Academic literature on the topic 'Investments, Foreign Government policy Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Investments, Foreign Government policy Australia"
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Mulyadi, Martin Surya, Maya Safira Dewi, Yunita Anwar, and Hanggoro Pamungkas. "Indonesian And Australian Tax Policy Implementation In Food And Agriculture Industry." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v3i2.170.
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Tax policy is one of the most important policy in consideration of investment development in certain industry. Research by Newlon (1987), Swenson (1994) and Hines (1996) concluded that tax rate is one of the most important thing considered by investors in a foreign direct investment. One of tax policy could be used to attract foreign direct investment is income tax incentives. The attractiveness of income tax incentives to a foreign direct investment is as much as the attractiveness to a domestic investment (Anwar and Mulyadi, 2012).
In this paper, we have conducted a study of income tax incentives in food and agriculture industry; where we conduct a thorough study of income tax incentives and corporate performance in Indonesian and Australian food and agriculture industry. Our research show that there is a significant influence of income tax incentives to corporate performance. Based on our study, we conclude that the significant influence of income tax incentives to Indonesian corporate performance somewhat in a higher degree than the Australian peers. We have also concluded that Indonesian government provide a relatively more interesting income tax incentives compare to Australian government. However, an average method of net income –a method applied in Australia– could be considered by Indonesian government to avoid a market price fluctuation in this industry.
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Mulyadi, Martin Surya, Maya Safira Dewi, Yunita Anwar, and Hanggoro Pamungkas. "Indonesian And Australian Tax Policy Implementation In Food And Agriculture Industry." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v3i1.170.
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<p>Tax policy is one of the most important policy in consideration of investment development in certain industry. Research by Newlon (1987), Swenson (1994) and Hines (1996) concluded that tax rate is one of the most important thing considered by investors in a foreign direct investment. One of tax policy could be used to attract foreign direct investment is income tax incentives. The attractiveness of income tax incentives to a foreign direct investment is as much as the attractiveness to a domestic investment (Anwar and Mulyadi, 2012). In this paper, we have conducted a study of income tax incentives in food and agriculture industry; where we conduct a thorough study of income tax incentives and corporate performance in Indonesian and Australian food and agriculture industry. Our research show that there is a significant influence of income tax incentives to corporate performance. Based on our study, we conclude that the significant influence of income tax incentives to Indonesian corporate performance somewhat in a higher degree than the Australian peers. We have also concluded that Indonesian government provide a relatively more interesting income tax incentives compare to Australian government. However, an average method of net income –a method applied in Australia– could be considered by Indonesian government to avoid a market price fluctuation in this industry.</p>
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Rimmer, Susan Harris. "Australian experiments in creative governance, regionalism, and plurilateralism." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 71, no. 4 (December 2016): 630–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702016686383.
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The previous Abbott government had prioritized a general attitude to foreign policy captured by the phrase “Jakarta not Geneva,” which signified a preference for bilateral or minilateral interactions with the region rather than United Nations-based multilateralism. With Julie Bishop MP as Australia’s first female foreign minister, the Coalition also prioritized economic diplomacy, as exemplified by the repeated refrain that Australia is “open for business.” This approach led to a preference for diplomatic venues and processes that focused on continuing investments in regional architecture, new emphasis on minilateral dialogues such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Turkey, and Australia (MIKTA), and more effort directed to bilateral and plurilateral processes such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade negotiations. This approach has been continued under Prime Minister Turnbull, with a renewed focus on innovation. Part 1 considers minilateral and regional investments in the Indo-Pacific region, primarily, IORA, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). I consider MIKTA a unique vehicle for Australian diplomacy. Part 2 considers what issues Australia should be pursuing through these forums, with a focus on the two themes of gender equality (as an example of niche diplomacy) and trade (multilateralism under pressure) as case studies. Beeson and Higgott argue that middle powers have the potential to successfully implement “games of skill,” especially at moments of international transition. How skilful have Australia’s efforts been in these minilateral dialogues, enhanced regionalism, and plurilateral processes, and what more can be achieved in these forums? Are these efforts creating more fragmentation of the rules-based order, or are they a way to overcome global governance stalemates? I set out the arguments for whether Australia, as a pivotal power, should generate more global options, or be more focused on inclusion in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Johnston, Judy. "Assessing Government’s Performance Management Capability: the Case of the Australian Electricity Industry." International Review of Administrative Sciences 70, no. 1 (March 2004): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852304041235.
