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1
Ong'wamuhana, Kibuta. "The taxation of income from foreign investments : a case study of some developing countries." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LM/09lmo58.pdf.
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Andersson, Thomas. "Foreign direct investment in competing host countries : a study of taxation and nationalization." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1989. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/278.htm.
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Lappas-Grigoraki, Daphni. "Tax Non-Compliance In Developing Countries: Examining The Effect On Foreign Direct Investment, Infrastructure And Transfer Pricing." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/925.
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This paper will discuss the obstacles governments of developing countries face in regulating related party transactions in this rapidly globalizing world. The first section of this paper will focus on foreign direct investment, its benefits, and the tax incentives instituted by developing countries to attract the capital of multinational corporations. Next, this paper will examine the major obstacles to growth a developing country must combat: shadow economies and corruption. These two enemies of growth hurt a developing country’s ability to attract foreign direct investment, to develop its rule of law and tax administration, and to efficiently allocate its resources with the goal of developing a stable economy. Finally, I will explain the difficulties developing countries must overcome to regulate firm transfer pricing under the current global standard.
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Jantjies, Dumisani Joseph. "Can a multilateral agreement on investment reduce double tax treaty abuse in developing countries?" University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5680.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilOver the years, the world economy has experienced growth in foreign direct investments (FDI), with the role of developing countries becoming more evident as both recipients and investors alike. The proliferation of international investment has also led to more bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with their complex and often duplicated rules. The increase in BITs of this complex nature has thus resuscitated a less publicly debated course, although recently discussed within the United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD), is there need for multilateral agreement on investment (MAI), hosted within the multilateral institution(s)? Since the late 1990s, the discussion as to whether international investments require the MAI has been characterised by diverging interests of developed and developing countries, with neither willing to concede. Even in the immediate post-War II period, this standoff between developed and developing countries has dominated a discourse on whether there is a need for an international agreement on international investment. Yet developing countries, or African countries classified as least developing, continue to be left out of MAI discussions. For example, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 1990's proposed plurilateral agreement excluded African countries.
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Reiter, Sandra L. "The institutions of foreign direct investment in developing countries and social/economic outcomes : a justice perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8708.
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Zhang, Jian. "The impact of trade related investment measures in developing countries." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765888031&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209144977&clientId=23440.
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Inyang, Ambrose. "A Cross-National Study of the Effects of Direct Foreign Investment on the Developmental Process of Developing Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501080/.
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Using the assumptions of various schools of thought on development as the theoretical framework, an attempt is made to examine the effects of foreign investment on the socioeconomic growth of 50 developing countries by means of multiple regression models that utilize some external and internal variables assumed to affect the growth rate of GNP. Results from these models indicate that new inflows of foreign investments and amounts of domestic investments are positively related to growth while accumulated stocks of foreign investments have no effect on growth. This suggests that development funds, designed specifically for increased domestic investments, would be the most effective way to increase GNP.
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Adams, Kweku. "Foreign direct investment inflows into the financial services sector in Africa : a study of Ghana." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678411.
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Atik, M. Talha, Hung Tran, and Cristhian Vieyra. "Foreign Direct Investments in Developing countries: The case of Ericsson in Mexico and Vietnam." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14820.
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One of the most important notions of our world is “globalization” which affects the lives of human beings in several ways. It is a concept which removes boundaries and limits; therefore, involves a global world, and consequently a global economy. Within the global economy, there are flows of goods, capital, technology and other means of production among different countries. As a result, these movements create a high competition among the different actors of the game. In order to develop themselves in this global economy, firms have to expand their businesses abroad to compete in the international arena. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the mostly used ways of internationalization which plays an important role as an engine of employment, technological development, productivity enhancement, economic intensification, and more importantly, as an instrument of technology transfer especially from developed to developing countries. Each country in which foreign companies want to invest has its own characteristics; particular opportunities and barriers from each country might arise when a foreign company starts its investment. This study analyzes the inward FDI in developing countries, by analyzing a case of a Swedish company, Ericsson, in two developing countries: Mexico and Vietnam. The cases of Ericsson in Mexico and Vietnam describe the general business environment, availability of production factors and competitiveness factors in those two countries and provide sets of data in order to build a cross-case analysis and generalize the results of this research.
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Atik, M. Talha Tran Hung Vieyra Cristhian. "Foreign direct investments in developing countries : the case of Ericsson in Mexico and Vietnam /." Linköping : Linköping University. Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:25307/FULLTEXT02.
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Kebalefetse, Batshedisi Pearl. "Competition for foreign direct investment and its implications for developing countries with special reference to Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52742.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study project was aimed at analysing the factors that account for the difference and intensity with regard to the attraction of FDI inflows by developing countries and the benefits brought about by this FDI. It is believed that economic growth can only be achieved where there are no barriers to trade. Trade liberalisation forms the central part of the structural adjustment programmes advocated by the international financial institutions, the World Bank and IMF. The theory of comparative advantage lies at the heart of trade. There is a strong belief that countries will benefit more when specialising in producing goods and services in which they are efficient, those that they can produce at lower costs than other countries. However, researchers like Madeley, (2000:50) argue that the benefits of free trade can only be realised if trade takes place between countries at equal levels of economic development. This is true when one takes into account the fact that developing countries are not well equipped to cope with more developed countries and when looking at the intensity of trade in both cases, With trade liberalisation and competitive global economy, the developing countries are forced to turn to multinationals because there is hope that through them they can benefit from global trade and be able to compete for the limited resources. It is only through the attraction of foreign direct investment or by influencing the location decisions of multinationals that countries can achieve sustainable economic growth. This is so because globalisation and trade liberalisation have concentrated the power of trade in the hands of the multinationals. Multinationals have advantages in global trade because they possess distinct / superior assets which enable them to compete well in the global market. These