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1
ŞİT, Mustafa. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Real Estate: Turkey Case." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 53 (March 28, 2019): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.789.795.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the key factors affecting foreign direct real estate investment (FDIRE) in Turkey’s economy. A DOLS-FMOLS estimator model was developed to investigate the determinants of FDIRE in Turkey. Data was used between 2003Q1-2018Q2. This study differs from the previous ones in that this particular topic is being researched as regards the economy of Turkey for the first time. The results showed that the most important variables affecting foreign direct real estate investment in Turkey was openness and exchange rate. Furthermore, economic growth also has a positive impact. On the other hand, interest has been found to be the most negative factor affecting investments. Moreover, the increase in building construction costs directly reduce foreign real estate investment. The results show that the gradually increasing openness of Turkey’s economy contributes to the increase in foreign investments in the real estate market.
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Onder, Gokhan, and Zeynep Karal. "DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS OUTFLOW FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF TURKEY." Business, Management and Education 11, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2013.14.
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Foreign direct investments (FDI) outflows of Turkey have remarkably been raising over the last decade. This rapid increase brings about the need for questioning the determinants of FDI outflows. The aim of this paper is to estimate the factors affecting outflow FDI from Turkey from 2002 to 2011 by using Prais-Winsten regression analysis. According to estimation results, population, infrastructure, percapita gross domestic product of the host country, and home country exports to the host country are the factors having positive effects on outflow FDI. We found, on the other hand, that the annual inflation rate of the host country, its tax rate collected from commercial profit, and its distance from Turkey have a negative relation with investment outflows. Moreover our results show that while investment outflows to developed countries are in the form of horizontal investments, investment outflows to developing countries are in the form of vertical investments.
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Kahiloğulları, Ahmet. "Relationship Between Credit Default Swaps, Direct Foreign Investments and Portfolio Investments: Time Series Analysis for Turkey." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v2i3.58.
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Foreign investors who come to the country receive credit default swaps which are an insurance against the possibility of failing to fulfill the obligations of the host country. The purpose of using this financial instrument is to provide protection against possible default situations. The higher the value of the credit default swap premium, it means that the risk of default is relatively high whereas the lower risk means that the default risk is relatively low. The purpose of this study is to analyze with ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model) Method Turkey's credit default swap premium for January 2005-September 2017 period and the long run and short run relationship between foreign direct investment and portfolio investments in Turkey. According to the results of the study, there is no long run and short run relationship between credit default swaps and foreign direct investments in Turkey; The presence of a long run and short run relationship with portfolio investments has been identified.
Key words: Credit Default Swap, Foreign Direct Investments, Portfolio Investments, Time Series Analysis, ARDL Method
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Spahija, Fidane. "The Investment and Net Interest Margin: Case Study Commercial Banks in Kosovo." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p117-126.
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In Kosovo, but in all developing countries, the foreign investment is the locomotive of the country that considered as the most important economic sectors. In general it can be concluded that most of the investment originates from developed countries and that these investments return to these places. Origin of investments in Kosovo mainly comes from countries such as Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Great Britain, Switzerland, Turkey, the Netherlands, Albania, Serbia, USA, France, Macedonia, Croatia, Cyprus, Norway, Italy, Greece etc. The banking sector in Kosovo has been very attractive to the foreign investors. A total of nine commercial banks, seven are foreign owned. Foreign investments are primarily generated as investments in shares of foreign shareholders from different countries of the world. Investments in securities have increased by the banking sector in 2014. With the change of the interest rate it has also changed net interest margin of the banking sector. Interest on loans and deposits has continued to decline. Especially interest rates on deposits in 2014 have fallen to 1. 1%. This linked to the investment bank in securities of our government as the initiator in this area but cannot be denied to the investment of foreign governments. With the decrease of credit interest rate will be the development of sustainable economic growth and boost investment.
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Bayar, Yilmaz. "Impact of foreign direct investment inflows on environmental pollution in Turkey." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.409.
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The globalization accelerated especially as of 1980s and the countries began to integrate global economy and remove the constraints on the flows of goods, services and capital. In this context, the developed countries partly shifted their environmentally hazardous production activities to the developing countries especially by means of foreign direct investments. This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on the environmental pollution in Turkey during the period 1974-2010 by using Toda and Yamamoto (1995) causality test. We found that there was a bidirectional causality between foreign direct investment inflows and  emissions.Keywords: Foreign direct investment inflows,  emissions, causality analysis
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Alagöz, Mehmet, Nihal Yokuş, and Turgut Yokuş. "Photovoltaic solar power plant investment optimization model for economic external balance: Model of Turkey." Energy & Environment 30, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18802762.
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Through using a linear optimization model that interprets solar energy and current deficit parameters, investment plans were performed for countries which have current deficit problem of energy source. The specifics of the study are due to the linear optimization model, which reveals the current deficit and solar energy together for the investment strategy. While the model is constituted, without affecting the existed current account, some parameters based on such as profit transfers for foreign investments, payments of interest for domestic investments, import rates for photovoltaic solar panels, solar energy electricity production values, electricity demand projection for the future and import resource rates for electricity production. In the framework of these constraints of the model, the effects of solar systems on domestic investment and foreign direct investments on current account balance are analyzed for the period of 2017–2030 in Turkey. In the application of the model in Turkey to reduce the current deficit, this is concluded that the solar energy is a significant opportunity. In addition, the linear optimization model is considered as a reference for countries facing energy-related current deficit problems.
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Dumludag, Devrim. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN TURKEY: THE ROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT." Journal of Business Economics and Management 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1611-1699.2009.10.15-30.
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This paper tries to empirically verify the argument that institutional factors such as enforcement mechanisms, political and economic stability, stable and reliable, transparent legal and regulatory framework and corruption are critical in explaining the behaviour of the foreign direct investment inflows in Turkey. The main objective of the study is to ascertain the nature of the obstacles and impediments to the greater flow of foreign direct investments into Turkish economy for the recent period by focusing on the results of a questionnaire applied to the executives of 52 multinational corporations operating in Turkey in 2006.
