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1
Carroll, Kendra. "Mating bias in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131428178.pdf.
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Jetter, Hans-Christian. "Usability-Evaluation im Rahmen von INVISIP." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10761286.
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Doláková, Eva. "Podnikatelský záměr CA Invia." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221990.
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This Master's thesis deals with entrepreneurial prospectus of Invia.cz, Ltd company. The aim of the thesis is to propose a motion of the customer loyalty programme for the clients of the travel agency. The objective of my thesis is to create a simple and attractive loyalty programme, which will contribute to the creation of long-term relationship between the company and its clients as well as to gaining and obtaining customers in the competitive environment.
4
Villavicencio, Gallardo Rafael William. "Cálculo hidráulico del sistema de relaves – caso Mina Invicta." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16581.
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La Mina Invicta se encuentra ubicada en la provincia de Huaura, departamento de
Lima, a a 320 km y cuatro horas de la ciudad de Lima, y a una altitud de alrededor
de 3600 msnm. Para el tratamiento del mineral se ha considerado una planta
concentradora, con una capacidad de tratamiento máximo de 5100 TM/día.
Respecto de la disposición de los relaves, que se producen como consecuencia del
trabajo minero. En primera instancia, se dispone que sean deshidratados y colocados
en la relavera denominada ¨A¨ sin embargo de ocurrir algún inconveniente, como
una baja en la tensión eléctrica o parada en los espesadores o bombas, se hace
necesario disponer de una medida de contingencia, sin que esto signifique parar las
operaciones en planta por lo que es necesario un sistema alterno que entre en
funcionamiento de manera inmediata, destinando los relaves desde el tanque de paso
en planta hacia un Echadero o distribuidor y de allí a la relavera de contingencia,
también denominada relavera ¨B¨, el objeto del presente trabajo es precisamente el
cálculo para el sistema de bombeo, del relave, que determina finalmente el uso de
una bomba tipo HM 150 (Metso minerals), de aleación de cromo y con una eficiencia
del 67.9%, la cual bombeara 2.69 pies cúbicos por segundo de relave con una
densidad de la pulpa de 1.5 y una gravedad especifica Gs: 2.89, en máxima
producción; desde la planta ubicada en la cota 2300 a través de 300 metros de tubería
de HDPE de 8” SDR 11, hacia el Echadero distribuidor ubicado en la cota 2350,
con un volumen de 3770 m3. Pudiendo contener más de 13 horas el flujo y desde
allí distribuirlo a los espesadores o derivarlo a la relavera de contingencia
denominada relavera ¨B¨.
5
Memmel, Thomas. "INVISIP Implementation einer tabellenbasierten Visualisierung für geo-räumliche Metadaten /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10162234.
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Hale, Michael Walker. "Host/parasite interactions between Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae)." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5910.
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Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen and Hazard is a microsporidian pathogen that infects the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren. This five part study examined the effects that T. solenopsae has on constructs of colony fitness in field mounds and adoption rates, how T. solenopsae spores are affected by different stable temperatures. This study also examined the effects on T. solenopsae spores due to centrifugation out of the host cell, pH of the solution the spores are kept, and food classes that could be ingested by S. invicta. For the first study, a total of 29 colonies were collected, 16 infected, and 13 uninfected. The study concluded significantly lower brood production in uninfected field colonies when compared to infected field colonies. Additionally, the total number of queens per colony is significantly greater in T. solenopsae infected mounds with 35.4ñ31.9 queens for infected mounds and 15.5ñ11.2 queens for uninfected mounds, demonstrating a possible host response to parasite infection. In the study examining stable temperature effects on T. solenopsae spore growth and spore type, a stable temperature of 31ðC induced greater production of binucleate free spores in worker S. invicta. There was an overall decrease of T. solenopsae octospores at 16ðC, 26ðC and 31ðC. The studies concerning extraction of T. solenopsae spores, and inclusion in food infusions demonstrated viable spore recovery after centrifugation, verified by using Calcofluor M2R and Sytox Green dual staining. This study demonstrated significant decreases in spore viability over a 10 week period. The study concerning pH demonstrated significant effects of differing pH parameters with the best viable spore recovery at pH 4 and no spore recovery at pH 1 and pH 2. The least viable spore recovery occurred at pH 6 and pH 12 after 24 hours of emersion verified by using Calcofluor M2R and Sytox Green dual staining.
7
Chytilová, Kristýna. "Analýza obchodní strategie firmy Invia." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76389.
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The diploma thesis is describing Analysis of business strategy of the company Invia and is divided into two parts. First part summarizes principle of market of tourism. It defines subjects and specifics of this market. Special attention is focused on selling tours through the Internet. Second part analyzes business strategy of travel agency Invia, the largest seller of tours online in the Czech Republic. First of all basic information about the company are described, and then parts of business strategy are developed, including SWOT analyze.
8
Gundelsweiler, Fredrik. "INVISIP - Implementation eines Scatterplots zur Visualisierung von geo-räumlichen Metadaten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10252261.
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Huamán, Guerrero Alfonso Edmundo. "Génesis y controles litoestructurales del yacimiento polimetálico invicta distrito Huaura – Lima." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2010. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2010/huaman_ga/html/index-frames.html.
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El área de Invicta, se encuentra al norte de Lima en la cordillera occidental de los andes peruanos, dentro del eugeosinclinal de la cuenca geosinclinal andina del Mesozoico, en el contacto entre las rocas intrusivas del Batolito de la Costa y las rocas volcánicas del grupo Calipuy, localizándose las estructuras mineralizadas en ambas litologías, con metales económicos de Au, Cu, Ag, Pb y Zn de interés económico actual. En esta área el yacimiento Invicta, comprende i) la generación de las últimas pulsaciones de los intrusivos calcoalcalinos del Batolito de la Costa, con edades de alrededor de los 30 millones de años. La etapa inicial generativa del magmatismo del batolito, se remonta y relaciona con los movimientos compresivos orogénicos de la fase peruana ocurridos en el Cretácico superior con edades de aproximadamente de 100 millones de años. ii) la generación de las rocas volcánicas de la formación Calipuy, con edades algo menores a los pulsos de las soluciones hidrotermales generadas por los intrusivos. Aparentemente los pulsos magmáticos finales del batolito y de los volcánicos Calipuy, fueron impulsados por los movimientos de deformación compresiva de la fase Incaica durante el Terciario inferior a medio; iii) finalmente la generación de los fluidos hidrotermales a partir de las soluciones residuales ricas en iones metálicos y sílice, originadas en los últimos pulsos intrusionales del batolito, produjeron la mineralización del yacimiento Invicta. El estudio de inclusiones fluidas, muestra tres poblaciones de fluidos mineralizantes reconocidas por los distintos grados de temperatura que van desde los 150 a 450 ºC y salinidades que van de 0 a 21 % eq. peso NaCl, lo cual ha permitido una superposición de eventos con mineral de interés. Este hecho unido a la litología ígnea huésped favorable y a los sistemas de fallamiento como canales recolectores en la depositación de los fluidos mineralizantes, han favorecido la formación de este depósito mineral. Tentativamente se clasifica a Invicta, como un yacimiento de tipo Cordillerano, de origen epigenético fundamentalmente de rango mesotermal a epitermal. De acuerdo al diagrama de Wilkinson de homogeneización vs salinidad, muestra una compleja 8 distribución de la mineralización de este yacimiento, que cae principalmente en el campo mesotermal con gradación al campo epitermalInvicta area is located north of Lima in the western cordillera of the Peruvian Andes, within the eugeosyncline of the geosyncline Andean Mesozoic basin in the contact between the intrusive rocks of the Coastal Batholith and the volcanic rocks of Calipuy group, locating mineralized structures in both lithologies, with economic metals Au, Cu, Ag, Pb and Zn of current economic interest. In this area the mineral deposit of Invicta comprises i) the generation of the last pulse of calc-alkaline intrusions of the Coastal Batholith with ages around 30 million years. The initial phase of the batholith magmatism generative dates and related to compressive orogenic movements of the Peruvian phase occurred in upper Cretaceous with ages approximately 100 million years. ii) Generation of the volcanic rocks of Calipuy formation with ages somewhat lower than the pulses of hydrothermal solutions generated by the intrusive. Apparently the final pulses of the Batholith and the Calipuy volcanic was driven by movements of compressive deformation of the Inca phase during the lower to middle tertiary. iii) Finally the generation of hydrothermal fluids from the residual solutions rich in silica and metal ions, originated in the last intrusional pulses of the Batholith, and they originated the mineralization in mineral deposit of Invicta. The fluid inclusion study shows three populations of mineralizing fluids recognized by different temperature ranging from 150 to 450 ºC and salinities ranging from 0 to 21% eq. NaCl, which has allowed an overlay of events with mineral interest. This fact, together with favorable host igneous lithology and faulting systems as channels gatherer for the deposition of mineralizing fluids, have encouraged the formation of this mineral deposit. Invicta is tentatively classified as a Cordillerano mineral deposit type, of epigenetic origin mainly mesothermal to epithermal range. The Wilkinson diagram of salinity vs. homogenization shows a complex distribution of mineralization in this mineral deposit, which falls mainly in the mesothermal field with gradations to epithermal field. 10 The column previously recognized with economic mineralization in Atenea Vein is 600 m; with a paleorelief would be about 400 m above the present surface, making a total column of 1000 m. in the vertical. This fact and the different phase of mineralization superimposed with different degrees of temperature and salinity, open up important exploratory opportunities in depth, in Atenea vein mainly towards the southwest as well as in other veins, which will be pointing to the continuation of detailed investigations in the laboratory and confirmed by exploration with diamond drilling and other complementary studies
10
Overton, Katherine Jane. "Mating flight initiation and nutritional status of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) alates infected with Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae)." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1381.
