Academic literature on the topic 'Investor composition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Investor composition"
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Dickason-Koekemoer, Zandri, and Suné Ferreira. "Risk Tolerance: The Influence of Gender and Life Satisfaction." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 1(J) (March 10, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(j).2749.
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Abstract: Financial managers base an investor’s risk profile on their demographics and level of risk investors are willing to tolerate. Risk tolerance is often influenced by the different levels of life satisfaction that an investor experience and may differ based on the demographic composition of that investor. Demographic variables such as gender can differentiate between investors level of life satisfaction, which can ultimately affect investment decisions. As a result, the degree of life satisfaction can affect investment decisions by manipulating the level of risk that investors are willing to tolerate. Male and female investors can be categorised into different risk tolerance levels based on their satisfaction with life status. The aim of this study is to determine the risk tolerance level of male and female investors considering their level of life satisfaction. The results of this study indicated that the more unsatisfied investors are with their lives the less likely they will be to take on high-risk investments. Therefore, low life satisfaction is accompanied by a low-risk tolerance level. Male investors had higher life satisfaction compared to female investors. Female investors were only willing to tolerate high risk when experiencing extremely low life satisfaction or extremely high life satisfaction stages.
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Yu, Sifan. "The impact of investor sentiment for the U.S. stock market based on Fama-French 3-factor model." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501055.
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Particularly, it is difficult to accurately measure investor sentiment due to the inherent complexity and dynamic change. This paper tests the impact of investors’ behavior in the U.S. equity market. By using monthly data from February 2014 to December 2018, the impacts of investor sentiment are examined. Besides, Fama-French risk factors are investigated in a new multiple factor asset pricing model. Specifically, the investor sentiment is measured by six-variable composite index. Empirical results indicate that the investor sentiment is a composition of systemic risk. In this case, the Fama-French three factor model with investor sentiment factor can fully explains the return of stocks in the USA stock market. By comparing the trend of investor sentiment and market index, investor sentiment will affect asset pricing and market volatility, i.e., verifies the effectiveness of investor sentiment index in the U.S, stock market.
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Agustin, Pramita, and Imron Mawardi. "Perilaku Investor Muslim Dalam Bertransaksi Saham di Pasar Modal." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 1, no. 12 (December 4, 2015): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol1iss201412pp874-892.
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This research aims to know the muslim investor behavior in a stock transaction in capital market. This research used the qualitative approach, using the case study method by basing on the theory of behavioral finance.Data collection using a purposive sampling technique to determine informants amounted to five muslim investors who at least has a two year stock transaction to be interviewed in depth, observed and evaluated the data by performing a triangulation.The results of this research have findings that muslim investor behavior in a stock transaction is divided into two point of view that is, investors who consider religion in their investment decisions and the invetor did not consider religion in their investment decisions. Investors who consider religion in their investment decisions preferring stock composition of the incoming Sharia index list and nature of investments tend to be long term. Investors who do not consider religion in choosing his investment decision stock blends well in the Shariahcompliantindex or not. The nature of investment investors who did not consider the shortterm nature of the religion.
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Shin, Sang-Jun, and Keun-Tae Cho. "Human Resources, Investor Composition and Performance of Venture Funds: Focused on the Stakeholders of Venture Funds." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 16773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416773.
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This study aims to understand the effect of the human resources and investor composition of venture funds on fund performances in Korea. It was conducted on 235 venture funds and revealed that the fund manager retention period, retention rate and investors’ number affected fund performance. Blind funds showed the same results with overall funds, whereas project funds, performance was affected only by the fund manager retention period. Funds operated by general partners, which manpower is not major shareholders, showed the same result as the overall ones. This study provides the basis for government planning venture policies and investors establishing funds’ evaluation criteria.
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Özogul, Sara, and Tuna Tasan-Kok. "One and the Same? A Systematic Literature Review of Residential Property Investor Types." Journal of Planning Literature 35, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412220944919.
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This article presents a systematic literature review on residential property investor types in selected social science disciplines and critically evaluates the status quo of academic engagement within this diverse group of property market actors. A recurring critique in recent years has been the minimal acknowledgment of investor heterogeneity particularly in relation to urban development and the financialization of housing. Yet, to date, there is no systematic evidence supporting these contentions. Therefore, we conducted an exhaustive literature review of residential investment landscapes through the Web of Science citation database in the following fields: Urban and regional planning, geography, sociology, urban studies, public administration, and economics. Subsequently, we methodically searched for the types of investors addressed, and investor categories employed, in journal articles published between 2000 and 2019. Following a meta-categorization of the results, we demonstrate how existing literature differentiates investors in terms of their spatial scale of operation, size and social composition, investment object and finance, or investment and social behavior. Additionally, we highlight the key topics and issues addressed in the reviewed literature within each meta-category. We propose to turn the four meta-categories into a multidimensional analytical framework as a point of departure for a more nuanced and in-depth understanding of investor differentiations, a tool that is urgently needed in Planning Studies and related disciplines. Furthermore, we argue that mixed method approaches combining hard and quantifiable with soft behavioral investor characteristics, as well as institutional analyses combining structural considerations with actors’ agency, are indispensable to disentangle contemporary residential property market dynamics.
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Biolek, Vojtěch, and Tomáš Hanák. "LCC Estimation Model: A Construction Material Perspective." Buildings 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9080182.
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The growing pressure to ensure sustainable construction is also associated with stricter demands on the cost-effectiveness of construction and operation of buildings and reduction of their environmental impact. This paper presents a methodology for building life cycle cost estimation that enables investors to identify the optimum material solution for their buildings on the level of functional parts. The functionality of a comprehensive model that takes into account investor requirements and links them to a construction cost estimation database and a facility management database is verified through a case study of a “façade composition” functional part, with sublevel “external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) with thin plaster”. The results show that there is no generally applicable optimum ETICS material solution, which is caused by differing investor requirements, as well as the unique circumstances of each building and its user. The solution presented in this paper aims to aid investor decision-making regarding the choice of the building materials while taking the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) into account.
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Gusliana, Shindi Adha, and Yasir Salih. "MEAN-VARIANCE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION MODEL WITHOUT RISK-FREE ASSETS IN JII70 SHARE." International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 3, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v3i4.352.
