Journal articles: 'Investment, Foreign – Australia'

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Tomasic, Roman, and Ping Xiong. "Mapping the Legal Landscape: Chinese State-Owned Companies in Australia." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 2 (October 2, 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i2.4737.

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Australia has always relied heavily upon foreign sources of investment and financing and has in the past tended to draw mainly upon British, American and Japanese investment. In recent decades, Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have played an increasingly important role in the Australian economy with a rising level of investment taking place. Chinese SOEs have been more heavily involved in investments into larger Australian investment projects, such as in mining and infrastructure. Australia has seen an increase in the number of Chinese state-owned companies acquiring substantial domestic assets; this may continue following the ratification of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2015. Although Chinese SOEs operating in foreign countries such as Australia are required to comply with local corporate governance laws and principles, they also retain their unique Chinese corporate governance values and culture which they have inherited through their parent companies and from China itself. In Australia, there has been an ongoing debate over Chinese investment, with the business community being particularly supportive of such investment. Driven largely by the business community, this debate has been relatively narrow and has not explored the likely impact of Chinese SOEs and their subsidiaries upon the shape of corporate governance in countries in which they invest. This article seeks to examine the legal contours of Chinese-controlled investment in Australia with a view to acquiring a more informed understanding of the impact of Chinese SOEs upon the Australian legal landscape.

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Arkhipov, V. "Australia: Economy and Foreign Investment." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2008): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2008-5-82-89.

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Koojaroenprasit, Sauwaluck. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Australia." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 03, no. 08 (August 10, 2013): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20130308a03.

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Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Australia were analyzed from 1986 to 2011, based on data availability. The determinants considered FDI inflows according to aggregate FDI inflows and FDI inflows by the top three source countries (USA, UK and Japan). Empirical studies identified four results. (1) For the determinants of FDI in Australia, a larger market size will attract more FDI, whereas more openness and a higher corporate tax rate will discourage FDI inflows into Australia. Lower customs duty and lower interest and depreciation of exchange rates will attract more FDI. The relationship between FDI inflows into Australia and wages was not significant. (2) For the determinants of US inward FDI in Australia, a larger market size will attract more US inward FDI in Australia, whereas more openness and an appreciation of the exchange rate will discourage US inward FDI in Australia. A negative and significant relationship was obtained between customs duty and US inward FDI in Australia. There were positive and significant relationships between US inward FDI in Australia and both the interest and corporate tax rates. (3) For the determinants of UK inward FDI in Australia, greater research and development in Australia will attract more UK inward FDI in Australia, whereas a higher corporate tax rate will discourage UK inward FDI in Australia. The positive relationship between market size and UK inward FDI in Australia was not significant. Openness, customs duty and inflation did not have significant relationships with UK inward FDI in Australia. (4) For the determinants of Japanese inward FDI in Australia, higher wages and greater research and development will attract more Japanese inward FDI in Australia, whereas higher customs duty and a higher corporate tax rate will discourage Japanese inward FDI in Australia. There was no significant relationship between Japanese inward FDI in Australia and either the interest or exchange rates.

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Adrian, C., and R. Stimson. "Asian Investment in Australian Capital City Property Markets." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 3 (March 1986): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a180323.

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In the mid-1970s Asian investment in Australia accounted for less than 15% of the total foreign investment inflow. By 1984 the inflow from Asia had increased dramatically to 40% or $A4155 million per annum. Over the past ten years an increasing proportion of the Asian investment inflow has been directed to the capital city property markets—particularly Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, and the Gold Coast. In this paper the reasons for these changes, and in particular the deregulation of the Australian finance sector and the underdeveloped conservative nature of Australian property markets, are analysed. It is argued that the changing nature of the capital city property markets is part of the process of integration into a world property market dominated by finance, corporate, and service linkages, and between the larger global cities, of which Sydney is one. Comparisons are made between the investment philosophies and behaviours of the Asian property investors active in Australia and those of their Australian and European counterparts. The paper focuses on the risk philosophies of the Asian investors and the degree to which they are providing a vital injection of funds for previously underdeveloped market opportunities. A critique is made of the existing Foreign Investment Review Board guidelines as they apply to equity investment by foreigners in Australian urban real estate. It is concluded that the guidelines have become an anachronism, and rather than protect the interest of Australia they have contributed to the growth in overseas indebtedness and are detrimental to sustained economic growth.

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YANG, JEANNIE YIH YUN, NICOLAAS GROENEWOLD, and MOONJOONG TCHA. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Australia." Economic Record 76, no. 232 (March 2000): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2000.tb00004.x.

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de Jonge, Alice. "Australia-China-Africa investment partnerships." critical perspectives on international business 12, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2014-0003.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for “triangular cooperation” between investment partners from Australia, China and host African nations to contribute to the economic development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses a number of complementarities between Australian and Chinese investors in mining, agriculture, energy, research and education and finance – sectors vital to Africa’s future development. These complementarities are examined in light of recent development studies on the benefits of triangular cooperation and recent literature examining links between foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and economic development. Findings – The paper concludes that there is much to be gained by making the most of the existing and potential synergies between Australian, Chinese and local investors in African settings. Research limitations/implications – The implications of this paper are, first, that African nations should keep the benefits of triangular cooperation in mind when designing FDI policies and, second, that Australian and Chinese investors should be more willing to explore potential investment partner synergies when investing in Africa. The paper also suggests an agenda for future research into how good design of FDI policies might best promote healthy economic development in African nations. Practical implications – Australian and Chinese companies should be more willing to explore potential avenues for cooperation when investing in Africa, while African governments should be more mindful of how rules and policies can maximise the local benefits of FDI. Social implications – African governments should be more mindful of the quality, rather than the quantity of FDI when drafting relevant laws and policies. Originality/value – The value of the paper is in applying the concept of “triangular cooperation” to direct investment. The paper also provides an original focus on Australia-China investment synergies in African settings.

