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1
Schanz, Sebastian, and Deborah Schanz. "The Income Tax Paradox." Intertax 38, Issue 3 (March 1, 2010): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2010018.
Abstract:
In non-neutral tax systems, levying taxes may have a paradoxical effect on investments: An investment’s value increases due to taxation. The so-called income tax paradox occurs when an investment’s after-tax net present value exceeds the net present value before taxes. In this article, we explain reasons for this paradoxal effect and demonstrate the income tax paradox using numerical examples. We show that occurrence of the tax paradox depends on taxation of interest income in the country where the investment project is carried out. Depending on the tax system, investments that are profitable (unprofitable) on a pre-tax basis can be unprofitable (profitable) due to taxes. Thus, an optimal investment decision can only be made by taking taxes into account.
2
Suruchi Sharma. "Investment Avenues Choices of Indian Retail Investors: An Empirical Investigation." TEST Engineering & Management 82 (January 1, 2020): 17968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/testmagzine.v82.14574.
Abstract:
This study looks into investor behavior to identify the finest investment possibilities in India. The goal of the investment portfolio is to help investors choose a portfolio of investments that will allow them to reach their financial goals within a given time frame. Investing can lead to more significant economic growth and prosperity by boosting individual wealth. Companies that can raise funds through financial markets benefit from the investing process. Some investments kinds offer additional advantages to the investor, the company, and society. The ideas of portfolio holdings, risk, and investment growth are familiar to Indian investors. The investment's guiding principle is "Prevention is better than Cure," which is predicted to result in higher earnings but lower risk. This essay will make the pertinent discovery that retail investors behave differently regarding financial investments. However, it will also highlight how their preferences for investment options regarding receiving a return on the invested amount vary depending on their knowledge and awareness of those options. The researcher had considered Indian retail investors know different investment avenues choices of Indian retail investors and found that investors choose recurring deposits, life insurance policies, and certificates of deposit with financial institutions and banks, Most Indians limit their investing options to risk-free ones like bank accounts and Individual investors continue to select investments with predictable returns and physical assets.
3
Schill, Stephan W. "Illegal Investments in Investment Treaty Arbitration." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 11, no. 2 (2012): 281–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180312x640697.
Abstract:
Abstract Investment treaty tribunals on numerous occasions have had to deal with the impact of breaches of domestic law by a foreign investor on the investment’s protection under an international investment treaty. In this context, tribunals had to interpret different “in accordance with host State law”-clauses contained in investment treaties, but also dealt with the effect of illegality in the absence of such clauses. The present article traces this increasingly complex jurisprudence and frames it as an issue of the relationship between domestic law and international investment law. Although different approaches exist, most importantly as to the effect of domestic illegality on the jurisdiction of investment treaty tribunals, the article suggests that there is considerable potential for convergence in arbitral jurisprudence, thus unveiling the contours of a doctrinal structure for dealing with illegal investments in international investment law and arbitration.
4
Kinyua, Muthinga Linus, Mr James Muturi, and Dr Eddie Simiyu. "Investment Strategy and Financial Performance of Defined Contribution Pension Funds in Kenya." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5050.
Abstract:
Pension funds are meant to enable pensioners to live quality life upon retirement by paying them retirement benefits. Financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya has continued to portray unimpressive trend despite positive targets set by the pension funds. Hence, the study examined the effect of investment strategy on financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya. Systems theory view of pension funds, agency theory, portfolio theory and fisher’s theory of investment guided this study. Secondary data was used in the study. Correlational research design and positivism research philosophy were adopted by this study. The target population comprised of 1172 registered defined contribution pension funds in Kenya as of December 2018. A sample size of 289 defined contribution pension funds were involved in the study and were selected by applying stratified random sampling method. The study established that a positive association exists between investment strategy and financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya. It concluded that investment strategy explained up to 57.76% of the variations in the return on investment. The regression analysis conducted found a significantly positive association between long term investments and return on investment. Medium term investments was also found to be positively and significantly connected to return on investment. There was also a significantly positive relationship between short term investments and return on investment. Alternative investments was found to be positively and significantly connected to return on investment. The coefficient of determination increased from 57.76% to 65.47% when density of contributions interacted with long term investments, medium term investments, short term investments and alternative investments. The study recommended long term investments as the most ideal investment option for defined contribution pension funds because of its ability to generate the highest return on investment. Medium term investments was recommended as the second best investment option to be embraced by defined contribution pension funds because of its ability to yield good returns as well, second to long term investments. The next investment priority should be given to the alternative investments since it had the third highest regression of coefficients. The least investment option to be undertaken by defined contribution pension funds should be short term investments. Keywords: Long term investments, medium term investments, short term investments, alternative investments, density of contribution, performance, defined contribution pension funds, Kenya.
5
Guzhev, Dmitry A. "Expected accuracy range of the volume of investments in the form of capital investments." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 60 (2022): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/60/10.
Abstract:
The subject of the study is the application of a variable approach to estimate the volume of investments required for the implementation of the investment project in the form of capital investments. The study considers domestic and foreign literature on the issue of exceeding the actual volume of investments spent on the creation of a facility over the planned volume of investments. In modern domestic conditions, the volume of investments required for the construction of the facility increases from the moment the customer makes a management decision to begin the implementation of the investment project at the stage of studying the feasibility of investments up to the commissioning of the facility, completed by construction and placing the newly created real estate object on accounting. The problem of exceeding the planned investment volume (overrun budget) for the construction of the facility is characteristic not only for domestic, but also for foreign practice of implementing investment projects. On the example of several objects put into operation, the variable approach to the assessment of the investment volume was analyzed. The concept of the expected accuracy range of determining the volume of investments in the form of capital investments is formulated and justified by calculations of its value, at various stages of the life cycle of the investment project. The author proposes to apply a variable approach in determining the planned investment volume for investment projects, including for calculating investment efficiency indicators. The proposed approach will allow: increasing the accuracy of estimating the required amount of investments for the implementation of an investment project; increasing the efficiency of investments in the form of capital investments starting from the stage of technology-economic justification of investments; among comprehensive measures, solving the problem of overrun budget – exceeding the actual volume of investment spent on the implementation of an investment project over the planned investment volume. In the course of further research, in the development of the author’ s proposals, it seems advisable to perform for a number of commissioned objects the calculation of investment efficiency indicators at the indicated stages of the investment project implementation (feasibility study of investments, approval of project documentation, actual costs after putting the object into operation) according to the methodology proposed by the author: using the estimated volume of investments and the marginal volume of investments when pessimistic, basic and optimistic investment performance should be assessed within the expected range of investment volume accuracy in the form of capital investments.