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In investing, investors will try to limit all the risks in managing their investments. Investor strategies to minimize investment risk are diversification by forming investment portfolios, one of which is the Mean-Variance without risk-free assets. The calculation results will show the composition of the optimum portfolio return for each stock that forms the portfolio. Optimum portfolio obtained with wT = (0.39853, 0.25519, 0.13644, 0.09788, 0.11196) sequential weight composition for TLKM, KLBF, INCO, HRUM, and FILM stocks. The composition of this optimal portfolio return is ???? 0.04 with a return of 0.00209 and a portfolio variance of 0.00015. The formation of this portfolio optimization model is expected to be additional literature in optimizing the investment portfolio with the Mean-Variance.
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Blouin, Jennifer L., Jana S. Raedy, and Douglas A. Shackelford. "Dividends, Share Repurchases, and Tax Clienteles: Evidence from the 2003 Reductions in Shareholder Taxes." Accounting Review 86, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 887–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000038.
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ABSTRACT: This study jointly evaluates firm-level changes in investor composition and shareholder distributions following a 2003 reduction in the dividend and capital gains tax rates for individuals. We find that directors and officers, but not other individual investors, rebalanced their portfolios to maximize after-tax returns in light of the new tax rules. We also find that firms adjusted their distribution policy (specifically, dividends versus share repurchases) in a manner consistent with the altered tax incentives for individual investors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ simultaneous equations to estimate both shareholder and managerial responses to the 2003 rate reductions. We find that the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimates are substantially stronger than OLS estimates, consistent with our expectation that investor and manager responses are simultaneously determined. Failure to estimate systems of equations may account for some of the weak and conflicting results from prior studies of the 2003 rate reductions.
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Fauzi, Muhammad, Ewaldo Asirwadana, and Maharani Pratama Milasari. "ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CAPITAL MARKET INVESTORS." Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55809/tora.v7i2.4.
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This reseach discusses the legal protection for capital market investors. The capital market industry in a country is urgently needed as a source of national development funds. In its activities, there are actors who fully support and support capital market activities in accordance with their respective duties and functions. The existence of investor funds has been able to move the capital market industry in particular. In general, investor funds can be a source of funds for national development. However, due to the unbalanced share composition between founders and public investors, this weakens the position of investors, so that investors often become victims of crimes and capital market violations. Law No. 8 of 1995 concerning the Capital Market which is The legal basis for the existence of the capital market in Indonesia has provided legal guarantees for the parties conducting activities in the capital market sector as well as protection for investors. Protection for investors is a requirement to establish the principle of full and fair disclosure or transparency. The writing method used by the writer in this research is the normative method. The results show how legal protection for capital market investors is based on Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning the Capital Market and Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority.
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De Cleyn, Sven H., and Johan Braet. "Do board composition and investor type influence innovativeness in SMEs?" International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 8, no. 3 (January 8, 2011): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0168-6.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Investor composition"
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Liu, Yue. "Does institutional investor composition influence managerial myopia? : the case of accounting restatements /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1192184781&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Shin, Jae Yong. "Institutional investors and CEO compensation does the composition of institutional ownership matter?" Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/989329909/04.
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Azevedo, Adailton Cordeiro de. "O poder de diversificaÃÃo internacional de um investidor brasileiro." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11577.
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nÃo hÃEste trabalho se agrega à discussÃo sobre a capacidade de um investidor brasileiro diversificar o risco alocando recursos em ativos internacionais. Adotando estratÃgias nÃo alavancadas de composiÃÃo de portfÃlios com 35 Ãndices das mais representativas bolsas de aÃÃes no mundo, evidencia-se que em perÃodos de crise financeira nÃo se deva recorrer aos escassos fundamentos, mas que em perÃodos de recuperaÃÃo ou estabilidade econÃmica, se deva investir em ativos de outros paÃses. Em suma, todos os portfolios equal-weighted e construÃdos via otimizaÃÃo apresentam nÃveis de risco inferiores aos registrados para o IBOVESPA, sinalizando capacidade de diversificaÃÃo internacional de risco. PorÃm, em termos de ganho ponderado pelo risco, à possÃvel que estratÃgias simples de composiÃÃo de portfolios apenas compostos por Ãndices dos mercados dos paÃses da AmÃrica do Sul jà tenham resultados satisfatÃrios. Apesar dos fatores associados ao home bias, os investidores brasileiros deveriam estar motivados em pensar em estratÃgias factÃveis capazes de reduzir a exposiÃÃo a fontes de risco de carÃter polÃtico ou macroeconÃmico que compÃem o risco sistÃmico do mercado financeiro nacional.
In this work we enter the debate about the ability of a Brazilian investor intending to diversify risk by allocating resources in international assets. Based on unleveraged strategies of portfolios composition using 35 of the most representative stock market indices worldwide, we evidence that in times of financial crisis one should not follow a fundamental approach, while during periods of recovery or economic stability, the investor Brazilian should observe other countries. To summarize, all equal-weighted and optimization based portfolios have risk levels lower than those reported for the Bovespa Index, signaling the capacity of international diversification of risk. However, in terms of relation risk-return, it is possible that simple investment strategies using only stock market indices of countries of South America have satisfactory results. Although the aspects explaining the home bias, Brazilian investors should be motivated to think of feasible strategies able to reduce exposure to risk sources of political or macroeconomic that comprise the systemic risk of the domestic financial market.
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Verschoor, Jenni. "Why do companies invest in art? The purpose and composition of art collections in the South African financial sector." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59797.
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Companies around the world invest in art, be it through sponsorship activities or in the
establishment of corporate art collections. This study explores the primary reasons why
companies choose to invest in art collections, examining the South African financial
sector from the perspective of a developing country. It then assesses the possibility of
linking the purpose of an art collection with the type of art collected, to identify trends and
create guidelines for businesses and arts organisations respectively. Finally, it examines
the impact that leadership has on the implementation and continuity of an art collection
and how changes in leadership can have a direct impact on the focus and composition
of a collection.
The study employed exploratory research through the application of semi-structured, indepth
interviews with 13 individuals across 11 companies. These individuals
represented a variety of roles, internal and external to the organisation, ranging from the
chairperson to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), to internal and external professional
curators. The insights obtained from these individuals were collated and analysed from
both a deductive and inductive perspective, to probe existing theories and generate new
ideas based on the information collected.