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Townsend, Belinda. "Australian oil and gas: maximising inbound investments—tax risks and opportunities." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14066.

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The ability for Australia to attract and retain foreign capital is crucial to the continued expansion and long-term development and sustainability of Australia’s oil and gas industry. A well-known and accepted competitive advantage, which facilitates inbound investment into the Australian oil and gas industry, is the stability of Australia’s tax and regulatory system. Having said this, inbound investors are faced with numerous challenges in seeking to navigate and understand Australian tax issues associated with not only ensuring the successful completion of a transaction but to also manage their ongoing after-tax return on investment. These investors are exposed to Australia’s complex international tax landscape, given the level of cross-border investment, financing, profit repatriation, transfer pricing and exit/sell down issues. The key is for inbound investors to understand, monitor and pro-actively manage their international tax affairs as efficiently and effectively as possible. This extended abstract is targeted on assisting inbound investors to understand key considerations associated with investment ownership in the Australian oil and gas industry, and to assist those investors in making strategic investment decisions and to better understand tax risks and opportunities. The topics covered will include: Key tax drivers and considerations associated with executing transactions successfully. Structuring inbound oil and gas investments into Australia. Investment funding and profit repatriation strategies. Transfer pricing and related company transactions. Exit and sell down strategies.

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Pandya, Viral, and Sommala Sisombat. "Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Australian Economy." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 5 (April 20, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n5p121.

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This paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and its impact on economic growth in Australia. FDI inflows are considered to be a vital source of economic growth or development for any economy and it plays big role in growth in gross domestic product (GDP), improvement in infrastructure, employment creation, export and trade performance. This paper examines the relationship between FDI and economic growth of Australia through regression analysis between FDI and different measures of economic growth. The multiple regressions is used to derive conclusion on importance of FDI. The results highlight that FDI inflows contribute to the Australian economy including a growth in GDP, export performance and employment. Mining and quarrying has been identified as an attractive sector in which it has contributed to 7% of GDP, a large amount of capital has been invested and employed intensive labor. The result reflects absence of relationship between FDI and economic growth of Australia as two out three variables shows poor relationship with FDI. The findings provide critical information to Australian policy decision makers to make an informed decision with regard to attractive investment sectors and policies in encouraging foreign investors to invest in the country.

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Sidabutar, Victor Tulus Pangapoi. "PEMANFAATAN SURAT KETERANGAN ASAL INDONESIA DALAM PENINGKATAN INVESTASI BERORIENTASI EKSPOR AUSTRALIA KE INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis dan Ekonomi Asia 14, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32812/jibeka.v14i2.152.

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Indonesia has signed a trade agreement with Australia and hoped that this agreement can benefit both parties in facing global free trade. Indonesia is not Australia's main trading partner currently and Indonesia's exports to Australia tend to decline in recent years. Indonesia can take advantage of Australia's export market which is experiencing an increase in the value of exports which has risen faster than import prices which has affected the growth of the Australian economy. Indonesia can utilize the export market, especially markets that have trade agreements with Indonesia in order to indirectly increase Indonesian exports by utilizing the issuance of Certificates of Origin from Indonesia as partners of producers of Australian export products. The abundance of natural resources and labor in Indonesia is expected to attract the interest of Australia to invest in Indonesia to build an industry that aims to produce goods for the needs of the country's export market demand and for Indonesia to increase the entry of foreign direct investment to Indonesia.

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Kirchner, Stephen. "Foreign Direct Investment in Australia Following the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement." Australian Economic Review 45, no. 4 (November 23, 2012): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.2012.00686.x.

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Mulyadi, Martin Surya, Maya Safira Dewi, Yunita Anwar, and Hanggoro Pamungkas. "Indonesian And Australian Tax Policy Implementation In Food And Agriculture Industry." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v3i2.170.

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Tax policy is one of the most important policy in consideration of investment development in certain industry. Research by Newlon (1987), Swenson (1994) and Hines (1996) concluded that tax rate is one of the most important thing considered by investors in a foreign direct investment. One of tax policy could be used to attract foreign direct investment is income tax incentives. The attractiveness of income tax incentives to a foreign direct investment is as much as the attractiveness to a domestic investment (Anwar and Mulyadi, 2012). In this paper, we have conducted a study of income tax incentives in food and agriculture industry; where we conduct a thorough study of income tax incentives and corporate performance in Indonesian and Australian food and agriculture industry. Our research show that there is a significant influence of income tax incentives to corporate performance. Based on our study, we conclude that the significant influence of income tax incentives to Indonesian corporate performance somewhat in a higher degree than the Australian peers. We have also concluded that Indonesian government provide a relatively more interesting income tax incentives compare to Australian government. However, an average method of net income –a method applied in Australia– could be considered by Indonesian government to avoid a market price fluctuation in this industry.