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Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen and Hazard, is a microsporidian pathogen that infects the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren. This four part study examined the effects that T. solenopsae had on fire ant queens as they matured for their mating flights. For the first study, a total of 878 alates were collected at two timed intervals during a nuptial flight and after to determine if T. solenopsae affected their ability to initiate a mating flight. Infection rates in alates that left the colony early during a flight were 23.75% while alates that did not leave the colony were 66.16%. Two other studies examined whether T. solenopsae affected protein and lipid stores in future queens. Protein stores were not significantly different in infected and uninfected ants, while lipid stores were significantly less in alates that were infected with T. solenopsae (10.69% in infected versus 13.98% in uninfected). The final analysis was done with all of the combined data, which showed that alates infected with T. solenopsae were significantly smaller than uninfected alates.
11
Rice, Kevin Barry Eubanks Micky. "Mutualisms, commensalisms, and predation the direct and indirect effects of fire ants on arthropods and plants /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1392.
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Duchoňová, Denisa. "Návrh zlepšení firemní kultury v CA Invia." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222005.
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Master´s thesis „Suggestion for the Improvemnetof the Company´s Culture“ is engaged in analysis of corporate culture in the company called Diplomat.cz which belongs to the significant seller of services on the Czech market. The main target of Master´s thesis was to engage the power and level of corporate culture, satisfaction of employee, to identify the components of corporate culture due to the Schein ´s model and suggest on the basis of questionnaire´s results steps, which could improve corporate atmosphere and contribute to increase the productivity of labour.
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Karlsson, Sven-Göran. "Enbart för de invigda öppnar sig texten fullt ut : Om gymnasieelevers genremedvetenhet." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2410.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att granska ett antal gymnasieelevers genrekompetens och avgöra hur kapabla de är att placera in texter i olika genrer, samt vad som får dem att betrakta en text som tillhörig en specifik genre. Detta görs genom en tvådelad undersökning där en grupp elever ombeds genrebestämma fyra autentiska texter (en saga, ett kåseri, en skräcknovell och en nyhetsartikel) samt motivera sina val, medan ytterligare en grupp elever fritt får beskriva vad de anser som specifikt för dessa fyra genrer. Undersökningens resultat jämförs sedan med litteraturvetenskapens genredefinitioner. Av resultatet framgår att medverkande elever tycks besitta en någorlunda god kunskap i ett antal vanliga genrer. De kan med ganska stor säkerhet placera texterna i rätt genre samt beskriva vad som är specifikt för genren ifråga. Dessa beskrivningar stämmer tämligen väl överens med de som ges inom litteraturvetenskapen, men skiljer sig också på ett fåtal punkter.
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Díaz, Solar Francisco, and Infante Duanel Díaz. "Gastón Baquero invita a leer Cosmos, de Alejandro de Humboldt." Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3453/.
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Keck, Molly Elizabeth. "Invasive interactions of Monomorium minimum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) infected with Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae)." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3986.
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Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Alan, and Hazard is an internal microsporidian
that parasitizes the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. This experiment
studied the invasive interactions between the native United States ant, Monomorium
minimum (Buckley), and S. invicta colonies infected with T. solenopsae and S. invicta
colonies free of parasites. This study utilized S. invicta colonies of 100, 300, 600, 800,
and 1000 workers to determine the ability of 1000 M. minimum workers to invade each
S. invicta colony size. There was a significant difference in the time for M. minimum to
invade S. invicta when comparing S. invicta colonies of 1000 workers infected with T.
solenopsae to S. invicta colonies that were uninfected. It was also determined that there
was a significant difference in the time for M. minimum to invade smaller uninfected S.
invicta colonies as opposed to larger uninfected S. invicta colonies. There was no
significant difference in the ability of M. minimum to invade smaller S. invicta colonies
infected with T. solenopsae as opposed to larger infected S. invicta colonies. It was
therefore concluded that S. invicta colonies infected with T. solenopsae were not able to
defend their colony or prevent competing ants from invading as well as uninfected S.
invicta colonies. This study also demonstrated that M. minimum is a significantly more
invasive species when compared to S. invicta, invading S. invicta territories in every
situation and doing so in a significantly shorter period of time than S. invicta colonies
invaded M. minimum colonies.
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Cooper, Laura B. "The potential effects of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) on arthropod abundance and Cucumber mosaic virus." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2012-16-07/COOPER_LAURA_14.pdf.
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Chen, Johnny Shou-Chung. "Pathophysiology and transmission of Thelohania solenopsae in the red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2761.
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Thelohania solenopsae are intracellular pathogens found in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. These pathogens cause detrimental effects to their fire ant hosts. The present study revealed that the midgut and the meconium materials from pupating fourth instar larvae were possible vehicles for the horizontal transmission of the disease. The pathogen was further found to cause a reduction of humeral proteins. In SDS-PAGE stained with silver, several proteins were observed only in controls but not in infected fire ant queens. Different queens were found to have variable proteins reduced due to infection of this pathogen. Furthermore, vitellogenin titers were found to be significantly reduced in infected fire ant queens, although the infection rates of the fat body cells was found to be less than 20%. Finally, although the pathogens did not directly induce apoptosis in infected cells, there were more infected cells undergoing apoptosis than uninfected cells. There was no evidence to support the idea that infected fat body cells became more resistant to apoptosis inducers.
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Mejía, Aguilar Joel Rolando. "Geología y categorización de recursos geológicos mineros del proyecto Invicta – provincia de Huaura, Lima." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2009. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2009/mejia_aj/html/index-frames.html.
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Allen, Hamilton Ross. "Distribution and Management of the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35125.
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Red imported fire ant specimens were first collected in Virginia in 1989 from colonies located in Hampton, Va. Now colonies are established throughout the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. Because the fire ant is a new pest information regarding the distribution, biology, and management of the ant in Virgnia are absent. Therefore studies were conducted to compare the efficacies of four broadcast fire ant control products and an individual mound treatment to control fire ants and to determine the impact of Advion and Top Choice on non-target ant species. Additionally, twenty-six fire ant colonies in Virginia were sampled to determine colony social form and to detect biological control organisms. Lastly, the CLIMEX model was used to predict the potential spread of the fire ant in Virginia.
Field trials showed that combination applications of Advion and Top Choice provided the fastest and greatest reduction in foraging three days after treatment and the longest residual control of fire ant colonies for one year. Field tests documenting the impacts of Advion and Top Choice on non-target ants indicate treatments do supress ant foraging but ant populations will rebound 10-12 months after treatment.
Laboratory PCR assays revealed that colonies in Virginia are primarily polygyne. Also, Kneallhazia solenopsae, Pseudaction spp. parasitoid decapitating phorid flies, and Solenopsis invicta virues (SINV) genetic materials were detected in fire ant samples.
CLIMEX model results indicate that fire ants will be able to spread as far east as the Greater Richmond area and as far north as Alexandria in Virginia.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Diaz, Galarraga Rodrigo Rogelio. "Impact of the red imported fire ant upon cotton arthropods." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/254.
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Calixto, Sanchez Alejandro Antonio. "Diversity, abundance, seasonality and interactions of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in pecans in Mumford, Robertson Co., Texas." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1487.
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Alpha diversity, population dynamics and interactions of ant assemblages were
studied in a pecan orchard located in Mumford, Texas. The assemblages included the
invasive species Solenopsis invicta Buren, known as the red imported fire ant (RIFA).
The study addressed the major question of what is the response of the ant assemblage to
the reduction of RIFA following insecticide applications (bait and contact insecticide)
and the impact of these on individual species. To address this question three treatments
were established in a 16 hectare area in the orchard. The treatments were randomly
assigned in 1.33 hectare blocks with four replications and periodically monitored.
Treatments were: 1) insect growth regulator (IGR) bait treatment (ExtinguishTM, active
compound is 0.5% s-methoprene) applied twice in 2000 and once in 2001; 2) the contact
insecticide chlorpyrifos (LorsbanTM) applied on tree trunks four times in 2000 and once
in 2001; and 3) untreated Control. Blocks were sampled using pitfall traps, baited vials,
direct sampling, and colony counts. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA-GLM with
the LSD multiple comparison test to compare the effect of treatment on the ant
assemblage (using the Shannon index) and the effect on individual species. Additionally,
data obtained from Control plots were used to compare sampling techniques and to
determine what method is most efficient for collecting ants in this agroecosystem.
Shannon indices were estimated for each method and compared. The ant assemblage
consisted of 16 ant species. S. invicta was the most abundant followed by Paratrechina
sp. and Monomorium minimum. The IGR treatment consistently reduced RIFA (77%).
Native ants were found to coexist with RIFA in the Control and chlorpyrifos plots at
lower densities and maintained higher densities in IGR plots. Chlorpyrifos trunk
treatment did not have a significant impact on RIFA or native ant densities. The native
ant, Dorymyrmex flavus, was greater in IGR plots following RIFA reduction and higher
densities were found to persist for more than two years after the last IGR treatment.