assets include efficient production processes and continuous process improvements, the ability to eliminate unnecessary process steps, they enjoy economies of scale because of mass production and standardisation, they possess managerial and marketing skills and they can obtain less expensive financial resources because of their credit worthiness. The use of advanced technology by multinationals gives them the power and advantage in the sense that they can achieve high levels of quality in terms of consistency in production and timeliness. Multinationals have built strong relationships with suppliers, banks and other organisations in different fields, world wide. It is, however, noted that developing countries continue to face problems and challenges with regard to the attraction and maintenance of foreign direct investment because these multinationals favour countries where they are sure that their investments will get sustainable future returns. It is, however, imperative that developing countries position themselves advantageously when competing for FDI. In light of this, some developing countries have opted to enhance their fitness and abilities through the promotion of regional integration and cooperation among themselves and neighbouring countries, for purposes of complementing each othe~'s weaknesses and working together towards achieving common goals. The factors which contribute to the attraction of foreign direct investment include: • Rigorous basic education system plus provision of appropriate education. • Size of the economy and the market. • Cost and quality of local inputs. • Governance, political stability and stable macroeconomic policy. • Infrastructure (telecommunication, roads and the internet). When analysing Botswana, it was noted that the country relies heavily on the mining sector as the major source of foreign direct investment and economic growth. The country needs to diversify the industrial base away from mining. The government needs to pay attention to the factors which deter FDI investment in Botswana.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studieprojek het ten doel die ontleding van die faktore wat verantwoordelik is vir die verskil en intensiteit in die aanlok van invloeie van buitelandse direkte belegging (BDB) deur ontwikkelende lande en die voordele wat deur hierdie BDB teweeggebring word. Daar word beweer dat ekonomiese groei net bewerkstellig kan word wanneer handel nie belemmer word nie. Die liberalisering van handel maak die kern uit van die strukturele aanpassingsprogramme wat deur die internasionale finansiële instansies, die Wêreldbank en IMF, voorgestaan word. Die teorie van vergelykende voordeel is die kern van handel. Daar word geglo dat lande meer sal baat indien hulle spesialiseer in die produksie van goedere en dienste waarin hulle bedrewe is en wat hulle teen laer koste as ander lande kan produseer. Navorsers soos Madeley, (2000:50) beweer egter dat die voordele van vryhandel net verwesenlik kan word indien handel plaasvind tussen lande met dieselfde vlak van ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Dit is wel die geval wanneer 'n mens die feit in ag neem dat ontwikkelende lande nie goed toegerus is om met meer ontwikkelde lande mee te ding nie en wanneer 'n mens na die intensiteit van handel in albei gevalle kyk. Met die liberalisering van handel en mededingende wêreldekonomie word ontwikkelende lande genoop om hulle tot multinasionale maatskappye te wend in die hoop dat hulle sodoende voordeel kan trek uit internasionale handel en om die beperkte hulpbronne kan meeding. Slegs deur buitelandse direkte belegging te lok of deur die besluite oor die ligging van multinasionale maatskappye te beïnvloed kan lande volhoubare ekonomiese groei bewerkstellig. Dit is so omdat globalisering en die liberalisering van handel die handelsmag in die hande van die multinasionale maatskappye geplaas het. Multinasionale maatskappye geniet voordele in wêreldhandel omdat hulle bepaalde / superieure bates het wat hulle in staat stel om mededingend te wees in die wêreldmark. Hierdie bates sluit in doeltreffende produksieprosesse en deurlopende prosesverbeteringe, die vermoë om onnodige prosesstappe uit te skakel, die feit dat hulle skaalbesparings geniet danksy massaproduksie en standaardisering, bestuurs- en bemarkingsvaardighede besit, en goedkoper finansiële hulpbronne kan bekom danksy hul kredietwaardigheid. Multinasionale maatskappye se gebruik van gevordere tegnologie verleen aan hulle die mag en voordeel in dié opsig dat hulle hoë vlakke van gehalte in terme van konsekwentheid van produksie asook tydigheid kan bereik. Multinasionale maatskappye het sterk verhoudings met verskaffers, banke en ander organisasies op ander gebiede wêreldwyd opgebou. Ontwikkelende lande staan egter steeds voor probleme en uitdagings rakende die aanlok en behoud van buitelandse direkte belegging, aangesien hierdie multinasionale maatskappye ten gunste is van lande waar hulle seker is hulle beleggings volhoubare toekomstige opbrengste sal oplewer. Dit is egter noodsaaklik dat ontwikkelende lande hulself voordelig posisioneer wanneer hulle om BDB meeding. In die lig hiervan het sekere ontwikkelde land besluit om hul geskiktheid en· vermoë te verbeter deur die bevordering van gebiedsintegrasie en samewerking tussen hulle en buurlande met die doel om mekaar se swakhede aan te vul en saam te werk om gemeenskaplike doelwitte te bereik. Die faktore wat bydra tot die lok van buitelandse direkte belegging is onder meer: • 'n Streng basiese onderwysstelsel plus voorsiening vir behoorlike opvoeding. • Die grootte van die ekonomie en die mark. • Koste en gehalte van plaaslike insette. • Regering, politieke stabiliteit en stabiele makro-ekonomiese beleid. • Infrastruktuur (telekommunikasie, paaie en die internet). Met die ontleding van Botswana is daarop gelet dat die land baie afhanklik is van die mynbousektor as die belangrikste bron van buitelandse direkte belegging en ekonomiese groei. Die land moet die nywerheidsbasis weg van mynbou diversifiseer. Die regering moet aandag gee aan die faktore wat BDB in Botswana verhinder.
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Zheng, Yu. "Credibility and flexibility political institutions and foreign direct investment /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3268348.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 7, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-220).
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Janz, Nicole. "The impact of foreign direct investment on human rights and labour standards : an industry sector approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708829.
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Monkman, Guillermo Alberto. "Trade and foreign investment as forces behind the underdevelopment of Central America." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50079.
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There is no doubt that, regardless of the standards used or point of view chosen, Central America is underdeveloped. What needs to be understood is that the problem of underdevelopment is only partly indigenous, and to a large degree quite recent. This thesis will look at both external and internal actors, acting independently as well as in alliance, in order to explain their role in underdeveloping the region. I have chosen to focus on two key aspects, trade and foreign investment, in which both actors have played an important role, and which I consider having had, and still have, the most devastating effect on Central America. By means of a historical analysis of the Central American states, I will show how their incorporation into the capitalist world resulted in the underdevelopment of the whole region.Master of Arts
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Muranovic, Zana. "Does the Local Financial Market Enhance the Effect of Foreign Direct Investments? : A Study on Developing Countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40737.
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The effects associated with foreign direct investments onto a host economy are perceived to be multi folded. FDI is perceived to enhance, not only, the accumulation of capital in a host country, but also to promote productivity, enable introduction of new processes and skills as well as enable access to new markets. However, empirical research upon if foreign direct investments affects economic growth is ambiguous. The purpose of this thesis is due to such to investigate whether the local financial market enable FDI to affect growth positively. Hence, the aim of this paper is to establish if the domestic financial sector is a vital precondition for foreign direct investment to have a positive significant effect on GDP per capita growth for developing countries. By the use of panel data regressions and three regression models, 26 countries were investigated between the years 1996 and 2015. The empirical results enabled the conclusion that local financial markets do in fact improve the effect associated with foreign direct investment for the 26 countries investigated between the years 1996 and 2015. Thus, local financial markets are a significant and crucial precondition for FDI to affect a host economy's growth positively. Due to such, developing countries should aim towards preserving as well as developing their financial markets.