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Trakman, Leon E. "Investor State Arbitration or Local Courts: Will Australia Set a New Trend?" Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 1 (February 1, 2012): 83–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012004.

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The Australian Government announced in April 2011 that it will no longer include arbitration clauses in its investment treaties but will provide that investment disputes between foreign investors and host states be heard by the domestic courts of those host states instead. This statement reflects doubts by a developed state about the efficiency of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in general and investment arbitration in particular. It also raises the question whether other countries will follow particular strategies to suit their discrete needs. One ramification is that resource wealthy states will make tactical decisions, such as entering into BITs only with capital exporting countries, as South Africa has declared. Another is whether developed states will avoid concluding BITs with developing countries whose domestic court systems are unknown or mistrusted. Yet another issue is how a policy statement, such as enunciated by Australia, will impact on its ability to attract foreign investment while protecting its national interests and also its investors abroad. This article deals with these issues, highlighting the significance of competing dispute resolution options in addressing the issues.

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Ruth Sippel, Sarah. "Financialising farming as a moral imperative? Renegotiating the legitimacy of land investments in Australia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17741317.

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This paper investigates the debate about foreign investment in Australian farmland. Employing a moral perspective, it is argued that the apparent tensions over foreign land investments in recent years can be interpreted as a renegotiation of the legitimate grounds upon which farmland investments should take place. The analysis shows that elements of worth are being applied to farmland that go beyond the ‘pure’ treatment of land according to market principles. Most notably, national references, together with concerns about control over strategic resources and the involvement of foreign sovereign entities, have gained prominence. Reacting to these concerns, the investment of domestic superannuation capital has emerged as a moral imperative to keep farmland in ‘national hands’. The paper thus stresses the need for a more nuanced differentiation between different kinds of ‘capital’ and particularly the way they are morally evaluated. The paper furthermore reveals that the linkages between capital and ‘nature’ are not forged in a random or arbitrary way. They are crucially shaped by the societal understanding of the legitimacy of certain kinds of capital and their associated motives and intentions as part of the broader understanding about the rules and principles that should govern economic activities.

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Mulyadi, Martin Surya, Maya Safira Dewi, Yunita Anwar, and Hanggoro Pamungkas. "Indonesian And Australian Tax Policy Implementation In Food And Agriculture Industry." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v3i1.170.

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<p>Tax policy is one of the most important policy in consideration of investment development in certain industry. Research by Newlon (1987), Swenson (1994) and Hines (1996) concluded that tax rate is one of the most important thing considered by investors in a foreign direct investment. One of tax policy could be used to attract foreign direct investment is income tax incentives. The attractiveness of income tax incentives to a foreign direct investment is as much as the attractiveness to a domestic investment (Anwar and Mulyadi, 2012). In this paper, we have conducted a study of income tax incentives in food and agriculture industry; where we conduct a thorough study of income tax incentives and corporate performance in Indonesian and Australian food and agriculture industry. Our research show that there is a significant influence of income tax incentives to corporate performance. Based on our study, we conclude that the significant influence of income tax incentives to Indonesian corporate performance somewhat in a higher degree than the Australian peers. We have also concluded that Indonesian government provide a relatively more interesting income tax incentives compare to Australian government. However, an average method of net income –a method applied in Australia– could be considered by Indonesian government to avoid a market price fluctuation in this industry.</p>

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Ma, Xiao, Zhe Zhang, Yan Han, and Xiao-Guang Yue. "Sustainable Policy Dynamics—A Study on the Recent “Bust” of Foreign Residential Real Estate Investment in Sydney." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 5856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205856.

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We undertook an autopsy of the drivers of individual foreign real estate investment ‘bust’ in Australia through a new theoretical lens of ‘habitus’. Our autopsy data drew contours around the individual foreign real estate capital ‘boom and bust’ cycle, as well as the long-term commitment of professionals in the real estate sector to Australia’s real estate market. More specifically, we showed that the foreign capital ‘boom and bust’ cycle began in earnest in about 2010 (starting at A$8.7 billion), grew to A$72.4 billion in 2016–2017, and then declined to A$12.5 billion in 2017–2018. This decline in foreign capital into Australian real estate occurred within a domestic real estate market in Sydney that also started to slow in 2017. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with real estate professionals in Sydney and public material culture data, we found out that the off-the-plan apartment sales and global policy landscape changes contributed to the decline of foreign real estate investment in Australia. The three possible implications for Sydney’s future residential real estate development: (1) The loss of investors, (2) the evolution of the labor force, and (3) the diversification of housing products, have been raised as part of a future research road map.

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Bowman, Megan, George Gilligan, and Justin O'Brien. "Foreign investment law and policy in Australia: a critical analysis." Law and Financial Markets Review 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/17521440.8.1.65.

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LAYTON, ALLAN P., and TONY MAKIN. "ESTIMATES OF THE MACROECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN AUSTRALIA." International Economic Journal 7, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739300080026.

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Thorpe, Michael, Nuno Carlos Leita, and N. A. o. "Economic growth in Australia: globalisation, trade and foreign direct investment." Global Business and Economics Review 16, no. 1 (2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/gber.2014.058079.

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Fry-McKibbin, Renée, and Than Thuong Nguyen. "Does Commercial Diplomacy Overcome Impediments to International Economic Flows? The Case of Australia." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-14011015.