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When governments open up opportunities for private investment in traditional public sector areas, it is increasingly clear that a useful range of performance management information needs to be available to both government and business. Government needs to know how it is performing, comparatively, within and beyond its own domain, for the development of public policy and productivity enhancement. Business needs to know, understand and monitor the industry environment in which investment is contemplated or has already taken place. Performance measurement and monitoring is especially important where governments wish to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to their shores. Whether governments manage performance and information well or are still constrained by bureaucratic and political thinking is still at issue. Using the example of the contrived national electricity market in Australia, this article, through literature and document review, examines the likely value to government and business of performance information, now available in the public domain. First, the article considers some of the changes to the Australian electricity industry. Second, specific performance indicators relevant to the national electricity market are examined in terms of their utility for government and business decision-making. Third, the impact of the political environment on performance management information is explored. The article concludes that while some important quantitative performance management information is available in a rational sense, other more political, qualitative indicators also need to be taken into account.
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Trakman, Leon E. "Investor State Arbitration or Local Courts: Will Australia Set a New Trend?" Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 1 (February 1, 2012): 83–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012004.
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The Australian Government announced in April 2011 that it will no longer include arbitration clauses in its investment treaties but will provide that investment disputes between foreign investors and host states be heard by the domestic courts of those host states instead. This statement reflects doubts by a developed state about the efficiency of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in general and investment arbitration in particular. It also raises the question whether other countries will follow particular strategies to suit their discrete needs. One ramification is that resource wealthy states will make tactical decisions, such as entering into BITs only with capital exporting countries, as South Africa has declared. Another is whether developed states will avoid concluding BITs with developing countries whose domestic court systems are unknown or mistrusted. Yet another issue is how a policy statement, such as enunciated by Australia, will impact on its ability to attract foreign investment while protecting its national interests and also its investors abroad. This article deals with these issues, highlighting the significance of competing dispute resolution options in addressing the issues.
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Van Hoa, Tran, Lindsay Turner, and Jo Vu. "Economic impact of Chinese tourism on Australia." Tourism Economics 24, no. 6 (April 23, 2018): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618769077.
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China’s trade, tourism and limited foreign direct investment (FDI) to Australia have been regarded as playing an important part in Australia’s growth and prosperity in recent years. In spite of the fact that these activities are the three principal growth determinants in modern economic integration theory, growth studies based on this theory’s structural framework, while highly appropriate, have hardly been undertaken. This article proposes to fill the gap by formally developing an endogenous causal model of simultaneous growth and tourism for policy analysis. In this model, trade, FDI and tourism are specified as the main contributing factors to growth. Simultaneously, gravity theory (including growth) and the Ironmonger–Lancaster new consumer demand theory determine tourism, while ‘economic conditionality’ potentially affecting both growth and tourism in the sense of Johansen is recognized and incorporated. The model is then applied to Australian and Chinese data for the important post-Japanese tourist boom period 1992–2015, to provide substantive findings on three questions: the impact of Chinese tourism to Australia, Chinese tourism determination and the effects of Chinese trade and key macroeconomic indicators on Australian economic growth. Significant policy implications are then developed for use by government tourism planners and policymakers.
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Greenstock, Jeremy. "Reorienting Foreign Policy." National Institute Economic Review 250 (November 2019): R34—R39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011925000115.
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Executive SummaryAfter Brexit, the UK must show that it has a voice. It will need to re-earn international respect, and in particular establish the concept of a ‘global Britain’ on the basis of performance, not rhetoric. That means re-establishing a strong network of relationships around the world in support of its security and economic health, but also continuing to play a leading role in support of the international rules-based order. For example, it should make the most of its continuing status as a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council to act as a problem-solver and system-enhancer in the collective interest.An early, first-order priority will be establishing a new, mutually beneficial partnership with the European Union, which continues to form our economic and political neighbourhood. Reconstructing a modern relationship with the United States is not secondary to that, but cannot substitute for it and must be undertaken in recognition of the differing interests and instincts of the two sides. A further challenge is building the right relationship with China based on mutual interest in trade, peace, and international respect and on confronting expansionist or opportunistic practices. With Russia, too, it is possible to design a predictable set of behaviours on either side, and with both countries good communication channels will need to be maintained.Brexit gives the UK the scope to construct a more deliberate diplomatic approach to the rest of the English-speaking world than was explicitly possible as an EU member – notably in working with Canada, Australia and New Zealand to promote the international rules-based order. But this should be complemented by more effective outreach to non-English-speaking countries, notably in support of trade and investment opportunities with emerging nations. But with them as with all the UK's interlocutors, the need to earn its place, and to show that it realises that, will be vital.In defence and security, the UK will continue in its commitment to the strength of NATO as its essential alliance under US leadership, while also liaising carefully with EU Member States as they seek to improve their own capacities to contribute to European security. But it cannot simply rely on old institutional structures. It needs to lead, for example by playing a stronger role in the control of non-military forms of aggression, such as cyber warfare, economic sanctions, rivalry in space, and commercial espionage.A strategy for realising the UK's interests in the international arena will require the Prime Minister's constant attention, but also a specific mandate for a very senior minister to supervise the interlinked policy areas of foreign affairs, international development, and international trade within a single government department.
