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Journal articles on the topic 'Investment'
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1
Bagas Firmansyah, Mohammad Fajar Saputra, Hanif Dwi Hastungkara, and Maria Yovita R. Pandin. "The Influence of Investment Profitability and Investment Risk on Individual Investment Decisions." Finance : International Journal of Management Finance 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.62017/finance.v1i2.28.
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Investment is one way to gain profits and increase wealth, research on understanding investment risks to individual investments is very important to understand. Research on Understanding Investment Risk in Individual Investments aims to determine the extent to which individuals understand investment risk, as well as how investment risk influences individual investment decisions. The results obtained show that understanding investment risks has a very positive influence on individual investment decisions in order to get the desired results.
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Ptáček, Roman. "Capital-protected funds with fixing of realized appreciations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 6 (2005): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553060155.
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Capital-protected funds of collective investments can be adequate investment opportunity for higher risk aversion investors with lower liquidity requirements. These funds always guarantee mostly 100% investment recovery and an appreciation sometimes. It is provided by their investment strategy. The paper is focused on „Click“ funds. These funds do not build on values of underlying assets just on maturity; they allow fixing realized appreciations during duration of the funds. It means higher probability of investment’s appreciation.
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Suruchi Sharma. "Investment Avenues Choices of Indian Retail Investors: An Empirical Investigation." TEST Engineering & Management 82 (January 1, 2020): 17968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/testmagzine.v82.14574.
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This study looks into investor behavior to identify the finest investment possibilities in India. The goal of the investment portfolio is to help investors choose a portfolio of investments that will allow them to reach their financial goals within a given time frame. Investing can lead to more significant economic growth and prosperity by boosting individual wealth. Companies that can raise funds through financial markets benefit from the investing process. Some investments kinds offer additional advantages to the investor, the company, and society. The ideas of portfolio holdings, risk, and investment growth are familiar to Indian investors. The investment's guiding principle is "Prevention is better than Cure," which is predicted to result in higher earnings but lower risk. This essay will make the pertinent discovery that retail investors behave differently regarding financial investments. However, it will also highlight how their preferences for investment options regarding receiving a return on the invested amount vary depending on their knowledge and awareness of those options. The researcher had considered Indian retail investors know different investment avenues choices of Indian retail investors and found that investors choose recurring deposits, life insurance policies, and certificates of deposit with financial institutions and banks, Most Indians limit their investing options to risk-free ones like bank accounts and Individual investors continue to select investments with predictable returns and physical assets.
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Schill, Stephan W. "Illegal Investments in Investment Treaty Arbitration." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 11, no. 2 (2012): 281–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180312x640697.
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Abstract Investment treaty tribunals on numerous occasions have had to deal with the impact of breaches of domestic law by a foreign investor on the investment’s protection under an international investment treaty. In this context, tribunals had to interpret different “in accordance with host State law”-clauses contained in investment treaties, but also dealt with the effect of illegality in the absence of such clauses. The present article traces this increasingly complex jurisprudence and frames it as an issue of the relationship between domestic law and international investment law. Although different approaches exist, most importantly as to the effect of domestic illegality on the jurisdiction of investment treaty tribunals, the article suggests that there is considerable potential for convergence in arbitral jurisprudence, thus unveiling the contours of a doctrinal structure for dealing with illegal investments in international investment law and arbitration.
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Advent, Roni, Zulgani Zulgani, and Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor minyak kelapa sawit di Indonesia Tahun 2000-2019." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v9i1.13652.
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This research aims to analyze the development and contribution of the investment labor, and GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric, The research was using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The result of this study indicates that, during the period of 2008-2017investement, labor and GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric is experiencing developments that fluctuate, with an average of GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric 12,7 percent an annual, investmen 29,8 percent an annual and 2,6 percent to labor. Investmen contribution in the formation of the GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric an average 45,2 percent. From the results of the regression shows independent variables simultaneously investment and labor effect on the dependent variables. While a partial workforce affects the PDRB while investments are not over the period of 2008-2017 years.
Keywords : Investment, Labor, GDP mining sector
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Schanz, Sebastian, and Deborah Schanz. "The Income Tax Paradox." Intertax 38, Issue 3 (March 1, 2010): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2010018.
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In non-neutral tax systems, levying taxes may have a paradoxical effect on investments: An investment’s value increases due to taxation. The so-called income tax paradox occurs when an investment’s after-tax net present value exceeds the net present value before taxes. In this article, we explain reasons for this paradoxal effect and demonstrate the income tax paradox using numerical examples. We show that occurrence of the tax paradox depends on taxation of interest income in the country where the investment project is carried out. Depending on the tax system, investments that are profitable (unprofitable) on a pre-tax basis can be unprofitable (profitable) due to taxes. Thus, an optimal investment decision can only be made by taking taxes into account.
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Sushch, Olena. "Legal Characteristics of Special Investment Agreement." Law and innovations, no. 1 (41) (March 12, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2023-1(41)-6.
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Problem setting. An investment agreement is the most common form of establishing the rights and obligations of subjects of investment activity, but investment agreements do not have sufficient legal reasoning at the legislative level. The legislator is trying to improve the legal regulation of investment activity, which leads to the emergence of new contractual structures in the field of investment activity. Thus, an amendment to the investment legislation became the consolidation of the contractual structure «special investment agreement» in the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments», in connection with this, questions arise regarding: the correctness of the name of «special investment agreement». This question arises on the basis of the fact that the legislation does not contain a definition of the concept of «investment agreement», but there is a definition of a special investment agreement; the legal nature of relations arising on the basis of a special investment agreement, since the parties to the contractual obligations are subjects of public and private law; features of conclusion, execution, termination of a special investment agreement and liability of the parties for improper execution of contractual relations; scope of subjective rights and legal obligations of the subjects of contractual relations, since the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments» does not reflect the rights and obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement. All these issues require a theoretical and legal understanding. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The study of modern scientific publications on the problems of legal regulation of investment activities indicates the absence of scientific publications, the subject of which would be the study of the contractual construction of a special investment agreement. Target of the research is to analyze the legal regulation of the contractual construction of a special investment agreement. Article’s main body. The signs of a special investment agreement, which indicate its specificity, have been established. Among them: the purpose of the agreement is the implementation of an investment project with significant investments; state support for investment projects with significant investments and the specific composition of subjects of contractual relations (applicant, investor with significant investments and subjects of public law the state represented by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the territorial community). The specifics of concluding, amending and terminating a special investment agreement are defined. Conclusions and prospects for development. A special investment agreement is a complex contractual structure that contains elements of private-law and public-law nature of relations arising in connection with the implementation of investment projects with significant investments. Legal regulation of investment projects with significant investments and special investment agreements has the following disadvantages: statutory state support provided to investors with significant investments can be provided only to those investors whose significant investments in investment objects during the period of implementation of the investment project with significant investments exceed the amount equivalent to 20 million euros. Investors who do not meet these financial requirements cannot acquire the status of investor with significant investments and thus, state support; to implement an investment project with significant investments, it is necessary to create a new legal entity an investor with significant investments; The Law of Ukraine “On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments” does not establish the rights nor obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement. The lack of scientific works on the researched topic indicates the need for further study of the specifics of concluding, executing and terminating special investment agreements, their legal nature and the scope of rights and obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement.