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Gunayer, Elif. "The Determinants Of Portfolio Investments To Turkey: From 1989 To 2008." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611284/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the factors that determine the portfolio investments to Turkey in the period from 1989:04 to 2008:12. The factors that are examined are budget balance, current account balance, nominal exchange rate between the Turkish Lira and the US dollar, Turkish domestic interest rate, US 3-months Treasury Bill rate, annual inflation rate in Turkey and ISE 100 Index. A Vector Autoregressive Model is used for the purpose of examining the impacts of these variables on the level of portfolio investments to Turkey. The results of the model show that the portfolio investment in Turkey was affected positively by domestic interest rates and negatively by ISE 100 Index in the period before 2001. On the other hand, it is affected positively by exchange rate and US interest rate in the post-crisis period. It is also found that current account deficit affect portfolio investments negatively.
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Coson, Murniz Allen Vasay. "The Interaction of Political Capacity and Economic Growth to Attract Foreign Direct Investments at the Provincial Levels of Developing Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/16.
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This dissertation will explore how developing provinces within countries attract foreign direct investment. The policy implication to this study is important because it could account for the uneven distribution of growth in developing countries that so frequently leads to dual economies. To attract foreign direct investments, provincial governments compete among themselves trying to appeal to international investors. There is consensus in the economic development literature that both economic and political variables interact to advance a nation's economy. The ability for a country to provide a free market economy to exchange goods and ideas makes the environment more favorable for investors, hence it makes sense to focus on institutions that can attract FDI if the government is committed to developing its economy and compete in the global market. Political factors serves as an important component of strengthening a country's economy. Political variables such as political capacity have helped ensure the success of a growing economy. Governments must possess the ability to extract resources from its people, thereby pursuing policy goals to create a more favorable market environment for investors. Investors then feel more confident and comfortable investing in these economies. This political variable has helped countries redefine themselves in the global community as credible and safe countries for investment. However, this political variable alone is not enough to explain how to attract foreign direct investments in developing countries. Rather, governments must also possess the economic tools necessary, such as economic growth and an open economy. These economic tools combined with political capacity can effectively attract foreign direct investments. Many provinces in developing countries lack these variables, thereby jeopardizing the opportunity to attract foreign direct investments and compete in the global market. Hence, I look at both the political and economical variables as an interaction variable as a strong indicator to attract foreign direct investments. If my work is successful, I hope that these findings can serve as a policy tool for provinces of developing countries to effectively attract foreign direct investments in a competitive global market.
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Javidan, Darugar Mohammad Reza. "International Economic Dependency and Human Development in Third World Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278243/.
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This study empirically tested the two competing development theories--modernization and dependency/world-system. Theoretical and methodological approaches suggested by these two paradigms offer opposing interpretations of the incorporation of the Third World countries into the world capitalist system. Therefore, they provide conflicting and, at times, confusing guidelines on the ways available to enhance the well-being of the general populations in these countries. To shed light on the subject matter, this study uses a few specific indicators of economic growth and human development by comparing the outcomes based on the two conflicting paradigms. The comparative process allows us to confirm the one theoretical approach that best explains human conditions in Third World settings. The study focuses on specific aspects of foreign domination--foreign investment, foreign trade, foreign debt, and the resulting disarticulated national economies. The main arguement, here, conveys the idea that as far as Third World countries are tied in an inescapable and unilaterally benefitial (to the core countries of course) economic and political relations, there will be no hope for any form of sustainable economic growth. Human well-being in Third World countries might very well depend on their ability to develop self-reliant economies with the least possible ties to the world capitalist system.
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Nguyen, Kimthoa Thi. "How resource rich countries attract foreign direct investments: a study of Western Asian countries and strategies of industrialization and diversification." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15058.
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Fuel is a self-depleting resource and long term dependency on this commodity alone will not suffice. An export trade oriented approach can lead to faster industrialization while diversification leads to economic sustainable growth. This research seeks to understand how countries compete for foreign direct investments, and how certain activities have the most impact in the competitive global marketplace. Research suggests that when companies decide to invest abroad, they seek only to find countries that facilitate their strategic objectives. The results conclude with appropriate levels of government accountability, credibility and visibility with the private sector, foreign direct investment is attracted by policy advocacy and policy reform. By reviewing countries such as United Arab Emirates in direct comparison to Western Asian countries, including Kuwait and Iraq with high levels of fuel exports, along with Qatar with optimistic marketplace indicators and plentitude of skills and capabilities – research seems to suggest that despite high capabilities and attractive GDP, promotional investment activities yield the highest returns using policy advocacy and reform.
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Kim, Minjung. "Does a Causal Link Exist between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in the Asian NIEs?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1090265979.
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Shuma, Baraka John. "Attracting and regulating foreign direct investments in biofuels production in Tanzania." Thesis, UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3121.
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Van, Zyl Stefan Daniel. "The diplomacy of multinational corporations (MNCs) : bargaining with developing states." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50137.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment investigates the bargaining relationship between multinational corporations (MNCs) and developing countries. The units of analysis of this study in Global Political Economy are MNCs (non-state actors) and nation-states. In the contemporary global production structure the 'balance of power' between MNCs and developing countries has shifted in favour of MNCs. Descriptive secondary sources were used to illustrate the MNC-State bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the contemporary global economy nation-states only rarely still compete for territory, but rather for wealth-creating activities to be located within their borders. Important changes in the global production structure have resulted in the increased mobility and economic power of MNCs. These developments have affected the strategic relationship between MNCs and nation-states and the former have used their advantage to gain preferential treatment in the bargaining process. The nation-states are also competing amongst themselves for the investment and technology and knowledge transfers from these firms. Privatisation programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa have substantially increased MNC participation on the continent, which has been historically marginalised from global foreign direct investment receipts. Research has shown that MNC participation in infrastructure service provision is more efficient than government ownership. However, this does not constitute a loss of sovereignty, but rather emphasises the changing role of nation-states as facilitators of global market relations. On examination, the distinct bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation clearly illustrates the dependence of Sub-Saharan African countries on technologically advanced MNCs. Thus, the 'balance of power' has shifted more to MNCs in the global political economy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingswerkstuk ondersoek die bedingingsverhouding tussen multinasionale korporasies (MNKs) en ontwikkelende lande. Die ondersoekeenhede in die studie van die Globale Politieke Ekonomie is MNKs (nie-staatrolspelers) en regeringstate. In die huidige globale produksiestruktuur het die mag tussen MNKs en ontwikkelende lande verander sodat die MNKs nou die magsoorwig het. Beskrywende sekondêre bronne is gebruik om die MNK-regeringstaat se bedingingsverhouding in telekommunikasie privatisering in Sub-Sahara Afrika te illustreer. In die teenswoordige globale ekonomie kompeteer regeringstate selde met mekaar om territoriale mag, maar oorwegend om welvaartskeppende bedrywe binne hul grense aan te moedig. Belangrike veranderings in die globale produksiestruktuur het MNKs se mobiliteit en ekonomiese mag verhoog. Hierdie ontwikkelinge het die strategiese verhouding tussen MNKs en regeringstate verander. MNKs gebruik hierdie invloed om voordeel te trek uit regeringstate wat kompeteer vir belegging en die tegnologie- en kennisoordrag van hierdie korporasies. Privatiseringsprogramme in Sub-Sahara Afrika het MNK-deelname op die kontinent verhoog, wat histories gemarginaliseer is van buitelandse direkte belegging. Navorsing dui daarop dat MNKs se deelname in infrastruktuurdienslewering meer doeltreffend is, as wanneer dit onder staatsbeheer is. Dit lei egter nie tot 'n verlies aan soeweriniteit nie, maar beklemtoon die regeringstaat se veranderde rol as fasiliteerder van globale markverhoudinge. Die ondersoek na die uitsonderlike bedingingsverhouding in die privatisering van telekommunikasie beklemtoon Sub-Sahara Afrika se afhanklikheid van tegnologies-ontwikkelde MNKs. Die magsbalans het gevolglik na die MNKs oorskuif in die globale politieke ekonomie.
