Dissertations / Theses: 'Investment Attitude'

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Rodrigues, Cunha Gustavo <1976&gt. "Power, self-deception biases and risk attitude in investment clubs." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3885/1/Rodrigues_Gustavo_tesi.pdf.

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Rodrigues, Cunha Gustavo <1976&gt. "Power, self-deception biases and risk attitude in investment clubs." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3885/.

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Abdulahad, Jennifer, and Lisa Nordling. "Inget vågat, inget vunnet : En kvantitativ studie om skillnader i riskbenägenhet mellan män och kvinnor utifrån demografiska faktorer och geografiska områden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29831.

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Problem: This study aims to examine the factors that influence the individual's different choice of risk level. Demographic characteristics are the underlying factors being analyzed in the study with a special emphasis on geographic factors – this in order to analyze and explain the Swedish individual’s approach to risk. Based on certified private advisers’ perspective, the study will also examine their approach to manage individuals’ risk. Purpose: Studying the differences in risk aversion among individuals when making investment decisions, based on demographic factors and geographical areas. Theory: The essay’s theoretical framework deals with theories covering behavioral finance, the risk appetite development in individuals at a demographic and geographic way, and an overview of previous research on the subject. Method: We conducted a quantitative study in which 340 respondents were asked to answer a survey. We also interviewed three certified counselors from three different banks in Sweden. Conclusions: In line with behavioral finance theory, people are not rational when making investment decisions. The study concludes that people in big cities tend to be more risk-averse than people in smaller cities. Sex is shown to be a differentiating factor with men having a higher risk-aversion than women. A higher income and level of education leads to a higher risk attitude and marital status affects the risk appetite where a married person has a higher risk appetite than a person who is single. Age and education, showed to have no relationship to the level of risk.

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Ashmawy, Ibrahim. "Foreign direct investment into Egypt and its determinants, 1974-1995 with particular reference to the attitude of the multinational corporations to the Egyptian government's investment policy since 1989." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264606.

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Akhtar, Muhammad Waqar. "Behavioral issues in retirement savings." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0058.