6
Шлапакова, Наталья, Natal'ya Shlapakova, Татьяна Учаева, Tat'yana Uchaeva, Кристина Зоткина, and Kristina Zotkina. "INVESTMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION. INVESTMENT PROJECT EVALUATION." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b6d5878322df5.76985434.
7
Kim, Jinsu, and Hyunchul Lee. "How Does Corporate Innovation Affect Sustainable Business Investment?" Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 13367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813367.
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of corporate innovation on sustainable business investments of companies listed on the Korea exchange from 2011 to 2019. To this end, our study applies Hennessy’s investment model, which presents the relationship between corporate investment and Tobin’s mean Q in a probabilistic space. We find evidence of a positive relationship between corporate investment and Tobin’s average Q. Greater corporate growth opportunities lead to greater business investments, whereas the expected recovery ratio of debt capital has a negative relationship with corporate investments. The innovation performance variable is positively associated with the investments. Our results are suggestive of business investments being determined by investment outcomes, rather than the financial resource inputs for corporate innovation. Our study holds significance not only in the academic dimension, but also in policymaking. Since corporate growth is the outcome of corporate investments, the government may establish and implement economic policies that induce such investments.
8
Wang, Wei. "Corporate governance and investments." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3c2p6.
Abstract:
We investigate the impact of corporate governance on physical and R&D investments in a Seemingly Unrelated Regressing (SUR) system. Marginal q’s are estimated using firm fundamental information for physical and R&D investments separately. We find that takeover pressure boosts both physical and R&D investments, public pension funds ownership has a U-shaped relation with physical investment, and greater director ownership is associated with lower physical investment and higher R&D investment. As far as investment distortions are concerned, takeover pressure mitigates the free cash flow problem and exacerbates the debt overhang problem, while public pension funds stockholding and director ownership alleviates the debt overhang for physical investment, and R&D investment, respectively.
9
., Alfiana, Ervina CM Simatupang, and Ita Borshalina. "Investment Portfolio of Pension Funds: Regulation and Implementation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23900.
Abstract:
This study determines which pension fund investments affect the return of investment in the pension fund industry. This research is an explanatory research conducted using multiple regression with data from the monthly pension fund statistics for the March 2015 to June 2018 period. The results show that of the 19 investments that the pension fund industry can make, there are still 2 types of investments that have not yet been made and 3 types of investments exceeding the limit specified allocation. In this study, only government bonds and land investments have a positive effect on return of investment while land and building investments have a negative effect. The results of this study indicate that the regulations do not have an impact on changing the type and allocation of investment in the pension fund industry, and is still dominated by certain investments that do not have an influence on the profitability of the pension fund industry which is measured by return of investment. Therefore, further studies are needed. This study is useful for (1) the pension fund industry to be able to apply investment portfolio theory regarding the types and allocations of investments and start new types of investment that are permitted (2) for financial services authorities (financial services authority) in order to arrange regulations regarding the type and allocation of investment.
10
Nino Bendianishvili, Nino Bendianishvili. "Modern Information Technologies in the Field of Foreign Investment, „IT Investments"." Economics 105, no. 1-2 (February 7, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/1-2/2022-52.
Abstract:
The information technology market is one of the main catalysts for economic development. Investment in information technology is especially important. Information technology is an investment product, for this reason, they have to compete with other areas of enterprise activities with limited investment resources. It should be noted that the concept of "investing in IT" is new and very broad. All IT investments are divided into four categories: 1. Infrastructure; 2. Transaction; 3. Informative; 4. Strategic. Infrastructure - means investments in local area network, communications, equipment. Transactions - Investments in systems that facilitate day-to-day operations: order processing, printing of technology cards, payment documents, etc. Informative - Investments in analysis and decision support activities. Strategic - Investments in new areas of IT. Keywords: Investment Product, Investment in IT, Foreign Investment Market, Information Technology Market.
11
Nzilani Muema, Jacinta, Job Omagwa, and Lucy Wamugo. "Equity Investments, Bond Investments and Financial Performance of Collective Investment Schemes in Kenya." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 10, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v10i3.1352.
Abstract:
The collective investment schemes in Kenya have witnessed increased volatility in their earnings, resulting in irregular growth in the industry. This necessitates the need to understand the factors contributing to poor financial returns from collective investment schemes. Hence this study sought to investigate the effect of equity investments and bond investments on Kenyan CIS’s performance. The specific objectives were: To assess the effect of equity investments, bond investments on financial performance of collective investment schemes in Kenya. The study was anchored on: modern portfolio theory and the efficient market hypothesis. The positivism philosophy was applied, with the firms adopting an explanatory research design. The target population was 17 Collective Investment Schemes registered by the Capital Markets Authority and were operational in the period 2010 to 2018. Secondary data was sought from the Capital Markets Authority Annual reports and from the respective websites of the CIS’. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and panel regression analysis. Hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. Findings indicate that equity investment, bond investments have an insignificant effect on CIS’ return on assets. Further, equity investments had a positive and significant effect on liquidity whereas bond investments had an insignificant effect on liquidity. The study recommends that CISs actively revise their equity investments and bond investments to stimulate financial returns.
12
Garvanlieva Andonova, Vesna. "PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT NEXUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA: CROWDING-IN OR OUT EFFECT?" Economy, Business and Development: An International Journal 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebd.00007.
Abstract:
The levelsof investments in North Macedonia have beenperceived for a long time assub-optimal, with significant capital budget bias, with regularly overestimated plans vs. outturn. The research problem elaborated is whether the structure of investments matters. Thus the objectiveof the article is to examine if there is a complementarity or substitutability between public and private investment, as well as the role of foreign direct investments in this nexus. Within the paperthe hypothesis of existence of crowding-in or crowding-out effectof the public investmentand foreign direct investment exert over private investment in North Macedoniais tested. The crowding-in and –out effect is tested with an autoregressive distributed lag bound testing. The results indicate crowding-out effect of public over private investments,with significanceof the foreign direct investments variable and at the same time crowding-in effect of foreign direct investments over private domestic investments. The crowding-out effect is immediate and short run.The results imply of a need for closer examination of the fiscal policies for public investment with efforts for improved public investment performance processes.
