Relevant bibliographies by topics / IOCs

Academic literature on the topic 'IOCs'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "IOCs"

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Fouché, Myrtille, Yves Bouffard, Mary-Charlotte Le Goff, Johanne Prothet, François Malavieille, Pierre Sagnard, Françoise Christin, et al. "Intraoperative carcinoid syndrome during small-bowel neuroendocrine tumour surgery." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 12 (December 2018): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0324.

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Only few descriptions of intraoperative carcinoid syndrome (ioCS) have been reported. The primary objective of this study was to describe ioCS. A second aim was to identify risk factors of ioCS. We retrospectively analysed patients operated for small-bowel neuroendocrine tumour in our institution between 2007 and 2015, and receiving our preventive local regimen of octreotide continuous administration. ioCS was defined as highly probable in case of rapid (<5 min) arterial blood pressure changes ≥40%, not explained by surgical/anaesthetic management and regressive ≥20% after octreotide bolus injection. Probable cases were ioCS which did not meet all criteria of highly-probable ioCS. Suspected ioCS were detected on the anaesthesia record by an injection of octreotide due to a manifestation which did not meet the criteria for highly-probable or probable ioCS. A total of 81 patients (liver metastases: 59, prior carcinoid syndrome: 49, carcinoid heart disease: 7) were included; 139 ioCS occurred in 45 patients: 45 highly probable, 67 probable and 27 suspected. ioCs was hypertensive (91%) and/or hypotensive (29%). There was no factor, including the use of vasopressors, significantly associated with the occurrence of an ioCS. All surgeries were completed and one patient died from cardiac failure 4 days after surgery. After preoperative octreotide continuous infusion, ioCS were mainly hypertensive. No ioCS risk factors, including vasopressor use, were identified. No intraoperative carcinoid crisis occurred, suggesting the clinical relevance of a standardized octreotide prophylaxis protocol.
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Ding, Chunli, Chii Shang, and Yujung Chang. "Aqueous natural organic matter removal by quaternary-ammonium-compound-modified iron-oxide-coated sand." Water Supply 8, no. 5 (December 1, 2008): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.115.

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In this study, modification of iron-oxide-coated sand (IOCS) with three quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) was tested as a means to improve the removal of aqueous natural organic matter (NOM) by IOCS. The assessment was conducted in batch, isotherm setup with changes in types and concentrations of QACs, modification pH, additions of H2O2 during modification, and adsorption pH. IOCS modification with long chain QACs, including hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and hexadecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (HDBDMA) significantly increased the adsorption of NOM, while coating IOCS with short chain QAC, tetrapropylammonium chloride (TPA) had no positive effect. The enhancement increased with increasing pH and increasing QAC concentration used during modification. Co-additions of long chain QACs with H2O2 during modification could further improve NOM adsorption. Modification of IOCS with 10.0 mM HDTMA at pH 9.9 with the 0.2% H2O2 addition doubled NOM adsorption capacity on IOCS at pH 9.1. The results presented here suggest that the modification of IOCS using long chain QACs can enhance NOM removal by IOCS during drinking water treatment.
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Choi, Jiyeon, Ardie Septian, and Won Sik Shin. "The Influence of Salinity on the Removal of Ni and Zn by Sorption onto Iron Oxide- and Manganese Oxide-Coated Sand." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145815.

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The influence of salinity on the single and binary sorption of Ni and Zn onto iron oxide- and manganese oxide-coated sand (IOCS and MOCS) was investigated at pH = 5. The single sorption experimental data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Sips models, and a nonlinear sorption isotherm was observed (NF = 0.309–0.567). The higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (ABET) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of MOCS contributed to the higher maximum sorption capacities (qmL) of Ni and Zn than that of IOCS. The Ni sorption capacities in the single sorption were higher than that in the binary sorption, while the Zn sorption capacities in the single sorption were less than that in the binary sorption. The single and binary sorptions onto both IOCS and MOCS were affected by the salinity, as indicated by the decrease in sorption capacities. Satisfactory predictions were shown by the binary sorption model fitting including P-factor, ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST)–Freundlich, IAST–Langmuir, and IAST–Sips; among these, the P-factor model showed the best fitting results in predicting the influence of salinity of Ni and Zn in the binary sorption system onto IOCS and MOCS. IOCS and MOCS offer a sustainable reactive media in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for removing Ni and Zn in the presence of salinity.
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Buamah, R., B. Petrusevski, and J. C. Schippers. "Oxidation of adsorbed ferrous iron: kinetics and influence of process conditions." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 9 (November 1, 2009): 2353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.597.

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For the removal of iron from groundwater, aeration followed with rapid (sand) filtration is frequently applied. Iron removal in this process is achieved through oxidation of Fe2 + in aqueous solution followed by floc formation as well as adsorption of Fe2 + onto the filter media. The rate of oxidation of the adsorbed Fe2 + on the filter media plays an important role in this removal process. This study focuses on investigating the effect of pH on the rate of oxidation of adsorbed Fe2 + . Fe2 + has been adsorbed, under anoxic conditions, on iron oxide coated sand (IOCS) in a short filter column and subsequently oxidized by feeding the column with aerated water. Ferrous ions adsorbed at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 demonstrated consumption of oxygen, when aerated water was fed into the column. The oxygen uptake at pH 7 and 8 was faster than at pH 5 and 6. However the difference was less pronounced than expected. The difference is attributed to the pH buffering effect of the IOCS. At feedwater pH 5, 6 and 7 the pH in the effluent was higher than in the influent, while a pH drop should occur because of oxidation of adsorbed Fe2 + . At pH 8, the pH dropped. These phenomena are attributed to the presence of calcium and /or ferrous carbonate in IOCS.
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Tantau, Adrian D., Mohammadreza Khorshidi, and Ali Asghar Sadeghi Mojarad. "International Oil Companies Sustainability after Oil Price decline." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0017.