The findings of this study indicate that corporations within developing countries prioritise
the purpose and strategic intent of an art collection differently from companies in
developed markets. While it was not possible to determine definitive guidelines on how
the purpose of a collection impacts its composition, new insights were formulated on the
general focus of corporate collections on local, emerging artists, with high investment
potential. Finally, it was determined that for a collection to succeed and fulfil the strategic
aims of the company, it needs to have the active support of leadership and be built into
the fabric of the organisation.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
ms2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Kluzová, Ivana. "Návrh soustavy CZT a tepelných zdrojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378717.
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Naser, Lena Maria. "Investor reactions to changes in the composition of presidential councils." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25476.
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Logo após ter estabelecido dois conselhos presidenciais, o presidente dos Estados Unidos Donald Trump anunciou a destituição daqueles em agosto de 2017, na sequência de declarações públicas e renúncias de vários membros dos conselhos. Com base no estudo do mercado financeiro, as reações dos investidores a estes acontecimentos foram analisadas. No entanto, os resultados apresentados na presente tese demonstram que as reações dos investidores aos eventos não foram significativas. A principal descoberta neste estudo é o facto de as reações por parte dos investidores não terem sido significativamente afetadas pelas declarações públicas, renúncias e destituições dos conselhos presidenciais, não se verificando efeitos de mudança no desempenho das empresas após a destituição dos conselhos presidenciais.Shortly after establishing two presidential councils, US president Donald Trump announced the dismissals of those in August 2017, following public statements and renunciations of several council members. Based on a financial market event study, investors´ reactions to these events were analyzed. However, this master thesis finds that investor reactions to the events in presidential councils were not significant. The key finding of the event study is that investors reactions were not significantly affected by public statements, renunciations, and dismissals of presidential councils, supporting no firm performance effects of changes in the composition of presidential councils.
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Hsin-JuChen and 陳欣汝. "Product Recall Strategy and Institutional Investors Ownership Composition." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61788371020539366419.
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碩士國立成功大學
國際企業研究所碩博士班
100
This paper examined whether institutional ownership composition affected firms’ choice on product recall strategy. Survey of product recall literature revealed that product recall in generally had negative effect on stock market. During the crisis, firm could decide to proactively or passively respond to the defective product. Proactively recall strategy softened the negative impact of product-harm crisis. But firms with proactive recall strategy suffered greater financial loss in stock market than those acted passively (Chen, Ganesan et al. 2009). We were to know why shareholders did not appreciate adoption of proactive recall strategy. Therefore we brought institutional investors into the study of product harm crisis management. Institutional investors could be categorized in transient, dedicated and quasi-indexers based on their varying inter-temporal preference. Considering firms’ composition of institutional ownership and their reaction on stock market, we reached that first during the product-harm crisis, firms with more long-time focus investors (dedicated investors) experienced more positive abnormal return. Second a firm’s choice of product-recall strategy possessed coherence with the preference of their investor base. Firms with more dedicated investors tended to recall products proactively.
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Chang, Ya-Wen, and 張雅芠. "The Effect of Institutional Investors, Ownership Structure,and Composition of Board on CEO Compensation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44014001995087227547.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
企業管理研究所
94
ABSTRACT This study discusses the relationship between CEO compensation and the institutional investors, the ownership structure, and the composition of board. This study investigates the electronic listed companies in the TSEC and observes a sample of 642 firm-years between 2002-2004. The results are below: 1. We find that the percentages of ownership hold by resistant institutional and resistant institutional ownership concentration are negatively related to the level of CEO compensation. Sensitive institutional don’t have these relation. 2. The percentage of ownership held by manager is negatively related to the level of CEO compensation. Hence, higher manager ownership can reduce the self-interest behavior of manager. The percentage of ownership held by blockholders and the directors and supervisors are negatively related to the level of CEO compensation. It implies that the higher stock holding ratio of blockholders and the boards of directors, the stronger control ability over CEO. It also influences CEO compensation level and composition. iii 3. The CEO-chairman duality has positive impact on CEO compensation level, but the proportion of independent directors and supervisors has negative impact on CEO compensation level. If institutional investors serve as directors and supervisors, it has negative impact on CEO compensation level.
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Li, Ching-Tsai, and 李清財. "An Invest Composition Analysis on Agricultural Biotechnology of Industry Chain." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69138693486070806790.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系
91
Discussions on the effect of agricultural problems are continually being main issues as Taiwan entered WTO (World Trade Organization) in 2002. To alleviate the WTO impact, the agricultural policy must make a transition from production end to marketing orientation and the interface between production and international markets therefore can be integrated. This study constructs an agricultural industry chain in which a series of planting stages with various techniques, disease protection, and cost components are systematically categorized and related biotechnology applications are in sequence demonstrated. By using waterapple as a demonstration case, an investment decision model is formulated and various scenarios with core industry chain at different planting stages are then analyzed on the effects of cost structures while introducing agricultural biotechnology. Various tests of sensitivity analysis on key parameters are also proceeded to verify the model suitability.
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Yang, Bih-Ru, and 楊璧如. "The Study of the Research Department of Institutional Investors’ Scale, Composition, Communication and Work Performance." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6fze66.
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碩士銘傳大學
管理研究所碩士在職專班
95
Taiwan began its securities market in 1962. As the market grew and commerce became global, Taiwan market participants gradually changed from individuals to corporations. The influence of institutional investors grew from day to day. Due to complexity and difficulty of investment, teamwork has been the trend in the Taiwan investing market. However, investing became more difficult, leading to poor investing performance and a high turnover rate of institutional fund managers. This may have done a lot of harm to the corporate institutions, leaving them in a quandary. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence team performance in the research departments of institutional investors. These factors include diversity, the quality and frequency of team communication, types of companies, and team scale. By discovering hidden elements, the study provides criteria for managerial classes to enhance team performance or to reduce bottlenecks within the team under managerial control. Hence, when investing performance increases, investors will be the beneficiaries. The subjects selected for this study are members in the research department of institutional investors who invest in the Taiwan securities market, such as securities companies, investment trust companies, investment consultant companies, insurance companies, and banks. According to the analytic results from 121 effective questionnaires, the study obtains the following findings with the methods of Pearson correlation, One-way ANOVA, and regression analysis. (1) Diversity influences team performance, medium report production, positively. The reasons may be as below. In a highly diversity team, team members may have sufficient knowledge or skills in handling affairs. It helps a team to make more medium reports under cooperation. (2) For the sake of distinct tasks, team performance, the return rate of investments, positively related to the types of company. Some types of companies need outstanding performances to attract and maintain clients. In some types of companies, the members of these have to be responsible for the return of investments. No matter what they pursue - to generate revenues, to earn personal bonuses, or to prevent from being laid off, the appraisals of task may lead these companies to a better return rate of investments. (3) The influences of both team scale and team communication attribute between team performances are not significant. Based on the study findings, the author provides suggestions for organizational team building and for future studies.