During this period, D. flavus was observed carrying large numbers of dead RIFA, some
taken inside the nest, and some disarticulated RIFA taken out of the nest. RIFA remains
were accumulated in D. flavus middens, further indication of an important interaction
between these two species. These results indicate D. flavus resisted reinvasion by RIFA.
22
Stiles, Judith H. "The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in early-successional coastal plain forests: tests of distribution and interaction strength." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46488.
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The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is an abundant and aggressive component of early-successional communities in the southeastern United States. After disturbance, it rapidly invades new habitats, and once there, it has strong competitive and predatory effects on the existing arthropod community. In upland coastal plain pine forests at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, I conducted two studies of fire ant ecology. In my first study (chapter 1), I investigated the way in which fire ants colonize early-successional road and powerline cuts through forests, and I tested whether some of these linear habitats provided better fire ant habitat than others. I found that fire ant mound density (#/ha) was similar in narrow dirt roads and in wider roads with the same intermediate level of mowing disturbance, and that density was lower in wide powerline cuts where the vegetation is only removed every five years. Furthermore, mound density was greatest near the edges of cleared roads and powerline cuts and was also greater on the northern sides of roads and powerline cuts where there was less shading from the adjacent forest. Results from this study suggest that allowing increased shading from adjacent forest vegetation, especially along northern roadside edges, would limit the suitability of road and powerline cuts as fire ant habitat, thereby slowing invasion. In my second study (chapter 2), I examined the impact of fire ants on arthropod and plant species in early-successional forest gaps. In a tritrophic system, I tested whether the top-down effect of insect herbivore consumption by fire ants was strong enough to cascade through two trophic levels and improve plant growth and fitness. I compared this potential effect to that of other arthropod predators in the community. I found that fire ants controlled the level of tissue damage to plant leaves by herbivores, but that the damage was not severe enough to influence plant growth or fitness. Fire ants had stronger negative interactions with insect herbivores than other predators in the community, and for this reason, fire ants can be considered keystone predators. This project provides further evidence that fire ants successfully invade even small patches of early-successional habitat that exist within larger matrices of uninhabitable, late-successional forest, and that once there, they have a dramatic effect on the arthropod community. Restricting the amount of early-successional habitat within southeastern forests, either as permanent road and powerline cuts or as temporary gaps, would limit the potential for strong and detrimental effects by the invasive fire ant.Master of Science
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Murta, Maria Marcia. "Sintese total e estereosseletiva do (+-)-invictolideo. Componente do feromonio de reconhecimento da formiga Solenopsis invicta." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249133.
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Orientador : R. A. PilliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T01:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Murta_MariaMarcia_D.pdf: 11791272 bytes, checksum: 045458321fd7ff966f609721e526e172 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991
Doutorado
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Campomizzi, Andrew J. "Effects of red imported fire ants on songbird nest survival." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2843.
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Chen, Mei-Er. "cDNA cloning and transcriptional regulation of the vitellogenin receptor from the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1596.
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Receptors that transport vitellogenin into oocytes are of vital importance to egg-laying species because they promote oocyte development. In this study, we describe the cloning of the first hymenopteran vitellogenin receptor (VgR) cDNA. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and both 5- and 3- rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), cDNA fragments encompassing the entire coding region of a putative VgR from fire ant (= SiVgR) were cloned and sequenced. The complete SiVgR cDNA has a length of 5764 bp encoding a 1782-residue protein with a predicted molecular mass of 201.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the SiVgR revealed that it encoded a protein belonging to the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily. The number and arrangement of modular domains of SiVgR are the same as those of mosquito and fruit fly VgRs, except there are only four Class A cysteine-rich repeats in the first ligand binding domain of SiVgR compared to five in the mosquito and fruit fly. The deduced amino acid sequence of the SiVgR exhibited 35% and 31% identity to those of the mosquito and fruit fly VgRs, respectively. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the 7.4-kb SiVgR mRNA was present only in Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the 7.4-kb SiVgR mRNA was present only in ovaries of reproductive females − both alates (virgins) and queens (mated) and was more abundant in alates. The developmental profile of transcriptional expression was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. It showed that the SiVgR transcript increased 6-fold from 0- to 10-days after mating, then remained constant through 30 days. It also showed that the SiVgR transcripts increased with age in alate virgin females. The transcriptional expression of the SiVgR was up-regulated more than two-fold by methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog, as determined by using an in vitro system. This suggested the SiVgR gene is JH regulated.
26
Ottman, M. J., and B. A. Kimball. "Invinsa Application to Reduce Water Stress Effects on Corn Growth and Yield at Maricopa, AZ, 2011." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211154.
Full textAbstract:
Invinsa blocks ethylene perception by plants and can reduce the negative effects of water stress on crop growth. The objective of this study is to measure the effect on corn growth and yield of Invinsa application at incipient water stress. A study was conducted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center where Invinsa was applied on 15 June and 20 June in blocks with adequate irrigation or deficit irrigation, which received no irrigation water for 10 days past incipient stress beginning on 15 June. Invinsa had inconsistent effects on corn growth and yield. The most notable effect of Invinsa, however, was an increase in total plant yield from 11.09 to13.43 t/a measured on 23 July and from 11.36 to 13.61 t/a measured on 13 Aug in the adequate irrigation block for Invinsa application on 15 June. However, Invinsa had no effect on final grain yield. The lack of a consistent response to Invinsa may be explained by the higher than optimum temperature at time of application or other unknown factors.
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Ottman, M. J., and B. A. Kimball. "Invinsa Application to Reduce Water Stress Effects on Corn Growth and Yield at Maricopa, AZ, 2012." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279376.
Full textAbstract:
Invinsa blocks ethylene perception by plants and can reduce the negative effects of water stress on crop growth. The objective of this study is to measure the effect on corn growth and yield of Invinsa application at incipient water stress. A study was conducted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center where Invinsa was applied on 15 May in blocks with adequate or deficit irrigation. The deficit irrigation block received no irrigation water for 7 days past incipient stress beginning on 15 May, but otherwise received adequate water during the other parts of the season. Invinsa had little or no effect on crop growth measured at five different dates during the growing season. Invinsa had no effect on grain yield, grain moisture content, harvest index, ear number, kernels per ear, kernel weight, and silking date. We were not able to measure an effect of Invinsa on photosynthetic rate, conductance to water, intercellular CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit, or leaf temperature. However, Invinsa increased daily water use at various time periods, particularly in the adequate irrigation regime. The lack of a response this year to Invinsa, other than water use, is similar to the results from last year where no consistent response was measured. Invinsa has increased corn yield in other regions, and heat and/or water stress at the Maricopa may mask the effects of Invinsa or render it ineffective.
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Bedford, Theresa Louise. "Red imported fire ant impact on native ants and litter removal in the post oak savannah of central Texas." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3770.
Full textAbstract:
I examined the impacts of the invasive red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis
invicta) on native ants (Monomorium minimum, Paratrechina sp., S. krockowi, Pheidole
metallescens, Forelius pruinosus, and Camponotus americanus) and litter removal in a
post oak savannah community in central Texas. The study site was divided into 3
adjacent areas, and ant-toxic bait was used, along with additional colonies of RIFA, to
establish 3 different densities of RIFA (naturally occurring, low, and high). I surveyed
the ants in the 3 density areas and calculated the catch per unit effort for each species.
Litter baits were placed in the 3 density areas for 14 12-hour trials. The masses of the
litter removed were measured, and means were calculated for each speciesdensity/
trial/date/period/bait combination. The average amounts of litter removed by
RIFA and native ant were different in the 3 density areas (0.42 g, 0.0 g, and 0.75 g for
RIFA in the natural RIFA density area, low RIFA density area, and high RIFA density
area, respectively; 0.0 g, 0.16 g, and 0.15 g for native ants in the natural RIFA density
area, low RIFA density area, and high RIFA density area, respectively), indicating that
RIFA does have an effect on native ant habitat use.
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Furman, Barry D. "Utilization and evaluation of an indoxacarb-based granular bait (Advion) developed for the control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5784.
Full textAbstract:
This research evaluated the new red imported fire ant (RIFA) bait Advionâ¢.
Advion⢠contains the active ingredient indoxacarb which, following ingestion, must be
metabolized into an N-decarbomethoxyllated metabolite known as JT333 in order to
become acutely toxic. Laboratory experimentation was conducted to determine the most
effective chemical form and concentration of indoxacarb, as well as the most appropriate
grit size, for use in Advionâ¢. The results indicated that Advion⢠containing indoxacarb
was more effective than Advion⢠containing JT333, that 0.10%, 0.06%, and 0.045%
were the most effective concentrations of indoxacarb, and that standard sized grit (~2
mm) was more effective than small sized grit (<1 mm).
Field experimentation was conducted to determine the most effective concentration
and quantity of Advionâ¢, as well as the most effective placement of the bait, for
obtaining maximum control of RIFA colonies via individual mound treatments. The
results indicated that 10 g (2 Tbsp) of 0.045% Advion⢠placed around the mound in a
circle with a radius of 0.5-3.0 m was the most effective manner in which to treat
individual RIFA mounds. Field experimentation was also conducted to compare the
effectiveness of label-rate broadcast treatment with Advion⢠to the effectiveness of both label-rate broadcast treatment with Amdroî and pre-baiting broadcast treatment with
Advionâ¢. Both pre-baiting broadcast treatment and label-rate broadcast treatment with
Advion⢠ultimately resulted in 98-99% RIFA colony mortality, which was significantly
greater than the 87% colony mortality resulting from broadcast treatment with Amdroî.