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Summary This article empirically examines the effectiveness of commercial diplomacy in contributing to Australia’s merchandise exports and inbound foreign investment with 181 countries over the period 2010-2015. The combined effect of diplomatic entities increases Australian exports by 12.9 per cent and increases inbound foreign investment by 16.1 per cent compared to countries without representation. Commercial diplomacy is effective when there are impediments to exporting, such as markets being outside the region and having low economic freedom. Commercial diplomacy substantially boosts inbound investment from countries outside and within the region, from emerging and developed markets, and from countries with high levels of economic freedom.

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SHAN, JORDAN, and FIONA SUN. "DOMESTIC SAVING AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN AUSTRALIA: A GRANGER CAUSALITY TEST." International Economic Journal 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739800080030.

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DALY, MAURICE T., ROBERT J. STIMSON, and OLIVIA JENKINS. "Tourism and Foreign Investment in Australia: Trends, Prospects and Policy Implications." Australian Geographical Studies 34, no. 2 (October 1996): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1996.tb00114.x.

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Sadleir, Chris, and Greg Mahony. "Institutional Challenges and Response in Regulating Foreign Direct Investment to Australia." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 28, no. 4 (December 2009): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2010.00041.x.

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Reid, Sacha, and Eddo Coiacetto. "Legislative policy environment as facilitator of foreign residential investment in Australia." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 23, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2017.1375645.

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Anwar, Syed Tariq. "FDI Regimes, Investment Screening Process, and Institutional Frameworks: China versus Others in Global Business." Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 2 (April 1, 2012): 213–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012008.

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The main purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyse foreign direct investment (FDI) regimes and their screening processes, institutional frameworks, and business environments in world trade. China's FDI regime is specifically compared with that of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Other countries (France, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, and Switzerland) were also included in the discussion to evaluate their regulatory and investment issues. By using interdisciplinary literature, secondary data, and research surveys and reports from multilateral institutions, the study investigates the changing profile of FDI regimes in world trade. The paper reveals that China's FDI regime has embraced significant changes to attract foreign investment. Currently, the Chinese market is open yet restricted in its own regulatory environment and institutional hurdles. Investment regimes in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom continue to change to attract foreign investment that is critical to their economies. We believe that more country- and industry-specific studies are needed to investigate FDI regimes and their institutional frameworks. In today's world trade, China is particularly an interesting case study since the country aggressively attracts foreign investment while keeping its hybrid economy. Policymakers, multinational corporations (MNCs), governments, and researchers need to pay attention to today's changing FDI regimes because of growth opportunities and MNC expansion. The study provides useful discussion and meaningful implications that can be used by policy analysts and practitioners worldwide.

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Puig, Gonzalo Villalta. "Trade and Investment Relations between the European Union and Australia: For a Bilateral Economic Integration Agreement." European Foreign Affairs Review 17, Issue 2 (May 1, 2012): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2012022.

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The European Union (EU) is Australia's largest economic partner. It has been so for more than twenty-five years. Yet, the EU remains the only major trading and investment partner with which Australia does not have an Economic Integration Agreement, either in force or under negotiation. This article analyses the legal and policy issues that affect their trade and investment relations. Despite the existence of an EU-Australia Partnership Framework, a declaration in the process of revision into an agreement, the article considers that attention diversion from larger trading and investment partners, for the EU, and opposition to the distortive effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), for Australia, are the two main reasons for the low priority that each party attaches to bilateral trade and investment liberalization with the other. Nonetheless, an Economic Integration Agreement is, it argues, a mutually beneficial strategy: there remain duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce on trade between the EU and Australia that are amenable to bilateral elimination in the interest of further trade creation without the subsequent potential for any significant trade diversion. This article, aware of the difficulty of compromise over agriculture, makes a flexible and pragmatic call for a bilateral agreement on trade in services and trade-related investment measures. Services trade and investment are not sensitive areas for either party and an agreement to facilitate them would duly recognize the EU as Australia's largest partner for trade in services and its largest source and destination of foreign direct investment. It concludes that barrier reductions, if not their elimination altogether, in these two non-sensitive areas are likely to make up a significant proportion of the likely benefits of a comprehensive agreement. Their delay (or even loss) might outweigh the possible benefits from barrier reductions to sensitive sectors. Agriculture and other sensitive sectors that require further negotiation over a longer period of time could be the subject of built-in agendas.

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Purdy, B. "HOW COMPETITIVE IS THE AUSTRALIAN INCOME TAX REGIME FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION?" APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00049.

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‘Australia must have a taxation system which equips it for the coming decades, not for those that have passed. If we do not achieve this, Australians will not enjoy the standard of living this nation has the potential to deliver’ (Ralph et al, 1999).One of the outcomes of the increasingly global nature of the resource industry is countries, especially those in close proximity to each other, are now competing for investment in resource projects. A key factor for investors assessing competing resource projects is the host country’s fiscal regime, including income tax, as this can significantly affect a project’s profitability and cash flow.The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the income tax regime and issues currently facing the upstream Australian oil and gas industry (Sarich, 20001 ). In particular, this paper will:examine the Federal Government’s Review of Business Taxation and identify how the announcements impact on exploration and production activities;compare the Australian income tax regime on exploration and production to other countries in the region with whom Australia competes for investment and capital; andcomment on income tax issues facing Australian resource companies when conducting foreign activities.