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Guzhev, Dmitry A. "Expected accuracy range of the volume of investments in the form of capital investments." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 60 (2022): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/60/10.
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The subject of the study is the application of a variable approach to estimate the volume of investments required for the implementation of the investment project in the form of capital investments. The study considers domestic and foreign literature on the issue of exceeding the actual volume of investments spent on the creation of a facility over the planned volume of investments. In modern domestic conditions, the volume of investments required for the construction of the facility increases from the moment the customer makes a management decision to begin the implementation of the investment project at the stage of studying the feasibility of investments up to the commissioning of the facility, completed by construction and placing the newly created real estate object on accounting. The problem of exceeding the planned investment volume (overrun budget) for the construction of the facility is characteristic not only for domestic, but also for foreign practice of implementing investment projects. On the example of several objects put into operation, the variable approach to the assessment of the investment volume was analyzed. The concept of the expected accuracy range of determining the volume of investments in the form of capital investments is formulated and justified by calculations of its value, at various stages of the life cycle of the investment project. The author proposes to apply a variable approach in determining the planned investment volume for investment projects, including for calculating investment efficiency indicators. The proposed approach will allow: increasing the accuracy of estimating the required amount of investments for the implementation of an investment project; increasing the efficiency of investments in the form of capital investments starting from the stage of technology-economic justification of investments; among comprehensive measures, solving the problem of overrun budget – exceeding the actual volume of investment spent on the implementation of an investment project over the planned investment volume. In the course of further research, in the development of the author’ s proposals, it seems advisable to perform for a number of commissioned objects the calculation of investment efficiency indicators at the indicated stages of the investment project implementation (feasibility study of investments, approval of project documentation, actual costs after putting the object into operation) according to the methodology proposed by the author: using the estimated volume of investments and the marginal volume of investments when pessimistic, basic and optimistic investment performance should be assessed within the expected range of investment volume accuracy in the form of capital investments.
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Dukoski, Stojan, Ljubisa Zlatevski, and Katerina Dukoska. "STOCKS AS AN INVESTMENT OPTION FOR THE INVESTMENT FUNDS." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001153d.
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Financial innovations bring for the investors the new choices of investment but at the same time make the investment process and investment decisions more complicated, because even if the investors have a wide range of alternatives to invest they can‘t forgot the key rule in investments: invest only in what you really understand. Thus the investor must understand how investment funds differ from each other and only then to choose those which best match his/her expectations. The most important characteristics of investment funds on which bases the overall variety of investment vehicles can be assorted are the return on investment and the risk which is defined as the uncertainty about the actual return that will be earned on an investment. Each type of investment funds could be characterized by certain level of profitability and risk because of the specifics of these financial investments. Stocks are one of the favourite investments for the investment funds because of their effectieveness,but also because of they are higly liquid on average, bring income through dividends,offer diversification through sectors and every fund manager can find reasonably priced stocks with the required effort. Investment funds choose stocks because they are a very attractive investment that offers a lot of oportunities for the funds.The basic opportunity is that they are very flexible investment that offers ownership in the companies that the funds invests in. This gives the fund the oportunity to take participation in the annual shareholders meeting,but also to take board seats.It means that the fund can send representatives that can in turn affect the way the company manages its assets.A lot of companies are open to receive capital from the investment funds because as an investment vehicle they have a lot of liquidity to offer. Every investment fund is centered on the needs of the investors and tries to combine their individual opinions into one grand strategy.Usualy investment funds allow bigger investors to choose their investments and provide for them special portfolio options.This means that investors gain opportunity to have their own investment portfolio,which they can track for themselves and compare to the market index. Stocks are a big part of the investment portfolio of every investment fund.They sometimes respresent more than a half of the overall investments of the investment funds.The reason for this lays in their relative simplicity and the lots of ways the investor can profit from this securities.
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Шлапакова, Наталья, Natal'ya Shlapakova, Татьяна Учаева, Tat'yana Uchaeva, Кристина Зоткина, and Kristina Zotkina. "INVESTMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION. INVESTMENT PROJECT EVALUATION." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b6d5878322df5.76985434.
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Abdullaev, Alibek M. "IMPROVEMENT OF STATE INVESTMENT POLICY AIMED AT INCREASING INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1/3, no. 121 (2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.01.03.008.
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The formation of an investment policy that is adequate to modern economic conditions is one of the most urgent problems, since the development of the Russian economy is possible only if investment activity is increased and a significant inflow of investment is made. And for this, it is necessary to create conditions under which investments will become profitable, and investors will be protected from the risk of losing their investments. The formation of the state investment policy determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. This is confirmed by the fact that through investments the state solves various economic and social problems.
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Kinyua, Muthinga Linus, Mr James Muturi, and Dr Eddie Simiyu. "Investment Strategy and Financial Performance of Defined Contribution Pension Funds in Kenya." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5050.
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Pension funds are meant to enable pensioners to live quality life upon retirement by paying them retirement benefits. Financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya has continued to portray unimpressive trend despite positive targets set by the pension funds. Hence, the study examined the effect of investment strategy on financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya. Systems theory view of pension funds, agency theory, portfolio theory and fisher’s theory of investment guided this study. Secondary data was used in the study. Correlational research design and positivism research philosophy were adopted by this study. The target population comprised of 1172 registered defined contribution pension funds in Kenya as of December 2018. A sample size of 289 defined contribution pension funds were involved in the study and were selected by applying stratified random sampling method. The study established that a positive association exists between investment strategy and financial performance of defined contribution pension funds in Kenya. It concluded that investment strategy explained up to 57.76% of the variations in the return on investment. The regression analysis conducted found a significantly positive association between long term investments and return on investment. Medium term investments was also found to be positively and significantly connected to return on investment. There was also a significantly positive relationship between short term investments and return on investment. Alternative investments was found to be positively and significantly connected to return on investment. The coefficient of determination increased from 57.76% to 65.47% when density of contributions interacted with long term investments, medium term investments, short term investments and alternative investments. The study recommended long term investments as the most ideal investment option for defined contribution pension funds because of its ability to generate the highest return on investment. Medium term investments was recommended as the second best investment option to be embraced by defined contribution pension funds because of its ability to yield good returns as well, second to long term investments. The next investment priority should be given to the alternative investments since it had the third highest regression of coefficients. The least investment option to be undertaken by defined contribution pension funds should be short term investments. Keywords: Long term investments, medium term investments, short term investments, alternative investments, density of contribution, performance, defined contribution pension funds, Kenya.
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Churuta, Ivan. "Investment rankings and their impact on the country’s investment image." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(89) (October 10, 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.03.070.
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The paper claims that direct foreign investments play an essential role in every country’s economy, since they ensure its efficient functioning and further growth. Since investment rankings are used as a primary indicator, because they help investors quantify the investment image, possible risks and investment reliability, it is concluded that the amount of direct investments depends on the country’s investment image. The scope of research includes the country’s investment image and major investment rankings that shape the image. The aim of the study is to establish a list of international investment rankings, which prospective investors may analyze when making investment decisions. To obtain this objective, the following methods are used: theoretical generalization, comparison, abstraction, analysis and synthesis. The article presents an analysis of various views of national and foreign scholars on interpretation of investment image. Based on summarizing the existing opinions, a consolidated definition for investment image is proposed. A list of major investment rankings that shape the country’s investment image is established, and ways of calculating their particular characteristics are presented. It is concluded that in order to attract foreign investments to the required extent, each country should take measures to improve its investment image and its position in major international investment rankings.