Books on the topic "Investor composition"
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Journals, Offensive. Eat Sleep Invest Repeat: A Composition Book for an Equity Investor. Independently Published, 2020.
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Schweizer, Max. Composition Notebook: Forex Trading Life - Investor Extreme Edition Cookies Gothel Danzig Difficult Mistake Bracelet Mother Notebook Journal Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
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Darvas, Zsolt, and Dirk Schoenmaker. Institutional Investors and Development of Europe’s Capital Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813392.003.0018.
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This chapter investigates the role of institutional investment in developing capital markets. It also examines the role of institutional investment in risk sharing. The contribution of institutional investment to risk sharing depends on: the size of institutional investment; the degree of geographical diversification of portfolios, and the composition of assets (equities vs bonds) held. The chapter investigates these three aspects of financial integration in the EU's Capital Markets Union and assesses the prospects for increased risk sharing in the EU. The main hypothesis is that the larger the assets managed by institutional investors, the smaller the home bias and thereby the larger the scope for risk sharing, ceteris paribus. The analysis will focus on portfolio equity home bias.
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Chourou, Lamia, Ashrafee T. Hossain, and Samir Saadi. Hedge Fund Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0006.
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Hedge fund governance has attracted much interest since the financial crisis of 2007–2008 resulting in a dramatic shift in hedge funds’ shareholder composition, from high-net-worth individual investors to active institutional investors. The crisis, coupled with some major scandals, including Bernard Madoff’s multi-billion-dollar Ponzi scheme and the Weavering Capital fraud, uncovered poor governance practices in the hedge fund industry. Fund managers now face serious governance challenges that tend to focus on governance arrangements and independence of fund boards. Maintaining quality governance rules in hedge funds is critical for the industry. Evidence suggests that having sound and transparent governance practices is in the best interests of hedge fund managers. This chapter first addresses the development of corporate governance, followed by an analysis of hedge fund governance. Next the chapter explores the ongoing governance debates facing the industry. The chapter ends by discussing the changing nature of hedge fund governance.
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Licht, Amir N. Culture and Law in Corporate Governance. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.13.
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This chapter explores the relationship between culture and law, especially corporate law, and its implications for corporate governance. It begins with an overview of the basic concepts in cultural analysis as well as prevalent theories of cultural dimensions and of social networks as social capital. It then summarizes research findings regarding the consequences of culture for corporate governance on issues ranging from executive compensation to legal transplants and the objectives of the corporation (corporate social responsibility). It also discusses relations with investors and other stakeholders by way of disclosure and dividend distribution, along with the operation, composition, and network structure of the board of directors. Finally, the chapter considers how the relationship between culture and law affects diversity and persistence in corporate governance.
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Timothy, Spangler. 7 Governance Issues in Offshore Companies Used as Private Investment Funds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198807247.003.0007.
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This chapter examines issues of governance arising from the use of offshore companies as private investment funds. Funds established in offshore jurisdictions are often structured as limited companies that issue shares to investors. Governance issues can arise in offshore companies when voting rights are separated from economic participation. The chapter first considers the role of the board of directors in private investment funds before discussing taxation issues affecting offshore companies used as private investment funds in the UK and in the United States. It then explains the duties of directors under Cayman Islands law, including fiduciary duty, duty of care, diligence, and skill, and duty of confidentiality. It also describes the composition of the board of directors, its meetings, relationship with the fund manager, and responsibility for approval of fund documentation.
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Anthony, Bells. Notebook Lined: Camping Quotes Time Camping Is Invested Composition Notebook - Small Ruled Notebook - 6x9 Lined Notebook 120 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
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Hamilton, Kirk, and Cameron Hepburn. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0020.
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Investors regularly interrogate corporate balance sheets; citizens should be able to interrogate their national balance sheets in much the same way. This chapter advances the view that the widespread adoption of national wealth measures could soon become a reality if demand from key actors in policymaking and civil society is sustained. What would this mean for future policy directions? Just as there has long been a fixation on increasing the rate of GDP growth, it is plausible that the availability of national wealth measures could lead to calls for greater wealth. This would lead to a focus on policies different from those targeted at increasing output. As the concept and definition of national wealth become more established, six dimensions arise to drive policy and implementation questions such as this one. These dimensions are wealth measurement, composition, distribution, generation, management, and sustainability. This chapter considers the emerging questions and possible conclusions.
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Nai Peng, Tey, Lai Siow Lai, and Jennifer Chan Kim Lian, eds. Demographic and Socioeconomic Changes in Sabah. UMS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/demographicumspress2021-978-967-2738-23-7.
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Population growth can have positive or negative effects on development, depending on the circumstances. The more rapid growth of the working-age population relative to the dependent population provides a demographic dividend for economic growth. However, in many less developed countries, a large population puts pressure on limited resources. A better understanding of the interrelationship between population and development is essential for planning at the national, state and local levels. This book is the first of its kind that provides a comprehensive analysis of the demographic and socioeconomic landscapes of Sabah which can be used as a reference by policymakers, investors, and researchers. It consists of fourteen chapters, addressing a wide range of issues related to population growth, distribution and composition, education, labour force, income, migration, fertility and its proximate determinants (marriage and family planning), and specific target groups – families, women, youth and non-citizens. Data from population censuses, household surveys, vital statistics, service statistics, administrative records, and official documents were used for the analysis.
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Gooley, Dana. Schumann and the Economization of Musical Labor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633585.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 details Robert Schumann’s evolution from an eager and fluent improviser into a composer who advocated writing music away from the piano entirely. His evolution demonstrates the growing polarization between improvisation and composition, modes of music-making that were generally viewed as mutually beneficial until the 1830s. His early, piano-centered output provides clues into how certain transitional and rhetorical strategies were rooted in keyboard improvisational practices, but consciously invested with a “depth” or “psychology” that gave them a romantic cast. The chapter’s interpretive lens is then broadened to consider how Schumann’s anxiety over improvisation was shaped by an “ethos of economy” then common to the educated classes. Improvisation thrived on certain anti-economic impulses—a dilated sense of temporal unfolding, a strenuous type of performer training, a risk of inefficacious communication—that ran counter to bourgeois ethical codes such as the containment of excess and the rational ordering of available resources.