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Abstract International Oil Companies (IOC’s) had been playing a major role in oil industry at the beginning of 20th century. They had many volatility during last century and faced with many obstacles which forced them to change their business models and improve their outcome to satisfy their shareholders. One of the most important challenges was oil nationalization in oil producer countries which were happened by establishment of NOCs. Later green energy issue which came from CO2 emission problem happened and recently, oil and gas price diminish challenges, involve all IOCs with the most important challenge in last century after all. Among all those events, one of the most important key values which have been observed by IPIECA, API and IOGP associations every year is Sustainability. The objectives of the research are study all issues and indicators of sustainability in IOCs. Each indicator has faced with different strategy via IOCs in different market situation. The importance of this key value cause that it is observed by some important association like IPIECA, API and IOGP each year. As the scarcity of related references for business model in oil and gas industry, literature review of some resources and annual sustainability report followed by a questionnaire as a survey are also selected methods for recent major challenges to achieve required result.
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Odera, Odhiambo, Kieran James, Albert Scott, and Jeff Gow. "Corporate social responsibility reporting of international oil companies in Nigeria." International Journal of Ethics and Systems 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-04-2019-0071.

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Purpose This study aims to identify factors influencing corporate social responsibility reporting (CSRR) practices of international oil companies (IOCs) in Nigeria. It aims at distinguishing CSRR levels by examining both the quantity and quality of reporting. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses annual reports through content analysis. CSRR extent and type are measured by the number of sentences. CSRR are further classified into three subcategories according to whether they are negative, neutral or positive reports and then their proportions compared through descriptive analysis. Findings For the extent and quality of CSRR, community was the most reported category. The majority of the total CSRR in the IOCs is positive with little evidence of negative news. None of the IOCs in the sample reported on the environment in their annual reports. Research limitations/implications The measurement of CSRR focuses only on annual reports, without consideration of other reporting media such as standalone reports and corporate websites. CSRR are assumed to be voluntary for the companies and they may choose not to report any information in annual reports, as there are no regulations or reporting guidelines in Nigeria to be followed. Practical implications The results reveal the absence of environmental reporting in the CSRR of IOCs in Nigeria suggests that they are less concerned with meeting local demands for accountability. The study recommends the need for regulatory intervention on the part of the Nigerian Government. Social implications The findings of study indicate that predominant existence of positive CSRR news among all the IOCs suggests there’s an attempt to encourage stakeholders and the public to believe that they are conscious of society and the environment. Originality/value The main contribution of this study lies in identifying the factors that have led to diversity and uniqueness in CSRR in IOCs. As such, this study seeks to contribute to the development of understanding multiple factors that could give rise to changing patterns of CSRR.
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Laurent-Bellue, Astrid, Eric Poullier, Jean-François Pomerol, Eric Adnet, Marie-José Redon, Katia Posseme, Olivier Trassard, Daniel Cherqui, Kevin Zarca, and Catherine Guettier. "Four-Year Experience of Digital Slide Telepathology for Intraoperative Frozen Section Consultations in a Two-Site French Academic Department of Pathology." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa055.

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Abstract Objectives To share our experience with digital slide telepathology for intraoperative frozen section consultations (IOCs) and to describe its evolution over time by reporting performance metrics and addressing organizational and economic aspects. Methods Since 2013, a technician has been alone at the surgical site. At the other site, the pathologist opens the digital slide from a local server via the intranet. Three periods were compared: a 6-month period of conventional IOC (period 1), a 24-month period of telepathology at 6 months after implementation (period 2), and a 12-month period of telepathology at 3.5 years after implementation (period 3). Results In total, 87 conventional IOCs and 464 and 313 IOCs on digital slides were performed respectively during periods 1, 2, and 3; mean turnaround time was 27, 36, and 38 minutes, respectively, and there were a mean number of 1.1, 1.1, and 1.3 slides, respectively, per IOC. Diagnostic accuracy was achieved in 95.4%, 92.7%, and 93.9%, respectively, of IOCs (not significant). The additional cost is in the same range as the cost of urgent transport by courier. Conclusions Developing IOC with digital slides is a challenge but is necessary to optimize medical time in the current context of pathologist shortage and budget restrictions.
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Bianco, Kristina, Robert Norton, Frank Schwab, Justin S. Smith, Eric Klineberg, Ibrahim Obeid, Gregory Mundis, et al. "Complications and intercenter variability of three-column osteotomies for spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective review of 423 patients." Neurosurgical Focus 36, no. 5 (May 2014): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.2.focus1422.