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Durmaz, Nazif. "Foreign direct investments, democracy, and economic growth in Turkey." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0015.
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Purpose In the last decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in the world, especially in the emerging economies. Some of these countries make changes in their market conditions that will improve the civil rights and liberties to attract better FDI flows. The purpose of this paper is to test the linkage between democracy and FDI flows to Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The present study employs a bounds testing procedure developed (Pesaran et al., 2001) for cointegration analysis on six different long-run models with selected determinants of FDIs with yearly data from 1977 to 2011. Findings The intuition the paper empirically provides how improvements in democracy have a significant positive impact on FDI flows to Turkey. The results may also put forward that, in the long run, FDI inflows will have spillover effects in Turkey’s economy. Research limitations/implications Although one drawback in the study is having a small sample size of 35 observations, estimating six different long-run models is one way to overcome it. Thus presented results may be in short of simplification for some readers. This, however, opens an opportunity for future studies to further the proposal by employing in different models and/or longer data sets if possible. Practical implications A stable government policies, more civil freedom, and sustained institution politics should not be ignored in Turkey given its geopolitical location. Originality/value This paper satisfies the established need to study of democracy and FDI flows link is necessary in an emerging market such as Turkey.
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SIKLAR, Emel, and Ilyas SIKLAR. "Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Macroeconomic Dynamics? An S-VAR Approach for Turkey." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 83 (September 18, 2022): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.83.85.103.
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This study analyzes the effects of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the macroeconomic dynamics of the Turkish economy through the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model. The results obtained, by the economic theory, reveal the positive effects of FDI on economic growth and domestic investment volume. The results also confirm the assumption of economic theory that domestic and foreign investments are complementary. It is understood that the FDI put some pressure on prices to increase, but it is balanced by the decisions of the monetary authority. While FDI does not play a critical role in reducing unemployment, it significantly contributes to the increase in imports, especially in capital goods.
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Aydin, Nurhan, and Gulsah Kulali. "How do foreign direct investors group by their investments in Turkey and Germany?" International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 288–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-05-2014-0076.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to classify the source countries of inward foreign direct investments (FDIs) to Turkey and to Germany as individual samples of developing and developed economies, to produce practical information to target company managers and owners that they can use for having much more investments or getting more bargaining power with the existing or potential investors. Design/methodology/approach – Cluster analysis methodology with Ward’s (1963) technique is used to create significant groups out of FDI source countries. Findings – The results show that foreign direct investors – labeled by their country of origin – investing in Turkey are grouped into two main clusters. First main cluster of Turkey has three sub-clusters. Investors investing in Germany are also grouped into two main clusters. First main cluster of Germany has two sub-clusters. Of all seven clustering criteria, four of them were prominent in grouping, which are: having a high equity ownership in the investment, investing in companies with high market capitalization, investing in companies with high/low financial risk and high/low financial performance, and investing in young companies. Furthermore, investors from same origin behave differently in Turkey and Germany. They adjust their attitude toward risk when the host country changes. Lastly, source countries in the sample that have a minimum distance in between, are the ones sharing similar cultural values. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of the study are the small number of observation with complete and standard company data needed, especially in Turkey, and the compelled shortness of time period for the empirical analysis. Some suggestions were offered for future researches to contribute to the topic by using bigger samples; by making variations in country, time, or industry; by relating country factors to social/entrepreneurial factors; and by supporting the research with qualitative techniques. Originality/value – This paper constitutes a contribution to the empirical field research in Turkey, an emerging country with very limited firm-level financial and ownership data, compared to Germany, a developed country with relatively more data availability.
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Yilmaz, Nadir Kemal, Fang Lee Cooke, and Rosita Dellios. "Turkey's FDI Policy and Chinese Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey." Global Business Review 9, no. 1 (June 2008): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097215090700900102.
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Mete, Mustafa. "The Effects of Terrorist Activities on Development in the Southeastern Region of Turkey-Theoretical and Empirical Application." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p229.
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<p>Terrorist activities affect and continue to cause social, political, cultural and economic problems for Turkey just as they do to many parts of the world. Investors would prefer to move their capital into safer regions due to the problem of terrorism and this affects the distribution of development. This study, aims at demonstrating the extent at which terrorism has affected development in the South-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. This study will look at the investment volumes in 9 provinces located in southeast Turkey. We will also look at terrorist activities in these provinces as well as discussing the relationship between investment preferences and terrorism. Firstly, we will look at terrorist incidents in these provinces, the number of provinces affected by terrorist activities, number of people dying from terrorist related activities, state and industrial investments as well as determining the number of industrial workers in these provinces. For this purpose, as a case study, we will investigate investments in Gaziantep which is a city located in the Southern eastern Anatolia region and the sixth largest city in Turkey with a lot of private investments. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to ninety-three (93) big companies who are doing foreign trade with at least one country. The questionnaire administered was easy and used a detailed cross-question analysis. According to the study, it was discovered that there is an inverse relationship between the private investment demand and the frequency of terrorist incidences and then this relationship was discussed in detail.</p>
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Saracoglu, Burak Omer. "An Experimental Research Study on the Solution of a Private Small Hydropower Plant Investments Selection Problem by ELECTRE III/IV, Shannon’s Entropy, and Saaty’s Subjective Criteria Weighting." Advances in Decision Sciences 2015 (February 3, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/548460.
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Almost all of the today’s modern daily life conditions of humankind depend on the electricity. The countries either by only themselves or sometimes with some international intuitions and/or organizations have been trying to find the best methods, ways, and projects to supply the electricity to their societies. One of the important tools for the countries to increase the amount and quality of the electricity generation is to activate/ignite/initiate the private investment capabilities/opportunities. The electricity generation market in Turkey is a free/open market for both the foreign and domestic private investors. Hence, both the foreign and domestic private investors have been looking for the most suitable electricity generation plant projects. Small hydropower plant (SHPP) investments (SHPPIs) are one of the alternatives in the Turkish electricity generation market especially for the private investors searching for the renewable energy investments. This experimental research study investigates the possibility of using the ELECTRE III/IV, Shannon’s Entropy, and Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) subjective weighting (for criteria) methods for the solution of this problem. In the experimental case study, the most appropriate SHPPIs amongst five alternative SHPPIs at the SHPPIs’ predevelopment investment stages in Turkey were evaluated and ranked in order.