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Mazenda, Adrino. "The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth: evidence from South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007027.
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Foreign direct investment amongst other mechanisms provides capital inflow meant to stimulate economic growth. Apart from promoting economic growth, FDI can also lead to increase in employment, technology, technical knowhow and managerial skills. South Africa has implemented various policy initiatives in attempts to attract foreign investment. This study investigates on the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, with particular reference to the South African economy. The period of study is from 1980 to 2010. The study begins by reviewing literature on economic growth and foreign direct investment. South Africa’s macroeconomic background is examined to determine the trends in FDI inflows and economic growth. An empirical model linking theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of FDI on economic growth is estimated using the Johansen cointegration and VECM framework. Variables specified in the methodology include real gross domestic product (RGDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment (INVE), real exchange rate (REXCH) and foreign marketable debt (DEBT). The long run results showed that FDI, REXCH and DEBT have a negative impact on growth. INVE has a positive impact on growth. Short run results indicated that there is no strong pressure on RGDP to restore long-run equilibrium whenever there is a disturbance. The short run lag of FDI was found to exert a positive impact on growth. The impulse response and variance decomposition analysis complemented the long and short-run findings. Shocks on REXCH, and DEBT generated a negative response on RGDP. The shocks were not significantly different from zero and were transitory. Results from the variance decomposition analysis revealed that the fundamentals explain some, but not all, of the variations of RGDP. For the fifth year forecast error variance RGDP explains the largest component of the variation followed by INVE, REXCH, FDI and DEBT. After a period of ten years, the influence of RGDP and INVE declines, whereas REXCH, FDI and DEBT increase. Conclusions and policy recommendations were made using these results.
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Braun, Julia, and Martin Zagler. "The true art of the tax deal: Evidence on aid flows and bilateral double tax agreements." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5459/1/wp242.pdf.
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Out of a total of 2,976 double tax agreements (DTAs), some 60% are signed between a developing and a developed economy. As DTAs shift taxing rights from capital importing to capital exporting countries, the prior would incur a loss. We demonstrate in a theoretical model that in a deal one country does not trump the other, but that the deal must be mutually beneficial. In the case of an asymmetric DTA, this requires compensation from the capital exporting country to the capital importing country. We provide empirical evidence that such compensation is indeed paid, for instance in the form of bilateral official development assistance, which increases on average by six million US$ in the year of the signature of a DTA.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Lindner, Thomas, Jakob Müllner, and Jonas Puck. "Cost of capital in an international context: Institutional distance, quality, and dynamics." Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2016.01.001.
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Cost of debt is a key cognitive anchor for managerial decisions and an important determinant of firm profitability. We extend international management research by analyzing the effects of institutional distance, institutional quality, and their dynamics on the cost of debt in the context of foreign direct investments (FDI). We test our conceptual model on a sample of companies making 3,764 greenfield foreign direct investments from developed into less developed markets. Using hierarchical linear modelling, we show that the financial consequences of internationalizing into countries with weak institutions depend on both the institutional distance between countries, as well as their institutional quality. Furthermore, we find that recent changes in institutional quality form expectations about future development and ultimately influence post investment financing costs.
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Fulton, Mark Hugh John. "Why has South Africa been relatively unsuccessful at attracting inward foreign direct investment since 1994?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013056.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows into South Africa have been very low for several decades, and this research examines the reason(s) why this has been the case since 1994. There is a common belief amongst economists that there is a positive relationship between the amount of FDI received and economic growth, thus the desire to attract greater FDI inflows. A literature review was conducted to establish the determinants of FDI globally and then data were collected and assessed to test which causes are most important. The performance of developing nations in attracting FDI was first compared with that of the developed nations. Thereafter, a regional breakdown of FDI flows was presented, with a particular focus on the Southern African region. FDI inflows to South Africa since 1994 were compared against the identified determinants of FDI, as well as with FDI inflows into two other major mining economies, Chile and Botswana. The friendliness of the government towards business was identified as a significant determinant of FDI inflows and the importance of this factor in explaining FDI inflows into environment in South Africa was looked at in more depth. It was found that many investors perceive the South African government as hostile towards business and as corrupt and/or inefficient. The empirical results show that this negative perception helps explain the FDI inflows attracted by South Africa since 1994. Therefore, increased friendliness to business by the government should increase future inward FDI flows into South Africa.
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Ko, Man Ching. "Emerging stock markets in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2894.
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the emerging stock markets in three regions. The regions chosen as our testing targets are Europe, The Middle East, and Asia. Performance for 2002 to 2004 will be compared to the U.S. stock market.
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Hajek, Patricia. "MIGRANT WORKERS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA:ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, AND SINGAPORE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3574.
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This thesis explores migrant labor in South-East Asia by addressing the topic of migration, specifically its causes and consequences. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore are countries that experienced rapid industrialization from the mid-1960s throughout the 1990s. Simultaneously, the migration of people within the region increased. A key focus is how regional development has contributed to migration flows and to the position of migrants in these countries. Using a migration systems framework from Castles' and Miller's The Age of Migration (2003) that draws on theoretical elements from economics, historical-structuralism and transnationalism, this thesis finds that several factors explain the causes of migration in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore and the lasting implications migration had in their respective societies. Both macro- and micro-structures influenced industrialization and a migratory labor market. The historical, political, and economic linkages shared among the countries, alongside regional integration and attractive government-led industrialization strategies contributed to large-scale flows of migrant workers within the region. These same factors made migration and settlement increasingly difficult. Consequently, human rights violations of migrants in these countries became more pronounced. Singapore's dominance of Indonesia and Malaysia in the semi-periphery of South-East Asia conditioned the environment that migrants faced in their host societies. Migrant workers from Indonesia and Malaysia enjoyed better treatment in Singapore, because of its targeted labor, immigration, and social policies. In all three countries, settlement patterns of migrant workers were virtually similar to government commitments to prevent assimilation.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA
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Offesson, Sandra, and Oskar Schmidt. "Naturkatastrofers inverkan på utländska direktinvesteringar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129845.
