Relevant bibliographies by topics / Investments, Foreign – Turkey

Academic literature on the topic 'Investments, Foreign – Turkey'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Investments, Foreign – Turkey"

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ŞİT, Mustafa. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Real Estate: Turkey Case." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 53 (March 28, 2019): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.789.795.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the key factors affecting foreign direct real estate investment (FDIRE) in Turkey’s economy. A DOLS-FMOLS estimator model was developed to investigate the determinants of FDIRE in Turkey. Data was used between 2003Q1-2018Q2. This study differs from the previous ones in that this particular topic is being researched as regards the economy of Turkey for the first time. The results showed that the most important variables affecting foreign direct real estate investment in Turkey was openness and exchange rate. Furthermore, economic growth also has a positive impact. On the other hand, interest has been found to be the most negative factor affecting investments. Moreover, the increase in building construction costs directly reduce foreign real estate investment. The results show that the gradually increasing openness of Turkey’s economy contributes to the increase in foreign investments in the real estate market.
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Onder, Gokhan, and Zeynep Karal. "DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS OUTFLOW FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF TURKEY." Business, Management and Education 11, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2013.14.

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Foreign direct investments (FDI) outflows of Turkey have remarkably been raising over the last decade. This rapid increase brings about the need for questioning the determinants of FDI outflows. The aim of this paper is to estimate the factors affecting outflow FDI from Turkey from 2002 to 2011 by using Prais-Winsten regression analysis. According to estimation results, population, infrastructure, percapita gross domestic product of the host country, and home country exports to the host country are the factors having positive effects on outflow FDI. We found, on the other hand, that the annual inflation rate of the host country, its tax rate collected from commercial profit, and its distance from Turkey have a negative relation with investment outflows. Moreover our results show that while investment outflows to developed countries are in the form of horizontal investments, investment outflows to developing countries are in the form of vertical investments.
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Kahiloğulları, Ahmet. "Relationship Between Credit Default Swaps, Direct Foreign Investments and Portfolio Investments: Time Series Analysis for Turkey." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v2i3.58.

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Foreign investors who come to the country receive credit default swaps which are an insurance against the possibility of failing to fulfill the obligations of the host country. The purpose of using this financial instrument is to provide protection against possible default situations. The higher the value of the credit default swap premium, it means that the risk of default is relatively high whereas the lower risk means that the default risk is relatively low. The purpose of this study is to analyze with ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model) Method Turkey's credit default swap premium for January 2005-September 2017 period and the long run and short run relationship between foreign direct investment and portfolio investments in Turkey. According to the results of the study, there is no long run and short run relationship between credit default swaps and foreign direct investments in Turkey; The presence of a long run and short run relationship with portfolio investments has been identified. Key words: Credit Default Swap, Foreign Direct Investments, Portfolio Investments, Time Series Analysis, ARDL Method
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Spahija, Fidane. "The Investment and Net Interest Margin: Case Study Commercial Banks in Kosovo." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p117-126.

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In Kosovo, but in all developing countries, the foreign investment is the locomotive of the country that considered as the most important economic sectors. In general it can be concluded that most of the investment originates from developed countries and that these investments return to these places. Origin of investments in Kosovo mainly comes from countries such as Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Great Britain, Switzerland, Turkey, the Netherlands, Albania, Serbia, USA, France, Macedonia, Croatia, Cyprus, Norway, Italy, Greece etc. The banking sector in Kosovo has been very attractive to the foreign investors. A total of nine commercial banks, seven are foreign owned. Foreign investments are primarily generated as investments in shares of foreign shareholders from different countries of the world. Investments in securities have increased by the banking sector in 2014. With the change of the interest rate it has also changed net interest margin of the banking sector. Interest on loans and deposits has continued to decline. Especially interest rates on deposits in 2014 have fallen to 1. 1%. This linked to the investment bank in securities of our government as the initiator in this area but cannot be denied to the investment of foreign governments. With the decrease of credit interest rate will be the development of sustainable economic growth and boost investment.
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Bayar, Yilmaz. "Impact of foreign direct investment inflows on environmental pollution in Turkey." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.409.

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The globalization accelerated especially as of 1980s and the countries began to integrate global economy and remove the constraints on the flows of goods, services and capital. In this context, the developed countries partly shifted their environmentally hazardous production activities to the developing countries especially by means of foreign direct investments. This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on the environmental pollution in Turkey during the period 1974-2010 by using Toda and Yamamoto (1995) causality test. We found that there was a bidirectional causality between foreign direct investment inflows and  emissions.Keywords: Foreign direct investment inflows,  emissions, causality analysis
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Alagöz, Mehmet, Nihal Yokuş, and Turgut Yokuş. "Photovoltaic solar power plant investment optimization model for economic external balance: Model of Turkey." Energy & Environment 30, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18802762.