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Kılıçarslan, Zerrin, and Yasemin Dumrul. "Foreign Direct Investments and CO2 Emissions Relationship: The Case of Turkey." Business and Economics Research Journal 8, no. 4 (November 10, 2017): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20409/berj.2017.73.
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Yalçınkaya, Ömer, and Halil İbrahim Aydın. "The Effects of Inward and Outward Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth: Evidence from the G-7 and Selected Emerging Market Economies (1994-2015)." Research in Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v9i1.10986.
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In this study, the long termed effects of foreign direct (capital) investments inflows and outflows on the economic growth of the economies of developed G-7 countries where the capital mobility is intense and selected emerging market economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and Turkey (EME-7)) are empirically analyzed for the period of 1994-2015 within the scope of the new generation panel data methodology. From this aspect, it is also aimed to economically analyze whether the foreign direct investments inflows and outflows in countries of G-7 and EME-7 have an effect on the economic growth as is seen in the theoretical framework by being considered the capital exporter/importer positions of these countries. Determined in consequence of the study that foreign direct investments inflows/outflows in the countries of G-7 have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in the long term. Also determined that the foreign direct investments inflows have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in countries of EME-7; while the foreign direct investments outflows have not the same effect on the economic growth. These results which are consonant with the theoretical and empirical literature show that just both foreign direct investments inflows and outflows have a significant role in economic growth on G-7 countries; just foreign direct investments inflows have an important role in economic growth on EME-7 countries at the same time.
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Saçık, Sinem Yapar, Nihal Yokuş, Mehmet Alagöz, and Turgut Yokuş. "Optimum Renewable Energy Investment Planning in Terms of Current Deficit: Turkey Model." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061509.
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In this study, a methodology was suggested for wind and solar energy investment plans through linear optimization model for the countries with an energy-based current deficit problem. The originality of the study is that it is a renewable energy investment model based on the functioning of the balance of payments for current deficit reduction, which has not previously been encountered in the literature. While creating the model, without causing external economic imbalance, certain parameters were taken into consideration such as profit transfers for the foreign direct investments, interest payments for the domestic investments, import rates for the wind and solar energy systems, energy electric power production values, electric power load balance, electricity transmission infrastructure, CO2 emission, future electric power demand projection, and import source rates in the electric power production. It was proven that the model, for the 2019–2030 period in Turkey, not only is an opportunity for decreasing the current deficit but also ensures reaching the CO2 emission reduction target. Additionally, through the investments in wind and solar energy, it was calculated that fossil-based electric power production will decrease by 80%, and a CO2 reduction will be provided, which is equivalent of 100 million tonnes GWh natural gas. As a more general result, an optimization model was created which provides a solution for countries coping with energy-based current deficit in economic terms, energy-based air pollution in environmental terms, and renewable energy technology insufficiency.
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Kızılkaya, Oktay, Gülbaha Üçler, and Ahmet Ahmet. "The Interaction between Exchange Rate and Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence from Turkey." Journal of Business and Economics 6, no. 2 (February 20, 2015): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/02.06.2015/011.
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Akkoyunlu, Sule. "Can trade, aid, foreign direct investments and remittances curb migration from Turkey?" MIGRATION LETTERS 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v7i2.188.
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In this study we examine the macro-determinants of Turkish migration to Germany over the period 1969–2004 by means of cointegration analysis. We find that trade and factor flows indeed influence migration and play a role in managing Turkish migration in the short as well as in the long run. However, the income differential between Turkey and Germany is the most important factor in determining migration flows and the effects of trade and factor flows on migration in the short as well as in the long run are mixed. Therefore, we argue that migration could be better managed when the dynamic gains from trade and factor flows are considered.
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Okşak, Yüksel, and Cüneyt Koyuncu. "Long-run asymmetric association between FDI and productivity in Turkey." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 39, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 253–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2021.2.253.
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Incoming foreign direct investments (FDI) may enhance the productivity level of the host country by bringing new advanced technologies. On the other hand, the nexus of FDI and productivity, rather than being linear, might be nonlinear because the effect of increases and decreases in FDI on productivity may not be symmetric. In this sense, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between FDI and productivity in Turkey by using two different productivity indicators (i.e., PROD1 and PROD2) and employing a Nonlinear ARDL approach. Our hypothesis claims there is an asymmetric association between FDI and productivity in the long run in Turkey. Nonlinear cointegration test findings indicate that selected variables are cointegrated. Hence, they move together in the long run. Our study uses aggregated data at the macro level to analyze the long-term asymmetric relationship between foreign direct investment and labor productivity in Turkey using the NARDL estimation technique. Concerning the estimation results, a long-run nonlinear relationship between incoming FDI and labor productivity was detected, and this finding remained valid across two models constructed by using two distinct labor productivity indicators. As a whole, our results are consistent with the ones found in the literature. Besides, for the first time in the literature, this study addresses the long-run asymmetric nexus between FDI and labor productivity by using macro-level data specific to Turkey and makes various policy recommendations.
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TANRIVERDİ, Hayri, and Serdar ÖZTÜRK. "ARDL Analysis for The Effects of R&D Expenditures on Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey Between 2001-2016." Fiscaoeconomia 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1141915.