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Epper, Mark, and John Charters. "THE ENVIRONMENT FOR RAISING FUNDS FOR PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN THE 1990s." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90040.
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Private shareholders' equity has traditionally funded greenfield exploration programs in Australia in the 1980s. In the next decade junior exploration companies will again need to rely on funding from both current and potential shareholders. However, the major difference between the 1980s and the 1990s will be the level of difficulty for companies seeking to raise funds. Recent events have sapped potential investor confidence, particularly private investors, and notably, in oil and gas exploration companies.The recent events in the Middle East and the need for some degree of energy self-sufficiency make investment in oil exploration essential for Australia right now. Exploration requires substantial amounts of risk capital which, at this time, is not flowing from traditional sources. Rather, we are seeing a concentration of ownership in the hands of financial institutions and a handful of producing companies and foreign multinationals. It is essential for the Federal Government to recognise the need to offer further incentives to encourage the private sector to invest in exploration companies. In this paper we suggest that the most effective mechanism for such incentives is through some minor modifications to the Australian taxation system.The oil exploration industry must pursue Government in a co-ordinated manner for assistance in raising funds particularly as the requirement for action is urgent. Industry bodies, such as the Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Ltd (APEA) have recently petitioned the Federal Government with recommendations but the Government has failed to accept these proposals on the grounds that they are inconsistent with present tax policy. If this is the case it is time present policy was changed.Clearly, all exploration companies will take whatever action is possible to raise funds for exploration and not simply look in vain for government salvation by handout. However, in the interests of Australian national security, the government has a responsibility to encourage and foster oil and gas exploration.Since planning for this paper commenced in July 1990, oil prices have leapt from US$18 to approximately US$40 per barrel. Should prices such as these (not experienced since the early 1980s) continue, it will make investment in exploration companies more attractive to all investors while at the same time it will test severely the endurance of the equity market generally.
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King, Demus. "2015 Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release." APPEA Journal 55, no. 1 (2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14006.
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The oil and gas sector is a key contributor to the Australian economy, contributing $30.8 billion in commodity export earnings in 2013–14 (Department of Industry and Science, 2015). Underpinning future growth in the value of oil and gas to the Australian economy is the almost $200 billion of investment in seven LNG projects under construction. Australia relies on foreign capital to continue to explore for, and develop, its natural resources. New challenges and opportunities are arising for the sector. Increased international competition, advancing technology, and increasing risks and volatile costs associated with the development of fields are features of the current offshore operating environment. Australia’s legislative and policy settings must be sufficiently robust and flexible to support the continued development of Australia’s offshore resources into the future. To this end, the Australian Government is undertaking a high-level strategic review of the resource management framework for offshore petroleum resources in Commonwealth waters. The review will test the robustness of the policy, legal and regulatory regime to ensure the framework remains flexible enough to keep pace with the evolving environment and continues to attract investment. The annual Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release facilitates new investment in offshore petroleum exploration. The 2015 Acreage Release is accompanied by an updated exploration guideline. The guideline increases flexibility in permit management and clarifies competitive work program bidding expectations and good standing as well as providing more flexibility in the way good standing agreements may be discharged. This will enable industry to undertake exploration with increased autonomy and reduce the administrative burden. It accommodates changing technological capacity and encourages increased exploration in Australia’s offshore waters.
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Salem, Saber. "Chinese Foreign Aid to Fiji: Threat or Opportunity." China Report 56, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520916875.
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China’s political, economic and cultural influence is steadily rising in Fiji and the Pacific region as a whole. The Sino–Fiji cooperation deepened at multiple levels after the Fijian military assumed power through a coup d’état and removed the civilian government from power in late 2006. This ‘undemocratic behaviour’ infuriated the two regional powers—Australia and New Zealand who then applied sanctions on Fiji, particularly the military brass, and encouraged their counterparts as well as multilateral aid organisations to ‘punish’ Fiji’s military ‘regime’. The military government in order to derail the impact of sanctions from its traditional donors adopted the ‘Look North Policy’, which was opening cooperation with China and attracting Chinese investment in Fiji. China welcomed the friendship gesture and furnished Fiji with financial assistance. This Chinese friendship was also due to Taiwanese involvement in the region, which was providing aid for diplomatic recognition and support at the UN. The ‘microstates’ hold about 7 per cent of UN votes. Both China and Taiwan need their votes at multilateral organisations and given that these microstates are mostly aid-dependent economies, initiated an era of Chequebook diplomacy, which is basically money for diplomatic recognition in the case of Taiwan or acceptance of One China Policy in the case of China. The microstates have time and again switched between China and Taiwan and played one against the other to get more aid money out of their diplomatic rivalry. The Sino–Taiwan aid competition in the Pacific forced US to make a strong comeback and ensure that China under the pretext of denying Taiwan space in the region actually spies on the US activities in the region. As a result, the US and its regional allies have significantly increased their foreign aid to the island nations in order to coax them to diminish their level of financial dependence on China. So far, they have not been successful enough and China’s aid package has gone far beyond the level US is giving. Today, China is the second largest donor to the region and largest financier to Fiji. Fiji has become the ace in this game as it is the regional hub of the Pacific Island states. Bearing the current high level of aid competition between traditional and emerging donors in mind, it is too early to judge whether Chinese aid will cause more harm to Fiji than benefit or vice versa. It also entirely depends on the Fijian government as to how much it relies on Chinese aid and how clean Chinese are with their soft loans. China has been blamed for not being clear and specific about the terms and conditions of its concessional loans. This vagueness and secrecy that is associated with Chinese aid been a cause for concern, especially among traditional donors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Investments, Foreign Government policy Australia"
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Chapman, Paul. "The policy implications of Japanese foreign direct investment in Australia /." Title page, synopsis and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4662.pdf.