13
Rasmussen, Josefine. "The Role of Structural Context in Making Business Sense of Investments for Sustainability–A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 7006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177006.
Abstract:
Energy efficiency is an important means for sustainable manufacturing. One action for manufacturing companies to improve energy efficiency is through investments. While these investments often are profitable, opportunities remain unexploited. This paper explores the structural context of the investment decision-making process by examining the associated activities, procedures, and the role of information. While the structural context may limit complex investments that do not fit predefined rules and controls, such as energy efficiency and other sustainability-related investments, it remains a scarcely studied aspect of investment decision-making for energy efficiency investments. Method-wise, the paper is based on a case study of a major investment at a pulp and paper company, motivated and justified based on productivity, strategic, energy, and sustainability rationales. The paper contributes with illustrating how configurations of internal investment activities and procedures may be crucial for sustainability-related investments to pass through the investment process. Moreover, the configuration of activities and procedures is also indicated as influential for the way in which an investment is executed. Hence, for energy efficiency and other sustainability-related investments to make business sense constitutes more than achieving desirable payback periods; the structural context should be considered.
14
SHPINEV, YURY. "CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS: REAL AND FINANCIALIURII." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 17, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2021-17-6-69-74.
Abstract:
In the scientific environment, there are many options for classifying investments, but almost all authors divide investments into real and financial ones. At the same time, there is no single approach to classification by the object of investment in the scientific community, as, however, there is no consensus on the composition of signs that distinguish real and financial investments from the entire spectrum of possible investments. At the same time, the problem of determining the main features of real and financial investments is quite relevant today, since there is no regulatory definition, and the presence of such a definition may be in demand in the near future, which is primarily due to the demand for investments in the real sector of the country's economy, and as a consequence, the establishment of legislative benefits and preferences for enterprises that make real investments in state-defined industries, which is quite problematic to implement in the absence of a regulatory definition. By analyzing the existing points of view on the nature of real and financial investments and their place in the classification, two main directions of opinions on the essence of direct investment can be distinguished. According to some authors, all investments in the object of investment can be divided into real and financial. Another group of scientists suggests a broader classification, adding intangible and intellectual investments, investments in human capital, etc. to real and financial investments. According to the author of the article, investments in intangible assets and tangible assets are components of real investments, and intellectual investments and investments in human capital, in turn, are included in intangible investments. The article also proves that portfolio investments cannot be identified with financial investments, and real investments cannot be identified with direct investments.
15
Berezhnaya, O. V., E. V. Berezhnaya, V. N. Glaz, E. G. Strukova, and A. Н. Goshokov. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTS IN HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE REGIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 181 (2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2021-14-2-109-116.
Abstract:
The article discusses some areas of optimization of the spatial distribution of investments in human capital on the example of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District. Based on the study of the subjects of investment in human capital and the mechanisms of investment in human capital, the article identifies a number of problems that allow us to talk about a weak system of organization and management of investments in human capital, as well as stochastic returns on these investments, which requires the search for mechanisms to optimize the processes of managing the spatial distribution of investments in human capital. In order to solve the problems identified in the study and to optimize the spatial distribution of investments in human capital at the regional level in the context of limited financial capabilities of the regions, the proposed article develops a mechanism for forming priorities for regional investments in human capital, which will take into account the characteristics of a particular region, its priorities in terms of investment in human capital, the structure and sources of such investments, taking into account the capabilities of the region. Within the framework of the proposed study, it is determined that the formation of priorities for regional investments in human capital should be determined as the ratio of the required volume of investment investments to the costs of achieving specific results of socio-economic development, taking into account specific criteria for assessing the financial support of the regional investment process. The mechanism of formation of priorities of regional investments in human capital proposed in the scientific article will allow optimizing the distribution of investments in regional human capital, since the priority areas of investment are determined here taking into account the available resources of the region, as well as taking into account the assessment of their multiplier effect for sustainable regional development as a whole.
16
Sushch, Olena. "Legal Characteristics of Special Investment Agreement." Law and innovations, no. 1 (41) (March 12, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2023-1(41)-6.
Abstract:
Problem setting. An investment agreement is the most common form of establishing the rights and obligations of subjects of investment activity, but investment agreements do not have sufficient legal reasoning at the legislative level. The legislator is trying to improve the legal regulation of investment activity, which leads to the emergence of new contractual structures in the field of investment activity. Thus, an amendment to the investment legislation became the consolidation of the contractual structure «special investment agreement» in the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments», in connection with this, questions arise regarding: the correctness of the name of «special investment agreement». This question arises on the basis of the fact that the legislation does not contain a definition of the concept of «investment agreement», but there is a definition of a special investment agreement; the legal nature of relations arising on the basis of a special investment agreement, since the parties to the contractual obligations are subjects of public and private law; features of conclusion, execution, termination of a special investment agreement and liability of the parties for improper execution of contractual relations; scope of subjective rights and legal obligations of the subjects of contractual relations, since the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments» does not reflect the rights and obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement. All these issues require a theoretical and legal understanding. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The study of modern scientific publications on the problems of legal regulation of investment activities indicates the absence of scientific publications, the subject of which would be the study of the contractual construction of a special investment agreement. Target of the research is to analyze the legal regulation of the contractual construction of a special investment agreement. Article’s main body. The signs of a special investment agreement, which indicate its specificity, have been established. Among them: the purpose of the agreement is the implementation of an investment project with significant investments; state support for investment projects with significant investments and the specific composition of subjects of contractual relations (applicant, investor with significant investments and subjects of public law the state represented by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the territorial community). The specifics of concluding, amending and terminating a special investment agreement are defined. Conclusions and prospects for development. A special investment agreement is a complex contractual structure that contains elements of private-law and public-law nature of relations arising in connection with the implementation of investment projects with significant investments. Legal regulation of investment projects with significant investments and special investment agreements has the following disadvantages: statutory state support provided to investors with significant investments can be provided only to those investors whose significant investments in investment objects during the period of implementation of the investment project with significant investments exceed the amount equivalent to 20 million euros. Investors who do not meet these financial requirements cannot acquire the status of investor with significant investments and thus, state support; to implement an investment project with significant investments, it is necessary to create a new legal entity an investor with significant investments; The Law of Ukraine “On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments” does not establish the rights nor obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement. The lack of scientific works on the researched topic indicates the need for further study of the specifics of concluding, executing and terminating special investment agreements, their legal nature and the scope of rights and obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement.