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Object Three-column resection osteotomies (3COs) are commonly performed for sagittal deformity but have high rates of reported complications. Authors of this study aimed to examine the incidence of and intercenter variability in major intraoperative complications (IOCs), major postoperative complications (POCs) up to 6 weeks postsurgery, and overall complications (that is, both IOCs and POCs). They also aimed to investigate the incidence of and intercenter variability in blood loss during 3CO procedures. Methods The incidence of IOCs, POCs, and overall complications associated with 3COs were retrospectively determined for the study population and for each of 8 participating surgical centers. The incidence of major blood loss (MBL) over 4 L and the percentage of total blood volume lost were also determined for the study population and each surgical center. Complication rates and blood loss were compared between patients with one and those with two osteotomies, as well as between patients with one thoracic osteotomy (ThO) and those with one lumbar or sacral osteotomy (LSO). Risk factors for developing complications were determined. Results Retrospective review of prospectively acquired data for 423 consecutive patients who had undergone 3CO at 8 surgical centers was performed. The incidence of major IOCs, POCs, and overall complications was 7%, 39%, and 42%, respectively, for the study population overall. The most common IOC was spinal cord deficit (2.6%) and the most common POC was unplanned return to the operating room (19.4%). Patients with two osteotomies had more POCs (56% vs 38%, p = 0.04) than the patients with one osteotomy. Those with ThO had more IOCs (16% vs 6%, p = 0.03), POCs (58% vs 34%, p < 0.01), and overall complications (67% vs 37%, p < 0.01) than the patients with LSO. There was significant variation in the incidence of IOCs, POCs, and overall complications among the 8 sites (p < 0.01). The incidence of MBL was 24% for the study population, which varied significantly between sites (p < 0.01). Patients with MBL had a higher risk of IOCs, POCs, and overall complications (OR 2.15, 1.76, and 2.01, respectively). The average percentage of total blood volume lost was 55% for the study population, which also varied among sites (p < 0.01). Conclusions Given the complexity of 3COs for spinal deformity, it is important for spine surgeons to understand the risk factors and complication rates associated with these procedures. In this study, the overall incidence of major complications following 3CO procedures was 42%. Risks for developing complications included an older age (> 60 years), two osteotomies, ThO, and MBL.
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Donnelly, John. "Comments: IOCs Look to the Upstream." Journal of Petroleum Technology 64, no. 07 (July 1, 2012): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0712-0016-jpt.

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Ayala H., Luis F. "IOCs and NOCs: The Fourteen (and plus) Sisters." Way Ahead 05, no. 03 (October 1, 2009): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0309-002-twa.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IOCs"

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Vivoda, Vlado, and vlado vivoda@flinders edu au. "THE RETURN OF THE OBSOLESCING BARGAIN AND THE DECLINE OF ‘BIG OIL’: A STUDY OF BARGAINING IN THE CONTEMPORARY OIL INDUSTRY." Flinders University. School of Politics and International Studies, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080305.150535.

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This thesis centres on studying intricate bargaining relationships between the major actors in the highly politicised oil industry. By covering the period between 1998 and early 2007, this study focuses exclusively on contemporary bargaining in the oil industry, as it is unfeasible to cover a longer time-span. In the current decade, which unlike previous two cooperative decades, can be characterised as conflictual, and thus politicised, the structure of the oil industry can best be understood by studying bargaining between numerous actors, the main of which are the international oil companies (IOCs), oil-exporting states, oil-importing states, and the national oil companies (NOCs). The central argument is that due to their weak relative bargaining power, the IOCs have been on the losing side in their bargaining with oil exporting countries and/or their NOCs in the current decade when compared to the late 1990s, and thus, we are witnessing the return of the obsolescing bargain.
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Rudman, Lauren Lynne. "NetwIOC: a framework for the automated generation of network-based IOCS for malware information sharing and defence." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60639.

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With the substantial number of new malware variants found each day, it is useful to have an efficient way to retrieve Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) from the malware in a format suitable for sharing and detection. In the past, these indicators were manually created after inspection of binary samples and network traffic. The Cuckoo Sandbox, is an existing dynamic malware analysis system which meets the requirements for the proposed framework and was extended by adding a few custom modules. This research explored a way to automate the generation of detailed network-based IOCs in a popular format which can be used for sharing. This was done through careful filtering and analysis of the PCAP hie generated by the sandbox, and placing these values into the correct type of STIX objects using Python, Through several evaluations, analysis of what type of network traffic can be expected for the creation of IOCs was conducted, including a brief ease study that examined the effect of analysis time on the number of IOCs created. Using the automatically generated IOCs to create defence and detection mechanisms for the network was evaluated and proved successful, A proof of concept sharing platform developed for the STIX IOCs is showcased at the end of the research.
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Lima, Aline Silva. "Um projeto de combate as secas: os engenheiros civis, as obras pÃblicas na Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas-IOCS e a construÃÃo do AÃude Tucunduba(1909-1919)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4879.

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nÃo hÃ
A opÃÃo da aÃudagem como soluÃÃo para o âcombate Ãs secasâ no Cearà esteve presente nas discussÃes sobre seca desde meados do sÃculo XIX. No inÃcio do sÃculo XX foi criada a Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas â IOCS, como uma divisÃo especial do MinistÃrio de ViaÃÃo e Obras PÃblicas e inicialmente teve como funÃÃes dirigir e fiscalizar as aÃÃes realizadas pela UniÃo no âcombate Ãs secasâ na regiÃo compreendida entre os Estados do Piauà e norte de Minas Gerais. Esta instituiÃÃo teve seu Projeto de aÃÃo pensado por intelectuais que viam na ciÃncia, atravÃs das aÃÃes da engenharia civil, a soluÃÃo para os problemas sociais e para o progresso. Um Projeto, seja ele individual ou coletivo, à um plano que para se realizar passa por um campo de possibilidades e sofre mudanÃas colocadas pela realidade onde este serà aplicado. O Projeto da Inspetoria era maior que as obras de engenharia, pois buscava educar um povo da regiÃo seca que era visto como ignorante. Neste processo o profissional da engenharia civil aparece como impulsionador destas aÃÃes. Os engenheiros possuÃam plenos poderes na organizaÃÃo e manutenÃÃo das obas. O presente trabalho analisar a aplicaÃÃo do Projeto de âcombate Ãs secasâ idealizado pela IOCS â Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas atravÃs das relaÃÃes entre engenheiros civis e a sociedade local envolvidos nas obras de aÃudagem no interior do CearÃ
The option for constructing dams as solution for the âfight against the droughtâ in Cearà has been in the discussions about drought since the middle of the 19th century. In the beginning of the 20th century was created the Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas â IOCS, acting like a special division from the MinistÃrio de ViaÃÃo e Obras PÃblicas and initially had functions like directing and supervising the acts done by the UniÃo in the âfight against the droughtâ on the region between the states of Piauà and north of Minas Gerais. Such institution had its Projeto of action thought by intellectuals who saw in science, through actions of the civil engineering, the solution to the social problems and to the progress. A Projeto, be it individual or collective, itâs a plan which, in order to realize itself, passes through a campo de possibilidades and suffers changes placed by the reality where it is applied. The Projeto from the Inspetoria was bigger than the engineering works, as it sought to educate people from the drought region who was seen like ignorant. In this process, the civil engineering professional acts like a propellant of these actions. The engineers had full powers in the organization and maintenance of the works. This research analyses the application of the Projeto âfight against the droughtâ idealized by the IOCS - Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas through the relations between civil engineers and the local society involved in the works of dam constructions in the Cearà countryside.
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Lima, Aline Silva. "Um projeto de combate as secas: os engenheiros civis, as obras públicas na Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas-IOCS e a construção do Açude Tucunduba (1909-1919)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2842.