Book chapters on the topic "Investor composition"
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Bessler, Wolfgang, and Julian Holler. "Hedge Funds and Asset Allocation: Investor Confidence, Diversification Benefits, and a Change in Investment Style Composition." In Advances in Data Analysis, Data Handling and Business Intelligence, 441–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01044-6_40.
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Kaplan, Burçin, and Solomon Anti Gyeabour. "Investor Behavior and Composition of Financial Asset Portfolios: An Overview of the Effects of Asset-Related Brand Equity." In Contributions to Finance and Accounting, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72624-9_1.
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Fröhlich, Mareike, Tatjana Jevremović Petrović, and Jelena Lepetić. "Gender, Business and the Law." In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 667–709. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_19.
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AbstractThis chapter deals with gender equality in business law. For some time now, gender diversity has played an important role in the composition of dispute resolution bodies, boards of directors and supervisory boards, forcing the companies concerned to take action. The underlying initiatives of the EU regarding gender quotas in companies, as described in the chapter, are beginning to have an effect, as developments in the banking and financial sector also show. Although the European internal market and its fundamental freedoms do not have a direct impact, the European Union is strongly committed to the protection of gender equality, the economic empowerment of women as well as female entrepreneurship. This chapter explains in detail how forms of enterprises, financing options, education and networking can support women to become entrepreneurs and play a crucial role in business decision-making. Finally, the chapter describes the impact of international trade and investment agreements in this field. Gender mainstreaming now takes place in all recent trade agreements and opens up new opportunities for women. Although investment agreements secure and support foreign investments, which are needed to improve the welfare of states and their citizens, they also could undermine the promotion of gender equality in the investor state. These new changes could jeopardise the investment as national rules will be legally obliged to be changed.
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Maêda, Sérgio Mitihiro do Nascimento, Marcio Pereira Basílio, Igor Pinheiro de Araújo Costa, Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira, Marcos dos Santos, Carlos Francisco Simões Gomes, Isaque David Pereira de Almeida, and Arthur Pinheiro de Araújo Costa. "Investments in Times of Pandemics: An Approach by the SAPEVO-M-NC Method." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia210244.
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The consequences of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus in the most diverse sectors of the Brazilian economy, are overwhelming, and its effects are still difficult to measure completely. There are several possible scenarios being considered, such as prolonged depression, “U” or “V” recovery. Due to such volatility, risks and uncertainties, the investor, before investing, must carefully analyze the alternatives available in the market. Given the above, this article aims to propose different ways of distributing a financial portfolio, considering five investment funds, which were evaluated in the light of five criteria, by two investors who work in the financial market. Therefore, the SAPEVO-M-NC multicriteria decision aid method was used to evaluate the alternatives, as well as their composition in the investment portfolios. The adoption of the methodology made it possible to carry out the distribution of the portfolio in a clear and consistent way, showing itself as an efficient practical tool for the proposed approach.
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Steinberg, Marc I. "The Securities and Exchange Commission." In Rethinking Securities Law, 267–300. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197583142.003.0009.
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This chapter focuses on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s numerous failures to engage in meaningful regulation and enforcement and recommends a fundamental solution that should substantially ameliorate the current unpalatable situation. As compared to yesteryear, the SEC no longer is viewed as a champion of investor protection. In its analysis, the chapter provides many examples, including: the Commission’s failure to adopt a current reporting system mandating disclosure (absent the existence of meritorious business justification) of all material information; its regulatory activism to insulate from private liability exposure certain misconduct engaged in by companies and their insiders; its levying of large money penalties against major enterprises without pursuing their officers and directors; and its refusal to implement statutory directives, including its failure to use the control person provision against corporate insiders. The solution to this unacceptable situation is to reconstitute the composition of SEC Commissioners. As elaborated upon in the chapter, this objective would be achieved by increasing the size of the Commission and requiring that the composition of the SEC Commissioners (including the SEC Chair) would be far more diverse than is current practice.
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James E, Castello. "Part III Arbitral Rules, 17 The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Arbitration Rules." In Practitioner's Handbook on International Commercial Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784807.003.0017.
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This chapter discusses the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), an institution tasked with harmonizing national laws and international commercial legal practices on a wide range of trade-related issues, from dispute resolution to international contract practices, international payments, secured transactions, procurement, and sale of goods. The chapter first provides background on the history of UNCITRAL before describing the initial adoption of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, the Rules’ subsequent revision, and finally the creation of rules on transparency designed to supplement the Arbitration Rules in treaty-based investor-state arbitrations. The chapter concludes with its principal section: a Commentary on Articles 1–43 of the 2010 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, which covers topics ranging from scope of application of the Rules to notice of arbitration; designation of appointment authorities; composition of the arbitral tribunal; arbitral proceedings, including the appointment of experts by the arbitral tribunal; and decisions with regard to arbitral awards.
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Smithers, Andrew. "The Risks of Equities at Different Time Horizons." In The Economics of the Stock Market, 55–58. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847096.003.0011.
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It follows from the negative serial correlation of equity returns that they must have been mean reverting around a stable long-term average, the best estimate for which is 6.7 per cent. This is a relatively recent development in financial economics, which must be incorporated into macroeconomic models if they are to include finance. Equities have no maturity, and their returns are volatile over all time periods though the volatility declines the longer the investors expect to hold them. Although the composition of the stock market changes as companies are liquidated and new ones take their place, in aggregate equities are irredeemable. To be compensated for the risk that this involves, investors need a higher return and its extent depends on their aversion to risk. If the risk aversion of investors has been historically constant, the required return on equities for different time horizons will have been also because the volatility of equities has been mean reverting. Although their distribution is not quite normal it has been approximated closely enough for the probabilities of returns to be calculated as if it were. We can therefore measure the risks of holding equities over different time horizons.
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Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. "North Korea’s External Economic Relations, 1990–2016." In Hard Target. Stanford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503600362.003.0003.