17
Kizimbayeva, Azhar, Bekarshyn Zhumanova, Zeinegul Yessymkhanova, Zhanar Dauletkhanova, and Aigul Mukhamejanova. "Developing environmentally responsibly investment in Kazakhstan." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 08035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340208035.
Abstract:
The article examines the development and formation of green finance in Kazakhstan. It is noted that green finance is now becoming The article defines the essence of responsible investment within the framework of the concept of ESG investment which takes into account the unity of environmental, social and corporate governance factors; an analysis of the status and development of responsible investment factors and corporate governance factors; the analysis of the status and development of responsible investments in economically developed countries; the possibilities of formation of ecosystem of financial support of ecologically responsible investments were estimated ecosystem of financial support for environmentally responsible investments in Kazakhstan; the following factors constraining and stimulating investments in “green” economy projects were identified, the measures of state support for environmentally responsible investment in the country have also been proposed. Investments in the country; and the measures proposed by the government to support the development of environmentally responsible investments in the country. Systematisation and refinement of scientific and theoretical approaches to defining The essence and economic content of environmentally responsible investment in the framework of The concept of ESG-investments and study of the possibility of their implementation in the practice of Kazakhstan.
18
Havakhor, Taha, Sanjiv Sabherwal, Rajiv Sabherwal, and Zachary Steelman. "Evaluating Information Technology Investments: Insights from Executives’ Trades." MIS Quarterly 46, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 1165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2022/16355.
Abstract:
Performance impacts of investments in information technologies (ITs) are difficult to evaluate. External investors are further constrained by their lack of visibility into the firm’s intangible, complementary actions and capabilities, creating an information asymmetry between them and the firm’s executives. Building on signaling theory and the research on senior executives’ trades in a firm’s stock, this paper addresses the following question: How are the stock trades by a firm’s senior executives before a major IT investment by the firm associated with the future value to the firm from that IT investment? The results based on data on 2,898 publicly announced IT investments from 926 firms during 2002–2016 suggest that (1) the purchasing of a firm’s stock by its senior executives before a firm’s IT investment is associated with the investment’s longterm effect on firm value; (2) such stock purchases by a firm’s senior executives are associated with a stronger positive (negative) relationship between the IT’s newness and the long-term abnormal returns to firms emphasizing a revenue enhancement (cost reduction) IT strategy; (3) for firms pursuing a hybrid strategy, purchases by CIOs but not purchases by CEOs or the newness of IT are associated with firm value, and (4) purchases made by CIOs provide greater information about the IT investment’s impact on firm value than purchases made by CEOs. We further improve our predictive model’s accuracy from 75% for a model including the fit between IT newness and IT strategy to 80% and 91% when considering purchases by CEOs or CIOs, respectively, and 92% when considering purchases by both executives.
19
Huang, Tian, Deyi Shi, and Shihao Xue. "The role and helpfulness of pensions in personal financial investment after retirement." BCP Business & Management 23 (August 4, 2022): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v23i.1359.
Abstract:
More than 90% of wage earners in the United States can receive pension options benefits after retirement. It is especially important to manage funds reasonably and choose the right investment after retirement. We use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Fama-French three-factor model to establish pension and non-pension investment portfolios and measure the return and risk changes of pension portfolio investments under different portfolio investments. The experimental results show that pensions are of great help to the return and Sharpe ratio of portfolio investments. With the intervention of different factors, pensions provide good and stable income support for portfolio investments. Especially under the expectations of different markets, pensions performed extremely well in portfolio investments. With the establishment of reasonable portfolio investment, we suggest that adding pensions to the portfolio investment will bring more stable investment performance.
20
Tashmuhamedova, K., and A. Matyakubov. "Methodology for Determining the Efficiency of Investments." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/41/39.
Abstract:
The paper studies methodological issues related to the determination of the efficiency of investments in the structure of the GDP and developing of the economy. The methods of evaluation of the efficiency of investments are also studied in the paper. It concludes that the determination of the efficiency it makes sense to use a performance indicator (efficiency) of additional investments (investment growth), i.e. the rate increase investment and productivity (efficiency) of a particular investment share in GDP, that is, the accumulated amount of investments.
21
Ptáček, Roman. "Capital-protected funds with fixing of realized appreciations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 6 (2005): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553060155.
Abstract:
Capital-protected funds of collective investments can be adequate investment opportunity for higher risk aversion investors with lower liquidity requirements. These funds always guarantee mostly 100% investment recovery and an appreciation sometimes. It is provided by their investment strategy. The paper is focused on „Click“ funds. These funds do not build on values of underlying assets just on maturity; they allow fixing realized appreciations during duration of the funds. It means higher probability of investment’s appreciation.
22
Manuelia, Lidya, and Lia Uzliawati. "LEGAL DIVERSIFICATION AS A STRATEGY TO REDUCE INVESTMENT RATIOS." JEA17: Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/jea17.v8i1.8721.
Abstract:
Everyone who invests will want to get optimal profits with a growing capital value, whether using long-term investments or short-term investment products. Therefore, a strategy is needed in making investments. One of them is by investment diversification. Investment diversification is a widely accepted strategy for reducing investment risk. In analysing the portfolio, continuous analysis is needed in order to obtain relevant information, so that the target of portfolio formation through diversification provides optimal results. At the time when the traditional portfolio was recognised, the simple diversification of investments was the commonly used strategy, however, due to its inability to recognise the correlation between returns on different investments, simple diversification was replaced with efficient diversification. This study is aimed at conducting a comparative analysis between the simple and efficient diversification of investments, and to determine the combination of expected return and LQ-45 stock risk in order to select investments in Indonesia Stock Exchange through the establishment of an optimum portfolio.
23
Khomutenko, Lyudmila, and Anna Usenko. "ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS AS A METHOD OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION: INVESTMENTS IN THE WINE COLLECTIONS." Economic Analysis, no. 27(4) (2017): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.04.180.
Abstract:
Introduction. Each investor is interested in obtaining maximum income at all stages of the investment process. There is a need to hedge investment risks to increase the overall level of expected profitability. Nowadays, solving the problem of choosing ways to diversify an investment portfolio requires expanded interpretation. Purpose. The article aims to carry out the analysis of current state of the market of alternative investments; to investigate the efficiency of investing in non-traditional tangible assets; to identify the potential benefits and risks for an investor from investing in a wine collection. Results. The article investigates functioning of modern market of alternative investments, in particular investments in wine collections. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the current level of alternative investments development around the world have been conducted. The paper has also considered the main aspects of non-traditional investment activities along with their key advantages and disadvantages. The risks which are associated with attracting investment in wine collections have been analysed.