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Through using a linear optimization model that interprets solar energy and current deficit parameters, investment plans were performed for countries which have current deficit problem of energy source. The specifics of the study are due to the linear optimization model, which reveals the current deficit and solar energy together for the investment strategy. While the model is constituted, without affecting the existed current account, some parameters based on such as profit transfers for foreign investments, payments of interest for domestic investments, import rates for photovoltaic solar panels, solar energy electricity production values, electricity demand projection for the future and import resource rates for electricity production. In the framework of these constraints of the model, the effects of solar systems on domestic investment and foreign direct investments on current account balance are analyzed for the period of 2017–2030 in Turkey. In the application of the model in Turkey to reduce the current deficit, this is concluded that the solar energy is a significant opportunity. In addition, the linear optimization model is considered as a reference for countries facing energy-related current deficit problems.
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Dumludag, Devrim. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN TURKEY: THE ROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT." Journal of Business Economics and Management 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1611-1699.2009.10.15-30.

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This paper tries to empirically verify the argument that institutional factors such as enforcement mechanisms, political and economic stability, stable and reliable, transparent legal and regulatory framework and corruption are critical in explaining the behaviour of the foreign direct investment inflows in Turkey. The main objective of the study is to ascertain the nature of the obstacles and impediments to the greater flow of foreign direct investments into Turkish economy for the recent period by focusing on the results of a questionnaire applied to the executives of 52 multinational corporations operating in Turkey in 2006.
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Durmaz, Nazif. "Foreign direct investments, democracy, and economic growth in Turkey." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0015.

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Purpose In the last decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in the world, especially in the emerging economies. Some of these countries make changes in their market conditions that will improve the civil rights and liberties to attract better FDI flows. The purpose of this paper is to test the linkage between democracy and FDI flows to Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The present study employs a bounds testing procedure developed (Pesaran et al., 2001) for cointegration analysis on six different long-run models with selected determinants of FDIs with yearly data from 1977 to 2011. Findings The intuition the paper empirically provides how improvements in democracy have a significant positive impact on FDI flows to Turkey. The results may also put forward that, in the long run, FDI inflows will have spillover effects in Turkey’s economy. Research limitations/implications Although one drawback in the study is having a small sample size of 35 observations, estimating six different long-run models is one way to overcome it. Thus presented results may be in short of simplification for some readers. This, however, opens an opportunity for future studies to further the proposal by employing in different models and/or longer data sets if possible. Practical implications A stable government policies, more civil freedom, and sustained institution politics should not be ignored in Turkey given its geopolitical location. Originality/value This paper satisfies the established need to study of democracy and FDI flows link is necessary in an emerging market such as Turkey.
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SIKLAR, Emel, and Ilyas SIKLAR. "Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Macroeconomic Dynamics? An S-VAR Approach for Turkey." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 83 (September 18, 2022): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.83.85.103.

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This study analyzes the effects of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the macroeconomic dynamics of the Turkish economy through the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model. The results obtained, by the economic theory, reveal the positive effects of FDI on economic growth and domestic investment volume. The results also confirm the assumption of economic theory that domestic and foreign investments are complementary. It is understood that the FDI put some pressure on prices to increase, but it is balanced by the decisions of the monetary authority. While FDI does not play a critical role in reducing unemployment, it significantly contributes to the increase in imports, especially in capital goods.
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Aydin, Nurhan, and Gulsah Kulali. "How do foreign direct investors group by their investments in Turkey and Germany?" International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 288–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-05-2014-0076.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to classify the source countries of inward foreign direct investments (FDIs) to Turkey and to Germany as individual samples of developing and developed economies, to produce practical information to target company managers and owners that they can use for having much more investments or getting more bargaining power with the existing or potential investors. Design/methodology/approach – Cluster analysis methodology with Ward’s (1963) technique is used to create significant groups out of FDI source countries. Findings – The results show that foreign direct investors – labeled by their country of origin – investing in Turkey are grouped into two main clusters. First main cluster of Turkey has three sub-clusters. Investors investing in Germany are also grouped into two main clusters. First main cluster of Germany has two sub-clusters. Of all seven clustering criteria, four of them were prominent in grouping, which are: having a high equity ownership in the investment, investing in companies with high market capitalization, investing in companies with high/low financial risk and high/low financial performance, and investing in young companies. Furthermore, investors from same origin behave differently in Turkey and Germany. They adjust their attitude toward risk when the host country changes. Lastly, source countries in the sample that have a minimum distance in between, are the ones sharing similar cultural values. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of the study are the small number of observation with complete and standard company data needed, especially in Turkey, and the compelled shortness of time period for the empirical analysis. Some suggestions were offered for future researches to contribute to the topic by using bigger samples; by making variations in country, time, or industry; by relating country factors to social/entrepreneurial factors; and by supporting the research with qualitative techniques. Originality/value – This paper constitutes a contribution to the empirical field research in Turkey, an emerging country with very limited firm-level financial and ownership data, compared to Germany, a developed country with relatively more data availability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Investments, Foreign – Turkey"