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Moeti, Kabelo Boikutso. "Rationalization of government structures concerned with foreign direct investment policy in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092005-134019.
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Sadleir, Christopher. "On the Frontier : Australia's policy approach to foreign direct investment 1968 - 2004 as a case study in globalisation, national public policy and public administration /." full text via ADT database, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20080304.145454/index.html.
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Chesami, Mbah Emmanuel. "The role of government in the attraction of foreign direct investment: a case study of South Africa and Cameroon." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study examined economic and government policies of South Africa on the one hand and that of Cameroon on the other hand. The focus was on specific periods after democratisation of both countries. For South Africa from 1994-2004 and for Cameroon from 1992-2004. Their comparatives economic strength in the face of foreign direct investment flow and the impact of government in attracting foreign direct investment was measured.
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李良柱 and Jeremy Edward Lee. "An examination of government investment incentives and disincentives: the case of Vietnam." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266617.
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Luna, Bernardo D. "Investment opportunities in the Mexican financial markets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64291.pdf.
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Chen, Chunlai. "Foreign direct investment in China : determinants, origins and impacts /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc5178.pdf.
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Lin, Ling, and 林灵. "The effectiveness and legitimacy of investment incentive regime in China: dilemmas of state intervention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533757.
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While investment incentives are increasingly employed by the developing economies, the vast amount of literature has failed to reach a consensus on the role of incentive regimes. A fundamental problem with the previous econometric studies is that they assume a mature market condition, under which the government should remain outside FDI competition. However, in reality, most developing countries lack a mature market and market-oriented regulatory institutions. This thesis adds to the conventional wisdom by examining whether and how Chinese investment incentive regimes have been successful in harnessing FDI during the last three decades. Like many developing economies, China is still in the process of building a market economy. The striking ability of China to attract FDI with numerous incentives presents a meaningful laboratory for examining the role of investment incentives.
In contrast to most previous economic studies, this thesis does not attempt to examine the economic mechanisms of investment incentives. The basic presumption of this thesis is that incentive measures are instrument of state intervention with designed policy goals. A policy-oriented approach has thus been adopted, under which the role of investment incentives is examined against precisely defined policy objectives in a particular policy context. In China’s case, the efficacy of investment incentives is shown by a strategic and dynamic correlation between the investment incentive regime and its achieved development goals. In the given policy context, their functions cannot be replaced by more desirable instruments due to the political and economic constraints.
Besides the economic evaluation, the study adds the legal dimension of evaluation on investment incentives. From a legal perspective, the regulatory space for developing countries is increasingly defined by the international legal regime. Investment incentives should be framed in a way to balance national interests and the level of protection required for foreign investment. The evolution of China’s incentive regime presents a good example to integrate global consensus with domestic imperatives. By unifying its income tax system, China adopted an incentive regime generally consistent with its WTO commitments and could be utilized to its advantages.
However, serious problems inherent in the incentive system have already emerged in China, which may hamper its economic development in the long run. The thesis shows that the state’s capacity to channel FDI towards development goals is declining, as its intrusiveness has given way to arbitrariness. A top-down approach deprives foreign investors of their channels to communicate their opinions to the policymakers. The local arbitrariness and corruption in incentive implementation will compound the problem and hinder the inflows of high quality foreign investment.
