine sufficient, both with or without the use of iodine supplements during pregnancy. Maternal iodine intake in pregnancy was positively associated with maternal UIC and BMIC (Chapter 4), while no association was found with maternal thyroid function (Chapter 4), infant UIC, infant thyroid function (Chapter 5) or clinical outcomes (Chapter 6). At 28 weeks’ gestation maternal free triiodothyronine (fT3) was positively associated with infant fT3 at 3 months of age, while maternal fT3 and thyroglobulin (Tg) was inversely associated with infant TSH at 3 months of age (Chapter 5). Furthermore, markers of maternal thyroid function at 28 weeks gestation was associated with the mental and physical health of women at 3 months postpartum as well as the severity of stress at 28 weeks gestation (Chapter 6). In summary, maternal iodine intake in pregnancy is not associated with maternal or infant thyroid function in an iodine sufficient population, although maternal thyroid function at 28 weeks’ gestation is associated with infant thyroid function at 3 months of age and with aspects of the general health and wellbeing of pregnant and postnatal women. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships in populations with various iodine status and their impact on infant development.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, 2015
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Madan, Jagmeet. "The assessment of material iodine status, its relationship with the incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism and the effect of iodine supplementation." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3570.

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KOCÁBOVÁ, Ivana. "Krevní hodnoty ovcí při definovaném příjmu selenu a jodu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55333.

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The theoretical part is concerned with the functional application of selenium and iodine supplementation methods, risks disproportionate to their income, including changes in biochemical and hematological parameters and evaluation methods of adequate saturation. The practical part analyzes the results of experiments on sheep with a defined content of selenium and iodine in the ration evaluation of selected indicators of the metabolic profile of ewes and their lambs. The results are processed statistically. It reflected the dynamics and interactions of monitored parameters.
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Books on the topic "Iodine supplementation"

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Gregory, Mary Lee. Congenital Hypothyroidism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0058.

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Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) results from the effects of insufficient thyroid hormone on the developing fetus and infant, and is characterized by severe intellectual disability and growth inhibition. CH can result from maternal iodine deficiency, which can be abolished by appropriate dietary iodine supplementation. Alternately, CH may be caused by congenital defects of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone biosynthesis abnormalities (primary congenital hypothyroidism), or by “central hypothyroidism,” in which the brain produces insufficient thyroid stimulating hormone. Treatment of these latter etiologies requires administration of thyroid hormone.
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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Guidelines for pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0037.

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If a pregnant woman has not had pre-conception counselling, it is important to ensure as soon as possible in early pregnancy that she understands her nutrient requirements, and what comprises a balanced diet and healthy body composition. The advice should include weight gain goals in pregnancy, a list of unsafe foods, healthy exercise behaviours, and the effects of alcohol and drugs. Energy intake needs in early pregnancy do not increase from pre-pregnancy levels; women should focus on eating well for pregnancy, and not eating more. Specific attention should be paid to intakes of folate, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, and iodine. Glucose status should be monitored in mid-pregnancy. Energy requirements increase in mid- to late pregnancy, but attention should also be paid to the macronutrient balance. If the diet is low in oily fish as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, supplementation should be considered.
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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Guidelines for the pre-conception period. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0036.

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Where possible, pre-conception counselling is desirable for both prospective parents in order to address issues of lifestyle and nutrition so that pregnancy can proceed with the best possible start. If dieting is necessary this should be initiated as far in advance of the pregnancy as possible, because inadequate nutrition around the time of conception can influence the fetal growth trajectory and weight at birth. Regardless of BMI, women should also be encouraged to engage in regular aerobic exercise. Nutritional requirements in the pre-conception period include adequate amounts of oily fish to provide omega-3 fatty acids. All women planning a pregnancy should receive 400 #amp;#x00B5;g of folic acid daily, and vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary, particular for vegetarians. Other vitamins and minerals should be considered, particularly iron and iodine, but most should be obtainable from a balanced diet. Harmful behaviours and environmental exposures should be avoided.
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Book chapters on the topic "Iodine supplementation"

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Taylor, Peter N., and Onyebuchi E. Okosieme. "Iodine Supplementation." In Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Elimination, 121–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49505-7_9.

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Vigneri, R., R. Catalfamo, V. Freni, A. Ippolito, G. L. La Rosa, and C. Regalbuto. "Iodine Supplementation to a Public Water Supply: An Efficient Method for Correcting Iodine Deficiency." In Iodine Deficiency in Europe, 275–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1245-9_31.

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Zimmermann, Michael, Pierre Adou, Toni Torresani, Christophe Zeder, and Richard Hurrell. "Persistence of Goiter Despite Oral Iodine Supplementation in Goitrous Chidren with Iron-Deficiency Anemia in the Côte ’Ivoire." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 587–90. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_189.