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Gunayer, Elif. "The Determinants Of Portfolio Investments To Turkey: From 1989 To 2008." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611284/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the factors that determine the portfolio investments to Turkey in the period from 1989:04 to 2008:12. The factors that are examined are budget balance, current account balance, nominal exchange rate between the Turkish Lira and the US dollar, Turkish domestic interest rate, US 3-months Treasury Bill rate, annual inflation rate in Turkey and ISE 100 Index. A Vector Autoregressive Model is used for the purpose of examining the impacts of these variables on the level of portfolio investments to Turkey. The results of the model show that the portfolio investment in Turkey was affected positively by domestic interest rates and negatively by ISE 100 Index in the period before 2001. On the other hand, it is affected positively by exchange rate and US interest rate in the post-crisis period. It is also found that current account deficit affect portfolio investments negatively.
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Ozgen, Tolga. "Market efficiency and hedging foreign exchange risk : evidence from Turkey." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210802.

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Kirikkaleli, Dervis. "Foreign direct investment in the banking sector : empirical evidence from Turkey." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19308.

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Multinational bank activities have gradually risen in developing countries since the beginning of the globalisation process. Rising foreign bank activities in developing countries have motivated researchers to investigate foreign banks, comprehensively. Turkey is a typical example of a developing country that achieved a tremendous growth rate in foreign bank asset, especially throughout the last decade. The aim of this thesis is to examine two-way linkage; (1) between foreign bank penetration (FBP) and banking variables; (2) between FBP and country risk and (3) between FBP, foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Turkey. Therefore, this thesis is constructed by three empirical sections. Moreover the pattern of FDI inflow and outflow in the world and in Turkey has been analysed, chronologically. In addition, the theory of FDI is taken into account and existing FDI theories has been criticised. In the first empirical work – Chapter 3 - the short run and long run relationship, if it exits, between FBP and determinants of bank performance (namely, domestic bank assets, domestic credit and banking profitability) in Turkey was investigated after controlling DGDP and 2001 financial crisis (DUM2001). The outcome of the Granger causality test indicates that there was unilateral causality which runs from DDB to DFBP . Moreover, I also found feedback causality between DFBP and DCREDIT . By employing impulse response functions, I found that there is positive relationship between DFBP and DCREDIT as I expected. Moreover, the response of DFBP to one standard deviation shock in domestic bank assets is initially statistically significant and positive. The reverse effect is statistically significant and positive. In the final model, the response of DFBP to one standard deviation shock in profitability (PRO) is significant and positive at 3rd quarter. The reverse effect is surprisingly positive but not statistically significant. Specifically, what has not been also investigated deeply in the empirical literature is the two-way linkage between foreign bank penetration and risk such as political, financial and economic. Thus, in chapter 4, linkage between FBP and country risk (namely, political risk, economic risk and financial risk) was examined in Turkey using quarterly data from 1994Q1 to 2009Q4. My finding indicated that I found one error correction term significant and positive in bivariate vector error correction in model 1 and 2, implying that in the long run, foreign bank penetration has contributed to economic and political risk. Moreover, short run causality based on VAR approach between DFBP and financial risk is investigated but I failed to find any significant causality in the VAR model after controlling DGDP and 2001 financial crisis, even at the 10% level. By analysing impulse response functions, I could not detect any significant relationship between DFBP and host country risk variables in the short run. This is because adding control variables (DGDP and DUM2001) make the relationship between host country risk variables and DFBP statistically insignificant. Finally, I investigated two-way linkage between FBP, FPI and FDI in Turkey after controlling DGDP and 2001 financial crisis. The finding from the VAR based block exogeneity wald test indicated that changes in DFBP significantly lead to changes in DFDI and there is also unilateral causality which runs from FPI to DFBP. Moreover, using the variance decomposition technique I found that DFDI and FPI have little explanatory power for the evolution of DFBP in Turkey. The contribution of DFBP to the variability of DFDI is more than that of FPI. The contribution of DFDI to FPI variability ranges between 0.000% and 9.122% throughout 12 quarter periods whilst the contribution of DFBP to FPI variability ranges between 0.000% and 7.611%.
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Kavlak, Mehmet Emin. "Economic Impacts Of Free Zones In Turkey: A Questionnaire Study Conducted With Firms Operating In Turkish Free Zones Regarding The Perception Of The Firms On The Success Of Free Zones." Thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614974/index.pdf.

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In Turkey, the trade regime has been liberalized to some extent after Resolutions of 24 January 1980, and Turkey started to implement export-led trade strategies. As a part of these policy instruments, the Free Zones Law was published in the Official Gazette in 1985. Following various amendments in the Law, objectives of free zones have been defined as &ldquo
promoting export-oriented investment and production, accelerating the entry of foreign investment and technology, directing enterprises to export and improving international trade&rdquo
. Within this context, the purpose of this study is to explore the economic impacts of free zones and analyze the free zone firms&rsquo
perceptions on the success of free zones by assessing to what extent the establishment objectives of the free zones in Turkey have been realized.
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Eren, Fesih. "An analysis of foreign direct investment in Turkish manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20364.