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This chapter considers a variety of indicators on the nature of North Korea’s external economic relations, including its direction and composition of trade. These data suggest why coordination problems around sanctions and engagement have proven so difficult, as China has come to account for an increasing share of North Korea’s trade. The chapter provides a balance-of-payments accounting of the country and demonstrates how the regime has been able to adjust to sanctions through illicit activities and securing external forces of foreign exchange, including capital inflows, despite its ambivalent posture toward foreign investors.
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Sutherland, Kathryn. "Whose Property?" In Why Modern Manuscripts Matter, 138–66. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856517.003.0006.
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No writer invested more to advance the high status of the modern author’s manuscript than Walter Scott: through imaginative, procedural, and commercial strategies. Samuel Johnson’s heir, he placed authorship on a business footing; late in his career, he fantasized about composition by mechanical means. Yet he also held his identity apart, shrouding the act of writing in habits of secrecy. He worked hard to implant a double origin for what he wrote, at the level of composition and during the production process in the printing house. His fictions were simultaneously his and not his. Casting doubt upon the ownership of his novels served as a fictional device and a quasi-legal mystification of his own interest in his writings as inalienable property. He represents, in extreme form, the paradox of the modern writer, suspended between holograph and print, autonomy and disputed ownership.
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Freeze, Ronald, and Uday Kulkarni. "Understanding the Composition of Knowledge Management Capability." In Ubiquitous Developments in Knowledge Management, 68–87. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-954-0.ch005.
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Knowledge assets are an important organizational resource. Both research and practice literature has recognized that, if managed properly, knowledge resources have the potential to contribute to a firm’s performance. Yet, the way in which organizations build knowledge management (KM) capability is relatively poorly understood. The diversity of knowledge assets existing within organizations makes it difficult to have a common understanding of how to utilize the knowledge resource most effectively. Drawing from both Resource Based View and Organizational Learning literature, the authors present a Knowledge Management (KM) framework that describes distinctly different types of knowledge assets within organizations. KM traditionally encompasses a range of activities associated with the knowledge lifecycle, including creation and capture of knowledge, transfer or sharing of this knowledge, and its application and reuse in organizations. While explicating the characteristics of the different knowledge assets, our KM framework describes the unique activities required to manage these assets. Using this framework, organizations can evaluate their knowledge needs and selectively invest in knowledge resources, focusing on the activities required to manage them effectively. The authors believe that this framework will allow organizations to build optimal KM capabilities dictated by their business needs and goals, and in alignment with their overall business strategy.
Conference papers on the topic "Investor composition"
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Gercekovich, D. A., O. Yu Basharina, I. S. Shilnikova, E. Yu Gorbachevskaya, and S. A. Gorsky. "Information and algorithmic support of a multi-level integrated system for the investment strategies formation." In 3rd International Workshop on Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/iccs-de.2021.06.
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The article summarizes the accumulated practical experience of the authors in the development of algorithms for the formation of investment strategies. For this purpose, the optimization of the studied parameters, information support of investment activities, verification, monitoring and adjustment in the testing mode and the subsequent practical application of the described tools are considered. The system is based on the main provisions of the Markowitz portfolio theory. The analytical block of the Information System Portfolio Investor includes Profitability-Risk model; empirical models of optimal complexity; hybrid predictive model systems; the principle of combining (integrating) both models and forecasts, as well as decision rules; optimization of the training sample length (modified Markowitz model); optimization of the frequency of monitoring and adjusting the composition of the investment portfolio. The principles of design and development of the information block of the system, its replenishment and functioning are described in detail. All the above listed components of the algorithmic content of the investment decision making system are described sequentially. The system modules have been successfully tested on a wide class of financial instruments: ordinary shares, preferred shares, government and corporate bonds, exchange commodities, stock, commodity, industry and bond indices, exchange-traded investment funds and real estate funds. The implemented Markowitz model with a dynamic database of historical data can significantly increase the efficiency of investment decisions, which is facilitated by taking into account the characteristics of both the markets under study and the corresponding financial instruments.
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Agnese, Paolo, and Francesca Romana Arduino. "The composition of board committees in family firms: Does ownership matter?" In Corporate governance: Theory and practice. Virtus Interpress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgtapp1.
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Board committees perform many of the board of directors’ functions, making informed decisions within the framework of delegated authority and providing specific recommendations to the board on the matters in their domain. Their composition draws significant attention from shareholders, as they represent the locus where important decisions are formally taken. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of ownership in designing the board committees in family firms, especially considering the recent quest for sustainable corporate governance that requires sustainability expertise in the board of directors. The relative importance of family owners and institutional investors may be moderated by the presence of family members in the firm management.
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Serin, Zehra Vildan, Erişah Arıcan, and Başak Tanınmış Yücememiş. "Gold Reserve Policies of Selected Central Banks After the Global Financial Crisis: A Comparative Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02118.
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After the global financial crisis, central banks have changed attitudes towards gold and have unconventional policy measures, in addition to conventional interest rate cuts. With these measures central banks aimed to support financial stability, and to reduce to potential adverse effects from international capital flows. From the perspective of investors and central banks gold positions and gold reserves are still significant and debatable issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the composition of central bank reserves the period of 2008 and 2018. In this paper, generally we compared gold reserve holdings of major central banks with Turkey. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) has increased gold reserves especially since 2002. With implementing effective policies, CBRT has increased gold holdings in international reserves. CBRT is one of the countries with the highest share of gold reserves in the world.
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Zimmermann, J. R. A., J. C. Schab, A. Stankowski, P. D. Grasso, S. Olliges, and C. Leyens. "Modular Coating for Flexible Gas Turbine Operation." In ITSC2015, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p1078.
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Abstract With today’s continuously increasing demand for flexibility in heavy duty gas turbines operation, power plant owners are forced to change their operation regime from base load to cyclic operation. The required coating properties for the two regimes are contradicting and cannot be optimized with current MCrAlY systems. Furthermore, for each turbine component, as well as in individual part locations, the loading boundary conditions are differently weighted. For an overall optimized component protection it is therefore of interest to produce coatings with flexible and individually tailored properties. In this context, ALSTOM invested into the development of an Advanced Modular Coating Technology (AMCOTEC), which is based on several powder constituents and a new application method, allowing in-situ compositional changes [11]. With this approach, coating properties, such as oxidation, corrosion, erosion resistance, cyclic lifetime etc. can be modularly adjusted for individual component types and areas. This also includes production of functionally graded coatings, without changing the chemistry of powder fractions.