The 6.2 d LT90 for label-rate broadcast treatment with Advion⢠was nearly one half that
of the LT90 for pre-baiting broadcast treatment.
Laboratory experimentation was conducted to determine whether RIFA workers were
capable of metabolizing indoxacarb into the toxic metabolite, and the results clearly
indicated that they were. Finally, field experimentation was conducted to evaluate the
effectiveness of label-rate broadcast treatment with Advion⢠at controlling multiple ant
species. The results indicated that label-rate broadcast treatment with Advion⢠resulted
in control of the RIFA and Pogonomyrmex barbatus for at least 7 wk, and Monomorium
pharaonis and Dorymyrmex pyramicus for some period of time between 3 and 7 wk.
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Dall'Aglio-Holvercem, Christiane Gonçalves. "Estudos populacionais e taxonomicos de formigas lava-pes, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e da fenologia de seus parasitoides do genero Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316308.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Woodruff Whitman Benson, Jose Roberto TrigoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este trabalho discute alguns aspectos da ecologia da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis invicta e seus parasitóides, as moscas do gênero Pseudacteon (familia Phoridae), e da taxonomia de S. invicta e S. saevissima, ambas nativas da América do Sul. A alometria de colônias de S. invicta no sudeste do Brasil foi estudada através de medições das dimensões do ninho acima do solo, seguidas por escavação e medida da profundidade, biomassa e número de operárias da colônia, assim como da largura média da cabeça das operárias. Análise de regressão dos dados para 28 colônias forneceu novas relações alométricas que podem ser usadas para estimar o volume do ninho (acima e abaixo da superfície do solo), a biomassa de formigas, e o número de operárias a partir do volume do ninho acima do solo. A biomassa de formigas por unidade de volume do ninho, o número de operarias por unidade de volume do ninho, o peso médio por operária, e a largura média da cabeça das operárias foram essencialmente independentes do tamanho da colônia. Em contraste, estas quatro quantidades aumentam com o tamanho da colônia entre colônias de S. invicta na América do Norte. O ciclo sazonal e abundância de moscas parasitóides do gênero Pseudacteon na vizinhança de colônias de S. invicta no sudeste do Brasil foi observado ao longo de um período de 3 anos em li áreas de gramíneas nos arredores de Campinas. O número médio N de forídeos atraídos para um ninho de formigas lava-pés ao longo de um período padrão de observação (15 min) foi usado como uma medida da abundância de forídeos. As dimensões do ninho e algumas variáveis meteorológicas foram também registradas em cada ninho de formigas lava-pés. Pseudacteon tricuspis foi a espécie mais comum (70.4%), seguido por P. curvatus (23.8%), P. obtusus (1.9%) e P.litoralis (3.9%). As características mais notáveis das flutuações sazonais da abundância de Pseudacteon são picos abruptos com duração aproximada de um mês (valores máximos de N entre 4 e 10 forídeos/ninho), que ocorreram em abril e junho de alguns anos; para comparação, valores típicos de N estavam entre 0.2 e 2 forídeos/ninho. As populações de forídeos parecem ser destruídas por incêndios e inundações, mas recuperam-se em uma escala de tempo da ordem de meses. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi encontrada entre a abundância de Pseudacteon e variáveis meteoro lógicas, densidade, ou volume de ninhos de S. invicta, sugerindo que a abundância de Pseudacteon não está diretamente ligada a abundância de S. invicta. Flutuações quase idênticas em abundância de Pseudacteon foram observadas ao longo de um período de 6 meses em duas áreas de estudo separadas por cerca de 3 km, o que pode ser causado por dispersão de forídeos e conseqüente uniformização de densidades sobre áreas de vários quilômetros quadrados. Os números de forídeos atraídos pelos vários ninhos de S. invicta incluídos neste estudo seguiram uma distribuição de Poisson em baixas abundâncias de Pseudacteon (N < 0,5 forídeos/ninho); a distribuição tornava-se mais e mais contagiosa com o aumento da abundância de Pseudacteon (até o máximo observado, de N = 10 forídeoslninho). Esta observação sugere que a atratividade de um ninho de formigas lava-pés aos parasitóides aumenta com o número de forídeos que foram previamente atraídos para o ninho. Critérios quantitativos eficientes foram desenvolvidos para distinguir entre S. invicta e S. saevissima, que são morfológicamente muito similares e cujas distribuições geográficas na América do Sul se sobrepõe significativamente. Estes critérios resultaram da análise de 68 amostras de formigas lava-pés de 9 localidades espalhadas pelo estado de São Paulo (sudeste do Brasil) através de cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa. 22 hidrocarbonetos cuticulares e 18 alcalóides piperidínicos foram identificados nas amostras estudadas, e suas abundâncias relativas foram analisadas utilizando análises de componentes principais e de funções discriminantes. Estas análises mostraram uma separacão nítida entre as duas espécies em um plano com certas coordenadas (P,Q), que são funções das abundâncias relativas dos hidrocarbonetos cuticulares. As amostras provenientes de uma das localidades (São José do Rio Preto) têm uma composição de hidrocarbonetos que é claramente diferente de todas as outras amostras consideradas neste estudo, mas também apresentam algumas caracteristicas em comum com cada uma das duas espécies. Uma possibilidade é que esta população constitua um hibrido de S. invicta e S. saevissima. As duas espécies também exibem uma separação razoavelmente nítida em um plano com coordenadas (R$), que são funções das abundâncias relativas de alcalóides piperidínicos. Os resultados das identificações de espécies baseados nestes critérios de separação quimica concordam com os resultados baseados em um critério morfológico, a presença ou ausência do dente clipeal mediano. A população "anômala" de São José do Rio Preto é morfologicamente classificada como S. invicta
Abstract: This work discusses some aspects of the ecology of the fire ant species Solenopsis invicta and its phorid parasitoid flies ofthe genus Pseudacteon, and ofthe taxonomy of S. invicta and S. saevissima, both of which are native to South America. The allometry of S. invicta colonies in southeast Brazil was studied by measurement of mound (aboveground) dimensions, followed by excavation and measurement of the colony depth, biomass, number of workers, and mean worker head width. Regression anaIysis of data for 28 colonies yielded new allometric relationships which can be used to estimate nest volume (above and below ground), ant biomass, and number ofworkers ITom mound (aboveground) volume. Ant biomass per unit nest volume, number of workers per unit nest volume, mean worker weight, and mean worker head width were nearly independent of colony size. In contrast, these four quantities increase with colony size among S. invicta colonies in North America. The seasonal cycle of abundance of Pseudacteon phorid flies in the vicinity of S. invicta colonies in southeast Brazil was observed over a 3-year period in 11 grass-covered areas in the outskirts of Campinas. The average number N of phorids attracted to a fire ant nest over a standard observation period (15 min) was used as a measure of phorid abundance. Mound dimensions and meteorological variables were also recorded at each fIre ant nest. Pseudacteon tricuspis was the most common species (84.2%), followed by P. curvatus (12.6%), P. obtusus (2.7%) e P. litoralis (0.5%). The most remarkabIe featores of the seasonal fluctuations of Pseudacteon abundance are sharp month-Iong peaks (peak N values between 4 and 10 phorids/nest) which occurred in Abril and June of some years; for comparison, at other times N was typically between 0.2 and 2 phorids/nest. Phorid populations seem to be destroyed by rifes and floods, but recover on a time scale of months. No significant correlation was found between Pseudacteon abundance and meteorological variables, density, or volume of S. invicta nests, suggesting that Pseudacteon abundance is not determined by, and does not determine, the abundance of S. invicta. Almost identical fluctuations in Pseudacteon abundance were observed over a 6-month period in two study areas separated by about 3 km, which may be due to phorid dispersaI and consequent density uniformization over areas of several square kilorneters. The nurnbers of phorids attracted by the various S. invicta nests inc1uded in this study followed a Poisson distribution at 10w Pseudacteon abundances (N < 0.5 phorids/nest), becoming more and more contagious at high Pseudacteon abundances (up to N= 10 phorids/nest). This observation suggests that the attractiveness oftire ant nests to phorid parasitoids increase with the nurnbeer ofphorids which have been previously attracted to the nest. Efficient quantitative criteria were developed for distinguishing between S. invicta and S. saevissima, which are morphologically very similar and whose geographical ranges in South Arnerica significantly overlap. These criteria resulted from the analysis of 68 tire ant samples from 9 localities across São Paulo state (southeast Brazil) via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 22 cuticular hydrocarbons and 18 piperidine alkaloids were identified in the studied samples, and their relative abundances were analyzed using principal component and discrirninant function analyses. These analyses showed a sharp separation between the two species in a plane with certain coordinates (P,Q), which are functions of the relative abundances of cuticular hydrocarbons. The fire ant samples from one of the localities (São José do Rio Preto) had a hydrocarbon composition which was markedly different from ali other samples considered in this study, but had some features in common with each ofthe two species. One possibility is that this population constitutes a hybrid of S. invicta and S. saevissima. The two species also show a reasonably sharp separation in a plane with coordinates (R,S), which are functions of the relative abundances of piperidine alkaloids. The species identification results based on these chernical separation criteria agree with those based on a morphological criterion, the presence or absence of the median clypeal tooth. The "anomalous" population from São José do Rio Preto is rnorphologically c1assified as S. invicta
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia
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Dallyn, Yana. "Esoterism i konst – konst för de invigda : Tolkningar av Hilma af Klint och hennes verk genom det esoteriska prismat." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190370.