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LIMA, Aline Silva. Um projeto de combate as secas: os engenheiros civis, as obras públicas na Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas-IOCS e a construção do Açude Tucunduba (1909-1919). 2010. 124 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-ce, 2010.
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The option for constructing dams as solution for the “fight against the drought” in Ceará has been in the discussions about drought since the middle of the 19th century. In the beginning of the 20th century was created the Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas – IOCS, acting like a special division from the Ministério de Viação e Obras Públicas and initially had functions like directing and supervising the acts done by the União in the “fight against the drought” on the region between the states of Piauí and north of Minas Gerais. Such institution had its Projeto of action thought by intellectuals who saw in science, through actions of the civil engineering, the solution to the social problems and to the progress. A Projeto, be it individual or collective, it’s a plan which, in order to realize itself, passes through a campo de possibilidades and suffers changes placed by the reality where it is applied. The Projeto from the Inspetoria was bigger than the engineering works, as it sought to educate people from the drought region who was seen like ignorant. In this process, the civil engineering professional acts like a propellant of these actions. The engineers had full powers in the organization and maintenance of the works. This research analyses the application of the Projeto “fight against the drought” idealized by the IOCS - Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas through the relations between civil engineers and the local society involved in the works of dam constructions in the Ceará countryside.
A opção da açudagem como solução para o “combate às secas” no Ceará esteve presente nas discussões sobre seca desde meados do século XIX. No início do século XX foi criada a Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas – IOCS, como uma divisão especial do Ministério de Viação e Obras Públicas e inicialmente teve como funções dirigir e fiscalizar as ações realizadas pela União no “combate às secas” na região compreendida entre os Estados do Piauí e norte de Minas Gerais. Esta instituição teve seu Projeto de ação pensado por intelectuais que viam na ciência, através das ações da engenharia civil, a solução para os problemas sociais e para o progresso. Um Projeto, seja ele individual ou coletivo, é um plano que para se realizar passa por um campo de possibilidades e sofre mudanças colocadas pela realidade onde este será aplicado. O Projeto da Inspetoria era maior que as obras de engenharia, pois buscava educar um povo da região seca que era visto como ignorante. Neste processo o profissional da engenharia civil aparece como impulsionador destas ações. Os engenheiros possuíam plenos poderes na organização e manutenção das obas. O presente trabalho analisar a aplicação do Projeto de “combate às secas” idealizado pela IOCS – Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas através das relações entre engenheiros civis e a sociedade local envolvidos nas obras de açudagem no interior do Ceará
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Olufemi, Lola. "AN EXAMINATION OF THE DOMAIN ARCHITECTURE OF THE IOC2 AND IOC3 SUBUNITS OF THE ISW1 COMPLEXES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/550.

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ISW1 was initially identified as a single complex. Four years after its identification it was reported to form two separate complexes, namely ISW1a and ISW1b. ISW1a is composed of Isw1 and Ioc3; ISW1b consist of Isw1, Ioc2 and Ioc4. While these complexes share the same catalytic subunit, these complexes differ in their catalytic properties and function in vivo. ISW1a was shown to be localized at the promoter region of genes, functioning in transcription repression. True to this function, it exhibits directional remodeling activity and the ability to space nucleosome arrays at ~175bp increments, promoting the formation of a repressive chromatin structure. ISW1b lacks both of these biochemical properties and was found localized within the coding regions of genes functioning in the regulation of transcription elongation and termination. These differences in activity are attributed to the differences in subunit composition and the domain organization of these two complexes. Our work has identified and characterized novel domains within the Ioc2 and Ioc3 subunits that modulate the distinct biochemical properties of these complexes. We found that the IRD (ISW1a Regulator of Directionality) domain of the Ioc3 subunit, functions as a regulatory motif that dictates the directionality preferences and spacing activity exhibited by ISW1a during remodeling. Deletion of this domain resulted in an unregulated ISW1a complex in vivo which severely altered growth under stress conditions, gene expression and nucleosome organization genome-wide. Our work also characterized two domains within the Ioc2 component of the ISW1b complex, namely Ioc2 458-551 and a PHD domain. We find that these domains contribute significantly to the affinity of ISW1b for nucleosome substrates, as well as the ability of this complex to stimulate ATPase activity and remodel. Strikingly we find that the PHD domain functions as a distinguishing feature that differentiates ISW1a from ISW1b. Loss of this domain resulted in a mutant complex that remodels similarly to ISW1a. In vivo we also find that both of these domains contribute to nucleosome positioning and the modulation of gene expression of ISW1b regulated genes genome-wide. Overall this study provides an examination of the distinguishing features of the ISW1a and ISW1b complexes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Costa, Jose Raimundo Lisboa da. "Ensino de história na educação de adultos: entre o ensinado e o vivido as dimensões da consciência histórica." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IOMS-6NLJWR.