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Alzayed, Mohammad Alsager, Scarlett R. Miller, Jessica Menold, Jacquelyn Huff, and Christopher McComb. "Can Design Teams Be Empathically Creative? A Simulation-Based Investigation on the Role of Team Empathy on Concept Generation and Selection." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22432.
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Abstract Research on empathy has been surging in popularity in the engineering design community since empathy is known to help designers develop a deeper understanding of the users’ needs. Because of this, the design community has been invested in devising and assessing empathic design activities. However, research on empathy has been primarily limited to individuals, meaning we do not know how it impacts team performance, particularly in the concept generation and selection stages of the design process. Specifically, it is unknown how the empathic composition of teams, average (elevation) and standard deviation (diversity) of team members’ empathy, would impact design outcomes in the concept generation and selection stages of the design process. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of team trait empathy on concept generation and selection in an engineering design student project. This was accomplished through a computational simulation of 13,482 teams of noninteracting brainstorming individuals generated by a statistical bootstrapping technique drawing upon a design repository of 806 ideas generated by first-year engineering students. The main findings from the study indicate that the elevation in team empathy positively impacted simulated teams’ unique idea generation and selection while the diversity in team empathy positively impacted teams’ generation of useful ideas. The results from this study can be used to guide team formation in engineering design.
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Aldi, Nicola, Nicola Casari, Mirko Morini, Michele Pinelli, Pier Ruggero Spina, Alessio Suman, and Alessandro Vulpio. "Gas Turbine Fouling: The Influence of Climate and Part-Load Operating Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91748.
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Abstract Energy and climate change policies associated with the continuous increase in natural gas costs pushed governments to invest in renewable energy and alternative fuels. In this perspective, the idea to convert gas turbines from natural gas to syngas from biomass gasification could be a suitable choice. Biogas is a valid alternative to natural gas because of its low costs, high availability and low environmental impact. Syngas is produced with the gasification of plant and animal wastes and then burnt in gas turbine combustor. Although synfuels are cleaned and filtered before entering the turbine combustor, impurities are not completely removed. Therefore, the high temperature reached in the turbine nozzle can lead to the deposition of contaminants onto internal surfaces. This phenomenon leads to the degradation of the hot parts of the gas turbine and consequently to the loss of performance. The amount of the deposited particles depends on mass flow rate, composition and ash content of the fuel and on turbine inlet temperature (TIT). Furthermore, compressor fouling plays a major role in the degradation of the gas turbine. In fact, particles that pass through the inlet filters, enter the compressor and could deposit on the airfoil. In this paper, the comparison between five (5) heavy-duty gas turbines is presented. The five machines cover an electrical power range from 1 MW to 10 MW. Every model has been simulated in six different climate zones and with four different synfuels. The combination of turbine fouling, compressor fouling, and environmental conditions is presented to show how these parameters can affect the performance and degradation of the machines. The results related to environmental influence are shown quantitatively, while those connected to turbine and compressor fouling are reported in a more qualitative manner. Particular attention is given also to part-load conditions. The power units are simulated in two different operating conditions: 100 % and 80 % of power rate. The influence of this variation on the intensity of fouling is also reported.
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Elias, Larissa, and Maria Luisa Garrido. "The conception of “fashion-sculpture” in Rei Kawakubo’s costumes for the choreography “Scenario”(1997)." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.118.
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“The Rei Kawakubo's fashion-sculpture” is an ongoing Master's project, developed at the Postgraduate Program in Visual Design at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The research is centered on the study of the costumes (and its relationship with movements and spatiality) created by the japanese fashion designer Rei Kawakubo for the dance performance “Scenario” (1997), by the american dancer and choreographer Merce Cunningham (1919-2009). The costumes were adapted from the spring-summer Collection “Body meets dress, dress meets body”, designed by Rei and launched by her brand Comme des Garçons in 1997. Rei Kawakubo is appointed as one of the most important conceptualist fashion designers of contemporary. Visionary, avant-garde, timeless, are some of the adjectives attributed to her. Her work is also called anti-fashion. Through a series of visual deconstructions, her creations address – directly or indirectly – themes such as feminism and gender identity. The “Body meets dress, dress meets body” Collection and the costumes of “Scenario” invest in an aesthetic that explores unusual possibilities of relationships between body and dress; an aesthetic which aims to deform the forms. At play, ideas that problematize the conventional contours and movements of the body: disproportionate volumes, silhouette misalignments, inversions of perspective, asymmetries, automatism, blurring of boundaries between body and dress, dress as an object. In this arena the suggestion of the notion of “fashion-sculpture” is born. A notion that is intended to be formulated from the work and for the understanding of the work. The investigation is developed from case study methodologies combined with a process of practical experimentation, which takes place simultaneously in the fields of art and design. In the scope of theoretical reflections it is proposed an approximation with the understanding of sculpture as a compound of sensations according to the Deleuze and Guattari conception in the essay “Percept, affect and concept”. The research seeks to establish a connexion between the sculptural compositions produced by the body-costume ensemble in Cunningham's choreography and the symbolic image of a stone sculpture that is at the origin of the concept of Über-Marionette designed by Gordon Craig. Finally, we try to think about possible relationships between the shapes of the costumes and some characteristic aspects of the grotesque body, such as ambivalences, oppositions, irregularities, described by Mikhail Bakhtin in his concept of grotesque realism. The costumes of the “Scenario” dance performance – in which the highlighted aspects can be observed exemplarily – are a strong expression of the idea of “fashion-sculpture”. In this communication, fragments of the show will be presented. In them, it can be seen that the alignment of the dancers, in pairs or trios, reconfigures in the space the volume composed of body and dress. The clothes created by Kawakubo for the Collection proposed the redesign of the body. This proposal is radicalized in the choreography: with the movement of the body-dress set in space, distortions and ambiguities are intensified. Theatricality is introduced and dramatic sculptural compositions are formed. With the theatrical game, the object function of the garment is also evidenced.
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Sportello, Valentina. "Cronaca di un abbandono: fenomeni di migrazione all'interno della Ciudad Vieja di Montevideo." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8015.