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Growth rates are one of the leading performance indicators of countries in global competition. Generally, growth leads to an increase in employment rates. Technological investments have a larger share in growth in developed countries. In developing countries the share of infrastructure investments in growth is higher. Infrastructure investments, while stimulating the economy during the investment period, make a very limited contribution to the economy in the period after the investment is over. Industrial investments, on the other hand, contribute to continuous economic growth as they will sell products to the domestic and foreign markets, especially after the investment period. While growth rates follow a more stable course in economically developed countries, they follow a more volatile course in developing countries. If we examine this situation, the economic, social, political, democratic, legal, etc. of the developed countries. They have sufficient progress in these areas and appear as a safe haven in the global capital markets. With this study, the effects of R&D expenditures, number of researchers, scientific publications and obtained patents on national income between 2001 and 2016 in Turkey were investigated. As a method, ARDL and Granger Causality analysis were used by producing different econometric models. According to the results of the causality analysis, it has been determined that there is a one-way causality from economic growth to patent. When the ARDL analysis was examined, it was revealed that there was a positive and 2.5% relationship between R&D and economic growth. In long-term analyzes, however, significant results could not be obtained between R&D and growth.
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Salem, Mohamed, and Andrew Baum. "Determinants of foreign direct real estate investment in selected MENA countries." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-06-2015-0042.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the main determinants of foreign direct real estate investments (foreign direct investment (FDI)) in selected Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical work of this study is an econometric analysis of FDI in the commercial real estate sector for eight MENA markets, namely Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Tunisia and the UAE during the period 2003-2009. The econometric analysis is carried out using the pooled Tobit model technique for panel data. Findings – The paper finds that both country-specific factors and real estate sector-specific variables consistently support hypotheses explaining commercial real estate-related FDI, and find evidence that political stability explains why some selected MENA countries attract more real estate investments than other MENA countries. Practical implications – The findings should be seriously considered in any policy making effort on the part of governments in the region. Originality/value – The authors contribute to the existing literature in many ways. First, the study aims to develop econometric models, using both conventional and unique variables, to be generalised and applied to any developed or emerging market. The study applies relevant techniques in estimating the models, including the pooled Tobit model. Second, the research studies eight selected MENA real estate markets from 2003 to 2009, a timeframe and geography not examined in previous published empirical work on commercial real estate investments. Lastly, and for the first time in real estate literature, the study applies the location dimension of Dunning’s OLI paradigm as a theoretical explanation for the behaviour of foreign investors in commercial real estate towards the selected MENA markets.
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Hussain, Asif, Xue Yang, Lu Yali, and MS Nazir. "Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by Asian and European Union (EU) Countries: The Investment Effects of Pharmaceutical Sector." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n4p16.
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The importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in current era is clearly seen in the investment made by carious companies abroad and also receiving international investment by local companies. The countries are involved in outwards and inwards FDI to receive maximum profit and long-term benefits from various FDI projects. In this regard, outwards foreign direct investment (OFDI) is also getting increased importance along with inwards FDI. The current study thereby intends to investigate the OFDI trends of companies from European Union and Asian countries whereby focusing on pharmaceutical sector particularly. Moreover, it is noteworthy that there is a rapid growth in pharmaceutical industries around the world due to advanced technology and infinite amassed need for treatment and cure options. Therefore, current study targets three European Union countries and three Asian countries, including both developed and developing nations, and investigates the OFDI patterns of pharmaceutical sector of countries. The results reveal that EU states are effective in both attracting FDI and making investments abroad and in domestic markkets; however, Netherland among three states has the highest performance in FDI inflows and outflows patterns. The analysis of Asian countries indicated that they are less effective in terms of their FDI flows compared to EU states. This is because of their developing stage and less economic growth stages. However, among three countries, Turkey presents the highest performance in attracting FDI from international markets, while Israel has highest performance in making investments abroad among three countries.
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Hacıevliyagil, Nuri, Krzysztof Drachal, and Ibrahim Halil Eksi. "Predicting House Prices Using DMA Method: Evidence from Turkey." Economies 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10030064.
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The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the housing market in Turkey’s economy and to examine the impact of variables related to housing prices. Preferred by many international housing investors, Turkey hosts profitable real estate investments as one of the developing countries with a shining housing market. This study applies the dynamic model averaging (DMA) methodology to predict monthly house price growth. With the increasing use of information technologies, Google online searches are incorporated into the study. For this purpose, twelve independent variables, with the Residential Property Price Index as the dependent variable, were used in the period January 2010–December 2019. According to the analysis results, it was observed that some variables, such as bond yields, the level of mortgages, foreign direct investments, unemployment, industrial production, exchange rates, and Google Trends index, are determinants of the Residential Property Price Index.
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Atis, Selcuk, Nevzat Onat, and Irfan Guney. "Assessment of the turkey’s electric power policies in terms of sustainability." Thermal Science 18, no. 3 (2014): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1403695a.
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This study, using statistical data published by the Turkish Electricity Transmission Company, analyzes key parameters such as installed capacity and energy demand growth rates, investment plans and emission rates, taking into consideration the expected increase in use through the year 2023. The results of the analyses were compared to relevant data from around the world. The weight of domestic - and especially renewable - resources in investment plans for the next 10 years was discussed. Recommendations for an investment plan to support sustainable development in Turkey are listed. Consequently, the lack of investment in domestic and renewable energy projects decreases the competitive power of Turkey vis-?-vis Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development countries in terms of many parameters. For a sustainable development, the country must make significant changes in its foreign-dependent energy production policies. Any future policies must encourage supplying local resources to meet the continuously increasing demand. Qualifications for incentive mechanisms applied to investments in renewable energy should be developed. The impact of the private sector on the installation of new plants must also be increased by quickly completing the privatization process.
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Pala, Aynur, and Bilgin Orhan Orgun. "The Effect of Macro Economic Variables on Foreign Portfolio Investments: An Implication for Turkey." Pressacademia 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.201519962.
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Kilic, Fatih, and Dilek Teker. "Determinants of foreign direct investments: comparative analysis for Brazil, China, South Korea and Turkey." Pressacademia 13, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2021.1436.
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Zeren, Feyyaz, Nazlıgül Gülcan, Samet Gürsoy, İbrahim Halil Ekşi, Mosab I. Tabash, and Magdalena Radulescu. "The Relationship between Geothermal Energy Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth in Geothermal Consumer Countries: Evidence from Panel Fourier Causality Test." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031258.