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Drysdale, Peter, and Christopher Findlay. "Chinese foreign direct investment in Australia: policy issues for the resource sector1." China Economic Journal 2, no. 2 (September 2, 2009): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538960903083467.

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Ville, Simon, and David Tolmie Merrett. "Investing in a Wealthy Resource-Based Colonial Economy: International Business in Australia before World War I." Business History Review 94, no. 2 (2020): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680520000264.

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The article is a rare investigation into multinational activity in a wealthy resource-based colonial economy toward the end of the first wave of globalization. It challenges the conventional wisdom that multinationals had a limited presence in pre-1914 Australia, where government loans and portfolio investment from Britain into infrastructural and primary industries dominated. Our new database of nearly five hundred foreign firms, from various nations and spread across the host economy, shows a thriving and diverse international business community whose agency mattered for economic development in Australia. Colonial ties, natural resources, stable institutions, and high incomes all attracted foreign firms.

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Louw, P. E., N. K. Rivenburgh, E. Loo, and G. Mersham. "It's the Bush: Foreign Perceptions of Australia — A Comparative Study." Media International Australia 99, no. 1 (May 2001): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0109900115.

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Cities compete to host the Olympics because it is a unique global public relations opportunity to attract tourism, foreign investment, and international respect. However, hosting an Olympics also entails risks because host cities and countries must survive intensive international media scrutiny. Whether the Sydney Olympics will redefine overseas perceptions of Australia either positively or negatively is still to be established. Our study will address this question through an empirical, cross-cultural profiling of foreign perceptions of Australia from 1999 to 2001 in various countries to see whether responses differ, and/or whether similar patterns of change are observable across cultures at different points in time (pre- and post-Olympics). In parallel, media coverage of the 2000 Olympics (and Australia) is being monitored in the countries being studied. If any attitude shift is detected from 1999 to 2001, explanations can be sought from the recorded media coverage. This article represents the results of the first stage of the study — an examination of overseas attitudes towards Australia and stereotypes of Australians in 1999.

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Sumanto, Listyowati. "Aspek Yuridis Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Di Australia." Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 204–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/prio.v4i2.384.

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Common law system in the commonwealth of Australia has affecting the conception of land law, particularly in land rights regulations, including on certain restrictions r prohibitions on land ownership. How does the type of land rights regulations and how is restrictions on land ownership by foreigners and foreign legal entities set forth in accordance with the Autralian Law? This study is used type of doctrinal legal research and descriptive. Qualitative anlysis required by doctrinal research. The types of land ownership has various periods of time, known as “estates”, the y are consists of: (a) Fee simple, Fee and Fee Absolute or Estate or Freehold; (b) Fee Tail Esatate; (c) Life Estate; (d) Leasehold Foreigners and foreign legal entities intending to purchase real estate are subject to the provisions of the Foreign Acquisition and Takeovers Act 1975. An Applicatio n by a foreign investor must be made to the Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) who will the advise the Treasure to either approve or disallow the acquisition. The treasurer has provided an authorization to the Executive Member and other senior division staff of FIRB to make decision which are consistent with FIRB’s plicy. Proposals that involve issues of special sensitivity are decided by the Treasurer.Keywords: Land Rights, Autralian.

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Srabani Roy Choudhury. "Economic trade between Australia and India: A case study of foreign direct investment." Thesis Eleven 105, no. 1 (May 2011): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513611400388.

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Sekiguchi, Sueo. "Japanese Direct Foreign Investment and the Pacific Region with Special Reference to Australia." Policy, Organisation and Society 4, no. 1 (June 1992): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10349952.1991.11876770.

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Gremminger, Nicolas, and Jörg Risse. "The Truth About Investment Arbitration (not only) under TTIP Four Case Studies." ASA Bulletin 33, Issue 3 (September 1, 2015): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2015040.

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In the course of the negotiations between the European Union and the United States about the “Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership” (TTIP) the aspects of investment protection and investment arbitration have attracted much press attention. They have become key targets of criticism and massive attacks. Investment arbitration has been depicted as some obscure and undemocratic mechanism that helps rich companies to exploit poor countries. The discussion has become so agitated that oftentimes the underlying facts got out of sight. The goal of the present article therefore is to shed some light on these facts and thereby trace the heated discussion back to an objective, sober-minded level. The authors explain in a step-by-step approach how investment protection in bilateral/multilateral investment treaties works and what standard principles of protection these treaties typically grant to foreign investors (e.g. no direct/indirect expropriation without compensation; no discrimination against foreign investors; the duty to accord fair and equitable treatment to foreign investors). These legal basics are then filled with life by the illustration of four publicly known investment arbitration case studies: Adem Dogan v. Turkmenistan, Philip Morris v. Australia, Vattenfall v. Germany and Walter Bau v. Thailand. The authors conclude that much of the current criticism is unfounded as it ignores factual realities and new developments in international investment arbitration.

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Van Hoa, Tran, Lindsay Turner, and Jo Vu. "Economic impact of Chinese tourism on Australia." Tourism Economics 24, no. 6 (April 23, 2018): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618769077.