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Cette thèse de doctorat examine les aspects comportementaux de l'épargne-retraite, en se concentrant sur trois chapitres empiriques. La recherche étend la littérature existante en examinant l'impact de la littératie financière sur l'épargne-retraite, en comparant les pays avec différents niveaux de développement financier. De plus, l'étude explore le rôle des traits de personnalité dans la formation du comportement d'épargne, en utilisant une analyse de données à grande échelle. Une contribution unique de cette recherche est la combinaison de données micro et macro pour étudier la relation entre ces facteurs et l'épargne-retraite. L'étude examine comment la protection des investisseurs et l'attitude face au risque d'un individu influencent leur comportement d'épargne. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier en profondeur le comportement des individus envers leurs objectifs d'épargne pour la vie post-retraite, en mettant en évidence le rôle important joué par la littératie financière et les traits de personnalité dans ce processus.Le premier chapitre de notre thèse examine la relation entre la littératie financière et l'épargne-retraite, en utilisant des données de l'Enquête sur les finances et la consommation des ménages (HFCS). Pour analyser l'impact de la littératie financière sur le comportement d'épargne, l'étude se concentre sur le Luxembourg et la Slovaquie, qui ont différents niveaux de développement financier. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que le niveau de littératie financière parmi la population du Luxembourg est plus élevé que celui de la Slovaquie. L'analyse empirique indique que la littératie financière est positivement associée à l'épargne-retraite au Luxembourg, tandis qu'aucune relation significative n'est trouvée entre la littératie financière et l'épargne en Slovaquie. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du rôle de la littératie financière dans le comportement d'épargne-retraite et ont des implications importantes pour les décideurs politiques.Le deuxième chapitre de notre thèse examine l'impact des cinq grands traits de personnalité sur le comportement d'épargne des individus. Les cinq grands traits de personnalité, notamment l'Ouverture, la Conscience, l'Extraversion, l'Agréabilité et la Névrose, sont largement reconnus par les psychologues comme des dimensions fondamentales qui façonnent le comportement humain. L'étude utilise des données de la base de données SHARE et couvre un échantillon de 27 pays européens. Les résultats suggèrent que les traits de personnalité influencent significativement le comportement d'épargne, et en particulier, les traits d'Ouverture et d'Agréabilité ont un impact positif sur le comportement d'épargne. Les résultats de ce chapitre fournissent des informations importantes sur le rôle des traits de personnalité dans l'épargne-retraite et ont des implications pratiques pour les planificateurs financiers et les conseillers.Le troisième et dernier chapitre de la thèse examine la relation entre la protection des investisseurs, l'attitude d'investissement et le comportement d'épargne. L'étude examine si la protection des investisseurs peut jouer un rôle important dans le comportement d'épargne-retraite des ménages et si elle peut aider les individus à adopter une attitude de risque plus favorable envers l'épargne-retraite. L'analyse se concentre sur l'impact de la protection des investisseurs et de l'attitude face au risque sur le comportement d'épargne et l'interaction entre les deux facteurs. L'étude utilise des données de la Banque mondiale pour la protection des investisseurs et de la base de données SHARE pour les données des ménages. Les résultats indiquent une relation significative entre la force de la protection des investisseurs, l'attitude face au risque d'un individu et le comportement d'épargne-retraite
This PhD thesis investigates the behavioral aspects of retirement savings, with a focus on three empirical chapters. The research extends the existing literature by examining the impact of financial literacy on retirement savings, comparing countries with different levels of financial development. Additionally, the study explores the role of personality traits in shaping savings behavior, using large-scale data analysis. A unique contribution of this research is the combination of micro and macro data to investigate the relationship between these factors and retirement savings. The study examines how investor protection and an individual's risk attitude influence their savings behavior. The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate thoroughly individuals' behavior towards their savings goals for post-retirement life, highlighting the important role played by financial literacy and personality traits in this process.The first chapter of our thesis examines the relationship between financial literacy and retirement savings, using data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). To analyze the impact of financial literacy on savings behavior, the study focuses on Luxembourg and Slovakia, which have different levels of financial development. The findings of our research reveal that the level of financial literacy among the population of Luxembourg is higher as compared to that of Slovakia. The empirical analysis indicates that financial literacy is positively associated with retirement savings in Luxembourg, while no significant relationship is found between financial literacy and savings in Slovakia. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of financial literacy in retirement savings behavior.The second chapter of our thesis investigates the impact of the big five personality traits on individuals' savings behavior. The big five personality traits, including Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, are widely recognized by psychologists as fundamental dimensions that shape human behavior. The study utilizes data from the SHARE database and covers a sample of 27 European countries. The results suggest that personality traits significantly influence savings behavior, and in particular, the traits of Openness and Agreeableness have a positive impact on savings behavior. The findings of this chapter provide important insights into the role of personality traits in retirement savings and have practical implications for financial planners and advisors.The third and final chapter of the thesis examines the relationship between Investor Protection, Investment Attitude, and Savings Behavior. The study investigates whether investor protection can play an important role in retirement savings behavior among households and whether it can help individuals adopt a more favorable risk attitude towards retirement savings. The analysis focuses on the impact of investor protection and risk attitude on savings behavior and the interaction between the two factors. The study utilizes data from the World Bank for investor protection and from the SHARE database for household data. The results indicate a significant relationship between the strength of investor protection, an individual's risk attitude, and retirement savings behavior.Our thesis focuses on retirement savings, a critical area of research due to its impact on financial security. We examine the impact of financial literacy, personality traits, and investor protection on savings behavior. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and financial practitioners. These factors are essential considerations in understanding retirement savings behavior. Policymakers can use our findings to design effective retirement savings policies and programs

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Ihli, Hanna [Verfasser], Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Mußhoff, Matin [Akademischer Betreuer] Qaim, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Klasen. "Decision Making under Uncertainty in Developed and Developing Countries: An Experimental Analysis of Farmers’ Risk Attitude and Investment Behavior / Hanna Ihli. Gutachter: Matin Qaim ; Stephan Klasen. Betreuer: Oliver Mußhoff." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052337961/34.