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La Ciudad Vieja, ha rappresentato per secoli il centro funzionale, abitativo e commerciale della
città di Montevideo, eppure nel corso dell’ultimo secolo ha subito molte trasformazioni che ne
hanno mutato sia il volto urbano che la composizione sociale. Risulta infatti essere il barrio
Montevideano con il maggior calo di abitanti (circa il 20%) e la causa principale di tale
fenomeno è imputabile alla localizzazione del porto commerciale nella baia e al conseguente
svilupparsi in loco dei servizi legati all’attività di quest'ultimo, che hanno trasformato l'antico
centro storico in un “barrio portuale”.
Lentamente la Ciudad Vieja si svuota e si classifica come luogo pericoloso e degradato agli
occhi dei suoi abitanti, che se ne allontanano attratti da abitazioni più comode e tranquille sul
bordo dell'oceano.
A questo flusso di popolazione in fuga, se ne affianca uno contrario, invisibile, composto dal
ceto più povero, il quale in cerca di un rifugio, è attratto dallo stock abitativo disponibile e
abbandonato che occupa illegalmente e dalle possibilità di lavoro offerte dal vicino porto. Il volto
della Ciudad Vieja cambia ancora, e il degrado urbano delle vie, corrisponde al peggioramento
delle condizioni di vita dei suoi nuovi abitanti, i quali vivono in totale assenza di regole igieniche,
in condizioni di sovraffollamento, privi di acqua e luce.
Nonostante negli ultimi anni le amministrazioni si siano occupate del degrado urbano e sociale
presente nella zona, le proposte di rilancio pensate, limitate al recupero di alcune facciate o alla
pedonalizzazione di alcune vie, son fallite miseramente e il fenomeno non è stato arginato,
mentre l'auspicata partecipazione di investitori privati non ha mai avuto seguito. For centuries the Ciudad Vieja was the functional, residential and commercial centre of the city
of Montevideo, however over the past century it has undergone many transformations, which have changed its urban essence and its social composition. It has been shown to be the barrio
in Montevideo with the highest population decline (about 20 %). Such phenomenon may be
attributed to the position of the commercial port in the bay and to the consequent development
of activities linked to the port, which have transformed the old town centre into a "port barrio".
The Ciudad Vieja slowly emptied and it was seen as dangerous and degraded by its inhabitants,
who went away from it attracted by more comfortable and quiet homes by the ocean. Another
flow contrasted that of the fleeding population: it was made up of the lower class in search for
refuge, attracted by the vacant and abandoned homes, which it occupied illegally, and by work
opportunities offered by the nearby port. The essence of the Ciudad Vieja changed once again
and the urban decay of the streets was equivalent to the worstening of the living conditions of its
new inhabitants, who live without sanitation rules, in overcrowded conditions and without
running water and electricity. Although in recent years administrations have dealt with the area's
urban and social decay, the proposed solutions, limited to the reclamation of a few facades and
to the pedestrianisation of some streets, have failed miserably and the phenomenon hasn't
been contained, while private investors have never participated.
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Martin, Amélie Cécile, François Lacouture, Philip Llewellyn, and Laurent Mariac. "A Fair Comparison Between Five Co2 Capture Technologies." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208138-ms.
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Abstract To curtail the global warming increase to less than 2°C by 2050, the IPCC highlights Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) as a vital approach. TotalEnergies, following its ambition to become a responsible energy major, invests 10% of its R&D budget in CCUS to reduce the global process cost and help decarbonize our activities. TotalEnergies is both working to decarbonize its own assets and developing a transport and storage infrastructure in Europe, with notably Northern Lights an example of note. It is equally of interest how this transport/storage infrastructure can be of use for other sectors and as such how various full CCUS chains may emerge. This explains the interest to develop techno-economic tools to evaluate CO2 capture processes applied to a wide range of industries. CO2 that is an integral part of the manufacturing process, is particularly difficult to abate in any future scenario, and one particular industry, which is facing such a challenge is the cement sector. CCUS has been identified as a potential solution to help with this issue. The present paper outlines the outcomes of a techno-economic study evaluating CO2 capture technologies based on cement factory retrofitting. A literature review aimed at identifying the main characteristics of a typical European cement plant (capacity, process mode, pollutant composition in the flue gas…) was carried out. In this paper, a base case scenario of 90% absorption-based CO2 capture with monoethanolamine (MEA) is compared with four alternative CO2 capture approaches: –An absorption technology based on non-amine solvent.–An adsorption technology based on a Concentration Swing Adsorption process.–An oxyfuel technology derived from the R&D works performed during the CEMCAP project (European CO2 capture project).–A Calcium Looping technology with tail-end process configuration. For each of these approaches, the whole carbon capture chain has been considered: this includes flue gas pretreatment, CO2 conditioning (including compression), steam generation, and utilities. Using process simulations, engineering studies have been carried out and have provided Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as Capital Costs, Operation Costs and Global Warming Potential (primary energy consumption per ton of CO2 avoided). It enabled mapping the technologies with regards to the cost and volume of CO2 avoided, as well as providing for each of the technologies the break-even point for an eventual CO2 tax. Based on these KPIs, several facts have been highlighted: –The need to consider the whole process (including utilities, compression…) and not only the capture unit.–The development of new materials for adsorption and contactor design is already driving down costs.–The availability of waste heat can be a game-changer to implement a CO2 capture technology.–Technology comparisons are location and site-specific and cannot be taken as a basis for concept selection. TotalEnergies approach to CCUS is collaborative. With these full-scale techno-economical assessments, generated via quotations from industrial equipment providers and using Engineering, Procurement and Construction standards, this not only gives a basis for comparison, but also assists our discussions with partners to identify key technological development pathways.
Reports on the topic "Investor composition"
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Gamboa-Estrada, Fredy, and Andrés Sánchez-Jabba. The Effects of Foreign Investor Composition on Colombia´s Sovereign Debt Flows. Banco de la República Colombia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1222.
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Assessing the composition of sovereign debt holders is important because investors’ behavior varies according to distinctive components, including shareholders’ preferences, regulatory constraints, and profitability mandates. To study this issue, we examine the determinants of offshore investments of mutual funds and pension funds, which concentrate Colombia’s outstanding sovereign debt. Our results indicate that mutual funds exhibit considerable sensitivity to shocks in global factors, such as the Federal Funds Rate, sovereign risk, and the composition of financial indices. This contrasts with findings among pension funds, for which we detected no statistically significant effects when examining these factors, underlining the differences in foreign investor behavior that could impact sovereign debt flows within emerging markets.