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Netrebskaya, Oksana. "INVESTMENT PROJECTS AND FEATURES OF THEIR MANAGEMENT IN THE FOREST COMPLEX OF RUSSIA." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2022-9-4-7-20.
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The article deals with the implementation of investment projects in the forestry complex of Russia. The classification groups of investment projects and indicators of investment activity in the industry segments of the forestry complex are presented. Despite the fact that significant growth rates of investments in the branches of the forestry complex have developed in recent years, there is a significant unrealized development potential, and they continue to remain low investment attractiveness for business. When implementing investment projects in forestry, the state often acts as the initiator of projects; investment projects in the timber industry complex are mainly implemented both by private business and with the support of the state. Investment projects in the forestry complex include state investment projects in the form of investments in forest infrastructure and in updating the technical base of forestry; public-private partnership in the form of priority investment projects, special investment contracts and regional investment projects; private business investment projects implemented in the form of capital investments, innovative investments and an increase in current assets. It has been determined that when implementing forest climate projects, the most effective mechanism for attracting investment is public-private partnership.
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Wang, Guangsheng. "Assessment and Control of Investment Risk in Real Estate Projects." Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i6.1074.
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The fast rise of China's real estate business has efficiently propelled the country's economy, and it is also profoundly entwined with the daily lives of the Chinese populace. There are more investment risks associated with real estate projects due to the size of the investment funds, the length of time required to accomplish the task, the effect of regulatory changes, the market climate, and other variables. If these risks are not appropriately managed, they will lower the investment's return. Real estate project investments should be more cautious and scientific, fully assess investment risks, and target the appropriate control measures to reduce the impact of risk factors and ensure the smooth implementation of investment activities. This is particularly crucial in light of the new normal, which involves increased uncertainty.
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Cherepovskyi, K. V. "Interstate investment legal treatment as a factor of investment attractiveness." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 1, 2022): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-69.
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The theses are devoted to one of the key components of international investment agreements – investment legal treatment, since an even fluent analysis of international investment arbitrations with participation of states and subjects of economic activity with investments from abroad delivers understanding that standards and guarantees of investment legal treatments have fundamental character at least for the mentioned legal practices. Kind of argument for this could be found in a position of agreed provisions of investment treatments at bilateral investment treaties, which usually follows introduction norms for investment permitting and admitting, being set from the very beginning of such treaties. But, is this fundamental character of investment legal treatments being remained in other important rules of international investment implementation? Scientific questions about corresponding dualism are likely the key at these theses, because the concept of investment legal treatment is quite deeply studied in the framework of international law and general law theories, but leaves a number of insufficiently disclosed scientific and practical issues regarding the specifics of this concept in certain branches, including international investment law in the first place. The analysis defines main practical problems of international investment law, including the legal protection of international investment and the delimitation of actions of states that constitute expropriation or the measures taken by states under the right to regulate within public interest. Separate researching attention also paid to legal interaction between the concepts of the investment legal treatment as legal instrument of an international lawyer, and the state guarantees for the protection of foreign investment – as remedy and element of specialist in domestic law practices. Provided research significates investment legal treatment importance as a factor of local investment attractiveness, it also outlines importance of development of state guarantees for protection of foreign investments by delivering progressive European approaches as the examples, focusing on effective balance reaching within the corresponding regulation. Scientific and practical conclusions on the most important legal sources in the field of international investment activities are made, the direction for the next stage of researching work is preoutlined. Key words: international investment law, international investments, investment legal treatment, bilateral investment treaties, international investment arbitration, state guarantees for the protection of foreign investments.
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da Rocha, Fernando Vinícius, and Maria Sylvia Macchione Saes. "Private investment in transportation infrastructure in Brazil: the effects of state action." Revista de Gestão 25, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-03-2018-032.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impacts of the investment programs created by the Brazilian federal government on private investment in transportation infrastructure (crowding-in effect). Design/methodology/approach The study used two quantitative techniques of data analysis: cluster analysis and panel data analysis. Findings The results show that the investment programs created by the Brazilian federal government were successful in attracting private agents to invest in transportation infrastructure in the country. This effect is observed even in the cases of programs focused on public investments. Research limitations/implications Advancing the research area that seeks to assess the impact of public policies is the main practical and social implications of the papers. As a research limitation we can highlight that need for a comparison to other country investment’s public policies. Practical implications Performance of public policies. Social implications Economic development. Originality/Value The paper discusses the effects of the Brazilian Federal Government programs for infrastructure investment in the private investment in the country (investment in transportation infrastructure). The issue is relevant for policies makers.
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Viktorova, N. N. "EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF "FOREIGN INVESTMENT" IN A NETWORK SOCIETY." Lex Russica, no. 11 (November 22, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.156.11.088-095.
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The paper deals with the problems of definition of the concept "investment" in multilateral and bilateral investment treaties. The author shows how the approach to the definition of "investment" in international investment agreements has changed over time, how this concept differs in modern agreements from those enshrined in agreements concluded more than ten years ago. It is noted that today we can talk about the trend of a broad definition of the concept of investment in international treaties, that is, investments are understood as any kind of property values; further the author specifies what applies to them.International treaties on the protection and promotion of investment also include the right to engage in business activities. It turns out that investment disputes can arise from ordinary commercial activities, for example from a contract of sale. However, there are documents that do not include monetary claims arising from commercial contracts, such as the 2012 model bilateral investment Treaty of the South African development Community.Generally, investment protection agreements do not distinguish between direct and portfolio investments. Therefore, portfolio investments also enjoy the protection of these investment treaties. However, some of the international investment agreements that are currently being concluded specify that portfolio investments are excluded from their scope, such as the Model bilateral investment Treaty of the South African Development Community.In the literature there are three approaches to the qualification of foreign arbitral awards as a foreign investment. According to one of them, the award is an investment, because it is part of the entire activity of the investor. Some modern international investment agreements contain provisions according to which arbitration, judicial decisions are not investments.
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Nino Bendianishvili, Nino Bendianishvili. "Modern Information Technologies in the Field of Foreign Investment, „IT Investments"." Economics 105, no. 1-2 (February 7, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/1-2/2022-52.
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The information technology market is one of the main catalysts for economic development. Investment in information technology is especially important. Information technology is an investment product, for this reason, they have to compete with other areas of enterprise activities with limited investment resources. It should be noted that the concept of "investing in IT" is new and very broad. All IT investments are divided into four categories: 1. Infrastructure; 2. Transaction; 3. Informative; 4. Strategic. Infrastructure - means investments in local area network, communications, equipment. Transactions - Investments in systems that facilitate day-to-day operations: order processing, printing of technology cards, payment documents, etc. Informative - Investments in analysis and decision support activities. Strategic - Investments in new areas of IT. Keywords: Investment Product, Investment in IT, Foreign Investment Market, Information Technology Market.