Full textAbstract:
Esoterismens förekomst i konst- och kulturlivet i Sverige är särskilt utmärkande under sekelskiftet. Fenomenet har tidigare funnits i samhället men genom lagstiftningar marginaliserats till det övre samhällsskiktet och därmed förbjöds allmänheten från sådana praktiker. Esoteriska praktiker och idéer om verkligheten kan däremot spåras i modernismens konstnärliga rörelser som symbolism och abstrakt konst. Hilma af Klint var en av de konstnärerna som praktiserade esoterism och förmedlade dess ideologier i sina verk. Uppsatsens syfte är att lyfta fram fenomenet i konst under sekelskiftet och studera hur det etablerades, samt vilken effekt hade det i konst-och kulturlivet? Hur kom de esoteriska influenserna till uttryck i konst? Hur kan dess effekter spåras i ett konstnärskap? Uppsatsen utgörs av två huvudkapitel, som undersöker den esoteriska kontexten, budskapsförmedlingen i konstverk samt dess effekt i af Klints konstnärskap. Undersökningen visar att esoterism spreds till följd av modernitetens innovationer. De skapade de rätta förutsättningarna för esoterismens etablering och influerande i konst-och kulturlivet under tiden. Kultursfärens transnationella resor bidrog också till approprierande av esoteriska idéer i andra europeiska länder, som inte begränsades av lagstiftningar. Sådana idéer togs med hem till Sverige och spreds. Det abstraherade bildspråket i konstverken är sprungen ur esoteriska praktiker som seanser och automatism, samt dess verklighetsföreställningar. Därför kan bildspråket anses vara symbolladdat och refererande. Sådan konst kräver en betraktare initierad i de esoteriska visdomarna för uttolkningen av det symboliska meddelandet. Den insikten resulterade i slutsatsen att marginaliseringen av esoterismen till övresamhällsskiktet var med syftet att bevara den visdomen bland invigda i de esoteriska kunskaperna. Konstnärer som af Klint etablerade inom den kontexten, bör således omvärderas från enbart abstrakta, till möjligen missionerande spirituella sådana, som sökte återge och etablera esoteriska ideologier.
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Souza, Rodrigo Fernando de [UNESP]. "Caracterização de populações genéticas de Solenopsis invicta através de marcadores moleculares microssatélites. Correlação de similaridade entre populações hospedeiras e endossimbiose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87691.
Full textAbstract:
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As formigas da espécie Solenopsis invicta são nativas da América do Sul, mas elas foram introduzidas em novos ambientes e passaram a causar sérios danos à agricultura e pecuária bem como causar alguns transtornos ao ser humano. Muitos estudos sobre a biologia reprodutiva de S. invicta foram conduzidos com populações introduzidas; porém, poucos com as populações nativas. As ferramentas moleculares como microssatélties e mtDNA podem auxiliar na investigação sobre a biologia reprodutiva das espécies. Diferentes comportamentos sociais de S. invicta como a monoginia e a poliginia, podem interferir na biologia reprodutiva da espécie, e a utilização das ferramentas moleculares corretas pode evidenciar este comportamento. A expansão das populações nativas, assim como a introdução dessa formiga em outros ambientes, pode ter levado à interação com outros táxons de formigas e com outros tipos de organismos. Essa interação pode ter sido responsável pela aquisição da endobactéria Wolbachia. Ela é uma bactéria intracelular que pode causar distúrbios reprodutivos em seus hospedeiros. Este trabalho analisou 10 ninhos de S. invicta coletados em cinco cidades do Estado de São Paulo com o objetivo de inferir sobre a biologia reprodutiva de S. invicta, utilizando marcadores moleculares microssatélites e mtDNA e também verificar a presença de Wolbachia. A formação de quatro grupos filogeneticamente distintos para mtDNA sugerem linhagens divergentes de haplótipos dentro dos dez ninhos. Essa separação também pode indicar interferências na dispersão natural das fêmeas. A análise dos microssatélites revelou que alguns problemas moleculares podem interferir na investigação sobre a biologia reprodutiva. A análise específica de poliginia indica que todos os ninhos analisados são monogínicos, mas os resultados de microssatélites sugerem que ninhos de S. invicta...
The ants of Solenopsis invicta are native of South America, but they were introduced into new environments and began to cause serious damage to agriculture and livestock and cause some inconvenience to humans. Many studies on the reproductive biology of S. invicta were conducted with introduced populations, but few with the native populations. The molecular tools such as analysis of mtDNA and microsatellites can assist in research on the reproductive biology of the species.Different social behavior of S. invicta as monogyny and polygyny, can interfere in the reproductive biology of the species, and the use of the correct molecular tools may show this behavior.The expansion of the native populations, as well as the introduction of this ant in other environments may have led to the interaction with other taxa of ants and other types of organism. This interaction may have been responsible for the acquisition of endobacteria Wolbachia. This bacteria is intracellular and can cause reproductive disorders in their hosts. This study analyzed 10 nests of S. invicta collected in five cities of São Paulo aiming to infer the reproductive biology of S. invicta, using microsatellite markers and mtDNA and also verify the presence of Wolbachia. The formation of four groups phylogenetically distinct mtDNA suggests divergent lineages of haplotypes inside the ten nests. This separation can also indicate interference with the natural dispersal of females. Analysis of microsatellite revealed that some molecular problems may interfere in the research on the reproductive biology. The specific analysis of polygyny indicates that all nests that were analyzed are monogynous, but results of microsatellite suggest that nests of S. invicta have more than one reproductive queen. The Wolbachia presence analysis revealed two strains, the A from subgroup InvA of the S. invicta and the B strain characteristic of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Souza, Rodrigo Fernando de. "Caracterização de populações genéticas de Solenopsis invicta através de marcadores moleculares microssatélites. Correlação de similaridade entre populações hospedeiras e endossimbiose /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87691.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Odair Correa BuenoBanca: Maria Santina de Castro Morini
Banca: Ricardo Harakava
Resumo: As formigas da espécie Solenopsis invicta são nativas da América do Sul, mas elas foram introduzidas em novos ambientes e passaram a causar sérios danos à agricultura e pecuária bem como causar alguns transtornos ao ser humano. Muitos estudos sobre a biologia reprodutiva de S. invicta foram conduzidos com populações introduzidas; porém, poucos com as populações nativas. As ferramentas moleculares como microssatélties e mtDNA podem auxiliar na investigação sobre a biologia reprodutiva das espécies. Diferentes comportamentos sociais de S. invicta como a monoginia e a poliginia, podem interferir na biologia reprodutiva da espécie, e a utilização das ferramentas moleculares corretas pode evidenciar este comportamento. A expansão das populações nativas, assim como a introdução dessa formiga em outros ambientes, pode ter levado à interação com outros táxons de formigas e com outros tipos de organismos. Essa interação pode ter sido responsável pela aquisição da endobactéria Wolbachia. Ela é uma bactéria intracelular que pode causar distúrbios reprodutivos em seus hospedeiros. Este trabalho analisou 10 ninhos de S. invicta coletados em cinco cidades do Estado de São Paulo com o objetivo de inferir sobre a biologia reprodutiva de S. invicta, utilizando marcadores moleculares microssatélites e mtDNA e também verificar a presença de Wolbachia. A formação de quatro grupos filogeneticamente distintos para mtDNA sugerem linhagens divergentes de haplótipos dentro dos dez ninhos. Essa separação também pode indicar interferências na dispersão natural das fêmeas. A análise dos microssatélites revelou que alguns problemas moleculares podem interferir na investigação sobre a biologia reprodutiva. A análise específica de poliginia indica que todos os ninhos analisados são monogínicos, mas os resultados de microssatélites sugerem que ninhos de S. invicta ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The ants of Solenopsis invicta are native of South America, but they were introduced into new environments and began to cause serious damage to agriculture and livestock and cause some inconvenience to humans. Many studies on the reproductive biology of S. invicta were conducted with introduced populations, but few with the native populations. The molecular tools such as analysis of mtDNA and microsatellites can assist in research on the reproductive biology of the species.Different social behavior of S. invicta as monogyny and polygyny, can interfere in the reproductive biology of the species, and the use of the correct molecular tools may show this behavior.The expansion of the native populations, as well as the introduction of this ant in other environments may have led to the interaction with other taxa of ants and other types of organism. This interaction may have been responsible for the acquisition of endobacteria Wolbachia. This bacteria is intracellular and can cause reproductive disorders in their hosts. This study analyzed 10 nests of S. invicta collected in five cities of São Paulo aiming to infer the reproductive biology of S. invicta, using microsatellite markers and mtDNA and also verify the presence of Wolbachia. The formation of four groups phylogenetically distinct mtDNA suggests divergent lineages of haplotypes inside the ten nests. This separation can also indicate interference with the natural dispersal of females. Analysis of microsatellite revealed that some molecular problems may interfere in the research on the reproductive biology. The specific analysis of polygyny indicates that all nests that were analyzed are monogynous, but results of microsatellite suggest that nests of S. invicta have more than one reproductive queen. The Wolbachia presence analysis revealed two strains, the A from subgroup InvA of the S. invicta and the B strain characteristic of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Hill, JoVonn Grady. "Environmental variables affecting ant (Formicidae) community composition in Mississippi's Black Belt and Flatwoods regions." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04192006-141353.