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This research aimed at reaching an understanding of the meanings constructed by adult students about the relations existing between the History which is taught and the History which is actually lived. Using the empirical data collected from adult students of the public schools of the city of Belo Horizonte during 2001, we analyzed social, ideological and subjective contents in general, as well as specific aspects Our analysis was supported, among others, by the works of Paulo Freire, E.P. Thompson, Serge Moscovici, Jorn Russen and Eni Orlandi which, besides the historical and social aspects of adult education in Brazil provided the theoretical framework for this research, allowing us to highlight our readings of the empirical data, establish a dialogue with the findings and finally interpret such data. Through the students´ statements we could identify and analyze various perspectives concerning the relation between the History which is lived and that which is taught. We were also able to propose a categorization of expressions, levels and dimensions of the historical conscience built by the subjects of the research. Our study aims at contributing to the field of the History education of adults in Brazil, where studies on the subject are scarce. Mainly it aims at contributing to the process of curricula reorientation in the context of the public schools of the city of Belo Horizonte.
Esta pesquisa buscou compreender os significados construídos pelos alunos adultos a respeito da relação entre a História ensinada e a história vivida. A partir de dados empíricos coletados junto a alunos adultos da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Belo Horizonte, no ano de 2001, pôde-se analisar conteúdos sociais, ideológicos, subjetivos, bem como aspectos das condições materiais de suas vidas. As análises que a seguir se apresentam foram fundamentadas, dentre outros autores, em Paulo Freire, E.P. Thompson, Serge Moscovici, Jorn Rüssen e Eni Orlandi, que, além de conhecimentos de aspectos históricos e sociais da educação de adultos no Brasil, proporcionaram a construção de uma rede teórica para a leitura do material empírico, sendo possível com ele dialogar no processo de construção da interpretação dos dados. Nesse percurso, por meio dos enunciados dos sujeitos adultos, identificou-se e analisou-se uma diversidade de perspectivas a respeito das relações entre as histórias vividas e as Histórias ensinadas, o que permitiu que se esboçasse uma categorização de expressões, níveis e dimensões das consciências históricas construídas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Este estudo pretende contribuir para o campo da educação histórica de adultos no Brasil, no qual as pesquisas ainda são escassas, de modo especial, em relação ao processo de reorientações curriculares, no âmbito da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Belo Horizonte.
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7

Velloso, Renata Mendes. "O contexto das políticas públicas para infância no campo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IOMS-7RQJ8A.

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The present study is an analysis of the municipalization of Primary Education in the countryside. It was developed in five towns from Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais: Berilo, Chapada do Norte, Francisco Badaró, Minas Novas and Virgem da Lapa. The object of the study was to comprehend and register the political mobilization process that happen in that region, which intend to guarantee the education from zero to six years-old children. The methodology of study involved three procedures: an analysis of documents such as the Primary Educational Legislation and documents related to the Program of Formation in Service for Primary Tutors PFSEI (short in Portuguese), done by the Christian Fund for Children FCC (short in Portuguese), including the pedagogic counselors, social assistants and children tutors from the community association in accordance to the referred institution; followed by interviews with leaderships which direct or indirectly undertook political actions with the City Halls in order to get financial resources for the Primary Education by the State, and finally, the attendance of part of the process through direct observation of the researcher from 2004 to 2006. The program is a result of the this study, delineated from the year of 2004 by a gradual democratic conquest of the transference of children taking care supported by the Christian Fund for Children to the City Halls. It was observed that this process set up tension, breakage and new ways of interaction between the political society and the local community associations, throughout effective actions and conflicts of the social assistants and children tutors. It was seen a precarious assistance to the children in the countryside, helping to understand that the legislation itself doesnt guarantee the right to the education. Gramsci and Mainardes studies offered the theoretical elements needed for all discussions about the relation between the State and the civil society, based on pressures and tensions which mark/characterize the process in movement and the ones not continuous.
O presente estudo constitui-se de uma avaliação do processo de municipalização da Educação Infantil no campo, desenvolvido em cinco municípios do Vale do Jequitinhonha, em Minas Gerais: Berilo, Chapada do Norte, Francisco Badaró, Minas Novas e Virgem da Lapa. Buscou-se registrar e compreender os processos de mobilização política ocorridos naquela região, com o intuito de garantir a educação ás crianças de zero a seis anos de idade. Para tanto, a metodologia do estudo envolveu três procedimentos: análise de documentos como a legislação da Educação Infantil e documentos referentes ao Programa de Formação em Serviço para Educadores Infantis PFSEI, elaborado pelo Fundo Cristão para Crianças FCC, com a participação dos assessores pedagógicos, educadoras sociais e educadoras infantis das Associações Comunitárias conveniadas à citada instituição); entrevistas com lideranças que direta ou indiretamente empreenderam ações políticas junto às prefeituras municipais para atingir o financiamento da educação Infantil pelo Estado e o acompanhamento de parte deste processo por meio da observação participante da pesquisadora, entre 2004 e 2006. Os resultados traçaram a trajetória do referido programa, que foi marcada, a partir do ano de 2004, por uma gradativa conquista popular da transferência do atendimento às crianças apadrinhadas pelo Fundo Cristão para Crianças para as prefeituras. Observou- se que tal processo estabeleceu tensões, rupturas e novas formas de interação entre a sociedade política e as Associações Comunitárias locais, através de ações e lutas das educadoras sociais e das educadoras infantis. Registrou-se o histórico atendimento precário à infância no campo o que ajudou a compreender que uma legislação por si só não garante o direito à educação. Os estudos de Gramsci e Mainardes ofereceram elementos teóricos para que fossem realizadas discussões acerca das relações entre o Estado e a sociedade civil, pautadas por pressões e tensões que caracterizam processos em movimento e não-lineares.
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Fortes, Danilo Ribeiro Sa. "A criatividade na fala do professor de física." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IOMS-5XFMWC.