24
Ramaz Otinashvili, Ramaz Otinashvili, Tamar Otinashvili Tamar Otinashvili, and Khvicha Sharashidze Khvicha Sharashidze. "Important Aspects of Region’s Investment Processes Stimulation." Economics 105, no. 4-5 (May 8, 2022): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/4-5/2022-130.
Abstract:
Investments are considered the most effective means of business recovery. A favorable investment climate is formed by the normative-legal and economic activity of the state. Accordingly, the article discusses the main directions of state regulation of investment activity. Limited investment resources are a major challenge for the effective development of the region, implementation of strategic goals and objectives. Its solution largely determines the modernization of business, which determines the development of the region and its investment attractiveness. Investments should be attracted in such areas of business, the realization of which will contribute to the development of the regions. In this regard, the most promising fields in Georgia are: tourism, energy, construction, agriculture, transport and communications. Taking into account national-state interests, the volume of investments in the structure of foreign investments should be increased, which will be directed to the revival and development of production. Integrated territorial investment measures must meet the different and diverse needs of different territories. Keywords: Business, Region, Investments, Competitiveness, Infrastructure, inflation.
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Sayed, Ariba Atique, and Prof Gaurav Petkar. "An Exploratory Study on Variables Impacting Investments in India with Reference to Theories of Investments (2010-2020)." Technoarete Journal on Accounting and Finance 2, no. 4 (July 13, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/tjaf/02.04.a001.
Abstract:
Theories of Investments deciphers and ruminates the mechanism and accelerator of investments in the economy and a firm. To study the theories of investments is an integral part of finance and economic ecosystem due to augmenting vitality of investments. All the growth and development activity depend on the monetary infusion in the system which can be pooled through large scale investments. The desideratum to study theories of investments to articulate the existing variables affecting investment patterns in the economy (India:2010-2020) alongside to explore the uncharted variables existing in the ecosystem has become variably imperative. The branch of macroeconomics is diverse and vast to incorporate add on variables to existing theories to develop a new dynamic and advanced model for a fundamental concept like investments. Monetary policy by the central bank is targeted at inflation but inflation is also a pivotal variable of investments and monetary policy do affect the investment patterns in the country, as it is a determinant factor for the raging and dropping interest rates, open market operations, money (cash or digital) flow in the economy. Hence a regression analysis on the variables discovered at macro level will ruminate the dynamics of investments in the millennial age. Keywords: Theories of Investments, Inflation, Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Institutional Investors, Gross Domestic Product, Gross Domestic Savings, Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Regression Analysis.
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Yılancı, Veli, and Mücahit Aydın. "Testing of the crowding out effect for Turkey." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.447.
Abstract:
In this study, we test the effect of public investment on private sector investment for Turkey for the period 1980-2014. There can be three different types of relationship between them. Public investment can have crowding in effect on private sector investment. That is, an increase in public investments creates same way change in private sector investments. Public investment can have crowding out effect on private sector investment. In other words, an increase in public investments decreases private sector investments Public investment can have no effect on private sector investment. We first test the existence of the relationship between them by using recently introduced unit root and cointegration tests. We test the stationarity of the variables by using Kapetanios (2005) unit root test and test the long run relationship by employing Maki (2009) cointegration test. Both of the tests allow multiple structural breaks which determined endogenously. Since we find the long run relationship between public and private sector investments we examine the type of the effect using FMOLS cointegrating model which supports evidence for the crowding-in effect.    Keywords: Crowding Out Effect, Cointegration, Structural Breaks
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Gudkov, F. A. "Investments in Innovations—or Russian "Investment Roulette"." Problems of Economic Transition 56, no. 6 (September 23, 2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991560605.
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TIPPET, JOHN. "ETHICAL INVESTMENT, CHURCH INVESTMENTS AND THE LAW." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 20, no. 2 (June 2001): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2001.tb00279.x.
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Sornarajah, M. "Portfolio Investments and the Definition of Investment." ICSID Review 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/24.2.516.
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Jarosiński, Krzysztof, and Benedykt Opałka. "The Risk of Long-Term Financing of Public Investments." European Journal of Marketing and Economics 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejme-2019.v2i2-69.
Abstract:
The risk of financing of public investments is a phenomenon that accompanies development processes in a permanent manner. Investments in the public sector are generally characterized by relatively long implementation cycles and involve significant capital expenditure and the necessity of often parallel running a large number of investment projects. In the processes of this type of investment a specific risk category of financing of this type of investment is quite often taken into account, given that such projects are financed mainly from budgetary resources: the state budget and self-government budgets. Economic practice indicates an importance of the proper selection of the method of the financing of new investments and taking into account new funds from various sources. This situation is often the result of a shortage of budgetary resources from which public investments could be financed. There may be difficulties in financing investments resulting from the emergence of a risk of budgetary deficit and the public debt. This risk may have a negative impact on investment decisions and may adversely affect the future course of ongoing investment projects. The purpose of the paper is to undertake studies on the conditions of financing investments from the point of view of the possibility of budget deficit and public debt and the impact of changes in the financial situation on the overall level of risk of public investment. The text is an invitation to undertake a broader discussion on financing public investments in conditions of limited public financial resources.
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Popova, Olga. "DEVELOPING THE METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ECOLOGICAL INVESTMENTS." Economical 2, no. 2(21) (2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1680-0044-2019-2(21)-151-158.
Abstract:
The article describes the modern world experience in the formation and development of the system of economic evaluation of environmental investments. Approaches to the formation of the discount rate using dynamic methods of evaluating the effectiveness of investments are analyzed. An analysis of world experience in the economic evaluation of environmental investments. It is established that the methods of economic evaluation of environmental investments require adjustment of the main investment parameters - the amount of investment payments, the duration of the planned horizon, the discount rate - taking into account the specifics of such investments. The article identifies a high level of environmental risk and higher amounts of invested capital as specific features of environmental investments. This primarily applies to the methodology of economic evaluation of environmental investments, which are characterized by an increased level of risk, higher cost of capital involved in contrast to traditional investments. It is proposed to consider the conditions for the formation of critical points in the interest rate on the example of an investment designed for five years. The choice of such a planned project implementation horizon is due to the fact that with an odd number of years there is always at least one critical point and under certain conditions, which will be discussed below, there is a possibility of new critical points that expand investment efficiency. It is shown that if the project is designed for an even number of years, the existence of one such point is not always possible. The study confirms that with a certain change in investment parameters there is an expansion or contraction of the safety zone when changing one or more parameters of environmental investment. implementation will be economically feasible for all participants in the investment process.