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China’s trade, tourism and limited foreign direct investment (FDI) to Australia have been regarded as playing an important part in Australia’s growth and prosperity in recent years. In spite of the fact that these activities are the three principal growth determinants in modern economic integration theory, growth studies based on this theory’s structural framework, while highly appropriate, have hardly been undertaken. This article proposes to fill the gap by formally developing an endogenous causal model of simultaneous growth and tourism for policy analysis. In this model, trade, FDI and tourism are specified as the main contributing factors to growth. Simultaneously, gravity theory (including growth) and the Ironmonger–Lancaster new consumer demand theory determine tourism, while ‘economic conditionality’ potentially affecting both growth and tourism in the sense of Johansen is recognized and incorporated. The model is then applied to Australian and Chinese data for the important post-Japanese tourist boom period 1992–2015, to provide substantive findings on three questions: the impact of Chinese tourism to Australia, Chinese tourism determination and the effects of Chinese trade and key macroeconomic indicators on Australian economic growth. Significant policy implications are then developed for use by government tourism planners and policymakers.

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ZHANG, HONGXIA, and HEEHO KIM. "FOREIGN BIAS OF SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND AND SPATIAL SPILLOVER EFFECTS." Singapore Economic Review 64, no. 02 (March 2019): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081747004x.

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This study explores a foreign bias model to examine if the degree of foreign bias of sovereign wealth fund depends on the spatial spillover effects of cultural distances. Using the spatial panel data of foreign investment by sovereign wealth fund in 2008–2014, we empirically test (1) whether the relationships between return, risk and foreign bias of sovereign wealth fund are statistically significant and (2) whether this relationship depends on the spatial spillover effects of cultural distances. The evidence strongly supports our hypotheses across six target countries (Australia, Canada, China, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States).

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Zhang, Dandan, Chunlai Chen, and Yu Sheng. "Public investment in agricultural R&D and extension." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2014-0052.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of public investment in agricultural R&D and extension on broadacre farming productivity in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regression model is applied to estimate the effects of public investment in agricultural R&D and extension on Australian braodacre productivity. Findings – The study reveals that public investment in agricultural R&D and extension has contributed almost two-thirds of average annual broadacre productivity growth between 1952-1953 and 2006-2007, the average internal rate of return to public investment in agricultural R&D and extension was 28.4 and 47.5 per cent a year, respectively, and overseas spill-ins is an important source of domestic agricultural productivity growth. Practical implications – Policy implications: the findings suggest that increasing public investment in agricultural R&D and extension and maintaining agricultural R&D policy stability are equally important to have a sustained long-term agricultural productivity growth, and maintaining an open trade and investment regime is important to benefit from foreign knowledge spillovers which is especially important for developing countries. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the existing literature by employing more sophisticated econometric techniques with an extended data set for the period from 1952-1953 to 2006-2007. The study separates the contribution of public R&D investment and the extension investment, and also takes into account the contribution of overseas public investment on the TFP growth in the Australian broadacre sector.

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Henderson, R., and D. Watkins. "AUSTRALIA’S NEW INTERNATIONAL TAXATION REGIME—THE FISCAL IMPACT FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 46, no. 1 (2006): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj05035.

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Changes to Australia’s international tax regime as part of the Government’s Review of International Taxation Arrangements should be good news for the oil and gas industry. The nature of the industry is that Australian -based companies often look offshore to spread their risk and find new oil and gas opportunities. Likewise, many foreign oil and gas companies have come to Australia. The tax reforms should simplify and encourage greater investment by providing additional exemptions and other concessions to achieve greater tax efficiency. This paper will seek to explain the new reforms and illustrate how they will benefit investors and participants in the oil and gas industry.

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Hundt, David. "The changing role of the FIRB and the politics of foreign investment in Australia." Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 328–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1766415.

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Wong, Peng Yew, Woon-Weng Wong, and Kwabena Mintah. "Residential property market determinants: evidence from the 2018 Australian market downturn." Property Management 38, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-07-2019-0043.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to validate and uncover the key determinants revolving around the Australian residential market downturn towards the 2020s. Design/methodology/approach Applying well-established time series econometric methods over a decade of data set provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, Reserve Bank of Australia and Real Capital Analytics, the significant and emerging drivers impacting the Australian residential property market performance are explored. Findings Besides changes in the significant levels of some key traditional market drivers, housing market capital liquidity and cross-border investment fund were found to significantly impact the Australian residential property market between 2017 and 2019. The presence of some major positive economic conditions such as low interest rate, sustainable employment and population growth was perceived inadequate to uplift the Australian residential property market. The Australian housing market has performed negatively during this period mainly due to diminishing capital liquidity, excess housing supplies and retreating foreign investors. Practical implications A better understanding of the leading and emerging determinants of the residential property market will assist the policy makers to make sound decisions and effective policy changes based on the latest development in the Australian housing market. The results also provide a meaningful path for future property investments and investigations that explore country-specific effects through a comparative analysis. Originality/value The housing market determinants examined in this study revolve around the wider economic conditions in Australia that are not new. However, the coalesce analysis on the statistical results and the current housing market trends revealed some distinguishing characteristics and developments towards the 2020s Australian residential property market downturn.

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EDGINGTON, D. W. "Australian Institute of Urban Studies 17th Annual Conference, Canberra: 1984 Urban impacts of foreign and local investment in Australia." Australian Geographical Studies 23, no. 1 (April 1985): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1985.tb00490.x.