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This research investigates the creative work of five peculiar Physics teachers from E.E.Gov.Milton Campos high school in Belo Horizonte, set up from semi-structured, recorded and transcribed interview. The analysis was proceeded by using theoretical parameters of professional cycles defined by Huberman et al (1993) and design-like tasks defined by Schön (2000). The categories of analysis stemmed from the construction of an analytical frame of the concept of creativity set by Rhodes (1961) and included the point of view of the tetrahedron of principles derived from Vaz (1989) about pedagogical, sociological and psychological aspects of his teaching professionalism. We hope to identify the characteristics of creativity in teachers considered as creative by the high school community where they belong to and as a consequence to establish relations between the teaching praxis and the teaching knowing of these educators. As result, we intend to find markers for the creative individual and the manufacturing process of his/her work.
Com base em entrevista semi-estruturada, gravada e transcrita, elaborou-se esta pesquisa que estuda a fala sobre criatividade de cinco professores singulares de Física do ensino médio da Escola Estadual Governador Milton Campos de Belo Horizonte. Para a análise, utilizaram-se parâmetros teóricos dos ciclos profissionais estabelecidos por Huberman et al (1993) e tarefas com características de design estabelecidas por Schön (2000). As categorias de análise partiram da construção de um quadro analítico do conceito de criatividade estabelecido por Rhodes (1961), acrescentando o ponto de vista do tetraedro de princípios derivado de Vaz (1989) de aspectos pedagógicos, filosóficos, psicológicos e sociológicos de seu profissionalismo docente. Identificamos as características da criatividade em professores considerados criativos pela comunidade escolar a qual pertencem e, em conseqüência, estabelecemos relações entre a prática docente e o saber docente desses professores. Como resultado encontrou-se indicadores sobre o sujeito criativo e o processo de produção de sua obra.
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Tonini, Adriana Maria. "Ensino de engenharia: atividades acadêmicas complementares na formação do engenheiro." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IOMS-7DPSA7.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a contribuição das atividades acadêmicas complementares definidas pelas diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a formação do engenheiro, desenvolvendo uma análise comparativa do perfil do engenheiro formado pela resolução 48/1976 (entre 1976 a 2002), com aquele formado pela resolução 11/2002 e 2007, o que resultou em um diagnostico sobre as relações entre políticas educacionais e a formação profssional. Essa investigação insere-se na concepção da teoria critica que possibilita a construção de um novo perfil do profissional de engenharia, cuja formação tenha levado em conta não somente a capacidade de propor soluções tecnicamente corretas, mas também a ambiçãom de considerar os problemas em sua totalidade; a preocupação com a valorização do ser humano, a preservação do meio ambiente, a integração social e política desse profissional. Adotou-se uma metodologia mista, primeiramente qualitativa, envolvendo a análise documental sobre a legislação estudada, projetos político-pedagógicos e currículos dos cursos de engenharia cívil e elétrica de Belo Horizonte, bem como entrevista semi-estruturada com seis coordenadores e trinta professores dos cursos estudados.Inclui também, um estudo quantitativo com quatrocentos e quartoze questionários, aplicados ao acaso, a profissionais engenheiros formados entre 1976 a 2007 . Os resultdos obtidos reafirmam o valor formativo das atividades complementares no currículo do curso de Engenharia Civil e Elétrica e sinalizam uma nova formação nesta área com perfil humanista, reflexivo, crítico e generalista.
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Marques, Roberto Antonio. "Professoras dos ciclos iniciais do ensino fundamental:: a compreensão de si mesmas como educadoras matemáticas." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IOMS-678HFK.

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In this work, we analyzed the understanding that teachers of the initial cycles of Elementary School have about themselves as Mathematical Educators. Semi-structured interviews with nine teachers who teach Mathematics in the initial cycles were carried out. Submitting the transcriptions to Content Analysis, we tried to define constitutive themes and arguments of that understanding. Using Discourse Analysis resources, we searched to identify and to discuss the manners, in which the interviewees structure their speeches, assume and respond (to and for) speeches and positions in the school scenery. The interviews analyse shows that the teachers understanding of themselves as Mathematical Educators grees through the mediations that are established while they search solutions for challenges of their teaching condition and practice. The concerns identified in their speeches indicate the need for approaching cultural aspects of the Mathematics teaching conditions in training courses for these teachers.
Neste trabalho, analisamos a compreensão que as professoras dos ciclos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental têm de si mesmas como Educadoras Matemáticas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com nove professoras que ensinam Matemática nos ciclos iniciais. As transcrições foram submetidas a Análise de Conteúdo, para definição de temas e argumentos que nos pareceram constituintes dessa compreensão. Lançando mão de recursos da Análise do Discurso, buscamos identificar e discutir os modos pelos quais as entrevistadas estruturam suas falas, assumem e respondem (a e por) discursos e posições no cenário escolar. A análise das entrevistas revela que a compreensão que as professoras têm de si mesmas como Educadoras Matemáticas passa pelas mediações que elas estabelecem na busca de soluções para os desafios de sua condição e prática docente. As preocupações identificadas nos seus depoimentos apontam para a necessidade de os cursos de formação de professores contemplarem os aspectos culturais que permeiam a condição docente de quem ensina Matemática.
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Books on the topic "IOCs"

1

Ions. Belfast: Lagan Press, 2011.