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PODOLIANCHUK, Olena, and Nataliya GUDZENKO. "CAPITAL INVESTMENTS: NORMATIVE LEGAL AND ACCOUNTING." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (56) (June 29, 2021): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-2-12.
Abstract:
The article evaluates the legal regulation and accounting of capital investments and determines that a single and precise term that would determine their essence has not yet been developed. The difference in the definitions of capital investments is outlined, which leads to confusion in their evaluation and reflection in the system of accounting accounts. There are two approaches to determining the nature of capital investment in the legal framework: economic and accounting. The dynamics and structure of capital investments by types of assets in terms of 2015-2019 are presented. Based on the results of elaboration of the regulatory framework and scientific opinions of scientists, their own opinion on the definition of capital investment has been expressed. It is noted that in the organization of accounting for capital investments it is important to assess, classify, justify objects, as well as the allocation of costs to current (to maintain the object in working order) and attribute investments to capital (improving the functional properties of the object ). A generalized classification of capital investments is proposed, which will help to timely and fully systematize the accounts and reflect in the reporting of objective and reliable information. It was found that one of the problems of accounting for capital investments is the distribution of costs and investments incurred between current costs and capital investments. Entities are invited to develop their own criteria for identifying capital investment objects and assigning the cost of repairs (capital repairs) to capital investments and approve them in the accounting policy and order. In order to ensure the objectivity of the information on capital investments, alternative changes to the Chart of Accounts have been proposed in the part of the Capital Investments account. The submitted proposals will provide an opportunity to consider capital investments as a separate object of accounting and to assess the rationality of investments.
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Petrofsky, Erica, Martin Dietrich Brauch, Yanick Touchette, Aaron Cosbey, Ivetta Gerasimchuk, Lourdes Sanchez, Nathalie Bernasconi-Osterwalder, Maria Bisila Torao Garcia, and Temur Potaskaevi. "Treaty on Sustainable Investment for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Aligning International Investment Law with the Urgent Need for Climate Change Action." Journal of International Arbitration 36, Issue 1 (February 1, 2019): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2019002.
Abstract:
The climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives set by the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the broader Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under the Agenda 2030 create a need for an unprecedented shift from carbon-intensive to low-carbon investment projects. Investment and the legal regimes that govern it—including international investment law—are critical to this shift. To accelerate it, the authors propose the Treaty on Sustainable Investment for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. One of the winners of the Stockholm Treaty Lab competition, the treaty has three building blocks: (1) encouraging Sustainable Investments; (2) discouraging Unsustainable Investments and eliminating new Unsustainable Investments; and (3) ensuring a just transition to sustainable and low-carbon economies and societies. It allows states to indicate, in schedules to the annexes of the treaty, which sectors will be defined as Sustainable or Unsustainable Investments. It protects and signals policy support for Sustainable Investments, while denying treaty-based procedural rights to Unsustainable Investments and committing states to agree on modalities and timelines for phasing out incentives for Unsustainable Investments, such as fossil fuel subsidies. It includes investor obligations and provides access to justice to individuals and communities through an accountability mechanism.
34
Raluca, Danciu Aniela, and Strat Vasile Alecsandru. "Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment in Romania: Low Tech Investments versus High Tech Investments." Procedia Economics and Finance 10 (2014): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00303-7.
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Hsieh, Hsin-yi, and Xuerong Huang. "Managerial Ability and Extreme Investment Behavior." Accounting and Finance Research 8, no. 4 (August 16, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n4p57.
Abstract:
This paper examines whether, why, and how managerial ability is associated with firms’ investment behavior. Specifically, we focus on the effect of managerial ability on extreme investment behavior. We define expansionary (contractionary) investments as investing significantly more (less) than what is expected based on the firm’s sales growth and industry membership. The baseline results reveal that more able managers are less likely to make contractionary investments, while they are more likely to make expansionary investments. We further propose and test the strategic investment hypothesis, which predicts that more able managers time the product markets and invest aggressively to ensure firms’ future competitiveness. The evidence is supportive of this hypothesis: More able managers are more (less) likely to make expansionary (contractionary) investments when the industry (1) becomes more competitive, and (2) is at the onset of R&D growth. Moreover, expansionary investments by more able managers are indeed their strategic investments, which lead to superior future abnormal returns.
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Bychkova, A. A. "Investments in Russia’s transport infractructure." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-2-151-159.
Abstract:
The article considers the investment sources in transport, justifies the need for financial investments on the example of costs on a global and Russian scale. The dynamics of changes in investments by categories of transport routes for 2016–2019 has been analysed. The research of the authors’scientific works on this topic has been given. Renovation and optimisation of the transport structure brings a number of advantages to the Russian transport infrastructure. In addition to the positive aspects of infrastructure modernisation, there is a percentage of losses – these are risks from investments. The methodology of the study presents formulas for calculations, by which the investment programs profitability has been determined. As a solution to the lack of investment funds, the creation of aggregate investment sources has been proposed.
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Al-Darwesh, Hanem Rajab Ibrahem. "The Joint Arabic Investments Role at Aqaba Special Economic Zone: Marsa Zayed as a Model." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 9 (July 20, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n9p22.
Abstract:
The study addressed the role of Arabic investments in Aqaba special economic zone (ASEZ), and tried to answer the following questions: are the necessary potentials and features available in (ASEZ) to provide an attractive investment climate for the Arabic investments, what is the level of policies effectiveness for improving the investment climate in (ASEZ) to attract the Arabic investments, what is the level of guarantees effectiveness provided by (ASEZ) to encourage Arabic investments, and what is the level of investment privileges and facilities, related to the investments provided by (ASEZ) to attract the Arab investment to it. Data were collected through one study tool that consisted of 30 paragraphs by using Likert fifth scale. Study importance comes from its benefit to decision makers at (ASEZ) to avoid some of the pitfalls and barriers that face the investment in it, where the descriptive analytical approach was used to calculate the arithmetic means, standard deviations, percentages, and T-test on paragraphs of the questionnaire that was distributed by the simple random survey method. Study results showed the existence of distinctive characteristics within the investment climate at (ASEZ), and also concluded that (ASEZA) plays a big role in attracting Arabic investments to Aqaba, the study in return arrived to the existence of some barriers that limit the Arabic investments attraction to Aqaba, the most important of those are: management problems, multiple decision making parties, bureaucratic, and routine. The study recommended to reformulate operation of the united investment window, in a way that makes it a role model, to repair the internal house of government institutions and agencies dealing with investment, entrepreneurship or projects, and train staffs to facilitate the procedures offers for foreign investors, which encourage them to establish their projects there and improve the image of Jordan as an attractive country for investment and investors.