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This dissertation focuses on the determinants of foreign direct investment in Turkey's manufacturing industry. The empirical analysis of determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries is much less studied than those of developed countries. Overall, the most revealed features of foreign direct investment technological superiority together with product differentiation were found not to be a paramount factor in Turkish industry. The Turkish industrial policies and resultant market structure turned out to have created the principle conditions for foreign direct investment to thrive. A highly concentrated market, with considerably high sectoral protection rates and relatively fast market growth were found as the most significant factors in determining the level of investment. The ability of foreign firms to take advantage of Turkish market conditions was found to play a major role. The most important of all their ability to prevail in sectors where high minimum capital was required, where managerial and high technical and production skills were of prime importance.
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Aksahin, Sibel. "La diplomatie commerciale de la Turquie : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB139.

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La Turquie, comme de nombreux pays, a pris conscience de l'importance de mettre en œuvre une diplomatie commerciale active. Cette thèse se donne pour objectif d'analyser les aspects juridiques de la diplomatie commerciale turque. Une réflexion est menée sur le concept même de la diplomatie commerciale dont il n'existe pas de définition faisant l'unanimité. Dans le cadre de l'étude des fondements de la diplomatie commerciale de la Turquie, l'histoire de cette diplomatie est analysée dans un premier temps, suivie de l'étude de sa législation, sans délaisser l'analyse des institutions et des acteurs turcs qui interviennent dans son élaboration. La thèse comporte également une réflexion sur l'intégration de la Turquie dans l'économie mondiale. Cette réflexion s'articule essentiellement autour de l'étude des aspects multilatéraux et plurilatéraux, mais également régionaux et bilatéraux de la diplomatie commerciale turque. Les différents axes de la diplomatie commerciale de la Turquie ont été sensiblement renforcés depuis l'arrivée au pouvoir du gouvernement AKP en 2002, grâce notamment à la politique étrangère active mise en œuvre sous l'impulsion du stratège de la diplomatie, l'ancien Ministre des Affaires Étrangères et l'actuel Premier Ministre, Ahmet Davutoglu. Ces évolutions ont permis à la Turquie de gagner en visibilité sur la scène internationale aussi bien sur le plan politique que commerciale. En effet, ce grand pays de 77 millions d'habitants, situé à la périphérie du continent européen, qui s'est fait discret durant une longue période, a commencé, et ce depuis plus d'une décennie, à faire parler d'elle. Les résultats économiques que la Turquie a obtenus en 2007 et 2008 ont été qualifiés de «miracle», notamment en comparaison avec la majorité des pays européens ayant été frappés par le ralentissement consécutif à la crise mondiale. Les années qui ont suivi ont cependant montré que cet élan a tendance à s'essouffler
Turkey, like many countries, has recognized the importance of implementing an active commercial diplomacy. This thesis has the objective to analyze the legal aspects of the Turkish commercial diplomacy. A study is conducted on the very concept of commercial diplomacy which there is no definition-consensus. As part of the study of the fundamentals of commercial diplomacy of Turkey, the history of that diplomacy is analyzed at first, followed by the study of its legislation, without neglecting the analysis of institutions and Turkish actors involved in its development. This thesis also includes a reflection on the integration of Turkey into the global economy. This reflection is essentially based around the study of multilateral and plurilateral aspects but also regional and bilateral aspects of the Turkish commercial diplomacy. The various axes of Turkey's commercial diplomacy was significantly strengthened since the AKP government came to power in 2002, especially thanks to the active foreign policy implementation under the leadership of the strategist of diplomacy, Ahmet Davutoglu, who is the former Foreign Affairs Minister and the current Prime Minister. These developments have enabled Turkey to gain visibility on the international scene both politically and commercially. Indeed, this great country of 77 million inhabitants, situated on the outskirts of the European continent, which has been discreet for a long time, started, since for more than a decade, to be talked about. The economic results that Turkey has achieved in 2007 and 2008 have been described as "miracle", especially in comparison with the majority of European countries which were hit by the subsequent slowdown in the global crisis. The ensuing years have shown, however, that this momentum tends to falter
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Bilgiç, Emrah. "Causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Turkey." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-137.

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Although there is a considerable evidence on the link between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in developing countries, the causal relationship of these two variables still remains an important question. This study attempts to examine the possible causal relationship between FDI and economic growth in Turkey, during the period 1992 (Quarter 2) – 2006 (Quarter 3). We employed the Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality tests for detecting the long run or short run causality. Our results showed that there is no long run relationship between the variables, which led us to search the causality in the short run. However we couldn’t find any evidence for a causality running from FDI to economic growth or economic growth to FDI in Turkey.

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Esiyok, Bulent. "The determinants of foreign direct investment in Turkey : an empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6565/.