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Saxena, Richa. "Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy." In Evidence based Guidelines During Pregnancy for the Obstetricians, 211. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10300_9.

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Berg, Gertrud, and Ernst Nyström. "Effect of Lifelong Iodine Supplementation." In Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine, 763–69. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374135-6.00078-9.

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Lind, Peter, Susanne Kohlfürst, Isabel Igerc, Hans Jürgen Gallowitsch, Martin Heinisch, and Hartmut Aigner. "Iodine Supplementation Fails to Target the Elderly." In Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine, 817–23. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374135-6.00084-4.

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Shan, Zhongyan, Weiping Teng, and Yaxin Lai. "Experimental Studies on the Effect of Excessive Iodine Supplementation on the Thyroid Tissue." In Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine, 877–86. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374135-6.00091-1.

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Lim, Siew, Aya Mousa, Soulmaz Shorakae, and Lisa Moran. "Exogenous Factors and Female Reproductive Health." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e, edited by John A. H. Wass, Wiebke Arlt, and Robert K. Semple, 1401–9. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0168.

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Undernutrition adversely affects fertility. A low body weight is associated with delayed conception. When conception does occur, undernutrition could also adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. Low prepregnancy BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) is associated with increased risk of early miscarriage, preterm labour, anaemia, insufficient weight gain, and impaired intrauterine fetal growth. On the other hand, overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and other complications during pregnancy and delivery. Weight loss through energy restriction, with or without exercise, improves reproductive function in overweight or obese women. Aside from body weight and energy status, maternal macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes before and during pregnancy would also influence pregnancy outcomes. Studies in mostly nutritionally at-risk women reported that balanced energy/protein supplementation (<25% energy from protein) is associated with higher birth weights but high protein supplementation (> 25% energy from protein) may increase the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Reducing glycaemic index or glycaemic load of maternal diet may reduce the risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births or gestational diabetes. In terms of micronutrients, current evidence supports folic acid supplementation (at least 400 µg/day) to reduce the risk of fetal abnormalities, iodine supplementation for women at risk of iodine deficiency to prevent complications in fetal physical and mental development, and iron supplementation to reduce the risk of maternal anaemia where required.
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"Iodine Nutrition Is Required for Thyroid Function and Neurodevelopment: Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy." In Dietary Supplements in Health Promotion, 268–79. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18490-15.

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S.N. Chaitanya, Nyshadham, and Sibani Sahu. "Mineral Deficiencies a Root Cause for Reduced Longevity in Mammals." In Mineral Deficiencies - Genes, Diet and Disease Interface [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94276.

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Metals, inorganic compounds and their elements that act as cofactors for enzymes that play an essential role in various biological processes constitute mineral nutrients. Their primary source is soil and enters the climax consumers in food chain through plants as they contain most minerals that are essential for humans. They are required in small and precise amounts according to their requirement they were classified as Major (phosphorous (P), potassium (K)), Secondary (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S)), Minor/trace/rare (Boron (B), chlorine (Cl), chromium (Cr), fluoride(F), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn)). The daily requirement of minerals for individuals for effective biological function inside the cell is known as recommended dietary allowance (RDA) that varies for element. The daily requirement of major element is up to 10 g/d, whereas secondary and micro minerals was 400 - 1500 mg/d and 45 μg/d - 11 mg/d, respectively. Meats, vegetables, fruits, grains contains high amount of minerals that protect humans from mineral deficiencies. Some of the mineral deficiencies include ageing, cancer, hair loss etc. The key for these root problems include supplementation of healthy foods rich in minerals and understanding the importance of food by nutrition education, practice of physical activity, and about food habits. A detailed understanding of each mineral and their biological importance through mechanism of action studied in detail to overcome their deficiencies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Iodine supplementation"

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Petrenko, S. V., Yu V. Zhiltsova, A. Seitmedova, A. B. Dzhunelov, T. S. Opanasenko, and S. V. Laptenok. "FEATURES OF MICROELEMENT SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE BODY IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND YOUNG CHILDREN OF BELARUS WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-110-114.

Full text
Abstract:
In children with sonographic signs of AIT from the settlements of Vitebsk and Minsk regions, a reduced content of both iodine and selenium and zinc in the body was revealed, which is a distinctive feature of microelement provision from healthy children. The content of selenium and iodine in the hair of this group of children is 1.52 times lower than in the group of healthy children and 2-3 times lower than the lower indicators of normative values. The low content of iodine in the body is due to the insufficient intake of iodized salt in 50-60 % of the surveyed school children and pregnant women in almost all the regions surveyed. In children with sonographic signs of AIT, a pronounced iodine-selenium-zinc deficiency has been established, which may be one of the reasons for the decrease in the level of antioxidant protection of the body and one of the main factors responsible for the formation of AIT in various regions of Belarus.
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