The thesis then proposes that the investment incentive regime in China needs to be upgraded into a more legalized system with non-discrimination, transparency, coherence and an effective monitoring mechanism as its central features. The legalization process would help to alleviate the negative effects of investment incentives. In the absence of a political infrastructure compatible with a rules-based system, the Chinese government needs to start with redefining the government-business relationship with a legal framework and reinforcing an independent judicial system.published_or_final_version
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Cortés, Martha. "Analysis of the pursuit of Mexico's foreign direct investment objectives, through the signature of bilateral and multilater agreements." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31154.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key element in achieving progress. In a world with increasing competition for capital, it is mandatory for countries to develop different mechanisms to attract FDI. Mexico is an example of a developing country that in recent years has greatly benefited from FDI. This trend results from this country's development of a number of mechanisms on both the domestic and the international scene promoting this type of investment. Along with the investment openings being fostered on the domestic scene, Mexico has been conducting international efforts to reach FDI objectives. It has entered into a number of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) as well as Bilateral and Regional Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). The most important goals achieved by this country encouraging the reception of FDI are the preferential trade agreements signed with the two biggest markets in the world, North America and the European Union. Mexico's participation in the WTO represents one of its efforts to establish lateral ties to achieve its FDI objectives. The fact that there is a relationship between trade and investment has been established.
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Roehrig, Michael Franz. "Government policy and Sino-foreign joint venture operations the role of local bargaining in policy implementation in contemporary China /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29741561.html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Investments, Foreign Government policy Australia"
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Council, Ontario Economic, ed. FIRA and FIRB: Canadian and Australian policies on foreign direct investment. Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1985.
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Marzouk, G. A. Deregulation and macroeconomic policy in Australia. Kensington, NSW, Australia: Centre for Applied Economic Research, University of New South Wales, 1990.
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Zimbabwe. Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning, and Development. The promotion of investment: Policy and regulations. Harare: Zimbabwe Investment Centre, Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning, and Development, 1989.
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European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Municipal development operations policy. [London]: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1992.
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1944-, Young Stephen, ed. Multinationals and public policy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub., 2004.
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Pant, Manoj. Foreign direct investment in India: The issues involved. New Delhi: Lancers Books, 1995.
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Globerman, Steven. Canadian government policies toward inward foreign direct investment. [Ottawa]: Industry Canada, 1998.
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Sunshine, Russell B. Managing foreign investment: Lessons from Laos. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Center, 1995.
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Hirshhorn, Ronald. Industry Canada's foreign investment research: Messages and policy implications. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1997.
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Canada, Canada Industry. Canadian government policies toward inward foreign direct investment. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Investments, Foreign Government policy Australia"
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Ali, Muhammad Mahboob. "Bilateral Cooperation Between Australia and Bangladesh in Diverse Areas." In Strategic Cooperation and Partnerships Between Australia and South Asia, 117–45. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8657-0.ch006.
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This chapter discussed the multi- sectoral bilateral cooperation between Australia and Bangladesh during and post-COVID-19-related to interregional trade, foreign investment, ready-made-garments export, education, blue economy, microfinance, tourism, renewable energy, and finally, fulfillment of targets of SDGs. How do diverse areas of bilateral cooperation between Bangladesh and Australia become more efficient and effective in resource utilization and bring socio-economic benefits? Advancement in economic cooperation in both the countries may be improved from trade and investment, enhancement of education using Australian model, improvement and enhancement in energy, blue economy, education, health, and RMG sector. Australian partnership will be helpful for government agencies, policy makers, and associated stakeholders of Bangladesh for future improvements and development interventions in diverse multisector areas. Emphasis needs to be given to ecofriendly sustainability as suggested by the author to meet the climate change and sustainability goals.
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Obaji, Nkem Okpa, Aslan Amat Senin, and Mercy Uche Olugu. "Supportive Government Policy as a Mechanism for Business Incubation Performance in Nigeria." In Foreign Direct Investments, 418–34. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch017.
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Business incubation programme has been adopted by numerous countries globally. Its adoption has been related to its performance and actual contribution to entrepreneurship development. Studies have acknowledged the role of incubation programme to different spheres of national economy. In spite of the positive side of incubator model, there is still a contradiction concerning incubation performance in the developing countries, especially, Nigeria. This study aims to examine the contribution of government policy on the relationship between the critical success factors (CSFs) and incubator performance in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample size of 153 respondents from a population of 253 incubatees. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) software was used to analyze the data. Government policy as a moderator did not show a significant moderation relationship between the CSFs and incubator performance. The study recommends that future studies should integrate this quantitative approach of data collection with the qualitative method. Also, as the value of the coefficient of determination is 46%, future research should look at other factors which may likely increase the variation in performance explained by (or accounted for by) the variation in the CSFs.
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Bhattacheryay, Suranjan. "Foreign Direct Investment in India Opportunities and Challenges." In Foreign Direct Investments, 937–59. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch039.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the dispersal and optimisation of resource packages like human, financial, knowledge, physical and reputational resources. The motivational factors such as natural resources, market resources, strategic resources, efficiency resources, locational advantages, etc., influenced Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) to perform various activities in the host countries. MNEs internationalise business mainly to acquire intangible assets and for balancing resources which they do not possess. India is in receipt of continuous capital flow due to favourable policy management and a strong business environment. Globally, Indian corporations continually display significantly better equity earnings over other countries both developed and emerging. The Government of India is very keen in simplifying FDI rules with an ultimate aim to attract more investors with zero hazards.