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This study examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the effect of FDI on trade in a panel of bilateral outward FDI stocks of 19 OECD countries in Turkey between 1982 and 2007. Employing a knowledge-capital model, this study finds that joint national incomes, per capita difference, investment liberalisation and the cost of exporting to Turkey have significant effects on FDI in Turkey. In addition, the prospect of European Union membership, government stability, infrastructure, bilateral exchange rate, exchange rate volatility and openness to trade play an important role in determining the amount of FDI in Turkey. Moreover, this study finds that high relative unit labour costs and corruption provide stimuli to FDI. Using an augmented gravity model to investigate the relationship between FDI and imports, this study finds that outward FDI stocks are positively related to the exports. Overall, the empirical results indicate that FDI in Turkey is mainly motivated by market access and sensitive to the quality of institutions.
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Sungur, Asligül, and Camilla Hellström. "Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey : Determinant Factors and Advantages for Swedish Firms." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-421.

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Turkey’s strategic geographical location, the country’s unique Customs Union with the EU and its growing market potential are all factors that create market opportunities for foreign investors. However, despite the presence of necessary economic prerequisites and a diminishing number of barriers to entry, FDI in Turkey has remained quite low. Further, this area has not been covered extensively in the past and has therefore been of interest to study.

The purpose of this study has been to identify the determinant factors behind Swedish firms’ investment decisions in Turkey and thus find the advantages that Turkey provides for Swedish firms. The motives and advantages form a proposal for how to best promote Turkey as an interesting market for Swedish firms interested in FDI.

A list of Swedish subsidiaries in Turkey was provided by the Swedish Trade Council in Istanbul and came to represent the selected population. The firms were contacted, using both e-mail and telephone, and were requested to respond to an e-mail survey. The final response rate was 22%. The firms’ responses were then analysed together with secondary data such as general facts about Turkey as well as a business climate report about Turkey made by the Swedish Trade Council in November 2005.

Regarding the firms’ ownership-specific advantages, the results showed that firm size is irrelevant to the investment decision, while research and development expenditure as well as a long international experience is a condition.

Concerning Turkey’s location-specific advantages, market potential, the country’s geographic position, its labour costs and its educational level, are important determinant factors as well as the business climate and the economic climate in Turkey. Agglomeration benefits, in business areas where they exist, and the possibility to receive assistance from external actors when entering a foreign market are also important determinant factors. Furthermore, infrastructure is an important determinant factor, but not of a conclusive significance to the investment decision. In addition to the specified variables, the political situation in Turkey was cited as an important determinant factor. The cultural distance between Turkey and Sweden was the only location-specific factor that proved not to be a determinant factor at all.

Conclusively, the Turkish market offers several advantages to Swedish firms wanting to engage in foreign direct investments. First, Turkey has a strategic geographic position that offers proximity to many other markets. Second, the Turkish market potential is alluring and offers opportunities of long term growth. Third, there are possibilities to receive assistance from external actors which facilitates overcoming probable obstacles that might occur when entering the Turkish market. Fourth, the process of establishing a labour force is freed from complications since labour costs are lower in Turkey than in Sweden and the access to highly educated personnel is good. Last, ongoing development in Turkey’s business and economic climate decreases the investment risk involved when entering the Turkish market.

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Tatoglu, Ekrem. "An analysis of the dimensions of Western foreign direct investment in Turkey." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391530.

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Books on the topic "Investments, Foreign – Turkey"

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Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu (Turkey), ed. Investment environment in Turkey. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Foreign Economic Relations Board, 1988.

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Erden, Deniz. A survey of foreign direct investment firms in Turkey. Bebek, Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Press, 1996.

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Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu (Turkey). Opportunities for business and investment in Turkey and beyond. İstanbul: DEİK, 1994.

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Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. India-Turkey: Trade and economic relations prospects for the future : a knowledge report. New Delhi: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, 2014.

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Harrison, Glenn W. Economic implications for Turkey of a Customs Union with the European Union. Washington, DC: World Bank, International Economics Dept., International Trade Division, 1996.

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Turkey. Hazine ve Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı. and Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (Turkey). Foreign Investment Directorate., eds. Investing in Turkey: Legislation & application forms. Balgat, Ankara: Republic of Turkey, Undersecretariat of Treasury and Foreign Trade, 1993.

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Foreign investment in the Ottoman Empire: International trade and relations 1854-1914. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2011.

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Hemetsberger, Willi, and Simon Quijano-Evans. Turkey, profile of a converging economy. Wien: LexisNexis ARD Orac, 2007.

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The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913: Trade, investment, and production. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Turkey. Peeple die there, and they live to tell the story Turkey: Encouragement of foreign capital ... Ankara: İGEME, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Investments, Foreign – Turkey"

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Balasubramanyam, V. N. "Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey." In The Economy of Turkey since Liberalization, 112–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24464-5_6.