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Dr. G. Balamurugan and V Sivanesan. "Financial Investment Pattern and Preference of College Professors at Trichy City." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.12.3.28.
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Financial Investments are the commitments that are made by individuals with any financial and non-financial instruments for gaining a better and profitable return in future for a particular objective. The financial and non-financial investment instruments act as a medium or a driving tool for investment decisions of individuals. From the available investment avenues one must select the appropriate one that he feels safer or good to invest. The person who is going to make investments should be aware of all knowledge about investments and should be aware of how it is going to fulfil his objective. The person who is investing should be known of all the investment avenues available for making investments. Such avenues are employee provident fund, public provident fund, mutual funds, insurance, bank deposits, real estate, gold, stock market. This study is about to analyse the investment pattern of college professors and their attitude towards investment avenues. It also aims to identify the reason behind making investment and to find their objective for making investment. It helps to find the behaviour of individuals while making investments. Further this study helps to find the relationship of various demographic factors of the respondents and factors associated while making investment decisions. Such factors include time period of their investment, investment avenues, risk factors, returns etc.
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Matsuka, V. "STATE REGULATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN UKRAINE." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Ekonomìka 12, no. 24 (2022): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2022-12-24-121-129.
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The war, political and economic upheavals led to low investment activity, the curtailment of investment projects and the outflow of foreign investments from the Ukrainian market. In the conditions of the export of investment capital, without improvement of the investment policy and guarantees of capital security, business development and the inflow of foreign investments into Ukraine are impossible. Studying the specifics of state regulation of foreign investment activities will allow us to use the positive effects of foreign investment to improve the investment climate and develop investment infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to develop a system of measures to improve state regulation of foreign investments in Ukraine. The article examines the peculiarities of foreign investment activity in Ukraine. The scale of capital of non-residents in the economy of Ukraine is estimated. The following factors that reduce the country's investment attractiveness were identified: deployment of military operations in Ukraine; political and economic upheavals; significant withdrawal of foreign capital from the national economy; low activity of domestic investors under the influence of a number of macroeconomic factors; insufficient regulation of the investment process in Ukraine by the state; increasing internal and external debts. The shortcomings of the investment regulation system are identified: the inability of Ukraine to regulate legal relations and interests of investors with domestic legislation; ambiguous interpretation of provisions of legislative documents; a large number of regulatory acts that regulate the investment process; instability of national legislation in the field of investment; lack of guarantees of property rights of foreign investors; corruption in the investment sphere, etc. Measures to improve the regulation of foreign investments in Ukraine are proposed: harmonization of national legislation with the norms of international investment law; simplifying the procedure and shortening the terms of business registration and closing; introduction of control over the prevention of double taxation, currency exchange, admission to bank lending; providing regions with the necessary set of tools to increase investment attractiveness; decentralization of state regulation by attracting foreign investments into the economy of Ukraine. Key words: investment, foreign investment, direct foreign investment, investment infrastructure, investment climate, investment policy, state regulation.
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Rubinina, Evgeniya. "Are Cryptocurrency Assets a Protected Investment Under Investment Treaties?" Arbitration: The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management 89, Issue 1 (January 1, 2023): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/amdm2023004.
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This article considers the jurisdictional aspects of protection of cryptocurrencies under investment treaties, namely: (1) whether or not cryptocurrencies constitute an asset capable of protection under investment treaties and, in particular, the relevance of recognition of title to cryptocurrency under the applicable law, as well as whether such assets qualify for protection under the Salini test; (2) how the territorial link to the host state can be established, given the delocalized nature of cryptocurrencies and blockchain. A parallel is drawn to the line of jurisprudence on whether or not delocalized financial instruments such as bonds can constitute protected investments under Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). It is concluded that whether or not cryptocurrencies can qualify as protected investments will inevitably depend on the specific circumstances of each case. There is no reason why cryptocurrency assets cannot, in principle, be a protected investment under investment treaties; however, at least for self-standing investments consisting of cryptocurrency only, it may be challenging to meet the requirement of proving contribution to the development of the host state.
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Ochilov, Bobur. "ISSUES OF IMPROVING INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY." Economics and education 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55439/eced/vol24_iss1/a10.
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This article examines the essence of investment attractiveness, the opinions of economists about increasing investment attractiveness in attracting foreign direct investments. Also, the factors influencing the investment attractiveness of our country were analyzed, and internationally recognized indicators assessing the country’s business environment and the level of investment risks were discussed. Scientific conclusions and recommendations on increasing investment attractiveness in attracting foreign direct investments have been formulated.
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Yılancı, Veli, and Mücahit Aydın. "Testing of the crowding out effect for Turkey." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.447.
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In this study, we test the effect of public investment on private sector investment for Turkey for the period 1980-2014. There can be three different types of relationship between them. Public investment can have crowding in effect on private sector investment. That is, an increase in public investments creates same way change in private sector investments. Public investment can have crowding out effect on private sector investment. In other words, an increase in public investments decreases private sector investments Public investment can have no effect on private sector investment. We first test the existence of the relationship between them by using recently introduced unit root and cointegration tests. We test the stationarity of the variables by using Kapetanios (2005) unit root test and test the long run relationship by employing Maki (2009) cointegration test. Both of the tests allow multiple structural breaks which determined endogenously. Since we find the long run relationship between public and private sector investments we examine the type of the effect using FMOLS cointegrating model which supports evidence for the crowding-in effect.    Keywords: Crowding Out Effect, Cointegration, Structural Breaks
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Ganievich, Yakubov Valijan. "Investments And The Task Of Their Statistical Study." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 07 (July 30, 2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue07-02.
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The organization of any activity requires an initial investment of funds for the purchase of buildings, raw materials, labour, and so on. This is done through investment. This article discusses investments, the task of their statistical study, investment activity, investment structure, capital investments, financial and non-financial assets and their efficiency.
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Vasylenko, Yuriy. "Conditions for Successful Active Investment in Terms of the State and the Far-sighted Interests of the Business." Ekonomika 100, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2021.1.1.
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For the macro characteristic of active investment, we introduced the concept of the technical productivity of investment. It characterizes an investment’s capacity to reduce the norm of material or labor costs.Based on the technical productivity of investment, we derived the equation (not identity) of economic dynamics.We have proposed measuring the efficiency of investments by added-value to reflect their effectiveness for the business owner’s far-sighted interests in minimizing the turnover of skilled workers. We have proposed to use the criteria in terms of the state – the maximum of the real GDP growth and the maximum of the sum of real GDP for the country as a whole.We defined the limits of an investment’s technical productivity, for which the investor receives the desired payback or effectiveness, and an economy in maximal development.For this, we used our causal simulation model of Ukraine’s economy dynamics, which, in contrast to the known models, reflects the main types of legal and shadow economic activities in their relationships.
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Levandivsky, O. "Theoretical essence of investment and investment-one process in investing firm energy enterprises." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-96-103.