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Rapporterade naturkatastrofer har ökat markant under senare år, likt totala kostnader som följer. Utländska direktinvesteringar har ökat parallellt och är en viktig variabel för återhämtning efter en katastrof, särskilt för utvecklingsländer. Naturkatastrofer utgör en risk för utländska direktinvesteringar varför syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera naturkatastrofers inverkan på inflödet av utländska direktinvesteringar. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte analyseras om direktinvesteringar i utvecklade och utvecklingsländer påverkas olika av naturkatastrofer samt hur olika typer av naturkatastrofer påverkar direktinvesteringar. Få publikationer finns att tillgå inom ämnet, varför uppsatsen fyller en kunskapslucka. Uppsatsen använder ett balanserat paneldataset med 1632 observationer över tidsperioden 1980 - 2011. Fixed Effect Model tillämpas och resultaten visar att naturkatastrofer har en negativ inverkan på inflödet av utländska direktinvesteringar på både kort och lång sikt. Effekten är mer negativ på lång sikt vilket stärker bilden av att direktinvesteringar är långsiktiga. Stormar är den typ av naturkatastrof, framför översvämningar, som är tydligast bunden till direktinvesteringar. Jordbävningar visar ingen signifikans. Naturkatastrofer påverkar utländska direktinvesteringar i utvecklade länder marginellt mer än i utvecklingsländer. Den ekonomiska tillväxten är enbart signifikant för utvecklingsländer som uppvisar en positiv signifikant för alla studerade tidshorisonter. För utvecklade och utvecklingsländer har stormar och översvämningar ett negativ samband med direktinvesteringar. Jordbävningar uppvisar en positiv signifikans på 1 års sikt för utvecklade länder, men ingen signifikans för utvecklingsländer.Nyckelord: UtländskaThe reporting of natural disasters has increased significantly during the last century. Likewise has the financial costs risen along with the natural disasters. Foreign direct investments (FDI) has increased during the same time period and is a key variable for economic recovery after a natural disaster, especially for developing countries. Natural disasters imposes risk for FDI, hence the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact natural disasters has on FDI. This study investigate if there are differences in how developed and developing countries cope with natural disasters and how different types of natural disasters affects FDI in different ways. The study uses a 1632 observation panel data set covering the time period 1980 to 2011. The regression model applied is Fixed Effect Model. The results show that natural disasters significantly impact FDI negatively, both in the short and long-run. The marginal effect in the long-run are shown to be more negative than in the short-run, establishing that FDI are long term investments. The type of natural disaster, closest connected to FDI are storms. The impact from natural disaster on developed countries is marginally more notable than the impact on developing countries. Economic Growth, as a regressor, is only shown to be significant for developing countries. For developed and developing countries storms and floods are negatively connected to FDI. In developed countries earthquakes have a positive connection to FDI in a one year period.
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Miranda, Pedro Carvalho de 1977. "A internacionalização das atividades tecnológicas e a inserção dos países em desenvolvimento : uma análise baseada em dados de patentes." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286442.
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Orientador: Célio HiratukaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_PedroCarvalhode_D.pdf: 3078289 bytes, checksum: 90cbb20cd801b35580c46abc8fd5be0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Nas últimas décadas do século XX, às transformações no cenário macroeconômico internacional e ao acirramento da concorrência em escala global, somaram-se as novas estratégias adotadas pelas grandes corporações para a manutenção e o reforço de suas vantagens competitivas, incluindo mudanças organizacionais. Na esfera produtiva, estas resultaram na formação de redes internacionais de produção com elevada dispersão geográfica das atividades. No entanto, tais mudanças não se restringiram às atividades produtivas. Nos anos 1990, a internacionalização das atividades tecnológicas cresceu de forma mais intensa, com maior dispersão geográfica e o envolvimento de atividades de maior complexidade. As subsidiárias estrangeiras das empresas transnacionais (ETNs) deixam de ser apenas receptoras de tecnologias desenvolvidas pela matriz e assumem também a função de gerar novas capacitações baseadas na absorção de conhecimento local. Contudo, tal processo ainda se mostra extremamente concentrado nos países da tríade Estados Unidos¿Europa Ocidental¿Japão, sobretudo quando consideradas as atividades de pesquisa. Diante disso, surge o questionamento se estaria em curso um processo seletivo de dispersão internacional das atividades tecnológicas ou um movimento em direção ao "tecnoglobalismo". Considerando esse debate, o objetivo desta tese é avançar na discussão a respeito do perfil da inserção dos países em desenvolvimento (PEDs) em tal processo. A primeira questão que se apresenta é se houve, com o fortalecimento de PEDs em determinados campos tecnológicos nos anos recentes, mudança na magnitude da participação desses países como hospedeiros e no tipo de atividades envolvidas. A segunda diz respeito à atuação das ETNs originárias dos PEDs. O crescimento recente da internacionalização destas estaria indo além das atividades produtivas e envolvendo também atividades tecnológicas? Diante dessas questões, considera-se como hipótese que o processo de internacionalização das atividades tecnológicas estaria se intensificando e abrindo espaço para a inserção de novos países. No entanto, sendo esse um processo seletivo, os PEDs devem apresentar perfis distintos de inserção, determinados pela interação entre as estratégias das ETNs e as políticas nacionais de desenvolvimento. A caracterização do perfil de inserção dos países foi feita a partir da comparação entre a importância das atividades internacionais em cada campo tecnológico e o padrão de especialização tecnológica nacional, determinado por indicadores de vantagem tecnológica revelada. A análise foi baseada em estatísticas de patentes depositadas no Escritório Europeu de Patentes no período 1980-2009. A amostra considerada representa atividades realizadas em todos os campos tecnológicos, por empresas originárias de um grupo de 43 países. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma assimetria na inserção dos países, com destaque para os países asiáticos, sobretudo China e Índia, no caso de países hospedeiros, e Coreia do Sul e Taiwan, como países de origem. Diferenças acentuadas na magnitude e importância de suas participações, em sua forma de organização e no tipo das atividades envolvidas indicaram que o processo de internacionalização das atividades tecnológicas tem forte caráter seletivo e hierárquico. Dessa maneira, reforçam a importância das políticas nacionais, bem como o caráter complementar e limitado da contribuição das ETNs para o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos PEDs