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Pacariz, Sabina. "Foreign direct investment (FDI) as indicator of regime type: contemporary Serbian–Turkish relations." In Turkey and the Balkans, 98–117. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003347552-7.

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Şahin, Hakan. "Political systems and laws on foreign investment in Azerbaijan and Turkey." In Host Government Agreements and the Law in the Energy Sector, 150–80. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Based on author’s thesis (doctoral - Anglia Ruskin University, England, 2013) issued under title: Host country contracts in the energy sector : Azerbaijan-Turkey case study.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429490484-5.

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Balasubramanyam, V. N., and Neil Corless. "Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey and the Transitional Economies of Eastern Europe." In Turkey and Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition, 51–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-97800-9_3.

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Khudari, Mohammad, Noraina Mazuin Sapuan, and Mohammed Ammeen Fadhil. "The Impact of Political Stability and Macroeconomic Variables on Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey." In Innovation of Businesses, and Digitalization during Covid-19 Pandemic, 485–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08090-6_31.

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Adalı, Zafer, and Tuba Bilgin. "The Importance of Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey’s Export: A New Strategy for Low and Medium Tech Firms." In Contributions to Management Science, 367–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72288-3_25.

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Kapusuzoglu, Ayhan, and Nildag Basak Ceylan. "The Impact of Russian Economy on the Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth of Turkey: Pre- and Post-Global Financial Crisis." In Contributions to Economics, 275–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47021-4_20.

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Dinç, Dilek Temiz, Aytaç Gökmen, and Zehra Burçin Kanık. "Energy Policy Issues in Turkey." In Foreign Direct Investments, 1152–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch049.

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Energy is the source of development of the mankind and an indispensable input for economic growth. Currently, most of the energy consumed in the world is composed of fossil fuels which are not environmentally friendly and reliable since their prices are volatile and their supply compels importing countries dependent on energy exporting countries. Thus, a good remedy to reduce fossil fuel dependency is to utilize more renewable energy resources. Renewable resources can be replenished quickly, are almost infinite and would lead a country to sustainable development. The Republic of Turkey is a net importer of energy. The diversification of energy sources and supply security is of great importance for it. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between renewable energy production and economic growth in Turkey by using Johansen Cointegration Test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Granger Causality Test and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF). Consequently, both long run and short run a casualty running from GDP growth to renewable energy production is determined in the study.
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Cergibozan, Raif, and Caner Demir. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Outflows from Turkey." In Foreign Direct Investments, 659–75. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch028.

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The aim of this study is to specify the determinants of the outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows from Turkey. For this purpose, the ARDL Bounds Test is used in order to observe the possible relation between these flows and define potential factors that might have an effect on them. The evidences of the empirical analysis reveal that the destination countries' market size, the home country's development level, trade openness and wage rate are positively related to outward FDI while the home country's interest rate shows a negative relationship. Turkey's outward FDI is significantly determined by the opportunities of the foreign markets as well as the outstanding home country factors.
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Karabacak, Mustafa, and Oytun Meçik. "Major Macroeconomic Dynamics for Labor Market in Turkey." In Foreign Direct Investments, 1758–71. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch078.

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The relationship among inflation, unemployment, and economic growth can be treated as a trade-off in general. When the economy is in recession, inflationary pressures are expected to decrease while unemployment is increasing. On the contrary, a decrease is expected while inflationary pressures are rising. Thus the relation between these twin macroeconomic variables and their relation to economic growth are a focal point for developing countries. The aim of this study is analyzing the relationship among unemployment, inflation, and economic growth in Turkey by alternative methods. Thus the causality among these variables is tested with modified Wald statistic developed by Toda-Yamamoto. Findings obtained from causality test will provide policy recommendations for Turkish economy on a macroeconomic level.
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Conference papers on the topic "Investments, Foreign – Turkey"

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Reyhan, Hakan, and Ahmet Mutlu. "The Future of Multinational Corporation Investments In Turkey: An Evaluation of Environmental and Natural Sources Investments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00474.

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It’s well known that receiving foreign investments is one of the main targets of Turkey’s economic policies since 1980’s. As a result of these policies, foreign-capitalized companies have considerable market shares in many sectors from automotive to mining, from food and beverage to petroleum, from agriculture to chemicals, from construction to pharmaceutical products. On the other hand, in last year’s there is a remarkable and growing public reaction to the foreign investments especially investments related to natural resources and environmental areas. Thus, in near future MNC’s which wanted to invest in Turkey would need to take more attention to public’s tendencies then government policies. In this study, main policies concerning MNC investments in Turkey will be evaluated and public’s approaches to foreign investments in environmental and natural resources will be discussed. In this study government perspectives of the foreign investments made by MNC’s and stimulation policies for foreign investments made by MNC’s will be evaluated in terms of sustainable development policies. Then, public’s reactions which raised especially after 2000’s to the foreign investments in environmental and natural resources and potential results of these reactions for future investments will be evaluated. Method of the study, based on literature review, and analysis of statistics and social event. In the study, the sensitivity against environmental and natural resource investments was found to be active in the past. Thus, MNC, for this type of investment, must more focus on changes in Turkey.
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Ersin, Özgür Ömer, and Mustafa Batuhan Tufaner. "An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02163.