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Ihli, Hanna Verfasser], Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mußhoff, Matin [Akademischer Betreuer] Qaim, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Klasen. "Decision Making under Uncertainty in Developed and Developing Countries: An Experimental Analysis of Farmers’ Risk Attitude and Investment Behavior / Hanna Ihli. Gutachter: Matin Qaim ; Stephan Klasen. Betreuer: Oliver Mußhoff." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5EEA-1-8.

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Bowler, Sarah. "Public Attitudes and Transport Infrastructure : Implications of Public Attitudes for Transport Infrastructure Investment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4049.

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In light of future public spending on public transport, a survey was designed to study public attitudes towards bus and rail systems, the trust invested in their infrastructure, and the perceptions regarding value added by the amenity to real estate. A sample of N=396 respondents from the Lower Hutt and Eastbourne areas of Wellington, New Zealand were divided into three groups; Waterloo, a high public transport access area for the collection attitude data; The two remaining areas Petone/Eastbourne, and Woburn were manipulation cites, where rail access was either removed or introduced in a hypothetical scenario. Results showed more positive, and universal attitudes towards rail, while attitudes to bus were influenced by a number of demographic measures. Revealed preferences showed a disinclination to use the bus when rail is available. Respondent showed greater trust in the stability of rail over bus infrastructure. Reactions towards the rail removal scenario were negative; house prices were expected to decrease. Reactions to the rail inclusion scenario were ambivalent, when they were expected to be positive. Loss aversion is cited as a possible explanation for this pattern of results. Recommendations are made for a reduced priority on bus development within rail serviced areas, and further research to confirm results.

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Paquin, Pauline. "Les effets de la surconfiance des dirigeants sur les décisions managériales : le cas des dirigeants français du SBF 120." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB015.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse au biais de surconfiance des dirigeants et analyse ses effets sur les décisions comptables et financières. Après avoir défini les contours de ce biais, nous réalisons une revue de la littérature sur la surconfiance du dirigeant et de ses effets pour l’entreprise. Les recherches proposent des conclusions contrastées quant à ces effets. Pour tester les impacts de ce biais, nous réalisons une base de données originale et analysons le comportement des dirigeants du SBF 120 pour la période 2006–2016. Nous montrons que la surconfiance des dirigeants influe sur la sensibilité des investissements au cash-flow et sur la gestion du résultat. Un apport original de cette recherche est de montrer que des mécanismes de gouvernance efficaces peuvent mitiger les effets du biais ou au contraire les encourager en fonction des motivations de l’actionnaire de contrôle. Nous montrons également que l’appartenance du dirigeant à la famille de contrôle modifie l’expression de son biais
This dissertation focuses on CEO’s overconfidence and analyze its effects on accounting and financial decisions. After having defined the outlines of this bias, we conduct a literature review on the CEO’s overconfidence and its effects for firms. Research offers mixed conclusions about these effects. To test the impacts of this bias, we set up an original database and analyze the behaviour of CEO’s of SBF-120 over the 2006-2016 period. We show that CEOs’ overconfidence affects the investment cash-flow sensitivity as well as earnings management. An original contribution of this research is to show that effective governance mechanisms can mitigate the effects of the bias or, on the contrary, encourage them, according to the motives of the controlling shareholder. We also show the fact that the CEO’s belonging to the controlling family modifies the expression of one’s bias

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Muller, Jonathan. "Analysis of KiwiSaver Investment Fund Choice Behavior." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7911.

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The popularity of KiwiSaver, combined with a demographic shift to an ageing population, will make savings invested in KiwiSaver an important source of income in retirement. To investigate the investment fund choices by KiwiSaver members a survey was circulated among 134 people; 87 KiwiSaver members, and 47 non-members. Respondents answered questions on their investment behavior, knowledge, and risk attitudes towards investment in general, and KiwiSaver. The results show investment in KiwiSaver tends to be conservative as a result of low levels of involvement, knowledge, and risk tolerance, and is more common among females. Investment in riskier growth funds is mostly by younger people and those who are risk tolerant as measured by the KiwiSaver Risk Profile.