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Malhotra, Madhuri. "Foreign Direct Investment Opportunities in Infrastructure Development." In Foreign Direct Investments, 225–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch010.
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India's rising growth trajectory requires rapidly expanding infrastructure facilities to support it. The availability of efficient infrastructure services is an important determinant of the pace of market development and output growth. Access to affordable infrastructure services for consumption purposes serves to improve household welfare, particularly among the poor. The potential contribution of infrastructure to economic growth and poverty reduction has not been fully realized, and existing infrastructure stock and services fall far short of the requirements. The Government recognises the fact that domestic resources alone may not be adequate to sustain the required expansion in infrastructure, and hence it has followed a strategy to create incentives for Foreign Direct Investment in infrastructure sector. This study examines the current state of infrastructure in emerging India, use of FDI is infrastructure sector and policy measures to be taken up to speed up infrastructure growth in India.
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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. "Education, or ‘part of our foreign policy’?: At war in Vietnam." In Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies, 109–29. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0007.
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By the early 1960s the original Fulbright Agreement had expired and a new one was negotiated, as a binational agreement with the Australian government providing equal funding. This was signed in 1964, in the context of increasing miliitary intervention in the war in Vietnam by both the US and Australia. Under the ANZUS and SEATO treaties, signed the previous decade, Australia was a keen ally of the US in Vietnam. The Fulbright program and the Australia-US Alliance were pursued simultaneously by the Australian government. Senator Fulbright visited Australia, criticised the Alliance and became a leading dissenter to the Vietnam War. Academics on educational exchange also became active in the anti-war movement.
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Kittilaksanawong, Wiboon, and Weiqi Dai. "Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Africa." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 246–60. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9601-3.ch011.
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China has rapidly expanded outward foreign direct investments through its remarkable economic growth and the ‘go global' policy. The country has extended aids to developing countries particularly in Africa. The Chinese approach for aid in the region is built on the principles of unconditionality, which do not explicitly require political openness, strong economic and management practices, good human rights performance, or environmentally responsible policies on the part of recipient governments. Such principles are welcomed by the African states. However, their overall successful development is linked to the long-term substantial institutional reforms. This chapter addresses the rising debates on the Chinese approach to aid and investment in Africa. The chapter includes discussion on the political economy of China and its motivations for investment in the continent, the bargaining process for investment opportunities between the two governments, and the dilemmas of Chinese engagement in Africa. Implications for managers and policy makers are provided in the last section.
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Aszkielowicz, Dean. "Japan and Australia, 1944–1946." In The Australian Pursuit of Japanese War Criminals, 1943-1957. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390724.003.0002.
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When the Second World War ended, the Australian government sought to establish the country as a major player in regional diplomacy. An early focus of Australia’s new and energetic foreign policy agenda was regional security, and in particular, bringing Japan to account for the war. After some early frustrations with its major allies, the Australian government was given several key roles in the Occupation of Japan. The Occupation began with the goals of democratizing and reforming Japan, and prosecuting war criminals was a key part of this early agenda. Meanwhile in Australia, the public demanded the government begin a resolute process of bringing war criminals to justice.
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Papaioannou, Michael G., and George P. Tsetsekos. "Developing the Financial Infrastructure in an Emerging Market Economy." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 87–100. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-709-1.ch007.
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This chapter examines the role of credit rating agencies in capital-market development and on the conduct of monetary policy. Rating agencies in developed capital markets provide quality certification to issuers, while their role in emerging capital markets is mainly to enhance informational efficiency in the marketplace. The authors highlight some indirect macroeconomic consequences from the presence of a rating agency, including its monetary surveillance role and the positive implications for foreign investments. The chapter also outlines the conditions for an effective rating agency in an emerging market economy, discusses the benefits of security ratings to constituencies, and proposes a scenario for a rating agency’s design. The collaboration of regulators, central bankers, and issuers is especially critical to the success of a rating agency.
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Khatri, Rita Naraindas. "The Comparative Study of the FDI in India and China in Retail Sector." In Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and Opportunities for Developing Economies in the World Market, 142–68. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3026-8.ch008.
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Every economy across the globe is developing at a rapid pace. Offshore investment opportunities have not only transformed some of the business sectors like infrastructure, technology, media, and telecommunication, but it has also brought some dynamic changes in the life style and shopping preference of the consumers. One such sector that has diverted the attention of the mass is the retail sector. Over the last few years, retail sector has experienced drastic transformation. Some countries are well developed while others are emerging in the retail sector. India and China are among the top developing countries attracting huge foreign direct investment. China follows open investment policy and has liberalized the investment for foreign players while India adopted conservative investment policy with strong government involvement. Retail growth in India is very slow as compared to China. Therefore, this chapter attempts to highlight the economy of India and China and has compared some of the parameters of the economy to reflect the difference in the growth in India and China.