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The globalization process has accelerated the liberalization of foreign trade and capital movements. This acceleration is caused in widening and intensifying relations between foreign direct investment and foreign trade. This paper examines the foreign direct investments’ contribution to the foreign trade. The empirical study is based on time series analysis for Turkey and used monthly data over the period 1992-2017. Econometric techniques for time series are applied to test unit roots, Johansen cointegration test, ARDL bound model and Granger causality test. The test results indicate that there is a correlative relation between foreign trade and foreign direct investment. As a result foreign trade affects foreign direct investments.
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Süt, Ali Talih, and Özge Yüksel. "The Effect of Foreign Direct Investments on Unemployment: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02691.

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Many studies in the literature focus the positive contribution of foreign direct investments, especially in the economic growth process of developing countries' economies. However, there is no consensus on the effects of foreign direct investments on unemployment yet. Accordingly, in this study, the short and long-term relationships between foreign direct investment and unemployment in Turkey between the years 1988-2020 were examined. The findings of the study confirmed the views in the literature that "the effect of foreign direct investments on unemployment is positive", in other words, "direct foreign investments increase unemployment". In addition, according to the Granger causality analysis results, a one-way causality relationship from unemployment to foreign direct investments was observed. Considering the policies followed by Turkey after the January 24 decisions, foreign direct investments are not an element that can be easily abandoned for the country, as it increases the domestic production volume, implements technological innovations, and sets an example for domestic formations in many aspects. Additionally, it is thought to be at a very important point in terms of ensuring integration with the outside world. In this context, the study points out that in addition to encouraging foreign direct investments within the scope of stable growth, domestic investors should be supported in terms of the consistency of employment policies.
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Algan, Neşe, Harun Bal, and Murat Bayraktar. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Poverty Reduction in Turkey: A Time Series Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02502.

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Foreign direct investment can be outlined as the net inflows of investment to take possession of permanent management. Foreign direct investments can support poverty alleviation especially for developing countries which needs capital. Global foreign direct investment sums $1.5 trillion in 2019 decreased to a calculated $859 billion in 2020 as the UNCTAD report indicates. Foreign direct investment flows are expected to remain weak with uncertainty due to Covid-19. For almost 25 years, extreme poverty, was steadily declining, on the contrary, expected to rise in 2020 between 88 million and 115 million added as the disruption of the Covid-19 on the global supply chain due to lockdowns. Time series analysis of foreign direct investments and poverty reduction relationship for Turkey between the 1996-2019 period confirms that foreign direct investment net infows reduce poverty: %1 increase of FDI inflow to Turkey increases % 0.011 of household final consumption which used as proxy for poverty. Turkish policymakers should develop an appropriate economic environment to appeal as much as foreign direct investment to Turkey.
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "Establishment of a Company and Share Acquisitions in Turkey by Foreigner Investors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02230.

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Relating to the establishment and acquisition of a company in Turkey by foreign investors, Foreign Direct Investments Law No.4875, FDI has entered into force on 17.06.2003. FDI formed a notification-based system rather than an approval-based system for foreigners to establish a new company and to take over company shares. Accordingly, company information regarding foreign investors will be notified to the General Directorate of Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital via “Electronic Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital Information System”. Foreign investment means establishment of a new company by a foreign investor or share acquisitions of an existing company, any percentage of shares acquired outside the stock exchange or 10 percentage or more of the shares/voting power of a company acquired through the stock exchange, by means of the following economic assets: assets acquired from abroad by the foreign investor which are capital in cash in the form of convertible currency bought and sold by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, stocks and bonds of foreign companies excluding government bonds, machinery and equipment, industrial and intellectual property rights; or assets acquired from Turkey by foreign investor which are reinvested earnings, revenues, financial claims, or any other investment-related rights of financial value, rights for the exploration and extraction of natural resources. According to Article 4 of the Regulation for Implementation of Foreign Direct Investment Law, the Ministry of Economy shall provide information on the companies within the scope of foreign direct investments from Trade Registry Offices and related public institutions and organizations.
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Erkan, Çisil, Erdinç Tutar, Filiz Tutar, and Mehmet Vahit Eren. "An Analysis of External Debts of Turkey (1980–2012)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00483.