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This paper investigates the relationship between geothermal energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investments in countries where geothermal energy production is possible. Panel Fourier Granger causality and panel Fourier Toda–Yamamoto causality tests (2020–2021) were applied, which can take into account smooth transitional structural breaks with trigonometric functions using quarterly data for the period 2016 Q1–2020 Q3. Data were obtained from the International Energy Agency (IEA), Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), and the OECD official website. According to the results obtained based on panels, there is one-way causality from economic growth to geothermal energy and one-way causality from geothermal energy consumption to foreign direct investments. The results obtained based on individual countries indicate that one-way causality from foreign direct investment to geothermal energy consumption was found for Mexico and Portugal, and one-way causality from geothermal energy consumption to economic growth was found for Italy and Mexico. On the other hand, causality from economic growth to geothermal energy consumption was observed for Germany, Japan, and USA. No significant results were found for Turkey and New Zealand, and it is understood that the macroeconomic structures of these countries are not affected by geothermal energy. The difference in the results reveals that the application recommendations on this subject should also be different.
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Duran, Mahmut Sami, and Mustafa Acar. "Determinants of energy consumption in BRICS-T countries." Ekonomski pregled 73, no. 5 (2022): 796–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.73.5.6.
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With the emergence of globalization borders are fading out and economies are getting ever more interdependent with increasing trade volumes. As global population goes up, consumption demand reinforces increases in output. In this regard, energy can be regarded as one of the most critical inputs in the process of development and growth. Accordingly, the process of growth and industrialization has been gradually increasing the dependence of world economies on energy. Energy consumption has been steadily growing with each passing year, hence increasing the dependence on energy even further. This study examines the factors that determine energy consumption. For this purpose, the factors that determine energy consumption in BRICS-T countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey) are analyzed for the period of 1992-2018. Foreign direct investments, energy prices and economic growth are taken to be the potential factors determining energy consumption. Error Correction Method (ECM) proposed by Westerland and LM Boostrap cointegration tests suggested by Westerland and Edgerton is used to test the existence of long term relationship between the series. Long term cointegration coefficients have been estimated using Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) estimator and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator. The findings obtained from the analysis confirm that, firstly, all three variables (foreign direct investments, prices of energy, and economic growth) are critical and have a long-term relationship with energy consumption. Secondly, the series of foreign direct investments is significant in all countries subject to our panel data analysis. Economic growth series is only significant for Turkey and China. Energy prices series are found to be significant in Russia, S. Africa, and China.
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FURTUNA, Ozlem KUTLU. "Stock Allocation in Turkish Capital Markets: Industry and Firm Level Perspectives." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p100-106.
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Investors’ trading patterns has been an intensively researched topic in emerging markets depending on their significant role and power in the capital markets. This paper provides what global and domestic factors have driven the stock allocation of investors in Turkey and how has the crisis changed investors’ attitude toward stock allocation between the years 2006 and 2016. Year-end stock allocation data are obtained from the Central Securities Depository Institution of Turkey. Stock allocation has been investigated mainly in terms of the domestic and foreign stock investments. A detailed classification of investors as individual and institutional investors in terms of investment funds, corporate and investment trusts with firm and industry levels has also been evaluated. The variations on stock allocation has been examined in BIST Industrials, Financials and Services Industries. Additionally, this paper gives an insight about the firm and industry level stock allocation in Turkish Capital Markets considering the responsible stockholders. Corporate governance practices are considered to be strengthened with the growing role of institutional investors in the financial system, which provide insights about the investor profile of BIST Corporate Governance Index in the related period.
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Yildiz, Yilmaz, and Yazar Adı Yazar Soyadı. "FIRM LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS IN TURKEY: A DYNAMIC PANEL REGRESSION ANALYSIS APPROACH." Pressacademia 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2016219775.
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Bekun, Festus Victor, Festus Fatai Adedoyin, Daniel Balsalobre Lorente, and Oana M. Driha. "Designing policy framework for sustainable development in Next-5 largest economies amidst energy consumption and key macroeconomic indicators." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 11 (October 15, 2021): 16653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16820-z.
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Abstract Global travel and tourism have enjoyed a significant boost due to the progress in air transport. However, the debate on air transport and the influx of foreign investments and global energy demand on economic development remains questionable. Therefore, this study is an attempt to contribute to the body of knowledge in the energy-tourism-led growth hypothesis literature. For this purpose, a novel approach to the effects of international tourism on economic growth is introduced for the Next-5 largest economies, namely (China, India, Indonesia, Turkey and the USA) between 1990 and 2018. Empirical results reveal a positive connection between foreign direct investment and income levels, electricity production and income levels, as well as between urbanization and economic growth. Moreover, the validation of the environmental Kuznets curve and the halo effect of foreign direct investment on the environmental degradation process provides a shred of more substantial evidence and fitting environmental instruments for policymakers. The empirical results encourage sustainable economic growth in these countries, mainly through the attraction of clean and high-technology foreign investment, the increase of the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix and the regulation in the tourism industry. The novel contribution of this study to the empirical literature is the unification in the same research of the TLGH and the EKC for the Next-5 largest economies, establishing recommendations for tourism, energy efficiency and environmental correction process.
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PLIUSHCHYK, I. A., and R. P. OHORODNYK. "PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ATTRACTION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE BLACK SEA REGION." Economic innovations 21, no. 3(72) (September 20, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.3(72).107-116.