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Dr. G. Balamurugan and V Sivanesan. "Financial Investment Pattern and Preference of College Professors at Trichy City." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.12.3.28.
Abstract:
Financial Investments are the commitments that are made by individuals with any financial and non-financial instruments for gaining a better and profitable return in future for a particular objective. The financial and non-financial investment instruments act as a medium or a driving tool for investment decisions of individuals. From the available investment avenues one must select the appropriate one that he feels safer or good to invest. The person who is going to make investments should be aware of all knowledge about investments and should be aware of how it is going to fulfil his objective. The person who is investing should be known of all the investment avenues available for making investments. Such avenues are employee provident fund, public provident fund, mutual funds, insurance, bank deposits, real estate, gold, stock market. This study is about to analyse the investment pattern of college professors and their attitude towards investment avenues. It also aims to identify the reason behind making investment and to find their objective for making investment. It helps to find the behaviour of individuals while making investments. Further this study helps to find the relationship of various demographic factors of the respondents and factors associated while making investment decisions. Such factors include time period of their investment, investment avenues, risk factors, returns etc.
39
Buneeva, Evgeniya Yu, Olga A. Bezrukikh, and Kseniya Yu Zubritskaya. "Investment decisions in the real estate market using instruments to reduce the level of financial risks." Siberian Financial School, no. 1 (August 2, 2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/1993-4386-2023-1-72-80.
Abstract:
The real estate market is an important element of the system of market relations, acting not only as an object of ownership, but also as an object of investment. Real estate investments are one of the key aspects of ensuring the functioning of the economic system and have a multiplicative effect. The article substantiates the role of real estate investments as the most important catalyst for economic development. The structure and dynamics of investments in commercial real estate were analyzed, which led to the conclusion that the overall increase in the volume of investments in this market is accompanied by a reduction in the share of foreign capital in investments. Various forms of investment are considered and their distinctive features are investigated in the context of the fundamental characteristic features of each of the forms. Special attention is paid to investment decisions related to investments in real estate and implemented using financial market instruments. Based on a number of characteristics, the presented forms of investment were compared, their profitability, growth prospects and possible risks were determined. Based on the analysis, the directions of investment strategies in the real estate market are formulated, which are relevant in the current market conditions.
40
Alandarov, R. A. "The Role of the Federal Budgetary Investments in Ensuring the Socio-Economic Development of Russia in 2019–2021." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 3 (July 7, 2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-3-48-58.
Abstract:
The paper describes the specifics of planning federal budget allocations for budgetary investments in 2019–2021.The relevance of the paper is due to the fact that Presidential Decree No. 204 of May 07.2018 sets the goal for Russia to break into the top five world economies and ensure economic growth rates exceeding the world rates while maintaining the macroeconomic stability. The subject of the research is federal budget allocations for budgetary investments. The purpose of the research was to assess the volume, dynamics, structure and legal support of budgetary investments to ensure their compliance with the objectives of the socio-economic development of Russia. Based on a dynamic structural analysis of the federal budget investments as well as a comparative analysis of fixed investments in Russia and developed countries, it is concluded that there is a need to enhance the fixed asset investments by increasing budgetary investment amounts along with encouraging private investing by the population and businesses. Apart from increasing capital investments from the federal budget, it is also important to update the budgetary investment structure with a focus on the main socioeconomic development targets. The analysis of the legal regulation in the field of budgetary investments showed the necessity to refine the existing legal framework to improve the quality of the budgetary investment planning. Following the analysis of factors hindering the growth of private investing, proposals were made on to how to improve the investment climate in the Russian Federation.
41
Kazantsev, Kirill Y. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE VENTURE INVESTMENT MARKET IN RUSSIA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-3-1-68-74.
Abstract:
The article describes two main types of investments in the intellectual property market in Russia - direct and venture, the prevailing share of state-owned venture investments over private is shown. The picture of high-tech investments is presented. The factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the intellectual product are named, the characteristics of the main trends in the venture investment market are given.
42
Khirbeik, Yazan. "Chinese Investments in Africa." Contemporary problems of social work 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2020-6-2-12-19.
Abstract:
this article focuses on Chinese investment in Africa and its role in achieving economic development. The author examines the most important Chinese investment sectors and the volume of American and European investments in Africa compared to China in 2016–2018. The article discusses the economic, political, and security goals that China seeks to achieve in Africa with these investments, and identifies the tools it uses to achieve this.
43
Rendel, J. M., A. D. Mackay, and P. Smale. "Valuing on-farm investments." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.488.
Abstract:
The challenge of maximising the value of an onfarm investment is dependent on two factors: first, ensuring the full potential of the investment is realised by adjusting current practices to capture the gains; and second, the challenge of isolating, quantifying and valuing the contribution that investment makes to the whole farm business. A new generation farm optimisation model (INFORM) addresses both these issues. Two distinctly different on-farm investments, planting of a forestry block and sowing a multi-year forage crop, both on a hill country sheep and beef operation, are presented to illustrate the capability the model has for first optimising the investment and then using this information to conduct a farm system capital investment investigation. The investment analysis includes consideration of the capital requirements, and also calculates the maximum amount that can be spent on each of the investments to add value to the current business. Keywords: farm system analysis, investment, NPV, optimisation, INFORM
44
Samsel, Agnieszka. "Generation Zalpha facing emotional investments." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2023, no. 166 (2023): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.166.43.