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One of the most important goals of developing countries is to materialize sustainable economic growth and development. Foreign external debts play a key role in accelerating economic growth, investment and exports. Insufficient level of domestic capital accumulation generally forces developing countries to source finances by means of debts from foreign countries, banks and international organizations. External debt is also important resource for Turkey. In Turkish economy, external debt is taken generally in order to counter the saving deficit and foreign Exchange deficit and reach the high growth rate. External debts, which are initially taken as additional resources, can accelerate the investments, economic growth and development when they are used efficiently. But if the external debts aren’t used efficiently and the principal and interest payments of the external debts become higher than national income increase, it is required to get debts again to pay debts and thereby it causes to increase external debt burden and decrease the country welfare. In this study, development of external debts has been analyzed, starting from Ottoman Period until today. it is concluded that, external debts have created a negative impact on total investments between 1980 and 2010 in Turkey, and this negative impact on total investments has prevented economic growth. This conclusion suggests that the amount of foreign debt should be reduced so as to increase the level of economic growth in Turkey.
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Acaroğlu, Hakan, and Zeki Kartal. "Measuring the Effect of Globalization Level to Economic Growth for Turkey in the Duration of Integration to the Global Economy, 1961-2013." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01732.

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The economic problems due to foreign trade and foreign direct investments are recently solved in the frame of global economy. This study surveys the effects of globalization to the economic growth in Turkey in the period 1961-2013 by the channels of the trade openness (OPENNESS) and foreign direct investments (FDIs) by using annual time series data. The data are obtained from Penn World Tables and World Development Indicators (2014 for Turkey). It is found with setting up the econometric model that, the trade openness is positively affecting the investment level and economic growth in the long term. On the other hand, the results of the applied economy policies are affecting the trade openness and economic growth significantly and positively. Those findings tell that Turkey is a successful actor of globalization process. In addition to this, what the economic policies that Turkey needs to do for a sustainable economic growth are emphasized in the study.
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Ercilasun, Mustafa, Ayşen Akyüz, and Ayşe Saime Döner. "Foreign Direct Investment Strategy in International Marketing: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01255.

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In recent years the role of foreign direct investments (FDIs) in economic development became very important for emerging economies. Thus, the competition to attract FDIs intensified. Turkey, being an emerging economy, needs to apply correct strategies to attract FDIs. This paper will consider competitive environment for FDIs around the world and evaluates steps taken by Turkey since the year 2000. In doing so, changing rules and regulations will be evaluated. After the experience of 2001 economic crisis, in 2003, Turkey passed Foreign Direct Investment Law and taken other actions to stimulate FDI’s coming to the country. Changes in economic environment, political situation, legal framework and financial stability play roles in bringing inflow of FDIs. This paper will focus on the case of Turkey and will provide policy recommendations to increase the competitiveness in attracting FDIs.
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Uçkaç, Müdrike, Harun Bal, and Esma Erdoğan. "Why is Foreign Direct Investment Decreasing in the Turkish Economy?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02658.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a type of external finance that is desired by all countries in order to accelerate capital accumulation and increase production, employment, and technological capacity. In the development process of the Turkish economy, FDI remained limited until the 1980s, and after this date, policy changes were made, and significant increases were experienced within the framework of the regulations and developments. Especially in the 2002-2015 period, it was seen that FDI to Turkey was the scene of historical records. With the last quarter of the 2010s, these increases slowed down and entered a regression process. These developments highlight the issue of FDI and its determinants and necessitate analysis in the context of its different dimensions. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of some important indicators, which are thought to be the determinants of foreign direct investments in the Turkish economy, on FDI by using the data set for the period 2003:Q2-2019:Q4. Unit root test and Granger causality test were used to determine the said relationship. Based on the relevant literature, the factors expected to guide foreign direct investments are market volume, foreign trade openness rate, real exchange rate and fear index (VIX). Findings obtained in the study, foreign trade openness ratio and VIX are Granger causality of foreign direct investors. Accordingly, the past and present values of the foreign trade openness ratio and the VIX have a significant effect on foreign direct investors in Turkey, and a one-way causality relationship has been determined here. In the study, foreign direct investment has a one-way effect on the market volume, no causal relationship was found between the real exchange rate and foreign direct investment. In this context, it can be stated that Turkey needs measures to accelerate economic growth, as well as policies and practices that reduce country risks, in order to accelerate FDI.
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Azgün, Sabri, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Mine Gerni, and Selahattin Sarı. "Determination of the Level of Intra Industry Trade and Sectoral Competition Power between Turkey and Central Asian Turkic Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01521.

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In terms of Intra-industry trade, international investments, technology transfer and capital movements, has increased the interdependence of countries and increasingly have similar economic structures of countries. Intra-industry trade, is of goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. Intra-industry trade, is extremely important in terms of the determination of competitive aspects and of foreign exchange earnings of the country and industry. The aim of this study is to determine the level of intra-industry trade between Turkey and The Turkic Central Asian countries and productive product and sectors to be advantageous in Turkey's intra-industry trade. In this study, Using The Balassa and Grubel-Lloyd index of Intra-ındustry trade measurement methods will be analyzed the development of intra-industry trade between Turkey and The Turkic Central Asian countries for the period 1995-2013 and highly competitive industry and products will be determined on the basis of foreign trade data in STIC 9 digit.
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