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Topicality. The importance of using new opportunities for economic development, sustainability and connectivity in the region and beyond is enhanced in terms of the growing strategic importance of the Black Sea region for the EU. Investments are the basis of socio-economic development of the region. Investments related to the deepest foundations of economic activity, they determine the process of economic growth in general. In modern conditions, they are the most important tool of ensuring the conditions for the overcoming the economic crisis, for structural changes in the countries, for the growth of technological progress, for the improvement of quality indicators of economic activity at micro and macro levels. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of economic development and the associated features of attracting foreign investment in the Black Sea region. Research results. The basic social and economic indicators of the Black Sea region - GDP (GDP), the index of human development, the population, the share of comparison is used to determine the structure and dynamics of incoming and outgoing flows volumes of direct foreign investments regional GDP in the world, are determined, the strategic importance is emphasized on the geopolitical map of the world of the Black Sea region, according the current political and economic challenges in Asian-European relations, dynamics and structure of incoming and outgoing investments of the countries of the region over the last nine years are defined. On this basis was concluded about the significant drop in investment activity in the region since 2014. A list of the main reasons for the decline in investment activity in the region is formed and relationship with the general indicators of economic development of the region is defined. The connection of problems of economic development and attraction of foreign investments to the countries of the Black Sea region is substantiated, which, unlike the existing approach, covers the participants of the whole region, and not a separate country. Approaches to the joint solution of investment problems of the countries of the Black Sea region are developed, which, unlike the existing ones, provide a synergistic effect and greater attractiveness for investors. Research results can be used by enterprises in attracting investment in cross-border projects, also can be used by intergovernmental groups to formulate strategies for joint provision of investment attractiveness of regional programs, can be used by participants in joint enterprises of the Black Sea region. Conclusion. The countries of the Black Sea region are heterogeneous in their economic indicators, thet are belonging to various economic and geopolitical associations. There are explicit leaders among the countries - Russia and Turkey, which have different geopolitical interests in the region and are not able to become a unifying factor in the region. For several years, the Black Sea region is not in the sight of international investors, and all Black Sea countries must work together to become investment attractive again. China's investment interests are identified in a region that does not hold back political commitments to any of the countries in the region. Business opportunities are the most powerful determinants of FDI.. But the particularities of the investment climate, such as strong institutions and regulatory instruments, are also important for developing countries and countries with economies in transition which looking for attraction of additional FDI. With a poor regional investment climate, foreign investors and their host economies may not be able to take full advantage of business opportunities created by market size and growth potential.
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AKDEMİR, Bülent, and Recep ULUCAK. "The Effect of Foreign Savings on Domestic Savings: Theory and Application." Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 21, no. 4 (October 19, 2022): 2004–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.1153052.
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The increase in the degree of openness of the economies has also increased resource transfers among countries. As seen in the example of the Feldstein-Horioka Hypothesis, this process allows countries to overcome the problem of insufficient existing resources with external resources. In this study, it is examined how foreign direct investments, portfolio investments and other investments (or short and long run external debt flows), which are called foreign savings, have an effect on domestic savings rates. The argument that these resources can reduce domestic savings is known as the Haavelmo Hypothesis. The sample countries of the research are Argentina, Brazil, Chile, India, Indonesia, Russia, Republic of South Africa, Turkey, which are called as Fragile Eight. After the variables were checked for stationarity, the Westerlund Durbin Hausman panel cointegration test was used to determine whether there was a cointegration relationship between them. After confirming the cointegration relationship, Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) and Continuously updated Fully Modified Least Squares (CUP-FMOLS) estimators were used for long-term parameter estimations. The results show that foreign savings have a negative effect on domestic savings. On the other hand, real income per capita and real interest rates are included in the model as control variables as determinants of the traditional saving function. It has been determined that the real interest rate and real income per capita have a positive effect on domestic savings, but the real interest rate has a relatively low coefficient in terms of effect.
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Ulutaş, Kübra. "Country Brand-Strength Index for G7 Countries and Turkey." Multidisciplinary Business Review 14, no. 2 (September 17, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35692/07183992.14.2.8.
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Even though, in the past, competition depended on the factors of production possessed, today it depends on the production of value-added goods, their export, and finally, branding of the country today. Since the late 1990s, the brand value of countries has been an important concept that has been studied. Current academic literature is deprived of weighting sub dimensions of country brand strength index and compare index values by years. Having an import-ant role in academic literature, Fetscherin (2010) identified five dimensions of the country brand strength index as export, tourism, foreign direct investment, migration and governance, but not giving any weighting to sub dimensions. In order to contribute to current country brand index literature, sub-dimensions of the index are weighted with the help of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, comparing 2010 and 2015. Therefore, the innovation of this paper is its weighting method and the comparison of index values by years. The Country Brand Strength Index (CBSI) is calculated for G7 countries and Turkey using the survey based AHP method, consisting of 5 different indi-cators: exports, foreign direct investments, tourism, immigration, and governance. According to the results, it is deter-mined that “exports” has the most important weight among those indicators with Canada leading the group with the best index value in 2010 and 2015. The aim of this study, which was conducted with limited resources, is to shed light on studies to be carried out in the future in order to establish a strong country brand and increase country competi-tiveness in the international markets. In this respect, repetition of this research as regards to geographical and regional variations and performing qualitative and quantitative studies, incorporating different dimensions in the index such as culture, science and technology, will strengthen the academic literature in this field.
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Temel Nalın, Halime. "Determinants of household saving and portfolio choice behaviour in Turkey." Acta Oeconomica 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.63.2013.3.3.
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This study investigates the determinants of Turkish households’ saving and portfolio choice behaviour for the period of 2002–2006. The dataset includes 59,855 households, of whom only 10,829 report to have saved and invested. Hence, we first estimate a logit model to identify the characteristics of the households that have saved. Next, we estimate a multinomial logit model where the investment alternatives for the households are real estate, gold, foreign exchange, bank accounts, capital market investments, and investing into own business. The factors affecting the portfolio choices are the variables representing various aspects of households’ demographic, socioeconomic and residential location characteristics. The inflation level nearly doubled during the study period in Turkey. Hence, we also analyse the effects of inflation on households’ saving and portfolio choice decisions. The results of our logit model support the view that the inflation can increase the household savings on condition that the other macroeconomic factors are constant. Furthermore, inflation is also found to increase the probability of investing in capital market instruments. Households’ incomes, education levels, occupation, place of residence (rural/urban), car ownership and household size are found to be significant variables in explaining the variation in households’ saving and portfolio choice behaviour.