Full text
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Marques, Edward. "Effects of the Exotic Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) on the Growth and Survival of the Threatened Hooded Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia minor)." UNF Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/615.
Full textAbstract:
Plants and insects are some of the most biodiverse groups in the world and are constantly interacting. One unique interaction that has been observed occurs between carnivorous plants and insects; some plant species are capable of capturing and digesting insects for nutrients. Despite preying on these insects, there are cases where such interactions can been viewed as mutualistic. For instance, a nectar reward is produced by the plant to attract insects, and during visitation insects may fall prey to these plants. Additionally, carnivorous myrmecophytic plants may receive an added indirect benefit in the form of reduced herbivory, since ants have the ability to indirectly protect and drive off herbivores from the plant. However, this type of indirect defensive benefit has been rarely observed in carnivorous plants. To determine the nature of the relationship between carnivorous plants and ants, a predator-exclusion experiment was performed in situ using a natural population of the hooded pitcher plant, Sarracenia minor. The presence of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was manipulated in the pitcher plant population to determine if the presence of this non-native ant affects the survival and growth of this carnivorous pitcher plant. From June-November 2014 mean pitcher height and width, number of pitchers, and proportion of pitchers with herbivory present was recorded monthly. Results indicated that pitcher width (p = .042) and the number of pitchers (p = .038) was significantly lower when the presence of S. invicta was reduced. Specifically, the limited presence of S. invicta led to a 21% reduction in mean number of pitchers and a 2.2% reduction in mean pitcher width. This indicated that this non-native ant does provide a direct nutritional benefit for the plant. However, the presence of the ant had no effect on pitcher height and the proportion of pitchers with herbivory present. But, when the proportion of pitchers with herbivory present was compared to a previous native ant study, herbivory proportions where similar or lower when taking the number of ants present into account. This suggests that this non-native ant and native ants equally provide defensive benefits for this native threatened species. Overall, this studied illustrated that carnivorous plants may exhibit similar multiple benefits from a single interaction with a non-native insect that is both prey and provides defense against herbivores.
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Axelsson, Pia. "Minskad trädtillväxt under Lilla sitiden? : En dendroklimatologisk jämförelse mellan nutid och 1600-talet invid trädgränsen i norra Skandinavien." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117162.
Full textAbstract:
During the period called Little Ice Age (1400 ~ 1900) the climate of northern Europe was in an annual year-basis overall colder than it was before and after that period. The numbers of short, cold and rainy summers and long, bitter-cold winters where often repetitive under the approximately 500-years the period lasted. In Scandinavia, the coldest time during this period is estimated to have started around the end of the 16th century and lasted to the beginning of the 18th century. Trees growing at the tree-line are limited by temperature for their annual growth and hence showing differences of growth during changes in the climate, a method called dendroclimatology. The variations of growth can be read in the tree-rings either by analyze the width of the ring or by look into the density of the wood and is used to reconstruct past climates. The aim of this study is to investigate how the tree-growth responded to the colder temperatures compared to today. Trees (Scots pine) close to the tree-line in northern Scandinavia where used to enhance the temperature signal in the data. The proxy used is the growth density (MXD – maximum latewood density). The result reveals that during the coldest century, the trees show a larger number of negative growth-years with comparison with the 20th century and the negative and positive growth follows a more united trend. The result also shows a great number of negative growth-years at the end of the Little Ice Age, with a lot of extreme low growth - indexes (lower than -1.5). The conclusion then leans towards a cooler climate with overall lower temperatures under the 17th century compared to 1900-2004.
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Garlapati, Rajesh Babu. "Population genetics study of the imported fire ants (Formicidae: Solenopsis spp.)." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06092009-105441.
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Fuessel, Tania. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Impacts of the Insect Growth Regulator Methoprene on Soil Mites and Function in Brisbane, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367222.
Full textAbstract:
The incursion of the globally notorious pest, red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Brisbane, Australia necessitated the prompt design and implementation of an integrated pest eradication solution. The solution included the broad-scale application of the insect growth regulators Methoprene and Pyriproxyfen. Known for high efficacy and low toxicity to selected non-target taxa in the laboratory, these chemicals have received scant attention to identify real non-target species impacts in the field.
It was the purpose of this study to provide a real-time assessment of the impacts of Methoprene on the soil ecosystem, examining both its chemical and biological composition. This was achieved by constructing a Before-After, Control-Impact (BACI) experiment, where Methoprene was applied to ‘treated’ (i.e. impact) sites following Fire Ant Control Centre (FACC) protocols. A series of soil samples were collected over repeated Methoprene applications, and analysed to determine mite diversity, community structure and chemical composition of the soil. A comparison of these characteristics at ‘control’ and ‘treated’ sites over repeated Methoprene applications enabled the assessment of the non-target impacts of Methoprene on soil mites and soil function.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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niccoli, ariele. "Formazione etica ed emozioni. Prospettive di Virtue Ethics neo-aristotelica." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1154035.
Full textAbstract:
Educational studies increasingly highlight the relevance of affectivity. Emotions, in particular, are regarded as a key-point in order to make meaningful, motivating and effective the educational relation. Anyway, the moral implications of the purpose of educate the emotions are often understudied. My dissertation aims at clarifying which thesis the neo-aristotelian Virtue Ethics hold about emotion education, by integrating philosophy of education, philosophy of emotions and moral epistemology. Chapter one argues that pedagogy and practical philosophy are similar and synergistic disciplines, in so far both aim at making better their object of inquiry. After the identification of this shared ground, I present the thematic and historical background of the neo-aristotelian Virtue Ethics, as a specific kind of ethics in the analytic tradition, then I argue that Virtue Ethics, compared to deontology and utilitarianism-consequentialism, offer the more appropriate framework to conceive the relations between education, emotions and ethics. Chapter two discusses the most important cognitive-evaluative philosophical theories of emotions, showing advantages and disadvantages of the approaches considered. I will end up by claiming that emotion education requires, to be a consistent project, cognitivism about emotions and a qualified realism about moral value. In chapter three I address the anti-rationalist challenge based on empirical evidence about how emotions impact on moral judgments. Anti-rationalism, I claim, is incompatible with the purpose of shaping the emotions looking at our best moral reasons. I will defend a moderate rationalism, according to which habitual and automatic processes – as the emotions – could count as rational and morally appropriate, to the extent that they are the consequence of education. Then I discuss two educational theses: (1) all the emotional dispositions – both “positive” and “negative” – should be cultivated, and (2) all the emotional dispositions admit an
appropriate moral form. To conclude, I examine three emotions: shame, envy and admiration. For each emotion I discuss the educational value for the ethical formation of the person.
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Neff, Richard R. "Particle Size and Bait Preference of the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8425.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most popular methods for achieving control of the Red Imported Fire
Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is through the use of broadcast baits. Several factors
contribute to bait efficacy, one of which may be particle size. The goals of these
laboratory studies were to determine particle size and bait preference using Advance
Select Granular Ant Bait and Advance Carpenter Ant Scatter Bait, determine the effect
of starvation on bait removal and recruitment to Carpenter Ant Scatter Bait, and
determine if any correlation existed between head capsule width and particle size
selected.
Experimental colonies removed significantly more 1400-2000 μm particles of
Select Granular Ant Bait, while ants foraging on Carpenter Ant Scatter Bait preferred
1000-1400 μm particles. Mean number of ants present at bait mirrored results from bait
removal test. Ants displayed a preference for Carpenter Ant Scatter Bait based on mean
number of ants present at bait for the 10-d foraging period.
For starvation assays, significant differences in bait removal and number of ants
present occurred in the 0-d group. Ants starved for 5 d removed significantly more bait of all particle sizes, and removed greater amounts of 1000-1400 μm Carpenter Ant
Scatter Bait than other sizes.
Head width reliably predicted particle size selected, but the linear model
explained very little of the observed variation for ants foraging on Select Granular Ant
Bait (R2 = 0.043) or Carpenter Ant Scatter Bait (R2 = 0.047). This study supported the
significant role of bait size and starvation period in S. invicta bait preference, and
demonstrated how size preference may vary depending on bait type.