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The article examines the theoretical nature of investment and the investment process in investing in agricultural enterprises. It is noted that the investment theory began to take shape simultaneously with the world market, the development of which was caused by the great geographical discovery of the XV-XVI centuries. The investment theory of the era of mercantilism is considered. It was proved that they identified the wealth of the nation with money, and money with precious metals. In the works of physiocrats, investment was considered as a process aimed at restoring and increasing capital, with the help of which not only production in agriculture is carried out, but national wealth as a whole grows. Representatives of the school of neoclassical direction, it was determined that the proposal is governed by the bank interest rate, which acts as the offer price in the capital market, and demand - the rate of return on invested capital, which gets the entrepreneur. It is proved that in the broad sense of Keynesian investment theory can be considered protectionist, since it promotes the protection of the national economy from foreign investment. Based on an analysis of investment research, leading foreign and domestic scientists have made certain conclusions in determining the nature of investments and the investment process in investing in agricultural enterprises. Considered the main factors affecting the volume of investment. Focused on an investment project. It has been proven that the development and implementation of an investment project (primarily a production focus) under market conditions consists of three phases: pre-investment (a preliminary study before the final investment decision); investment (design, contract, contract, construction) and production (phase of economic activity of the enterprise). In turn, these phases are divided into stages and stages: investment motivation, forecasting and programming of investments, rationale for investment, insurance of investments, government regulation of the investment process, investment planning, financing of the investment process, design and pricing, provision of investments with material and technical resources, development of investments, preparation for production, previous delivery and acceptance into operation, final Dacha facility. The significance of the investment component of the development and operation of an agricultural enterprise is described, the role of which is exacerbated in the context of the instability of the economic environment and the permanent lack of financial resources. Keywords:investment project, financial resources, net profit margin, lending rate, inflation.
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Janhunen, Eerika, Niina Leskinen, and Seppo Junnila. "The Economic Viability of a Progressive Smart Building System with Power Storage." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 5998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155998.
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The increased smartness of the built environment is expected to contribute positively to climate change mitigation through energy conservation, efficient renewable energy utilization, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Accordingly, significant investments are required in smart technologies, which enable the distributed supply of renewables and increased demand-side energy flexibility. The present study set out to understand the cash flows and economic viability of a real-life smart system investment in a building. The data collection process was threefold: First, a case building’s level of (energy) smartness was estimated. Second, the semi-structured interviews were held to understand the building owner’s motives for a smart investment. Third, the investment’s profitability was analyzed. The study found that the progressive smartness investment was technically feasible, and surprisingly also economically profitable. The original EUR 6 million investment provided over 10% return-on-investment and, thus, increased the property value by more than EUR 10 million. Moreover, the commercial partners also emphasized the strategic value gained by renewable energy and environmental performance. The high level of smartness with a good return on investment was accomplished mainly through new income generated from the reserve power markets. However, the results implied that financial profitability alone was not enough to justify the economic viability of a smart building system investment.
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Nino Bendianishvili, Nino Bendianishvili. ""BILATERAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS AS A MEAN OF INTEGRATION INTO THE WORLD SOCIETY AND ITS SWOT ANALYSIS." Economics 105, no. 5-7 (August 7, 2023): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-156.
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Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are a key prerequisite for effective investment. It ensures efficient use of resources and free movement of capital. When both parties from the signatories agree on the rules of the game, then a favorable and optimal environment for settlement of investment disputes is created. By simple definition, a bilateral investment treaty is an international agreement concluded between two countries. It contains bilateral obligations for the promotion and protection of private investments made by investors of one of these states in the territory of the other state. A bilateral investment treaty aims to promote and protect "investments" as defined in the relevant agreement. It is appropriate to consider specific cases separately, as a number of investments have the necessary qualifying characteristics. In most agreements, the parties specify which investors and what types of investments are included in the agreement. More recent bilateral investment treaties also contain articles that emphasize the right of a state to take appropriate and proportionate regulatory action in the public interest, for example to protect health and the environment. It should be noted that the European Commission is working on improving the legal protection of intra-European investments. Such a mechanism should be effective, economical, adapted to the activities of small and medium-sized businesses, benevolent and mandatory. Keywords: Bilateral Investment Treaties, Effective Investment Initiatives, SWOT Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties, Global Integration.
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Zhang, Youran. "The Correlation Between the Macroeconomic Indicator PMI and Private Equity Investment." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 68, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/68/20241346.
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This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the correlation between Chinas manufacturing PMI and private equity investment from 2015 to 2022, utilizing correlation and regression analysis methods based on both overall and structural data. The findings reveal a moderate correlation between manufacturing PMI and private equity investment. Specifically, manufacturing PMI demonstrates a predictive effect on private equity investment, with a lead time of one to two quarters. This accounts for 27.7% of the variation in private equity investment. Furthermore, employing the VAR model, this study observes a significant positive effect of manufacturing PMI on private equity investment, with significant positive impacts found during the two and six lagged periods. These results align with the leading indicator characteristic of PMI and suggest that private equity investment serves as a barometer for the capital market. Additionally, this paper investigates the correlation between manufacturing PMI and different stages of private equity investments (early, venture capital (VC), and PE investments) while also analyzing the correlation between manufacturing PMI and private equity investments from different funding sources, including RMB and foreign currency private equity investments. The results indicate that, akin to private equity investment in general, early, VC, and PE investments exhibit varying degrees of correlation with manufacturing PMI. Moreover, foreign currency private equity investment demonstrates a stronger correlation with manufacturing PMI compared to RMB private equity investment.
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., Alfiana, Ervina CM Simatupang, and Ita Borshalina. "Investment Portfolio of Pension Funds: Regulation and Implementation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23900.
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This study determines which pension fund investments affect the return of investment in the pension fund industry. This research is an explanatory research conducted using multiple regression with data from the monthly pension fund statistics for the March 2015 to June 2018 period. The results show that of the 19 investments that the pension fund industry can make, there are still 2 types of investments that have not yet been made and 3 types of investments exceeding the limit specified allocation. In this study, only government bonds and land investments have a positive effect on return of investment while land and building investments have a negative effect. The results of this study indicate that the regulations do not have an impact on changing the type and allocation of investment in the pension fund industry, and is still dominated by certain investments that do not have an influence on the profitability of the pension fund industry which is measured by return of investment. Therefore, further studies are needed. This study is useful for (1) the pension fund industry to be able to apply investment portfolio theory regarding the types and allocations of investments and start new types of investment that are permitted (2) for financial services authorities (financial services authority) in order to arrange regulations regarding the type and allocation of investment.
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Gudkov, F. A. "Investments in Innovations—or Russian "Investment Roulette"." Problems of Economic Transition 56, no. 6 (September 23, 2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991560605.
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TIPPET, JOHN. "ETHICAL INVESTMENT, CHURCH INVESTMENTS AND THE LAW." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 20, no. 2 (June 2001): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2001.tb00279.x.
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Sornarajah, M. "Portfolio Investments and the Definition of Investment." ICSID Review 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/24.2.516.
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Anđelinović, Mihovil, and Filip Škunca. "Optimizing insurers’ investment portfolios: incorporating alternative investments." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 41, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 361–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2023.2.361.