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Basılgan, Müslüm, and Ayşe Seha Akman. "AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE: TURKEY CASE." International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies 11, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34109/ijefs.201911206.
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Tandoğan, Dilek, and Çiğdem Karış. "The Relationship between the Internet and Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey: The Toda-Yamamoto Causality Approach." Universal Journal of Management 8, no. 4 (July 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2020.080406.
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Gaćeša, Radmila. "European Union Convention on Common transit procedure." Bankarstvo 51, no. 2 (2022): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2202173g.
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On February 1st 2016, the Republic of Serbia acquired the status of a full member of the European Union Convention on Common Transit Procedure, and joined the existing members: EU countries, EFTA countries, as well as individual members Turkey and the Republic of North Macedonia. In this way, Serbia put its particularly important geopolitical position in Europe, and its openness to support and acceptance of foreign direct investments, into the function of further dynamic improvement in the sphere of economy and overall economic development.
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Петросян, С. А., and М. Г. Манучарян. "Система страхования от рисков инвестиционной деятельности в Армении – важная составляющая инвестиционного климата." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 1 (March 28, 2013): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2013.01.35.
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Обосновывается важность страхования инвестиционных рисков для привлечения иностранных инвестиций в Армении. Для уменьшения степени политического риска иностранных инвесторов важно и их правильное информационное обеспечение. Как показывает практика, независимо от реального состояния инвестиционной обстановки данной страны, иностранные инвесторы склонны рассматривать как страну с наибольшей степенью риска ту, о которой они имеют минимум информации. Для будущего Армении этот факт крайне важен. А поскольку Республика Армения представляет собой страну «молодую» (начиная с момента получения независимости в начале 90-х гг.), с ограниченным пространством, малой численностью населения, располагающуюся в нестабильном peгионе со сложеными политическими отношениями с двумя странами-соседями (Азербайджаном и Турцией), то Армения не всегда надлежащим образом предстает перед иностранным инвестором в плане политическом, экономическом, социально-культурном.
Importance of insurance of investment risks for attracting foreign investments in Armenia is grounded in this article. The proper information support is important to foreign investors to reduce the degree of political risk. As practice shows, regardless of the real state of investment situation of this country, foreign investors are inclined to examine as a country with the highest degree of risk that country about which they have a minimum information. For the future of Armenia, this fact is extremely important. And as Republic Armenia is a «young» country (since the moment of declaration of independence at the beginning of the 90s), with the limited space, small quantity of population, disposed in an unstable region with complicated political relationships with two neighbouring countries (Azerbaijan and Turkey), Armenia does not always properly appear before a foreign investor as politically, economically and culturally developed country.
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Sahiti, Arben, Ard Ahmeti, and Arbana Sahiti. "FDI Trends and Characteristics in Kosovo." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0002.
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AbstractIn recent years, Kosovo has had a strong volatility in attracting foreign investment into the domestic market, which has been accompanied not only by the decline in FDI flows but also by the quality of investments. Kosovo has not been able to catch the trend of FDI absorption just as it takes place in an important part of developing economies; it is also failing to follow the success of neighbouring countries. The success of further development of Kosovo’s economy cannot be imagined without the strong presence of foreign-owned businesses as a guarantee that this goal will become objectively achievable. The aim of the study is to examine recent trends and characteristics of FDI flows and patterns in Kosovo. This study adopts a qualitative research method using secondary data taken mainly from Kosovo’s Central Bank and Business Registration Agency. The present study concludes that FDI in Kosovo is mainly oriented to the Real Estate, Rental and Business sectors. Moreover, the main FDI contributors are businesses from the EU countries and Turkey. A majority of FDI inflows in Kosovo have been predominantly dominated by five countries.
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Sasmaz, Mahmut Unsal, and Emine Gumus. "The impact of development in banking sector and foreign direct investments on economic growth: Sample of Turkey." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 5, no. 12 (December 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.12.005.
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KOŞAR, Neslihan. "THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL TAX COMPETITION ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND THE EVALUATION IN TERMS OF TURKEY." Journal of Management and Economics Research 18 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/jmer18.
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Kabaklarli, Esra, Fatih Mangir, and Bansi Sawhney. "Impact of Infrastructure on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach Using PMG Estimator." International Review of Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (2018): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.2.
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Growth theory asserts that infrastructure investments promote economic growth by improving the quality of life and increasing private sector productivity . Transport services, water utility services and telecommunication services provide better facilities to attract FDI (foreign direct investment) and increase productivity across sectors. The aim of this article is to analyze whether transport infrastructure investments have a strong effect on the economic growth. It also attempts to analyze the differential impact of each type of infrastructural spending on economic growth. Our data set covers annual data from 1993 to 2015 period for 15 OECD countries (Austria, Turkey, Czech Republic, Spain, Finland, Japan, Germany, Ireland, Italy, France, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, U.K) and China. In this study, we employ a Pool Mean Group (PMG) estimator to find long run and short run relations between the variables. Output elasticity of air transport is found to be positive and significant at five percent level and there exists a long run relationship between GDP per capita and other explanatory variables such as transport infrastructure indicators, gross capital formation and labor force. The crowding- out hypothesis is also supported by coefficients on county specific results. Our data set includes infrastructure variables such as Railways, (million passenger-km), Air transport, (freight, million ton-km), Individuals using the Internet (% of population).
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UĞUR, Mehmet Sedat. "The relationship between foreign direct investment, economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions: Evidence from ARDL model with a structural break for Turkey." Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review) 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21121/eab.1100759.
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This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investments, energy consumption and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Turkey for the period of 1974-2015 by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with a structural break. FMOLS and DOLS estimations are employed to check robustness of the model. The findings reveal a long-run relationship between the variables, and show that FDI contributes positively to CO2 emissions, validating pollution haven hypothesis. Economic growth has significantly positive relationship with CO2 emissions whereas impact of its square on CO2 emissions is also significant, but negative which confirms Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Energy consumption is also positively associated with CO2 emissions, meaning that higher levels of energy consumption lead to a higher environmental degradation. The dummy variable including the structural break is also statistically significant and positive. It is concluded that because of FDI inflows engender an increment in carbon emissions, Turkey should adopt cleaner technologies to avoid environmental pollution.