Abstract: In the last decades of the 20th century, the transformations in the international macroeconomic landscape and the increased competition at a global scale were joined by new strategies implemented by major corporations to maintain and strengthen their competitive advantages, including organizational change. In the manufacturing sector, it resulted in the creation of international production networks with a high geographical dispersion of their activities. Such changes, however, were not limited to production activities. In the 1990s, the internationalization of technological activities was intensified, achieving an increased geographic dispersion and encompassing activities of higher complexity. The foreign subsidiaries of transnational corporations (TNCs) not only did transfer technologies originated by their parent companies, but also began themselves to create new capabilities by virtue of the absorption of local knowledge. However, this process still remains extremely concentrated in the region formed by the triad United States¿Western Europe¿Japan, especially in the field of research. In view of this, emerges a debate on whether there is an undergoing tiered selection process of the international dispersion of technological activities, or rather a movement towards a "technoglobalism." This article aims at moving forward in the debate regarding the profile of insertion of developing countries (DCs) in such a process. The first question is whether, with the strengthening of DCs in certain technological domains in recent years, there have been shifts in both the magnitude of their participation as host countries as well as in the type of activities involved. The second question touches on the operation of TNCs coming from DCs: is this recent surge in their internationalization going beyond production activities, and encompassing technological activities as well? In view of these questions, it is assumed that the internationalization process of technological activities is being intensified and opening the way for the insertion of other countries. However, since this is a tiered selection process, the DCs must present distinct insertion profiles, determined by the interaction between the strategies adopted by the TNCs and national development policies. The characterization of the insertion profile of each country was carried out by drawing a comparison between the importance of international activities in each technology domain and the pattern of national technological specialization, determined by revealed technological advantage index. The analysis was based on data of patents filed at the European Patent Office, in the period ranging from 1980 to 2009. The analyzed sample encompasses activities performed in all technological domains, by companies from 43 countries. The results point to the existence of an asymmetry, with a prominent position occupied by Asian countries, especially China and India among the host countries, and South Korea and Taiwan as home countries. The differences found in the magnitude and importance, the type of activity, which indicates that the internationalization process of technological activities has a strong selective and hierarchical character. Hence they reaffirm that the contribution made by transnational corporations for the technological development of DCs is rather limited and complementary, and public policies play a major role in this matter
Doutorado
Teoria Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
31
Meddah, Hayette. "On the choice of exchange rate regimes : the case of primary commodity exporting countries." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22019.
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La première partie de la thèse se compose d'une recherche empirique visant à examiner si les producteurs de produits primaires s'adaptent mieux après un choc d'offre sous un régime de taux de change flottant. À l'aide d'un modèle VAR, j'ai trouvé que les régimes de taux de change flexible n'effectuent pas mieux à isoler l'économie des chocs externes. Par conséquent, la deuxième partie de la thèse vise à établir ou non si les régimes de taux de change fournissent certains avantages pour les pays exportateurs de produits primaires tels que le fait d'attirer les investissements directs a l'étranger. À l'aide de différentes estimations économétriques, les résultats montrent que les régimes de taux de change influencent les investissements directs à l'étranger et en particulier, les régimes de change fixes plutôt que les régimes plus flexiblesThe first part of dissertation consists of an empirical research aiming at investigating whether primary commodity producers perform better after a real shock with floating exchange rate regimes. Using a VAR model I found that flexible exchange rate regimes do not perform better at insulating the output from external shocks. Therefore, the second part of the dissertation aims at establishing whether or not exchange rate regimes provide certain benefit for those countries such as attracting foreign direct investments. Using panel data estimation techniques, I found that exchange rate regimes matters in attracting FDI and in particular fixed regimes rather than flexible regimes
32
Gleizer, Valeria, and Volkan Özturk. "Ekonomisk tillväxt och utländska direktinvesteringar i Sub-Sahara." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24132.
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The Sub-Saharan countries have for a long time struggled with poverty and conflicts which might have proven hostile for investors. The analysis aims to see if there is a significant correlation between foreign direct investments (FDI) and economic growth and which cultural and institutional factors seem to be significant in this correlation. Considered are also other variables and their influence that might explain what motivates and gives incentives for foreign direct investments (FDI) and are used in the construction of a regression analysis. This to see whether there is an effect on the economic growth in relations to FDI. The results show that FDI is of significance to the economic growth in the region and the study shows that corruption seems to be the most significant institutional factor in the correlation with effect on economic growth and the ability to attract FDI.
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Oloufade, Djoulassi Kokou. "Analysis of Legal Institutions, Conflict and Trade." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23165.
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In the first paper, the effects of trade openness and conflict risk on income inequality are investigated. I obtain that the effect of trade openness on inequality depends on the level of conflict risk. More precisely, there exists a threshold effect: trade openness worsens income inequality in countries where the risk of internal and external conflicts is high. Moreover, I find that countries with higher risk of conflicts are more unequal, and that more ethnically diverse countries increase income inequality. Finally, I obtain that democratic regimes decrease inequality. In the second paper, we analyze the general-equilibrium consequences of property right enforcement in the natural resource sector. Assuming that exclusion requires both private and public enforcement efforts, we compare states that differ by their ability to provide protection services. This ability is referred to as state capacity. We obtain that public protection services can effectively act as either substitutes or complements to private enforcement, and this strongly depends on state capacity. Under low state capacity, an increase in state protection services leads to a drop in national income as labor is drawn away from the directly productive activities. The opposite holds for high-capacity states. As a result, public protection services have an ambiguous effect on national income even though they can unambiguously increase resource rents. In the third paper, we argue that the right to hold dual citizenship can generate important social and economic benefits beyond its political dimension. We assemble a large panel dataset on dual citizenship. We find that in developing countries, dual citizenship recognition increases remittance inflows by US$1.19 billion, GDP and household consumption, and improves child survival. In developed countries, however, dual citizenship recognition decreases remittance inflows by US$1.44 billion, but increases FDI by US$828 billion, raises household consumption, gross capital formation and trade, and provides incentives for skilled workers to move to other countries.
34
McMillan, Susan M. "Context conditions and the consequences of foreign direct investment in developing countries Thailand, the Philippines, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33060327.html.
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Shuai, Xiaobing. "Foreign direct investment in developing countries motives, structures and impacts /." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50260272.html.
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Kehl, Jenny Rebecca. "The politics of profit a comparative political economy analysis of foreign investment, government capacity, and development spending /." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58973695.html.