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The challenge posed by historically low-interest rates is particularly significant for insurance companies, especially those specializing in life insurance. This study investigates a potential solution by analyzing the impact of introducing low correlation alternative investments into traditional investment portfolios. The research employs two methods: firstly, optimization using the Markowitz model, and the multicriteria optimization model is utilized to test the advantages of including alternative investments. Secondly, the study assesses the effects of interest rate fluctuations on both traditional and alternative investments through the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The results from both optimization models during the analyzed period confirm the hypotheses, indicating that integrating alternative investments positively influences portfolio returns, risk management, and overall efficiency. Additionally, the study explores the influence of interest rate changes on domestic stocks, bonds, hedge funds, and managed futures. While there were theoretical expectations of a significant impact, confirming that interest rate changes have a stronger effect on bond and stock yields compared to hedge funds and futures yields remains inconclusive. Nevertheless, the research underscores the significance of diversifying investment portfolios with low-correlation alternative assets in the face of a low-interest rate period. These findings offer valuable insights for insurance companies seeking strategies to navigate the complexities of financial markets.
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Magomedov, A. M. "Investments and Investment Attractiveness of the Region." Herald of Dagestan State University 39, no. 2 (June 27, 2024): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2500-1930-2024-39-2-55-65.
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Gjini, Altin, and Agim Kukeli. "Crowding-Out Effect Of Public Investment On Private Investment: An Empirical Investigation." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2012): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i5.6978.
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This studys principal objective is to analyze the behavior of private investments in market economies in the New Emerging Economies (transition economies) in Eastern Europe. The main objective is to investigate the effect of public investment on private investments. Borrowing from neoclassical economics authors one expects to see a crowding out effect of public investment on private investments. The literature is divided and mixed at best at answering the question of what is the role of public investment in private investments. Our preliminary results show that while it can be true that there is a crowding out effect on private investment from public investments in the West, this is not the case looking at the East. There is a vast discussion on the effect of public investment on private investment at the firm level as well as aggregated at the country level. Among other factors recognized for such a discussion like uncertainty, imperfect competition, effectiveness, cost of capital that can bust or hinder private investment under the normal course of the countrys economy this study looks at another angle. Western countries are diverse in terms of the size of government. The new emerging market economies on the East are struggling to get their economies to compete with western countries which have inherited better public institutions, infrastructure, and market conditions overall. A pool of selected countries, unbalanced panel data analysis, in Eastern European continent is examined over a period of time 1991-2009. The data are obtained from World Development Indicators (World Bank data base, 2010). Using pooled cross sectional analysis, the data confirm the structural break of private investment behavior between developing and developed countries. This is due to lack of market economy institutions, infrastructure, performance of the economy, and expectations.
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HUMENNYI, Mykhailo. "SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL CONTENT AND ECONOMIC ESSENCE OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-1-28.
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Introduction. Effective investment activity provides stable development of the enterprise in the conditions of unstable market environment. Attracting financial resources in the activities of economic entities should strengthen their economic security and help overcome financial prob-lems. The investment activity of the enterprise strengthens its competitive position in the market. The purpose of scientific research is to determine the theoretical foundations of investment activities of the enterprise. Results. The macroeconomic role of investments is determined. Factors influencing the investment activity of the enterprise are considered. The importance of scientific and technical activities in the field of investment activities of the business entity is emphasized. The sources of formation of investment resources of the enterprise are characterized. The essence of investment activity of the enterprise is determined. The types of investment activity of the business entity are given. The position on determining the type of investment activity is substantiated. The integration of types of investments is considered. The definition of the investment process and investment cycle is given. The classification of sources for attracting investment resources is given. The objects of investment activity are described. The role of strategic assets of the enterprise as sources of economic security in the crisis is noted. The participants of the investment process are characterized and the essence of interaction of subjects within the framework of investment activity is revealed. Conclusions. The role of investment activity in the process of enterprise functioning is substantiated. Investment activity is defined as a prerequisite for the development and economic security of the enterprise. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of reforming the existing investment management system. Keywords: enterprise, investments, investment activity, investment process, economic security, development.
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Wang, Wei. "Corporate governance and investments." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3c2p6.
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We investigate the impact of corporate governance on physical and R&D investments in a Seemingly Unrelated Regressing (SUR) system. Marginal q’s are estimated using firm fundamental information for physical and R&D investments separately. We find that takeover pressure boosts both physical and R&D investments, public pension funds ownership has a U-shaped relation with physical investment, and greater director ownership is associated with lower physical investment and higher R&D investment. As far as investment distortions are concerned, takeover pressure mitigates the free cash flow problem and exacerbates the debt overhang problem, while public pension funds stockholding and director ownership alleviates the debt overhang for physical investment, and R&D investment, respectively.
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Rasmussen, Josefine. "The Role of Structural Context in Making Business Sense of Investments for Sustainability–A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 7006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177006.
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Energy efficiency is an important means for sustainable manufacturing. One action for manufacturing companies to improve energy efficiency is through investments. While these investments often are profitable, opportunities remain unexploited. This paper explores the structural context of the investment decision-making process by examining the associated activities, procedures, and the role of information. While the structural context may limit complex investments that do not fit predefined rules and controls, such as energy efficiency and other sustainability-related investments, it remains a scarcely studied aspect of investment decision-making for energy efficiency investments. Method-wise, the paper is based on a case study of a major investment at a pulp and paper company, motivated and justified based on productivity, strategic, energy, and sustainability rationales. The paper contributes with illustrating how configurations of internal investment activities and procedures may be crucial for sustainability-related investments to pass through the investment process. Moreover, the configuration of activities and procedures is also indicated as influential for the way in which an investment is executed. Hence, for energy efficiency and other sustainability-related investments to make business sense constitutes more than achieving desirable payback periods; the structural context should be considered.
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KHAIETSKA, Olha. "WAYS TO INCREASE THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 3 (53) (October 4, 2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-3-9.
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The article describes the essence of investment, which is a key factor in economic development, highlights the current state of investment attractiveness of Ukraine. Attracting long-term international investments, their promotion is one of the priorities of economic policy. In the economy of Ukraine, there is a problem of lack of investment resources and lack of favorable conditions for their accumulation, imperfect assessment of the internal potential of national savings, the capacity of financial institutions for investment transformation of resources, features of investment regulation in changing economic relations. The general principles of investment policy and the main components of investment attractiveness are proposed, thanks to which a stable inflow of investments into the country is ensured. The course of modern political processes, goals and priorities for improving the investment climate in Ukraine, which negatively affect the international investment attractiveness, has been established. The dynamics of foreign direct investment in Ukraine, their structure by type of economic activity and the distribution of direct investment by investor countries are presented and analyzed. It was revealed that in 2019 the Ukrainian economy received investments from Cyprus, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and promising industries for international investment are agriculture, industry, energy, wholesale and retail trade, information technology and infrastructure, financial corporations. and insurance activities. A number of indices are proposed that determine the investment attractiveness of countries, investment confidence. The rating of investment attractiveness of Doing business-2020 is substantiated, where Ukraine has improved its positions compared to last year.
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Kizimbayeva, Azhar, Bekarshyn Zhumanova, Zeinegul Yessymkhanova, Zhanar Dauletkhanova, and Aigul Mukhamejanova. "Developing environmentally responsibly investment in Kazakhstan." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 08035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340208035.