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Liu, Kelvin Jordan, and 劉錕. "Evaluation of bait effectiveness and chitin synthesis inhibitors against Solenopsis invicta." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41853723035311176613.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
94
Solenopsis invicta is definitely one of the most serious invaded species of the world. It has caused countless economic loss and public health risk. Unfortunately, it was found at Taiwan in 2003. The government purposes to eliminate S. invicta from Taiwan, and large amount of bait and contact insecticide has been applied in the field. In the meanwhile, some effort is still trying to screen out more effective bait to control S. invicta. However, ants can’t reproduce generations in laboratory. Under such condition, the simulative laboratory test using few laboratory populations is necessary to replace the field experiment and laboratory test with whole-colony. But bait effectiveness evaluation under laboratory condition is not constructed thoroughly. 50 workers (mix of minors and majors) is replaced in one box, and fed with soybean oil for one week under 27℃. The feeding rate is 16.3 ± 0.5 mg. Comparing to the room light condition (400 Lux), the feeding rate is 10.3 ± 0.9 mg and significantly lower with dim light (4 Lux). When tested with 0.05% hydramethylnon dissolved in soybean oil and consisted with 5 - 25 4th instar larvae more, the feeding rate is not significantly different at each larval number. But if 30, 50 or 75 workers set with 15 larvae, the feeding rate is positive to the worker number. Comparing to 50 workers alone, the LT50 is slightly shorter when set with up to 25 larvae, but no significantly difference; the LT50, however, is significantly shorter when set with 5 and 15 pupae. Above all, it is nearly not related between feeding rate and LT50, and the R2 is as low as 0.0394. Three sets of workers: 100, 50 and 25, with 0 – 20 larvae are fed with solid 0.00015% fipronil bait. The LT50 is significantly shorter in the treatment with larvae. The result shows that although adult workers can’t eat solid particle but still can been effected by bait. The existence of larvae can digest the solid food and transfer the chemical. The chitin synthesis inhibitor is a kind of agro-chemical with slow action and is safe to mammal. It has been widely used against various insect pests, especially on termites, but is not used on ants. The death rate over 30days of workers is lower than 20% by feeding 0.1% - 2.5% diflubenzuron, triflumuron and hexaflumuron dissolved in soybean oil. No direct toxicity is observed on workers. As a single colony as an experimental unit, colonies are fed with 0.5 – 2.5% diflubenzuron bait. Only 1% diflubenzuron treatment shows significant reduction of population index over 12 weeks observation. Reduction of larvae is observed in most colonies, but not on workers. All treated colonies start to recover after the 10th week. 4th instar larvae fed with diflubenzuron do not reveal adverse effect on their digest system but shows delay in pupation. As the result, chitin synthesis inhibitors are not much effective to S. invicta.
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Huang, Xinyu Toby, and 黃欣宇. "Closing Gaps in the Genome of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07599909077542719415.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
102
With the rapid development of new sequencing technologies and the drastic reduction to sequencing costs, genome wide sequencing studies can now be applied to non-model organisms that do not have established reference genomes. The recent publication of the genome of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a good example of how such new advances in next generation sequencing technologies can be readily adopted for an economically and ecologically important non-model species. Nevertheless, limitations of the sequencing and assembly technologies create difficulties in achieving complete coverage of the entire genome. These newly assembled genomes are considered draft genomes, because they contain many gaps of unknown bases within and in between scaffolds. This project aims to resolve some of these gaps on linkage group 16 (LG 16) of the S. invicta draft genome by using a combination of PCR, cloning, and Sanger sequencing techniques. LG 16, or LG S (“social”), corresponds to a chromosome implicated to have important roles in the genetic control of the fire ant’s social behavior. A total of 279 gap closures were attempted inside and outside a special non-recombining region on LG 16. While larger inter-scaffold gaps were closed by screening for BAC clones that span across scaffolds. Sequencing results revealed a 10% higher proportion of repetitive elements inside the supergene than that of outside. These patterns are consistent with assembly biases which might support previous predictions regarding the accumulation of deleterious elements in the non-recombining region. These resolved gap sequences, in combination with BAC sequences that span inter-scaffold gaps would not only allow for the assembly of a more complete genome, but may also contribute to revealing important genomic features such as repetitive elements and genomic repeats in the social chromosome.
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Keddie, George Anthony. "Iudaea capta, Iudaea invicta : the subversion of Flavian ideology in Fourth Ezra." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23996.
Full textAbstract:
The present report applies Pierre Bourdieu’s social theory to the study of ancient Judaean apocalypticism in its historical, socioeconomic, and political contexts. Its central thesis is that each Judaean apocalyptic discourse is waged against the dominant ideology of its society and its perceived sustainers and beneficiaries. The particular focus in this report is Flavian ideology—the dominant ideology of the Roman Empire in the last three decades of the first century CE—and its subversion by the apocalyptic discourse of the late-first century CE text Fourth Ezra. After the Romans quashed a revolt in the province of Judaea and sacked the Jerusalem temple in 70 CE, the soon-to-be Roman emperor Vespasian, and his sons Titus and Domitian, initiated and maintained an empire-wide discourse proclaiming Iudaea capta (‘Judaea captured’). By means of coins, monuments, statues, literary propaganda, and the institution of a new Judaean tax, the Flavian emperors magnified their successful suppression of this provincial revolt in order to legitimate their dynasty. This discourse, which quickly became misrecognized in society and persisted long after the tenure of the Flavian dynasty, marked all Judaeans throughout the empire as foreign rebels and barbarians. The author of Fourth Ezra challenged Flavian ideology, and the Iudaea capta discourse in particular, by “revealing”—that is, persuading his audience to believe—that Rome’s victory over Judaea is part of the divine plan, the glory of Rome is fleeting, and the righteous ones who keep God’s Law will still have an opportunity for redemption. A focus of the present analysis is the figure of a lamenting woman employed by both discourses. Whereas the Flavian discourse used a dejected Judaean woman to represent Judaea after the Roman victory, Fourth Ezra’s apocalyptic discourse reveals a similar figure of a lamenting Judaean woman to be Mother Zion, and has her transform into the new, eschatological Jerusalem. When these two discourses are viewed together, regardless of direct influence or dependence, it is clear that the apocalyptic discourse subverts Flavian ideology. In the process, the author of Fourth Ezra recycles power by simultaneously delegitimating the Flavian emperors and legitimating his own social circle of sage-leaders.text
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Lee, Chi-Lung, and 李其龍. "Application of Photorhabdus luminescens on control of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27189365806469832093.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
植物醫學碩士學位學程
104
Since first report in late 2003, the invasive fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, has spread at least half of northern Taiwan despite intensive control effort involving bait broadcasting and individual mound injection. Considering limited resources, developing alternative control methods that are more economical is urgently needed. The present study therefore aims to evaluate biocontrol potential of Photorhabdus luminescens, a symbiotic bacterium in entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis brevicaudis. During proliferation P. luminescens yields toxic proteins that possess insecticidal activities, thus serving as biopesticide for pest control. The P. luminescens broth of different protein concentrations (0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.05 mg/mL) were fed to colonies of S. invicta, accumulated mortalities are generally concentration-dependent, except for those treated with the broth containing 0.125 and 0.05 mg/ml protein which showed no difference with control. Control effect of broth is relevant to preserved days under room temperature. Broth preserved for 15 days could cause 39.93 % mortality; 100-day preservation broth displayed no controlling effort. Oral toxicity treatments of different protein molecular weights (greater than 100 kDa and 10–100 kDa) are not significantly with each other. To employ this liquid-based agent, direct broth application and broth embedding measures can be adopted. Behavioral tests showed that ground-dwelling S. invicta displayed no significant preference on control soil over those treated with P. luminescens broth, indicating negligible repellency of the broth. A bait delivery system was designed using microencapsulation where the broth is surrounded by a coating to retain its physical and chemical property. Capsules (4 mm in diameter) were prepared with a formula of core-shell ratio of 2:1, 1.4 % sodium alginate solution, 5 % calcium chloride solution and 10 % sucrose. Treatment of 100 microcapsules application caused significantly higher accumulated mortality (33.31 %), implying that broth dosage is responsible for fire ant mortality as well. When executing this strategy against fire ants, the amount of applied capsules must be evaluated; improvements of attractiveness and lethality are also required. Besides, other control methods can be combined as well to establish an integrated pest management framework.
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Tsai, Yu-Lung, and 蔡幼龍. "The relationships of expansion route and environmental factors with genetic variation of Solenopsis invicta." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r45e4h.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
101
Invasive species are highly aggressive, and negatively effect on human economies and biodiversity. Successful biological invasions usually result from several evolutionary events that improve a species ability to survive in new habitats. The aim of this study is to quantify the roles of expansion route and environmental factors in the genetic variation of red import fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in 16 cities of China by a novel analysis. We based on 211 S. invicta microsatellite data with 53 loci, and used Bayesian inference to calculate dissimilarity of environmental variables and expansion routes, and test relationships in expansion route, environmental factors and their interaction with the genetic variation of S. invicta. The deviance information coefficient weight (DIC weight) was used to select the best model. The importance of each factor in the best model was quantified by calculating the semi-partial R^2. Expansion route, environmental factors and their interaction all affected the genetic variation of S. invicta in China. Expansion route contributed more than environmental factors and their interaction (semi-partial R^2=0.37, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Different expansion routes increase the gene pool in China that increase the chance of variation. Environmental isolation explained very little of the genetic variation of S. invicta, indicating isolation-by-environmental contributed very little that environmental adaptations might not happen in China.