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Pascoal, Fernando Luis. "Foreign direct investment : its determinants and relevance to developing countries." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1569.
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This dissertation is divided into six chapters, as foHows:
Chapter 1 of this dissertation discusses the growing significance of FDI for developing
countries. It compares FDT in developed and developing countries and analyses recent
evidence ofFDI flows to developing countries. Chapter 2 analyses the (endogenous and
exogenous) detenninants ofFDI flows into developing countries. Chapter 3 discusses
the importance of FDI flows, which are essential for new investments or for financing
fortuitous deficits in host countries, and looks at the adjustment mechanisms for the
equilibrium of the balance of payments. Chapter 4 gives attention to FDI flows, the
liberalisation of financial markets and the financial account of the balance of payments in
developing countries in providing more opportunities and mechanisms for development
and economic growth. Finally, chapter S examines and compares FDI flows tu South
Africa and Angola - the biggest FDI recipients on the African continent.Economics
MCom (Economics)
38
Hyun, Jung Taik. "The impact of direct foreign investment on the manufacturing total factor productivity of developing countries a case study of Korea and Taiwan /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32330915.html.
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Makwembere, Simba. "The impact of sector Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth in developing countries." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43985.
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One of the key priorities of developing countries governments and policymakers is to improve national welfare and address poverty alleviation. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) are regarded as important external sources of financing economic growth around the world and are a more stable and beneficial capital injection substitute to financial aid in developing countries (Adam, 2009; Özkan-Günay, 2011). More recently, there has been a surge in foreign investments into developing countries as investors seek to diversify their investments in order to receive better returns which have become difficult to attain in the developed countries due to market saturation and the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis. The challenge that developing governments are faced with is how to ensure that the FDI inflows into their countries result in accelerated economic growth. Contemporary literature suggests that one of the reasons why FDI has produced contradictory results in various countries and economies is that FDI in various economic sectors impacts economic growth differently (Madem, Cudla & Rao, 2012).
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sectorial FDI on economic growth in developing countries. Panel data estimation techniques were employed to estimate the impact of various economic sectors on economic growth as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Further, an analysis was performed to estimate whether there is a better form of FDI which is preferable to enhance FDI driven economic growth. The sample data used for this study was for South Africa as convenience sampling technique was employed.
The study established that there is statistically significant evidence that sectorial FDI has variable impact on economic growth and as such priority should be directed to investments in economic sectors with the greatest impact on economic development. Further, it was established that greenfield as a form of foreign investment does not have statistically significant impact on economic sectors’ ability to impact economic growth. As such there is no preferred form of FDI to enhance economic growth as measured by GDP.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
40
Sawada, Naotaka. "The economic impacts of technology transfer and spillovers through foreign direct investment in developing countries." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11358.
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Rungqu, Mandisi. "The relationship between infrastructural development and foreign direct investment inflows and economic growth in developing countries." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44116.
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The last decade has seen a tremendous shift in global FDI inflows from developed to developing economies which has greatly benefited these countries to gain access to much needed capital to supplement their typical low domestic savings. The major focus of existing research conducted has been on developed countries and limited empirical work has acknowledged the role of infrastructure development in attracting FDI. Major aim of this is to assess the relationship between ICT, power and transport infrastructure and FDI inflows. Furthermore, the relationship between FDI and economic growth is also explored.
Panel data analysis using the random effects model was utilised to analyse the abovementioned relationship on a panel of 27 developing economies between 2000- 2013. The developing countries were categorised into different categories based on income levels and mixed results were found across these levels. Unidirectional testing was performed in assessing these relationships. The direction was from infrastructure development to FDI and the latter to economic growth. When combining the developing countries together, the results show a significant and positive relationship between ICT, power and transport infrastructure and FDI inflows. FDI was also found to have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
zkgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
42
Wright, Jeffrey Joseph. "Comparative behavior of foreign and domestic manufacturing firms in India and Brazil." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22711988.html.
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Mahavadi, Ram Mohan. "The effect of regulations on insurance companies expanding to emerging markets." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40797.
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Recent Solvency and Assessment Management (SAM) Regulations that are being proposed are the bone of contention in the Insurance Industry. Industry leaders argue that the financial regulations in South Africa are being imposed on companies too rapidly, despite South Africa’s financial regulations being one of the best in the world. However, South Africa’s Insurance market growth has reduced substantially and has reached a point of saturation. Insurers are analysing the international marketplace for growth opportunities in their business. Huge opportunities in Africa and in other emerging economies of the world have lured the Insurance companies to expand their operations beyond South Africa, at the expense of their operations in developed economies.
These expansions, especially in unstable emerging economies come at a huge cost and carries inherent risks in moving to these territories. Qualitative exploratory research techniques were used to understand the link between the regulations and expansion plans to ascertain what the former has effect on the latter. Sixteen senior managers from the industry were interviewed, their responses analysed and results aggregated in this report.
The results expressed that the effect of SAM on insurance companies is varied. Some companies endure the burden in terms of huge costs of implementation and operation and restrict their expansion plans; while large insurance companies with huge balance sheets see no impact on their plans. The research further includes the effect on insurance companies of other regulations such as nationalisation, sovereign rating downgrades and perceived skills gap in the market and proposed a model around these regulations.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
pagibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
44
Soong, Jenn-Jaw. "The political economy of development in the newly industrializing countries a comparative analysis of Taiwan, South Korea, Brazil, and Mexico /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27855821.html.
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Billet, Bret L. "The determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries a comparative analysis of the Development Assistance Committee, Japan, and the United States /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23670128.html.
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Thupa, Moliehi Florence. "Expansion strategies of multinational corporations in African emerging economies." Diss., 2019. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/25637.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English with abstract in English, Northern Sotho and XhosaThis study investigated the determinants of expansion strategies that are adopted by MNCs that invest in African emerging economies. Literature suggests that expansion strategies have received little research attention, especially in the African context. Previous studies suggest that MNCs initiate their internationalisation process through exportation, and then explore other resource-committed expansion strategies (FDIs) at a later stage. A number of theories have been used to explain the behaviour and decisions of MNCs in this regard. One of the prominent theories in this regard is Dunning‘s OLI paradigm that has been the most influential and widely used, but this study was premised on internationalisation theory. For the purposes of this study, two expansion strategies of MNCs were identified as greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports. The study sampled six top African emerging countries rated by the stock size and volume of FDI inflow they had attracted. The study utilised the cross-sectional time-series data for period spanning 1996 to 2016. The data were accessed from statistical records of African Development indicators (ADI), a statistical arm of the World Bank. This quantitative research employed econometrics estimation technique to achieve its objectives, namely OLS regression. The study relied on Durbin-Watson statistics contained in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to attend to issues of autocorrelation. To establish long run relationship, Johansen‘s cointegration approach was employed.