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The article examines the development and formation of green finance in Kazakhstan. It is noted that green finance is now becoming The article defines the essence of responsible investment within the framework of the concept of ESG investment which takes into account the unity of environmental, social and corporate governance factors; an analysis of the status and development of responsible investment factors and corporate governance factors; the analysis of the status and development of responsible investments in economically developed countries; the possibilities of formation of ecosystem of financial support of ecologically responsible investments were estimated ecosystem of financial support for environmentally responsible investments in Kazakhstan; the following factors constraining and stimulating investments in “green” economy projects were identified, the measures of state support for environmentally responsible investment in the country have also been proposed. Investments in the country; and the measures proposed by the government to support the development of environmentally responsible investments in the country. Systematisation and refinement of scientific and theoretical approaches to defining The essence and economic content of environmentally responsible investment in the framework of The concept of ESG-investments and study of the possibility of their implementation in the practice of Kazakhstan.
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Huang, Tian, Deyi Shi, and Shihao Xue. "The role and helpfulness of pensions in personal financial investment after retirement." BCP Business & Management 23 (August 4, 2022): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v23i.1359.
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More than 90% of wage earners in the United States can receive pension options benefits after retirement. It is especially important to manage funds reasonably and choose the right investment after retirement. We use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Fama-French three-factor model to establish pension and non-pension investment portfolios and measure the return and risk changes of pension portfolio investments under different portfolio investments. The experimental results show that pensions are of great help to the return and Sharpe ratio of portfolio investments. With the intervention of different factors, pensions provide good and stable income support for portfolio investments. Especially under the expectations of different markets, pensions performed extremely well in portfolio investments. With the establishment of reasonable portfolio investment, we suggest that adding pensions to the portfolio investment will bring more stable investment performance.
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GUZHEV, Dmitrii A. "Analyzing the sensitivity of internal rate of return to the variable determination of initial investments in the life cycle to calculate the net present value of an investment project." Finance and Credit 29, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 1496–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.29.7.1496.
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Subject. The article analyzes the sensitivity of internal rate of return (IRR) to the determination of initial investments at the main stages of life cycle of an investment project in the form of capital investments. Objectives. The aim is to analyze the sensitivity of IRR to a variable estimate of the initial investment volume determined in the basic, optimistic and pessimistic scenario of implementation, in the context of investment project life cycle in the form of capital investments. Methods. The study employs generally recognized scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis. Results. I reviewed recent publications on sensitivity analysis of dynamic indicators of investment efficiency by foreign and domestic researches, including the IRR, briefly considered international and domestic modern and classic regulatory techniques of sensitivity analysis of IRR for an investment project, performed the sensitivity analysis of IRR at the main stages of investment project life cycle, on the case of a successfully implemented project, in the five-year useful life planning horizon, in three scenarios of investment project implementation (basic, optimistic, and pessimistic). The findings can be used in the comprehensive assessment of return on investment, including at early stages of investment project life cycle, when a fundamental decision is made on the start of the project, and required investment performance indicators are established, including IRR for investment project. Conclusions. In the sensitivity analysis of IRR for an investment project, I determined the influence of variable assessment of initial investments on the dynamic performance indicator under study.
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Tsinaridze, Ramin, George Abuselidze, and Lasha Beridze. "ACTUAL ISSUES OF ASSESSMENT OF THE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT." Economic Profile 18, no. 2(26) (December 19, 2023): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2023.26.02.
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One of the most important factors of the sustainable and safe development of the national economy is the availability of investment resources in the economy, the establishment of a favorable climate for attracting foreign investments and the mechanisms of their effective use. The practice of countries with developing economies shows that investments should play the most important role in ensuring acceptable parameters of economic development and economic growth, that's why investments Countries are considered as one of the factors of economic growth. Investment environment (climate), as an economic category, represents a wide system of economic-geographic, socio-economic, political-legal, geopolitical-ecological relations. It is formed by the influence of closely related processes and events at the macro, meso or micro level of management and generates strong investment motives. Foreign direct investment in Georgia and its ratio to GDP are often used as a measure of the country's investment climate and competitiveness. According to Blomstrom, developing countries are able to export competitive products to the world market through direct foreign investments. Investments are closely related to human development, directly ensuring the economic growth and progress of mankind. According to world experience, many countries in transition have achieved economic strength as a result of increased investment. The modernization of the national economy, the growth of investments depends on the creation of a favorable, rational investment environment, which means a combination of factors that give companies opportunities, incentives to expand the fields of activity, the scale of business through the advancement of capital. Foreign capital also plays an important role for Georgia, which is the main means of introducing new technologies, using modern management methods and implementing local innovative projects. Foreign investment can also become a motivating factor for local investment and promote healthy competition and the absence of monopoly. The best, rational investment environment leads to attracting large amounts of investment. On the other hand, investments play the role of a catalyst for economic growth and development, it is especially effective in developing countries. Acceptable level of economic growth, development and achieved micro- and macro-economic conditions are necessary conditions for investment activity. All this contributes to raising the competitiveness of domestic goods producers and, ultimately, the standard of living of the population. Complex ratings of investment attractiveness of world countries are periodically published by the leading economic magazines: "Euromoney", "Fortune", of which "Euromoney" is considered the most popular. Twice a year (in March and September), the mentioned magazine informs the readers of the investment risk and reliability rating of the countries of the world with a 10-point system – by the expert reports and analytical results. Nine groups of indicators are used as analytical indicators: the efficiency of the economy, the level of political risk, the state of debt service, creditworthiness, the availability of bank lending, the availability of short-term finance, the availability of long-term loan capital, the probability of occurrence of force majeure circumstances. In terms of perfecting the investment environment assessment methodology, the USA and Japan have noteworthy practices. In order to evaluate the investment environment in the US, such factors as political views and environmental movements formed in individual states are also used. On the basis of the factors affecting the investment environment, they publish the "annual statistical map" by individual states, which contains four generalized indicators. These indicators are: economic effectiveness of investments, business capacity, and development potential of the territory and the main components of tax policy. Based on the overall assessment of various rating and sovereign companies discussed in the paper, the analysis of the past period of ongoing reforms in Georgia shows that today the formation of a favorable investment environment is again and again an urgent task, and the changes made in the implementation of the state investment policy can be evaluated as a positive event that expresses the realization of the market principles of investments in practice, but it needs improvement and refinement. The various evaluations examined in the article also reveal common trends characterized by the weakness of the legal system (including the judiciary) and innovation. We think that in the process of stimulating foreign direct investments in Georgia, priority should be given not to any form of stimulation, but to the formation of a favorable investment environment in the country, which depends on many social, economic and political factors. Moreover, during the analysis of the prospects of attracting foreign investments, it is necessary to evaluate the investment opportunities of domestic savers and their role in the investment process. The policy towards foreign investors is one of the main components of the state investment policy. The strong connection between measures to stimulate domestic investments and the attraction of foreign investments, the mutual influence of these two sources of economy and finance determines the feasibility of their complex study. Regulating investment relations in Georgia, creating a favorable investment environment, developing the right system for evaluating investment activities, attracting foreign investments and making effective investments, proper functioning of the investment market, creating investment banks and researching other relevant issues will be a kind of forward step on the way to overcoming the problems in investment activities. . The functioning of the state's economic complex is completely impossible without investments. Investments contribute to the realization of industrial, innovative and social projects, participate in the process of increasing the volume of production and increasing the efficiency of public production. In the conditions of state crisis, investments represent the most important means of structural transformation of social and production potential and its subordination to the market.