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Wujec, Tom. Pumping ions. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1988.

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Fässler, Thomas F., ed. Zintl Ions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21181-2.

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Selover, Mary Kelly. Gracious Interiors. New York: MetroBooks, 1996.

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Illenberger, Eugen, and Jacques Momigny. Gaseous Molecular Ions. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07383-4.

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McFedries, Paul. Troubleshooting iOS. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2445-8.

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Moncke, Doris. Photoionization of polyvalent ions. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Publishers, 2009.

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Dynamics of negative ions. Singapore: World Scientific, 1987.

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Koryta, Jiří. Ions, electrodes, and membranes. 2nd ed. Chichester [England]: Wiley, 1991.

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Stevens, K. W. H. Magnetic ions in crystals. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "IOCs"

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Yates, John T. "Ions." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 211–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_21.

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Yates, John T. "Ions." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 471–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_39.

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Marcus, Yizhak. "Ions." In Ions in Water and Biophysical Implications, 49–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4647-3_2.

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Freemantle, Michael. "Ions." In Chemistry in Action, 271–305. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18541-2_8.

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Ilich, Predrag-Peter. "Ions." In Selected Problems in Physical Chemistry, 99–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04327-7_8.

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King, R. B. "Structure and Bonding in Zintl Ions and Related Main Group Element Clusters." In Zintl Ions, 1–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2010_21.

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Armatas, Gerasimos S., and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Germanium-Based Porous Semiconductors from Molecular Zintl Anions." In Zintl Ions, 133–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2010_22.

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Eichhorn, Bryan, and Sanem Kocak. "Dynamic Properties of the Group 14 Zintl Ions and Their Derivatives." In Zintl Ions, 59–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2010_23.

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Fässler, Thomas F. "Relationships Between Soluble Zintl Anions, Ligand-Stabilized Cage Compounds, and Intermetalloid Clusters of Tetrel (Si–Pb) and Pentel (P–Bi) Elements." In Zintl Ions, 91–131. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2010_33.

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Gärtner, Stefanie, and Nikolaus Korber. "Polyanions of Group 14 and Group 15 Elements in Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Solid State Compounds and Solvate Structures." In Zintl Ions, 25–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2011_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "IOCs"

1

Alberdi, Juan Ignacio, Martín Castellote, Bruno Constanzo, Hugo Curti, Ana Haydée Di Iorio, Ariel Podestá, Gonzalo Ruiz de Angeli, and Santiago Trigo. "Searching for IOCs in Forensic Evidence." In The 18th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: Engineering, Integration, And Alliances for A Sustainable Development” “Hemispheric Cooperation for Competitiveness and Prosperity on A Knowledge-Based Economy”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2020.1.1.647.

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van de Kamp, Tim, Andreas Peter, Maarten H. Everts, and Willem Jonker. "Private Sharing of IOCs and Sightings." In CCS'16: 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2994539.2994544.

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Li, Huimin. "Africa Petroleum Fiscal Evolvement and Impacts on Foreign Investment: Illustrations from Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2567973-ms.

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ABSTRACT With plenty of latest discoveries witnessed from East Africa, the petroleum atlas reshaping is expected where some new faces (e.g. Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, etc.) may play emergent roles besides traditional oil countries in Africa. Due to general lack of infrastructure construction and capital investment, it still need some time for large-scale commercial production and the involvement of international oil companies is indispensable in the process. Dramatic price drop has tremendously stricken both governments and international oil companies (IOC) in oil-producing countries since 2014. The effectiveness in which governments and IOCs adjust to this reality will determine the extent and the pace of future development of these countries’ oil sectors. Most IOCs were struggling to cut capital expenditure and control operating cost to survive, and how to maintain and attract investment is regarded as huge challenges by many governments in the downward scenario. Apart from resource factors, petroleum fiscal terms are one of the key factors in the investment decision for IOCs. The attractiveness of fiscal contracts has a fundamental effect on profitability of petroleum projects, and thus an important indicator for evaluating investment feasibility in the country. The paper gives an overview on fiscal transformation in most Africa oil countries, some of them were trying to increase government share in oil profits to support social expenditures, and others have provided fiscal incentives to absorb further investment in the oil sector. It shows that fiscal policies in the countries where national economy relies more on oil revenues are less stable during the past decade. Some upstream projects in Nigeria are illustrated to show the impacts of different contract terms on economic benefits. Thus with new government's coming into power, most IOCs are holding back further investment and expecting negotiation with the authorities for confirmation on fiscal terms applied in their assets to avoid potential contractual risks, like PIB, Side letter, etc. The implications regarding petroleum regime are summarized based on the experience from Nigeria for emerging countries in East Africa, relatively stable fiscal policy with some incentives to encourage exploration activities would be helpful to petroleum industry. Lastly, investment suggestions are presented with priorities to promote business development in the area.
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Shiaoi, Tsung-Wen. "An Innovative and Transparent Negotiation Mechanism for the Petroleum Contracts to Develop Marginal Oil Fields." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21328-ms.