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Sebire, Tamara. "PESA 2010 production and development review." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10011.

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2010 was another busy year for Australian hydrocarbon production and development. Natural gas production was the standout performer with both domestic gas and LNG production increasing by about 5% compared to 2009. Domestic gas output was strong with significant growth in production from the Gippsland Basin, coal seam methane in the Surat-Bowen Basin, and the start-up of the Blacktip gas project in WA. Domestic gas output is set to reach record levels again next year and has strong growth prospects in the future with final investment decisions being taken on coal seam gas projects in Queensland and the Macedon project in WA. Australian LNG production increased 4.5% in 2010 accounting for 34% of Australian hydrocarbon production. LNG production will grow further in 2011 with first gas expected from Pluto LNG project during the year. Oil production was steady in 2010; however, it is set to increase in 2011 with a full year of production from the Van Gogh and Pyrenees projects. Production levels only tell part of the Australian hydrocarbon story. In addition to the proposed domestic gas and oil projects, the combined value of committed and potential LNG projects in Australia has surpassed $100 billion. A highlight of 2010 was the final investment decision on the A$15 bn Queensland Curtis LNG Project (QCLNG). The first phase of QCLNG will consist of two LNG trains with a combined capacity of 8.5 million tonnes per annum, with first LNG exports expected in 2014. QCLNG is the first of many proposed coal seam gas to LNG (CSG-LNG) developments in Queensland. Other CSG-LNG projects reached significant milestones this year. Of particular note is the federal environmental approval of Gladstone LNG and state environmental approval of Australia Pacific LNG. In WA, the Browse LNG project complied with all Browse Basin retention lease conditions and remains on track for a targeted final investment decision in 2012. Other major LNG projects including Ichthys and Wheatstone also continue to make positive progress towards a final investment decision in the next 24 months. Sunrise, Prelude and Bonaparte LNG set a technology milestone in the industry with all three selecting floating LNG (FLNG) as their preferred development concept. 2010 has also seen the emergence of further new technologies in the form of small scale LNG projects for resources previously considered un-commercial. This has opened the door for South Australia and New South Wales to enter the LNG export market in the future. The Australian hydrocarbon industry continues to grow and its global importance, particularly in LNG, reflected by the increasing number of foreign companies entering Australia. In 2010, Shell and PetroChina increased their involvement in the Australian industry purchasing Arrow Energy for A$3.5 bn. CNOOC has increased its involvement in a number of areas, including purchasing a 5–10% stake in QCLNG and investment in CSM exploration through Exoma Energy. GDF Suez and Total have reinvigorated their interests in offshore WA and Petrobras made their first entry into Australia acquiring an interest in exploration acreage offshore WA. 2010 was an active year for Australian hydrocarbon production and development–continued success depends on the successful execution of committed and proposed projects. Escalation of development costs and a looming skills shortage remain the largest risks to the Australian hydrocarbon industry as multiple projects attempt to move forward simultaneously.

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Chen, Mengdi. "Comparison and Analysis of the Current Situation of the Educational Quality of Translation Master’s Education in China and Abroad." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): p85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v4n1p85.

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With the development of science and technology, the accelerated pace of China’s economy going global, and the increase of foreign investment, the demand for translation talents has increased significantly. This paper describes the development history of MTI in China, the European Union and Australia, and discusses the similarities and differences of the talent training programs for Chinese and foreign masters in translation from the perspectives of admission methods, schooling systems, training categories, and curriculum settings, and puts forward suggestions for talent training for masters in translation.

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Shirai, Sayuri, and Eric Alexander Sugandi. "Cross-Border Portfolio Investment and Financial Markets Development in the Asia and Pacific Region." International Business Research 12, no. 5 (April 17, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n5p14.

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This study examines cross-border portfolio investment in the Asia and Pacific region throughout 2001–2017, where rapid increases in investment have taken place particularly after the 2008–2009 global financial crisis. Cross-border portfolio investment in this region has the following characteristics. First, equity has been a dominant source of foreign liabilities notwithstanding efforts to develop bond markets in the region. Second, debt securities have remained dominant foreign assets held by the region. Third, the region’s assets and liabilities linkages have remained overwhelmingly strengthened against the United States and the European Union. However, the region has also witnessed greater intra-regional financial integration, centering at China with growing linkages with Hong Kong and Singapore. Fourth, Japan as a country with the largest abundant domestic capital in the region has remained predominantly exposed to the United States and the European Union. Within the region, nonetheless, debt securities issued by Australia have increasingly attracted Japan’s capital.

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Rafidi, Zac, and George Verikios. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Review and Re‐Analysis of Evidence from Australia." Australian Economic Review 55, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12443.

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Zeller, Bruno, and Bill Cole. "Australian Trade Agreements – A Divergence between Trade Policy and Business Outcomes – Can They Deliver Trade-related Growth for Australia?" Global Journal of Comparative Law 3, no. 2 (September 26, 2014): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00302004.