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COMUK, Pınar, Serkan ERCOSKUN, and Gokce KAFKAS. "The Effect of Corporate Tax on Foreign Direct Investments: A Panel Study for Turkey and European Union Countries." Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. Fascicle I. Economics and Applied Informatics 28, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/eai15840409249.
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Haynes, Jeffrey. "Religious and Economic Soft Power in Ghana-Turkey Relations." Religions 13, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13111030.
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Turkey’s government seeks to apply both “religious soft power” and “economic soft power” to increase its influence in Ghana. Turkey’s religious soft power relationship with Ghana is exemplified by Turkey’s paying for construction of a new national mosque in the African country, at a cost of USD 10 million. Turkey’s economic soft power relationship with Ghana is exemplified by both considerable recent investments and in fast-growing bilateral trade. The overall aim of the government of Turkey is to increase the country’s influence in Ghana, part of a wider initiative to expand its regional influence in Africa. Ghana is important to Turkey as it is regarded as a strategically important African country, one of the region’s few democracies and an economic success. The paper assesses Turkey’s various forms of influence in Ghana and considers what Turkey hopes to achieve in foreign policy terms. The paper is in four sections. The first examines religious soft power and Turkey–Ghana relations, noting that recently they have become closer and more cordial, involving both religious and non-religious aspects. The second section examines Muslims’ traditionally marginal political position in Ghana and explains that over time Muslims have become more politically assertive, open to external religious influences, including from Turkey, a country well known to use religious soft power to try to expand its foreign policy influence. The third section assesses recent Ghana-Turkey relations, including the expansion of Turkey’s economic soft power, with three examples: the national mosque, encouraging Islamic education, and mutual desire to quell the activities of what the government of Turkey refers to as the “Fethullah Terrorist Organisation”. The section also considers the role of Turkey’s economic soft power in increasing the country’s presence in Ghana. The concluding section argues that the government of Turkey uses several techniques to increase its influence in Ghana, including both religious soft power and economic soft power. The government of Ghana broadly welcomes Turkey’s influence from both religious and economic perspectives: from a religious point of view, Turkey’s Sunni orthodoxy is seen as very unlikely to stimulate radicalization among Ghana’s Muslims, while Turkey’s economic presence is welcomed as an important means to help further build Ghana’s economy.
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ÖNER, Dr Muhammed Hadin. "The Determinants of Sukuk Markets: Evidence from Participation banks in Türkiye." Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 21, no. 4 (October 19, 2022): 2223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.1110830.
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Sukuk is the fastest growing interest-free financial instrument in the Islamic finance market in recent years. The development of sukuk, an asset-backed securitization, and the analysis of barriers to it have been the subject of many international academic studies recently. The purpose of this article is to determine the effects on the sukuk issued by participation banks in Turkey. In this context, the parameters on the sukuk issued by participation banks in the 2015Q1-2021Q4 periods were analyzed by panel data method. Data on the variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rate, interest rate, unemployment, inflation, profit share rates, foreign direct investments, stock market, public expenditures, exports, participation bank size and banking sector size used in the analysis. TKBB), Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) and Electronic Data Distribution System (EVDS) of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the relevant parameters affected the development of the sukuk markets positively and negatively. The study is one of the most comprehensive studies in which the parameters affecting the sukuk markets in Turkey are discussed and it is aimed to add to the literature.
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Qiu, Dejun, Hasan Dinçer, Serhat Yüksel, and Gözde Gülseven Ubay. "Multi-Faceted Analysis of Systematic Risk-Based Wind Energy Investment Decisions in E7 Economies Using Modified Hybrid Modeling with IT2 Fuzzy Sets." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061423.
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This study aimed to analyze the systematic risks of wind energy investments. Within this framework, E7 countries are included in the scope of the examination. A large literature review was carried out and 12 different systematic risk factors that could exist in wind energy investments were identified. The analysis process of the study consisted of two different stages. First, the specified risk criteria were weighted with the help of the interval type 2 (IT2) fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Second, E7 countries were ranked according to the risk management effectiveness in wind energy investments. In this process, the IT2 fuzzy Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) approach was taken into consideration. The findings show that volatility in exchange rates and interest rates were the most important risks in wind energy investments. In addition, it was determined that China and Indonesia were the most successful countries in managing risks in wind energy investments. In contrast, India, Russia, and Turkey were determined to be the least successful. Additionally, the IT2 fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was applied as a robustness check of the extended VIKOR method. It was concluded that the ranking results of the IT2 fuzzy TOPSIS method were similar to the results of the IT2 fuzzy VIKOR. It can be understood that the proposed ranking method was consistent with the comparative analysis results. From this point of view, it was observed that countries should take measures regarding their exchange rate and interest rate risks in order to increase the efficiency in wind energy investments. In this context, companies should first ensure that they do not have a foreign exchange short position in their balance sheets by conducting an effective financial analysis. In addition, it is important to use financial derivatives to minimize the exchange rate and interest rate risks. Using these results, it will be possible to manage this risk by taking the reverse position for the existing foreign currency and interest risk. In this way, it will be possible to increase the efficiency of wind energy investments, which will contribute to the social and economic development of each respective country.
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Jresat, Sami, Faraj Zubaidi, Mohammad Al-Bsheish, and Shahad Hafez. "The Current State of Investment Facilities and Their Impact on Attracting Foreign Investments: A Comparative Study between Turkey and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan." Open Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 01 (2023): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2023.111006.
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CUBUKÇU, Fatmanur. "EXAMINING OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR AND SUBSECTORS HAVE EXPORT-LED OR IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING MOTIVE IN TURKEY." International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 8, no. 69 (January 1, 2021): 1034–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.2412.
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