Thutelo ye e nyakišitše ditšhupo tša maano a katološo ao a amogetšwego ke dikhamphani tše di dirago dinageng tše ntši (diMNC) tšeo di beeleditšego ka go diekonomi tše di golago tša Afrika. Dingwalo di šišinya gore maano a katološo a filwe šedi ye nnyane ya dinyakišišo, gagolo kemong ya Afrika. Dithutelo tše di šetšego di dirilwe di šišinya gore diMNC di thome tshepedišo ya go oketša tiro ya feme boemong bja boditšhabatšhaba ka mokgwa wa kišontle, gomme ka morago di hlohlomiše maano a mangwe a katološo a boikemišetšo go fa ditlakelo le thušo tše di nyakegago go fihlelela dinepo tše di filwego tša feme nakong ye e tlo latelago. Diteori tše mmalwa di dirišitšwe go hlaloša mokgwa wa go dira le diphetho tša diMNC malebana le se. Ye nngwe ya diteori tše bohlokwa malebana le se, gape yeo e bego e le ye e nago le khuetšo ye kgolo gape e dirišitšwego ka bophara, ke dikgopolo ka ga ka moo dilo di šomago tša OLI go ya ka Dunning, eupša thutelo ye e begilwego bjalo ka matseno go teori ya kgodišo ya difeme gore di dire dinageng tše dingwe. Ka lebaka la morero wa thutelo ye, maano a katološo a mabedi a diMNC a šupilwe bjalo ka peeletšo thwi ge motho a hloma khamphani nageng e šele (FDI) le kišontle. Thutelo e tšeere dinaga tše tshela tša boemo bja godimo tšeo di golago tšeo di lekantšwego ka bogolo bja thoto le bolumo ya ditseno tša FDI tšeo di di tlišitšego. Thutelo ye e dirišitše tshedimošo yeo e hweditšwego ka go lemoga dinomoro tšeo di kgobokeditšwego dinakong tše di fapanego dinakong ka sebaka sa nako seo se lekanago pakeng ya nako ya 1996 go iša go 2016. Tshedimošo e hweditšwe go tšwa direkhotong tša Dipalopalo tša African Development Indicators (ADI), lekala la Dipalopalo la Panka ya Lefase. Nyakišišo ka go kgoboketša le go sekaseka datha yeo e hweditšwego methopong ye e fapanego e dirišitše dithekniki tša dipalopalo go kwešiša ditaba tša ekonomi le diteori tša teko go fihlelela maikemišetšo a yona, e lego tswalano go OLS. Thutelo e theilwe go Dipalopalo tša Durbin-Watson tšeo di lego ka tekanyo ya tswalano ka go fokotša palo ya go fapana ga disekwere gare ga dipalo tše di lemogilwego le tšeo di akantšwego go lebelela ditlhagišo tša nyalanyo Go hlola ditswalanyo tša nako ye telele, mokgwatebelelo wa Johansen wa tatelano ya dikhutlo tša datha ya dinomoro ka go latelana ga tšona o dirišitšwe
Esi sifundo siphande izinto ezilawula amacebo okwandisa enziwa ngamaqumrhu amazwe ngamazwe (MNCs) natyala imali kumazwe aseAfrika anoqoqosho oluntshulayo. Uluncwadi olukhoyo luthi amacebo okwandisa awanikwa ngqwalasela yaneleyo kuphando, ngakumbi kwiimeko zaseAfrika. Izifundo ezidluleyo ziveze ukuba iiMNCs ziyiqala ngokuthumela iimveliso zazo inkqubo yokufaka la mazwe kushishino lwamazwe ngamazwe. Emva koko zizama ukuncedisa ngezixhobo nemithombo yokusebenza njengecebo lokwandisa. Ziliqela iingcingane ezisetyenzisiweyo xa kuchazwa indlela yokwenza nezigqibo zeeMNCs ngalo mbandela. Enye yeengcingane eziphambili nesetyenziswe kakhulu kulo mba yekaDunning, neyaziwa ngokuba yiOLI paradigm, nangona esakhe isifundo sasisekele kwingcingane yokudibanisa amazwe ngamazwe. Kwesi sifundo kuchongwe amacebo okwandisa amabini asetyenziswe ziiMNCs. La macebo kukutyala ngqo imali nemithombo (greenfield foreign direct investment - FDI) nokuthumela iimveliso zazo kuloo mazwe. Esi sifundo sikhethe amazwe aseAfrika amathandathu naphambili xa kubalwa izinto anazo la mazwe, nomyinge wemali nezixhobo ezifakiweyo. Isifundo sisebenzise iinkcukacha ezingamaqela amanani anqumlezanayo (cross-sectional time-series data) kwixesha elisukela kunyaka we-1996 ukuya kowama-2016. Ezi nkcukacha zafunyanwa kwiingxelo ezigciniweyo zeZalathisi Zophuhliso LwaseAfrika (African Development Indicators - ADI), kwicandelo lezobalo kwiBhanki Yehlabathi. Olu phando lusekelwe kumanani, lusebenzise indlela yokusebenza ngokuqikelela nekuthiwa yieconometrics estimation technique ukuze siphumeze iinjongo zaso zobalo olwaziwa ngokuba yiOLS regression. Esi sifundo saxhomekeka kwizibalo zikaDurbin-Watson ezifumaneka kubalo lweordinary least squares (OLS) regression ukuze lujongane nemiba yokuzilungisa. Ukuze simisele ulwalamano oluqhuba ixesha elide, kwasetyenziswa indlela yokuhlanganisa iinkcukacha zikaJohansen.
Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
47
Hnath, Martin. "Vztah mezi menovym kurzem a primymi zahranicnimi investicemi: empiricka evidence z rozvijejicich se zemi." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339596.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we provide an updated empirical evidence on the linkage between an exchange rate and foreign direct investments (FDI). On the sample of 40 developing countries receiving FDI flows from five developed OECD econo- mies, we analyse how the strength of exchange rates, exchange rate volatility and currency regime affect FDI. Applying the Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable approach over the analysed period from 1991 to 2010, we have not found unanimous support on the role of exchange rates in influencing FDI. In the thesis, we document that over the last two decades, bilateral exchange rate volatility decreased and this can be assigned to its less-likely influence on FDI. In addition, based on the results of the analysis, we cannot confirm the wealth effect hypothesis that supposes an increase of FDI after real depreciation of developing country's currency. We ascribe this outcome to the development of average real exchange rates of developing countries that exhibited considerable strenghtening during the analysed period. We also find that de facto bilateral fixing of the currencies might be beneficial for FDI flows. The reasoning might lie in the reduction of transaction costs that is linked to credible exchange rates.