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Abstract This study is to propose a transparent mechanism among host governments and international oil companies (or IOCs) so an amicable "win-win" situation can be achieved on the negotiation of the petroleum contracts for the development of marginal fields. Marginal field has various definitions. It can be a field with recoverable reserve not exceeding 30 million barrels of oil or 500 billion standard cubic feet of natural gas (Abdul Razak 2011, Malaysian Petroleum Income Tax Act 1967). It also can be a field, somehow "stranded", needs an oil price of US$60/bbl to be commercial (Aziz 2019). Or as simpe as it can be, a marginal field in Nigeria is any field being left unattended for more than ten years from the date of discovery (Auwalu 2020). In this paper, the author recommends that a marginal field be difined as any undeveloped field with a zero present value at 10% discount rate (or PV10 Value = 0) based on the average commodity price of previous 12 months’ first-day-of-the-month prices. This definition is conformable to the SEC pricing guidelines for publicly traded IOCs in the U.S.A. (Scheig n.d.). Host governments endeavor to bring foreign fund and technology to develop their hydrocarbon resources effectively for the benefit of national welfare. IOCs are eager to expand into other promising areas for more hydrocarbon reserves in order to strengthen the balance sheets. A well-designed petroleum fiscal regime can thus achieve the balance between host governments and IOCs (Tordo 2007).
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Rudman, Lauren, and Barry Irwin. "Dridex: Analysis of the traffic and automatic generation of IOCs." In 2016 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issa.2016.7802932.

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Oppong, Riverson, and Nixon Amoah-Awuah. "Impact of the Petroleum, Local Content and Local Participation Regulation 2013, Li 2204 on Local Skills Development in Ghana's Upstream Oil & Gas Sector." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207174-ms.

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Abstract This study was to assess how the implementation of LI 2201 has impacted the development of local skills in the sector. The study focused on the two producing International Oil Companies (IOCs) and the Petroleum Commission (PC). Data gathered were gathered using the mixed approach and analysed using descriptive analysis. The study revealed that the IOCs have put several initiatives in place to recruit and develop Ghanaians for key positions in their organization. These initiatives have resulted in forty six percent (46%) of Management staff, seventy four percent (74%) of Core Technical staff and ninety four percent (94%) of Other Support staff in their organisations combined being Ghanaians. The PC has also initiated a number of initiatives which are building the needed vocational skills as well as practical experience of Ghanaians and have led to localization of some positions within the sector. Despite the successes achieve so far, there are challenges facing the PC and the IOCs which make it difficult for the sector to achieve the full intent of LI 2204. Key among the challenges are lack of required local skills, high skills development cost, lack of cooperation among key stakeholders and limited practical development opportunities which need to be addressed to be able to achieve the key intent of the Regulations. These challenges have been acknowledged by The PC and have set up an internal committee headed by the Director of Localisation to look into ways in which localization can be improved.
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Verma, Mayank, Ponnurangam Kumarguru, Shuva Brata Deb, and Anuradha Gupta. "Analysing Indicator of Compromises for Ransomware: Leveraging IOCs with Machine Learning Techniques." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isi.2018.8587409.

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Baughman, Gary, and Craig W. Van Kirk. "Knowledge Transfer via Education and Training Partnerships Among Global Universities, IOCs, and NOCs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/134850-ms.

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Van Kirk, Craig W., and Gary Baughman. "Case Study of Iraq: Education and Training Partnerships Among International Universities, IOCs, and NOCs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/135681-ms.

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Mo/ller, Jens, Anna Ledin, and Peter Steen Mikkelsen. "Removal of Dissolved Heavy Metals from Pre-Settled Stormwater Runoff by Iron-Oxide Coated Sand (IOCS)." In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)227.

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Reports on the topic "IOCs"

1

Bowers, Michael T. Cluster Ions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada282615.

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Bowers, Michael T. Cluster Ions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376262.

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Gillaspy, John D., John D. Gillaspy, Laura P. Ratliff, James R. Roberts, and Endre Takacs. Highly charged ions. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.972.

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Lentz, Nicholas B. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: From Cluster Ions to Toxic metal Ions in Biology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/933113.

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Schutt, Timothy, and Manoj Shukla. Predicting the impact of aqueous ions on fate and transport of munition compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41481.

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A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ ≫ HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺.
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Jones, Robert M., Alison K. Thurston, Robyn A. Barbato, and Eftihia V. Barnes. Evaluating the Conductive Properties of Melanin-Producing Fungus, Curvularia lunata, after Copper Doping. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38641.

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Melanins are pigmented biomacromolecules found throughout all domains of life. Of melanins’ many unique properties, their malleable electrically conductive properties and their ability to chelate could allow them to serve as material for bioelectronics. Studies have shown that sheets or pellets of melanin conduct low levels of electricity; however, electrical conductance of melanin within a cellular context has not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, given the chelating properties of melanin, it is possible that introducing traditionally con-ductive metal ions could improve the conductivity. Therefore, this study investigated the conductive properties of melanized cells and how metal ions change these. We measured the con-ductivity of pulverized Curvularia lunata, a melanized filamentous fungi, with and without the addition of copper ions. We then com-pared the conductivity measurements of the fungus to chemically synthesized, commercially bought melanin. Our data showed that the conductivity of the melanized fungal biomass was an order of magnitude higher when grown in the presence of copper. However, it was two orders of magnitude less than that of synthetic melanin. Interestingly, conductance was measurable despite additional constituents in the pellet that may inhibit conductivity. Therefore, these data show promising results for using melanized cells to carry electrical signals.
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7

Fung, Sun-yiu. Central collisions of heavy ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7119246.

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8

Kaplan, M. Nuclear research with heavy ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5006074.

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9

Henry, R. Electron collisions with positive ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5540980.

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10

Leone, Stephen R., and Veronica M. Bierbaum. Reactions of Atmospheric Cluster Ions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329695.

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