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Chijioke, Matthias Ikenna. "Strategies to Sustain Small-and-Medium Sized Business Enterprises." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3146.

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Eighty-five percent of all firms operating in Nigeria are small-and medium-sized business enterprises (SMEs) and contribute almost 55% to the gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigeria. Capital flight and other growth inhibitors pose threats to the sustainability of SMEs in Nigeria. This exploratory multiple-case study was to determine strategies SME leaders use to sustain business operations in Nigeria. The study participants consisted of 15 SME leaders from 3 regional manufacturing firms who had successfully implemented strategies to sustain SMEs in Nigeria. Bertalanffy's general systems theory and Freeman's stakeholder theory were the conceptual frameworks used in the research. The data collection processes included semistructured interviews and reviewing company documents. After analyzing the interview data and validating through member checking, 5 core themes emerged during the data analysis process: creating new markets, encouraging opportunity for sustainable growth, securing additional funding sources, employee participation in decision making, and gaining competitive advantages. The findings may promote social change among the business community leaders by identifying essential characteristics to improve the posterity of SMEs in Nigeria.

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Nduom, Nana Kweku. "Country of Origin Investment| Experience, Attitudes, and Motivating Factors in the Ghanaian Diaspora." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10744312.

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The body of research on the economic activities of diaspora communities has developed over several decades by researchers in a variety of academic disciplines, including economics, sociology, and entrepreneurship. Although international business (IB) research is primarily concerned with the internationalization of large, mature corporations, the cross-border economic activities by individuals, particularly from those who have crossed borders themselves (diasporans) has been identified as a significant gap in the existing body of literature (Cano-Kollmann, Cantwell, Hannigan, Mudambi, & Song, 2016; Ramamurti, 2004, 2011). This dissertation helps to fill this research gap by exploring homeland investment interest (Gillespie, Riddle, Sayre, & Sturges, 1999) in the context of the US-based Ghanaian diaspora. My dissertation makes three specific contributions to the existing international business literature. Firstly, I test the theory of diaspora investment motivation (Nielsen & Riddle, 2010) in a novel environment. Secondly, I draw the distinction between interest in diaspora direct investment and diaspora portfolio investment, identifying key differences in their antecedents. Finally, I investigate how sub-national location affects country of origin investment interest.

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Caerlewy-Smith, Emiko. "Investment decision making : attitudes and actions of UK defined benefit pension fund trustees." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443601.

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Elias, Marc Brett. "The influence of corporate carbon disclosure on investor decisions and attitudes in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25373.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate and explore the influence that corporate carbon disclosure has on investor decision-‐making and associated attitudes. The researcher conducted semi-‐structured interviews with individual investors and institutional investors and fund managers operating in the South African environment in order to gain appropriate insights about their attitudes towards the place of carbon disclosure in the investment analyses. Additionally, semi-‐structured interviews were held with three prominent petroleum companies operating in the oil and gas industry in South Africa. The results of the research were categorised into four themes that emerged upon analysis of the research findings, namely: the evolution of commercial thinking in terms of carbon emissions and carbon disclosure; the relevance of disclosing carbon emissions and disclosure practices; the association of risk, sustainability and liquidity and investor time horizons; and the emerging market of socially-‐responsible investors. The researcher found that there is a positive impact on investor attitudes with regard to their investment decision-‐making as a result of the carbon disclosure of companies.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Hudson, Sarah J. "Attitudes to investment risk amongst West Midland canal and railway company investors, 1760-1850." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36407/.