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Dale, Peter, and John McLaughlin. "Policy Issues in Land Administration." In Land Administration. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233909.003.0014.
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Land administration strategies and processes need to be structured within a broad policy framework, the shape of which will depend on the jurisdiction concerned. A common thread between systems will be the promotion of economic development, social justice and equity, political stability, and environmentally sustainable development. The processes of re-engineering, total quality management, and other management reforms discussed in Chapter 9 were originally designed for use in the private sector so that organizations could respond better to the demands of the market place. More recently, they have increasingly been adopted by public sector administrators who have been forced to respond to the market oriented approach and hence have been required to upgrade land administration systems. In the United States the processes of re-engineering have been packaged under such labels as ‘entrepreneurial government’ and ‘reinventing government’ and were addressed in the National Performance Review (known as the Gore Commission) which had a mandate to ‘re-invent and to reinvigorate the entire national government’. The ideas were picked up by many other governments—from Australia to the UK (Butler 1994), the Netherlands to New Zealand, and Singapore to Sweden-regardless of party or ideology. Although reinventing government means different things to different people, it has generally entailed: 1. restructuring the way government services are organized; 2. developing new strategies and processes for managing government services (for instance, simplifying administrative programmes); 3. empowering the recipients of public services. As with the private sector, a crucial component of reinventing government has been the effective use of information technology (IT). Governments in general have only recently begun to review their national information strategies and to develop new ways in which they deliver services to citizens and businesses. Over the past few years, IT has changed the way that many people live through the creation of new products and services. Examples include the use of credit and debit cards, the ability to withdraw cash from a ‘hole in the wall’ even in a foreign country, the mobile phone and fax machine, and access to information on the Internet. Information technology now makes it possible for citizens and businesses to deal directly with government agencies if they so wish (UK Government 1996).
Conference papers on the topic "Investments, Foreign Government policy Australia"
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Noyan Yalman, İlkay, Mutlu Türkoğlu, and Yalçın Yalman. "Small and Medium Sizes Enterprises (SMEs) and Foreign Trade Policy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01207.
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A high level of a country’s foreign trade is related to the growth of foreign earnings, to the acceleration of investments, to increase employment and contributes significantly to the growth of the country's economy. In this context, SMEs as one of the mile stones of the economy, foreign trade and economic growth are located in the leading roles. Especially SMEs sufficiently developed oppressed against strong opponents abroad, government policies or practices in trade restrictive policies are some of the reasons for this downside.
SMEs that exports goods, or the infrastructure needed to produce goods for SMEs who import raw materials as well as the country's foreign trade policies and developments in the world economy is important. SMEs to follow the development, recognizing competitors, new markets, new products is very important in terms of growth both business and the countries.
In this study, SMEs engaged in foreign trade in Sivas Province performing an application on in terms of both the business and government policy at the local level status will be examined. Data will be obtained on issues such as ultimately foreign trade potential of existing SMEs while doing foreign trade problems they face, strengths and weaknesses, market policies at national and international levels, the opinions about the state's foreign trade policy. The results obtained from the data on SMEs engaged in foreign trade by making general inferences about the data obtained on a micro scale, will allow making inferences on the macro scale.
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Bal, Harun, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa, and Esma Erdoğan. "The Foreign Debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02622.
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The growing levels of external debt in developing countries are increasingly a worldwide problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where the expanding portfolio of foreign debts, debt servicing rates, and debt overhang cause alarm and global concern. The likelihood of relatively good outcomes of the interaction between external debt and economic growth is based on the government's attempts to maintain a sustainable debt-to-GDP ratio, a low budget deficit, and that the external debt is utilized primarily for capital investments. Under other conditions, the government would confront a circumstance in which accumulated foreign debt levels stifle economic progress, particularly when debt levels rise over time and are poorly managed. In this context, this study aims to examine the association between foreign debt and economic growth in Sub Sahara African countries during the period from 1980 to 2019. The study employed the Dynamic Panel Threshold Regression analysis to investigate the differential impact of foreign debt on economic growth below and above a threshold. The empirical results highlight the existence of a nonlinear relationship between foreign debt on economic growth above the debt threshold during the examined period. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; Sub Sahara African governments should use solid methods of generating domestic income to supplement outside sources of funding, such as the inclusion of domestic informal businesses on a shared cutting-edge platform to ensure successful domestic revenue collection.
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İsmayilov, Ramin. "Integration Processes of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the World Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02435.