Abstract:
Purpose: In the article the author presents the results of research into the subjective assessment of knowledge about investments and examples of emotional investing and investment choices of young people. The author tries to predict the directions of development and trends in the field of emotional investments. The main goal was to establish how emotional investments are perceived by young people in comparison to other age groups. Methodology: The article uses a critical analysis of the literature, the method of a diagnostic survey and the method of statistical inference. Findings: Most people describe their knowledge about investments as average. Most respondents indicated that an emotional investment means being involved in their own development. The smallest percentage of respondents described jewellery as an emotional investment. There is a statistically significant correlation between the perception of emotional investments and the gender of the respondents, education and the source of income. There are significant differences in the distribution of spare financial resources between Generation Zalpha and the rest of the population. Value: This paper shows the approach of the young generation to investment. Do young people choose to "have" or "be"? What do young people understand by investing? And what it means for young people to invest in themselves. Paper allows young people to guess investment thoughts. It also allows you to try to define the direction of development and interests in the future. Paper is also a great inspiration for further research. Keywords: household; personal finance; financial decisions; emotional investments. Category of the paper: market research or surveys, empirical, scientific.
45
Pereira, Alfredo M., and Rui M. Pereira. "Are all infrastructure investments created equal? The case of Portugal." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v2i1.145.
Abstract:
Using a newly developed data set, we analyze the effects of infrastructure investment on economic performance in Portugal. A vector-autoregressive approach estimates the elasticity and marginal products of twelve types of infrastructure investment on private investment, employment, and output. We find that the largest long-term accumulated effects come from investments in railroads, ports, airports, health, education, and telecommunications. For these infrastructures, the output multipliers suggest that these investments pay for themselves through additional tax revenues. For investments in ports, airports and education infrastructures, the bulk of the effects are short-term demand-side effects, while for railroads, health, and telecommunications, the impact is mostly of a long-term and supply-side nature. Finally, investments in health and airports exhibit decreasing marginal returns, with railroads, ports, and telecommunications being relatively stable. In terms of the other infrastructure assets, the economic effects of investments in municipal roads, electricity and gas, and refineries are insignificant, while investments in national roads, highways, and waste and waste water have positive economic effects but too small to improve the public budget. Clearly, from a policy perspective, not all infrastructure investments in Portugal are created equal.
46
Max, Raphael, and Matthias Uhl. "Moral luck in investment contexts: We consciously find unprofitable investments less moral." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): e0278677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278677.
Abstract:
Moral luck refers to whether an actor is morally praised or blamed for an action whose outcome they could not influence. In two studies, we investigated the behavioral importance of this phenomenon in the realm of investments, which has become increasingly subject to ethical evaluations. In our first online experiment, we examined whether people’s moral evaluation of an investment decision depended on its arbitrary outcome and whether their interpretation of the nature of the decision was driven by this outcome. Our results showed that profitable investments were considered more moral than unprofitable investments. Moreover, profitable investments were labeled “investments” instead of “speculation” or “gambling” more often than unprofitable ones. In our second study, we asked the subjects to assess investments independent of the outcome. After the outcome was announced, the subjects were given the opportunity to reflect and change their initial decision. The results show that people change the moral evaluation and label of investments when told that it had a bad outcome. This observation was stable across different investment contexts. These findings suggest that we must be careful with the increasing moralization of investment decisions and be sensitive to our cognitive biases.
47
Tiutiunyk, Inna, Wojciech Cieśliński, Andrii Zolkover, and László Vasa. "Foreign direct investment and shadow economy: One-way effect or multiple-way causality?" JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 4 (December 2022): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/12.
Abstract:
The article examines the relationship between the size of the shadow economy and indicators of the investment market development. Net inflow of foreign direct investments, volume of net investments in non-financial assets, volumes of portfolio investments, and net outflow of foreign direct investment were used as parameters characterizing the development of the investment market. The dependence between the indicators was analyzed using the regression equation, Shapiro-Wilk test. Research results demonstrate that the increase in the inflow and outflow of foreign direct investments leads to an increase in the size of the shadow economy without a time lag in Ukraine, Poland, Slovenia, Romania, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and with a time lag of 1 year in Slovakia and Hungary. The largest impact on the size of the shadow economy is made by the volume of inflow and outflow of direct foreign investments, while the volume of portfolio investments has a less significant effect. Consequently, it was concluded that the processes of inflow and outflow of direct foreign investments require enhanced control by specialized state executive bodies given the scale of their potential destabilizing impact on the macroeconomic stability of the country.
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Coy, Anthony E., Jody L. Davis, Jeffrey D. Green, and Paul E. Etcheverry. "A dyadic model of investments: Partner effects on commitment." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 11-12 (January 24, 2019): 3471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518822783.
Abstract:
A dyadic approach to studying relationship dynamics yields considerably more insights than examining each partner separately. Yet relatively little research has examined dyadic models of commitment, despite commitment being essential to relationship persistence. Accordingly, we tested a dyadic version of the investment model of commitment. In two cross-sectional studies of couples and one experiment, we tested the role of partner investments and perceived partner investments as novel antecedents of commitment. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that greater partner investments were related to greater levels of individuals’ commitment, while controlling for individuals’ own satisfaction with, investments in, and alternatives to the relationship. Study 3 revealed that partner-reported investments predicted commitment independent of perceived partner investments. The findings advance the investment model beyond the individual level, emphasizing the need to examine dyadic elements of relationships.
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Ganievich, Yakubov Valijan. "Investments And The Task Of Their Statistical Study." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 07 (July 30, 2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue07-02.
Abstract:
The organization of any activity requires an initial investment of funds for the purchase of buildings, raw materials, labour, and so on. This is done through investment. This article discusses investments, the task of their statistical study, investment activity, investment structure, capital investments, financial and non-financial assets and their efficiency.
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Shpinev, Yury. "On the Issue of the Legal Nature of Investments." Legal Concept, no. 2 (July 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2020.2.14.
Abstract:
Introduction: despite the need to create a favorable investment climate, the legal regulation of investment in this country has a number of significant drawbacks. The quality of the legislative regulation of investment relations depends on an objective and deep understanding of the legal nature of investments. In this connection, the author aims to study various approaches to determining the legal nature of investments. Methods: the methodological framework for the research was formed by the methods of formal logic, as well as the specific scientific methods: technical-legal and historical-genetic. Results: the author’s position is based on the current legislation and opinions of the legal scholars on the legal nature of investments. Based on the analysis of the existing laws, the problem of defining investments in these acts and legal science is pointed out. Various approaches to the concept of the “legal nature” category are considered, as well as the opinions on the legal nature of investments and investment contracts. The author’s definition of the category “legal nature” is proposed. Conclusions: as a result, it is concluded that in order to establish a single legal and scientific definition of investments, it is necessary to establish their legal nature, which, in turn, requires studying and describing the primary properties of investments at the time of the origin of this category in the framework of the economic science.