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Lu, Mei-Chun, and 盧玫君. "Development and application of monoclonal antibodies against the venom of Solenopsis invicta(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56427349682978259858.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
93
The red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta Buren) is one of the most destructive imported insect pests in Taiwan. They are not only invaders that bring serious ecological problems, but also aggressive medical pests that cause various human damages and symptoms such as the formation of characteristic sterile pustules, urticaria, edema, dermal necrosis, and even anaphylactic shock and death in rare cases. Approximately 270 species of ants were discovered in Taiwan, and some are very similar to S. invicta in their morphological characters. For example, the tropical fire ant (Solenopsis geminata) and several members of subfamily Myrmicinae such as Monomorium, Pheidole and Pheidologeton are not easy to be directly and quickly distinguished each other according to their morphology. For rapid and accurate identification of S. invicta to avoid people’s panic, monoclonal antibodies against the specific venom in the venomous gland of S. invicta were developed through the hybridoma technology. S. invicta and several ant species were collected for the venom analysis by SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and the results demonstrated that the protein pattern in SDS-PAGE of S. invicta is different from the others. It indicated that the venom proteins are different among S. invicta as well as the other ant species. Four proteins were isolated and identified from venom. One of them is located in 13 kDa, the others are near around 24 kDa. The venom was used to immunize the mouse to develop monoclonal antibody. In the beginning, the polyclonal antiserum against venom of S. invicta showed positive to S. invicta and S. geminata, and negative to the other ant species. And in later totally 30 hybridoma cell lines have been selected to produce specific antibodies against S. invicta. A cell line named Rf-E7 showing the best specificity and sensitivity was selected for the mass-production of monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody Rf-E7 was proven to be able to accurately differentiate S. invicta from S. geminata. Both ascetic fluid and purified IgG of Rf-E7 showed the good specificity and sensitivity in the ELISA tests with 105 diluted antibodies. Dried, dead bodies and the samples treated with insecticides as well as preservative solutions obtained the slightly lower ELISA value than fresh samples. However, their ELISA values were still useful for identification of S. invicta. In the temperature experiment, the ELISA tests did not show apparently different results among different S. invicta populations residing in 15, 25, or 35℃. It revealed that alteration of temperature would not affect the quantity of RIFA venom. Based on the results in this thesis, the developed monoclonal antibody Rf-E7 has been proven to be an excellent probe for rapid identification of S. invicta. This antibody will be further dedicated to the preparation of the colloidal gold-labeled antibody strip that provides a more rapid and simple detection of S. invicta without any analytic instrument. People can identify whether their ant samples are S. invicta or not by themselves at home, which can reduce public panic for S. invicta.
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Yang, Chin-Cheng, and 楊景程. "Population biology of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) associated with its invasiveness." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22941806342047500324.
Full textAbstract:
博士臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
98
Invasive species are recognized as major threats to native biodiversity, public health, and agriculture, often resulting in considerable economic loss. The full understanding of species’ characteristics that potentially could be transformed to the factors underlying the invasion success may assist accurate prediction of invasion potential as well as development of control strategies. Many social insects, particularly ants, are well known as being damaging pests, and one of the most notorious invasive ant species is the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Recent multiple successful invasions by this exotic pest into several continents raise the concern about its imminent worldwide spread from the existing populations. To understand the invasiveness of S. invicta, the present study explored several key components of this pest ant species including population genetics, social organization and patterns of release from natural enemies. Also, the global movement of this ant was constructed to ascertain whether particular routes of invasion are common. The combined results showed that (1) introduction of fire ant in Taiwan left a modest footprint on pattern of genetic structure, (2) the interaction in a complementary fashion between two distinct colony social forms, monogyne and polygyne, likely contribute to the invasion and subsequent spread of S. invicta in Taiwan, (3) the success of recently established S. invicta populations may result from decreased pressure from natural enemy species with strong fitness effects compared with those that are less detrimental, (4) the USA represents the most likely common source population of all recently introduced areas, and the current distribution of S. invicta worldwide results from at least nine independent introductions. Multiple analyses of a large amount of data on different aspects of S. invicta provide guidelines for understanding the success of this pest ant species, as well as provide crucial information for the development of appropriate management strategies and facilitate the complete picture of fire ant invasions.
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Medina, Freder. "Study of Midgut Bacteria in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Büren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7873.
Full textAbstract:
Ants are capable of building close associations with plants, insects, fungi and bacteria. Symbionts can provide essential nutrients to their insect host, however, the development of new molecular tools has allowed the discovery of new microorganisms that manipulate insect reproduction, development and even provide defense against parasitoids and pathogens. In this study we investigated the presence of bacteria inside the Red Imported Fire Ant midgut using molecular tools and transmission electron microscopy. The midgut bacteria were also characterized by their morphology, biochemical activity, and antibiotic resistance profile.
After isolation, culture, and characterization of these bacteria, the molecular analysis revealed ten unique profiles which were identified to at least the genus level, Enterococcus sp./durans, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Lactococ-cus garvieae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus pumilus, Listeria innucua, Serratia marcescens, and an uncultured bacterium from the Entero-bacteriaceae. New SEM and TEM techniques revealed a possible functional association of endosymbiotic bacteria with the insect host, and it also showed the absence of bacteriocytes in the epithelial cells of the midgut. The PCR results, from the bacteria abundance and distribution studies, showed that Enterococcus sp., Kluyvera cryocres-cens and Lactococcus garvieae are the most abundant species, but they are not consistently found in all sites throughout the southeastern United States.
Kluyvera cryocrescens, Serratia marcescens, and an uncultured bacterium (isolate #38: Enterobacteriaceae) were genetically modified with the plasmid vector pZeoDsRed and successfully reintroduced into fire ant colonies. Strong fluorescence of DsRed was detected up to seven days after introduction. The transformed bacteria can still be rescued after pupal emergence; however most were passed out in the meconium. We further demonstrated that nurses contributed to the spread of the transformed bacteria within the colony by feeding the meconium to naive larvae.
Although the role of midgut bacteria in the fire ant is still unknown, we have no indication that they cause any pathology. Studies emphasizing the role of these bacteria in fire ant physiology are still ongoing. These results are the foundation for a fire ant biological control program using endosymbiotic bacteria as vectors to introduce foreign genes that express proteins with insecticidal properties.
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Chang, Chun-Chun, and 張淳淳. "Colony relatedness and microgeographical genetic structure of red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76526987420228578315.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
97
Remarkable genetic changes of Solenopsis invicta have been reported in US. The post-invasion turnover seems unfailing but lacks further evidence from other introduced areas. Two social forms of fire ant in Taiwan provide a great opportunity to test the genetic change in different levels of hierarchical structure. At colony level, data from multiple microsatellite loci reveal that nestmate relatedness for monogyne invariably overlaps with 0.75 and is similar to those in US as well as its native range South America, suggesting that social organization of this form remains stable whether the population is native or introduced. In contrast, the nestmate relatedness of polygyne tends to be binomial; that is, one group possesses much higher value while the other one overlaps with zero. By keeping surveying one “higher” site, the significant decline of relatedness observed during successive collections from gives a direct evidence that sites belong to the “zero” group might have been invaded much longer than others from ‘‘higher’’ group. This pattern somehow parallels patterns in US and might be explained by adoption of unrelated alates driven by ecological constraints (e.g. habitat saturation) as the habitat ages. At microgeographical level, significant genetic differentiation is seen between sympatric forms in mtDNA but not microsatellite, which can be explained by the limited male mediated interform gene flow model. Subsequent genetic analyses show significant differentiation and strong isolation by distance (IBD) among polygyne sites but not monogyne, indicating restricted inter-site gene flow by polygyne queens, who usually expand by budding or local mating. On the other hand, the ability of monogyne queens to conduct distant mating flights appears to be the force homogenizing the genetic structure in a kilometer-scale. Results from the present study in population genetic give a indirect evidence to the form-specific biology of different Solenopsis invicta social organization. In colony level, the observation of changes in relatedness is generally consistent with ecological constraint hypothesis and provide direct evidence that the invasive fire ants did underwent rapid social evolution associated with invasion given they were estimated to have arrived into Taiwan within the last decade.
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Hsu, Chih-Jay, and 徐稚傑. "3S techniques application on ant population survey and temperature factor to lethal assayof Solenopsis invicta." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17949518448854162568.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
96
The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) has invaded Taiwan in 2003, and distributed at some areas in Hsinchu county. Utilizing 500m x 500m large area in this research to investigate ant population in Sinfong, Sinpu, and Guansi townships of Hsinchu county. The 3S techniques (GIS, RSS, GPS) were applied to select 983 sampling sites and investigated by GPS navigation. Fifteen ant genera were sampled, inclusive of three subfamilies, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae. Ant forage activity is very active during March and October. Myrmicinae is the most dominate population among three subfamilies and occupied 87.7% of attracted tubes. Moreover, Pheidole is the most population among fifteen genera and occupied 45.57% of attracted tubes. There were 1061 numbers of S. invicta detected in s789 sampling site in Guansi township. There were 56 buffer areas divided in seven fire ant reported sites among three townships, and Pheidole was also the most dominate population in buffer areas. We also monitored ant population variation in Hesing village fire ant reported site, Monomorium and Pheidole ants emerged while S. invicta was extinct. Survivival days of S. invicta in room temperature was tested. S. invicta could survive about 35.25 ± 6.39 days added with 5μl water, while control was about 23 ± 4.76 days. Lethal temperature assay of S. invicta demonstrated that mortality increased as temperature rose. The mortality reached to 100% under 52 oC without water for 1 minute, while the mortality was beneath 50% under 46 oC for 10 minutes. Lethal time assay of S. invicta demonstrated that LT50 decreased as temperature rose. LT50 of 43 oC was 72.9 minutes, 44 oC was 38.1 minutes and 45oC was 11.6 minutes.