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Zeltser, R., and V. Tytok. "Stimulation of investment activities in the conditions of infrastructure restoration and country development." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 50 (November 11, 2022): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2022.50(1).156-163.
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Today, Ukraine remains an investment-attractive country. The state has the potential to adequately respond to all these challenges, both new and inherited. Throughout the period of our struggle for independence, with the losses we suffered: human, industrial, loss of sales markets and traditional partners, the economy of Ukraine continues to work. Having lost some traditional advantages, we have gained new ones. The sphere of investments was and remains an object of joint interests of both the state and business. This is manifested in the search for sources and ways to increase the efficiency of investments, optimization of investment activities, analysis of investment success in various industries and in the economy as a whole. In this regard, the key importance in the development of the investment process belongs to the state.
A necessary condition for the recovery of Ukraine's economy is high investment activity. It is achieved by increasing the volume of realized investment resources and their most effective use in priority areas of the economy and social sphere. Investments form production potential on a new scientific and technical base and increase Ukraine's competitive position on the world market.
The problem of creating a favorable investment climate for attracting investments to the Ukrainian economy has become particularly acute in recent years. The relevant investment policy is supposed to play a decisive role in its solution. The government approved the draft law on simplifying the permitting procedures for acquiring the right to land and for starting construction during the implementation of projects aimed at restoring the economy. Also, Law of Ukraine No. 1116 dated February 17, 2022 "On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments in Ukraine" (Law on Investment Nurses) entered into force, the purpose of which is to attract significant investments to the economy of Ukraine. In accordance with the Law and relevant amendments to the Tax and Customs Codes of Ukraine, a package of special investment incentives will be available for investment projects that meet certain requirements.
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Alam, Azhar, Sri Herianingrum, Muhamad Nafik Hadi Ryandono, and Nur Puji Rohmawati. "The Role of Islamic Investment Ethics in Preventing Fraudulent Investments." Perbanas Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56174/pjieb.v3i1.81.
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The case of bulging investment is still rife and causes losses for investors. This study aims to determine the role of Islamic investment ethics in preventing investment based on theoretical studies through a literature review and reinforced by the opinions of religious experts, investment experts, and law enforcement staff. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach using primary data from theoretical studies from various literature sources and interviews with ten people, including religious and investment experts. Moreover, The results show that the role of Islamic investment ethics in preventing investments such as staying away from riba, gharar, and maysir, using the principle "Al-Ghunm bi Al-Ghurm," which means the profit or income obtained is balanced with the losses incurred and uses the principle of prudence in making investments. This study provides advice on the need for education for the community related to investments related to riba, gharar, maysir, and the harmony between risk and profit, and the need for the principle of prudence before making investments that there is no case of bulging investment.
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Yarovenko, Tetiana, and Sofiia Berezhna. "Investment climate of countries in conditions of financial instability." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 83, no. 4 (2023): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2023.04.165.
Full textAbstract:
The article points out that financial crises are especially dangerous for the investment climate of developing countries or countries with transitional economies. It considers approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «investment climate of a country» and its features. Based on that, the author's own interpretation of this concept is presented as a complex of political, legal, financial, economic, social, institutional, innovative, infrastructural and other conditions of investment activity of recipients and other subjects of the investment system, which affect the investment process, facilitating or impeding it with a purpose of attracting investments into a certain country. It is determined that the main cause of financial instability in recent years has been the Covid-19 pandemic, which has led to a decrease in investment activity, insufficient liquidity of investments and a decline in their attractiveness in many sectors, and a deterioration in the investment climate in the world. It is noted that global financial instability has a negative impact on the countries' investment climate, which is reflected in: a decrease in investor trust in investment objects; increased riskiness of investments; and rising costs of attracting foreign investment to the country. The author analyses changes in the total volume of investments in the world for the period 1990–2021, which indicates a more favourable investment climate in economically developed countries, but it is more affected by financial instability compared to developing countries. It is established that in order to ensure a favourable investment climate in Ukraine, the legislative framework provides guarantees for investors' activities, opportunities for public-private investment partnerships, etc. The author identifies the shortcomings that make the investment climate in Ukraine unfavourable. The list of measures to improve the investment climate of world countries in the context of financial instability is substantiated. It is noted that ensuring an attractive investment climate in the country in crisis conditions is possible only through a targeted investment strategy and a specific system of measures that will provide conditions for economic recovery after the recession.
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KYSHAKEVCYH,, BOHDAN, and MARYNA NAKHAEVA. "INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF REGIONS IN UKRAINE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-8.
Full textAbstract:
The article proposes a model for the integral assessment of the investment attractiveness of the regions in Ukraine, taking into account seven blocks of their socio-economic development: economic development, investment activity, financial self-sufficiency, labor market and entrepreneurship, infrastructure, socio-economic development, the effectiveness of regional investment policy. The article substantiates the need to take into account the effectiveness of regional investment policy when assessing investment attractiveness and the feasibility of differentiating such assessments depending on the type of investor and the type of investment. The authors propose to take into account such features of the investment process by using DEA-analysis and selection of appropriate weight coefficients that determine the share of each block of indicators regarding socio-economic development of regions in their overall investment attractiveness. Since the VRS assumption or BCC model in DEA analysis provides for a change in efficiency in accordance with a change in the scale of operations, to assess the effectiveness of regional investment policy, we further used the CRS assumption about the constancy of the scale of operations, since the size of investment flows in the Ukrainian economy is still relatively small. As a result, Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk and Kiev regions turned out to be the most attractive for both long-term and short-term investments. The Kherson region turned out to be the least attractive for long-term investments. In the case of short-term investments, the Sumy region showed the lowest value of the integral indicator of investment attractiveness. Some regions showed a significant difference in the value of the integral indicator of investment attractiveness for short and long-term investments, that once again emphasizes the importance of the initial stage of assessing the investment attractiveness of the region, namely, identifying the type of investor, his goals and investment period.
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Baariu, Mungiria James, and Njuguna Peter. "Relationship Between Selected Macroeconomic Variables and the Financial Performance of Investment Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n11p102.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, investment banks in Kenya are facing a lot of challenges due to persistence losses. However, the available studies are inadequate to aid investment banks in overcoming these challenges in Kenya due to mixed findings, resulting in rising uncertainty on equity investments’ performance, leading to massive losses among investment banks. This study, therefore, sought to model the relationship between inflation, GDP, interest rates, exchange rates, and financial performance of investment banks. Arbitrage pricing theory, Modern portfolio theory as well as classical economic theory (flow-oriented model) was used. A causal research design was adopted. The study found that inflation has negative significant influence on financial performance of equity investments among investment banks in Kenya. Also, GDP has positive and significant influence on financial performance of equity investments among investment banks in Kenya. Interest rate was also found to have negative and significant influence on financial performance of equity investments among investment banks in Kenya. In addition, exchange rate has negative significant influence on financial performance of equity investments among investment banks in Kenya. The study therefore recommends any investor including financial investors to methodically analyze inflation trends and understand how it affects the company’s financial performance. Investors must also be in a position to predict the future concerning inflation changes.