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The article deals with the economic development characteristics of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the natural resources and production of Azerbaijan. After the independence, the policy of the new market economy followed by the Azerbaijani state and government and plans of how the developed countries will integrate their economic practice will be examined. With the new investments in the country and the introduction of the products to be produced in the world markets, the steps and plans to strengthen the economic relations with the world will be discussed. The role of Azerbaijan in the world economy, its foreign-economic relations with other states and continents were analyzed extensively. Proposals have been made to further develop and upgrade existing economic relations.
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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "Effects of Global Economic Crisis on Kyrgyzstan Economy and Developments in Economic Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00239.
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The global crisis which started in September 2008 adversely affected many global economies and also Kyrgyzstan economy. Kyrgyzstan economy which declined and experienced a severe recession in 2009 due to the crisis started recovering from the adverse effects of the crisis after 2010. What lie beneath this positive development is increased foreign exchange revenues abroad and vigor experienced in construction industry and industrial production. The recovery experienced in economies of Russia and neighbor Kazakhstan resulted in increased exports and thus increased revenues in foreign currencies obtained from foreign countries. The political disturbances experienced in Bishkek in April 2011 and ethnic conflicts experienced in southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2011, created an adverse effect on the economy. The crisis resulted in degradation of investment environment, adversely influenced the foreign investments and increased the current account deficit. These developments adversely influenced the banking sector too. The government attempted to diminish effects of the crisis through financial incentives. The budget deficit emerged as a result of crisis was attempted to be closed through support secured from International Monetary Fund (IMF). IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank lent great support to invigorating Kyrgyzstan economy after events of April and July. According to IMF, if political instability goes on in Kyrgyzstan in medium and long term, economic problems shall continue. Uncertainties in banking sector are amongst the main factors which increase the economic risks. Recovery of Kyrgyzstan economy is dependent on medium term financial policy measures to be applied to the economy and balancing the foreign trade.
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Karunarathna, T. A. D. C. D., P. Sridarran, and M. Gowsiga. "Electricity generation through municipal solid waste in Sri Lanka: Drivers and barriers." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.34.
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The rapid increase in population and urbanisation has led to an increase in per capita consumption and the generation of waste. Thus, the need of having improved management strategies for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has aroused. Waste to Energy (WtE) was a concept that came up as a solution for waste management and as an ideal solution for energy crises as well. WtE is a process of generating energy mainly in terms of electricity and heat by giving MSW as the input where it will become the fuel for this process. Most countries like Denmark, England, Australia, etc. use this as a successful Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) strategy and as a sustainable energy producing mechanism too. But, in Sri Lankan WtE has become unsuccessful in many instances due to the influence of barriers to implementing WtE mega-scale projects. Thus, this study aims to explore existing barriers in light of expanding WtE projects in Sri Lanka. In addition, it proposes strategies to mitigate those barriers. Data was collected through expert interviews and manual content analysis was used for data analysis. Some identified key barriers and strategies in the frame of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental are lack of having government infrastructure, high initial investments, social burdens, lack of technical knowledge on WtE, disposal of bottom and fly ash as barriers and providing infrastructure by the government, introducing debt financing, social awareness, getting foreign technical experts, using bottom ash and fly ash to produce some necessary bi-products as strategies.
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Tsintsadze, Asie, Irina Vashakmadze, Irina Tavadze, and Lilit Meloyan-Phutkaradze. "Analysis of the Financial Market as a Driving Force of the Regional Economy in the Conditions of pre- and post – Pandemic." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.025.
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The pandemic has negatively affected the financial sector, as well as the real sector of the economy, both losses and credit risks in the financial market have increased on the background of the economic activity slowed-down. In 2019, the credit activity was high, however after the spread of the virus the activity slowed down significantly. This is natural, as due to the suspension of production –organizing, the unemployment has increased. Volume of the direct foreign investments has decreased by 42 %. Government of Georgia has developed an anti-crisis plan, important part of which is about the mitigation of deteriorated living conditions caused by the unemployment, whereas the National Bank of Georgia has pursued monetary and fiscal policies for the purpose of mitigation of negative influence of COVID-19 on the country’s financial sector and for the stimulation of the country's economy. In general, saving the business is considered as a priority. The current situation in the banking, insurance and stock markets and their role in the fight for maintaining the economic stability are analysed in the present article. It is important to note that, the insurance sector is the part of the economic, which did not need financial assistance in a difficult situation, but due to the common socio-economic situation, diseases caused by the stressful conditions of the population, it was necessary to make significant changes in the list of the insurance services. This, to the extent had led to some unforeseen costs, which had affected the financial conditions of the companies. According to the evaluation of the credit rating company -Fitch, the trustworthy policy implemented by the National Bank of Georgia, had played an important role in the maintenance of the financial stability and Georgian sovereign rating remained unchanged, at BB level, however, what parameters and in what area was the rating maintained and how the positions of the main players in the financial market have been changed, are the main directions of the article's research.