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The recently negotiated Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (jaepa) is the latest in a series of trade agreements that seek to create a trading environment for Australian firms delivering outcomes similar to those anticipated under the wto multilateral model. However, the gains to business and the economy from this approach to trade policy have been particular to specific economic sectors and have generally not resulted in significant broad based economic benefits. In particular, the negotiation of trade agreements by Australia has been characterised by the reduction of trade-in-goods barriers (tariffs etc) which have assisted some agricultural and resource activities and compromised value adding, high employment sectors of the economy such as manufacturing. In contrast, Australian trading partners have increasingly sought concessions relating to Foreign Direct Investment (fdi), allowing their businesses to vertically integrate productive activity. The apparent disconnection between Australian trade policy outcomes and the requirements of business and the broader economy stem from failures at both the fundamental level of policy creation and the negotiation and implementation of the agreements. This paper argues that Australian trade policy needs to develop a new, more flexible and responsive model of trade negotiation in order to better serve the economy and its businesses.

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KANG, Taewook. "Problems of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.2(40).16.

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The research deals with Problems of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) focused on Investment Arbitration. The author especially focuses on the problems under BIT (Bilateral Investment Treaties) and FTA (Free Trade Agreements. Mentioned in this article, International investment disputes are generated due to host countries and foreign investors. ISDS is Dispute settlements between investors and countries. This is not suit proceedings but arbitration proceedings. That is, ‘activities of the third party to arbitrate and settle disputes by intervening between parties in dispute. ’However, Dispute Settlement through this way, is it really reasonable and fair system? If it is indeed fair and reasonable system, advanced countries like the United States and Australia would not have abandoned it. Therefore, the investment arbitration system is never a dispute settlement proceeding that has been verified and stabilized internationally.

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Esposto, Alexis, Malcolm Abbott, and My Tran. "Increasing Complexity: Australia’s foreign policy links with Latin America, 1973 to 2019." Estudios económicos 39, no. 79 (June 25, 2022): 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2022.2976.

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This paper provides an analysis of the evolution of engagement and trade between Australia and Latin America. These regions are seen as competitors, but trade and engagement has recently increased. We examined this growth from the 1970s, by analysing trade, foreign direct investment, and migration and tourism flows. This article investigates how both parts of the world have engaged and dealt with international conflicts, either in terms of diplomatic or multilateral cooperation. The paper concludes that there are many possible channels for cooperation and further trade and engagement open to both.

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Stimson, R. J., O. H. Jenkins, B. H. Roberts, and M. T. Daly. "The Impact of Daikyo as a Foreign Investor on the Cairns — Far North Queensland Regional Economy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 1 (January 1998): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300161.

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Foreign investment has played a major role in the development of tourism in the Cairns-Far North Queensland region of Australia, one of the nation's most internationalised regional economies. As the owner of a significant number of hotels and tourism operations, the Daikyo Corporation from Japan is the major foreign player, contributing substantially to employment and regional production. In this paper we use input-output analysis to estimate the contribution of Daikyo to the regional economy, which is shown to be positive and considerably greater in its export-to-import ratio effects, than is the case for the total industry sectors.

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KAWAI, MASAHIRO, and KANDA NAKNOI. "ASEAN’s TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: LONG-TERM CHALLENGES FOR ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Singapore Economic Review 62, no. 03 (October 7, 2016): 643–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590818400040.

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This paper explores the long-term challenges for economic integration of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) through trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). The region has emerged as an important production base for global multinational corporations by joining East Asia’s supply chains. While proceeding to establish the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by the end of 2015, ASEAN has also forged five major free trade agreements (FTAs) with its dialogue partners (China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, and Australia–New Zealand) and is currently negotiating the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. In addition, four ASEAN member states have completed Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations. Econometric evidence suggests that (i) trade flows and inward FDI mutually reinforce each other, i.e., an increase in trade flows stimulates inward FDI and vice versa; (ii) a larger market tends to attract more inward FDI; (iii) FTAs tend to help stimulate inward FDI; and (iv) strong institutions, good physical infrastructure, and low costs of doing business are critical in boosting inward FDI. The paper suggests that in the long run it is ASEAN’s interest to further integrate itself with the rest of Asia and the world (through a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific and an Asia–Europe FTA), while substantially deepening its internal integration (by moving from the AEC to a customs and economic union) and thereby maintaining ASEAN centrality.

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Goodwins, David, Kanupriya Negi, and Peter Van Diermen. "Gearing up for Trade—Evaluating Australia's Contribution to Trade Facilitation in South East Asia and the Pacific." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1701700106.

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Trade facilitation refers to the simplification and harmonisation of international trade procedures to assist the movement of goods. It is a key factor for international trade efficiency and the economic development of countries. It has gained world prominence and recognition under the World Trade Organization's (2015) Trade facilitation agreement. Trade facilitation obstacles are now considered bigger barriers to trade than tariffs and quotas. Developing countries are increasingly looking at trade facilitation measures to enhance administrative efficiency and effectiveness, reduce costs and time to markets, and increase predictability in global trade. But how is Australia positioned to assist countries with this transition? The Gearing up for trade evaluation assessed the effectiveness of Australia's support for trade facilitation in Asia and the Pacific, and examined whether the investments have assisted partner countries to better integrate with regional and global economies. The evaluation focussed on four major Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) trade facilitation investments and found that they have been effective in addressing capacity issues, encouraging pro-poor outcomes, and exemplify good global practice. To assist with future programming, the evaluation recommended some practical improvements to the DFAT program and investment managers in the use of integrated approaches, private sector engagement, gender equality and women's economic empowerment, and monitoring and evaluation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Investment, Foreign – Australia'

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