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Attitudes to environmental and investment risk are examined to determine whether they were a defining characteristic of middle-class behaviour in the period 1760 to 1850. Approximately 6,000 investors in eleven canal companies and seven railway companies were investigated to determine whether evaluation and mitigation of investment risk is determined by socio-economic background and gender. Investment risk was defined as inadequate access to, and imperfect interpretation of, information. The effectiveness of information transfer through public and private spheres was examined and the effect of differential access to these information conduits, as a consequence of gender or socio-economic background, was investigated. Investors' response to the risk environment of early death, war and unpredictable economic cycles was examined. Each canal company and the group of railway companies was ranked according to the level of investment risk during both the construction and operating period, using a mix of quantitative and qualitative tests. The risk preferences of 'economic' and 'financial' investors were compared. The strategies used by each group of investor to mitigate risk were examined. The study provides new evidence of the effective transmission of national market sentiment by the 1770s, but reveals that the physical market in canal company shares remained local and continued its separate existence long after the institutionalised national market for railway shares was established. Perceptible differences in the risk assessment and risk mitigation strategies of different groups of investors were observed. This was attributed to differential access to information, which in turn was attributed to gender and social, political and religious affiliation. The study provides evidence that although differences in behaviour were observed amongst groups within the sample population, it shared common investment strategies and that attitudes to risk and risk mitigation should be considered as valid criteria for class differentiation.

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Pleis, Letitia Meier. "Investment decisions: Influence of an Internet stock message board." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5130/.

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The Internet provides many sources of financial information that investors can use to help with investment decisions and in interpreting companies' accounting information. One source of information is Internet stock message boards such as those at Yahoo! Finance. This source allows for anonymous postings and information exchange. Despite the possibility of the information being incorrect many individuals visit these message boards. The purpose of this study is to investigate Internet stock message boards and address the primary question: From an individual investor perspective, do message boards, which contain accounting information, influence investment decisions? The question is addressed using psychology rumor literature and attitude theories. Message board postings are a type of rumor, since not all the information is verified and is usually intended to persuade a belief or influence a decision. Further, the messages may influence an investor by causing a change in attitude about the investment. Using an experiment, message board influence on an investment decision and attitude was tested. The results indicated that individuals that received negative message board postings did have a significantly higher change in investment amount as compared to a control group that did not receive any message postings. The positive message board group and the control group were not significantly different in their amount of investment change. The results of the study also show that message board postings influenced attitude, those that received negative (positive) postings had a negative (positive) attitude about the investment. It was further found that those with a negative (positive) attitude decreased (increased) their investment. Finally, contrary to expectations, investment experience did not lead to an individual being less influenced by message board postings. This study contributes to the accounting literature by investigating an additional source of Internet financial reporting that may or may not contain correct information. The SEC is concerned over the manipulative opportunities that are available within these message boards and many investors are exploring these new sources of information instead of relying on traditional accounting information. This study finds that negative postings have an influence on investment decision and possibly should be investigated as manipulative techniques.

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Leech, Irene E. "The intention to save for retirement: the influence of attitudes and subjective norms." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51934.

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America's population is aging. People are living longer and medical advances continue to make that true. Many citizens count on social security as a major source of retirement income. Future retirees will find that there will be fewer workers to support them and unless the nation stops borrowing from the social security fund to finance the deficit, there will be less money for retirees. All of this means that it is important for individuals to save for retirement. Martin Fishbein developed the Behavioral Intention Model to explain various behaviors. According to the model, attitude and subjective norm explain the variation in the intention to behave a certain way and there is a high correlation between intention and behavior when using this model. Indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm increase understanding of these variables. The Fishbein model and an extended version of it, to which demographic variables were added, were tested in this study. Five hundred Virginia Tech classified employees received the mail survey instrument, which was based upon Dillman's specifications, in June 1988. A 74.6% response was received. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, t-tests, multiple regression, and path analysis. While the Fishbein model accounted for 22% of the variation in the intention to save for retirement, the extended model accounted for 40% of the variation. In addition to attitude, number of assets, having a dependent child between the ages of 5 ard 13, number of years expected to live after retirement, and age made significant contributions to the variation in the intention. It was concluded that the extended model is a better theoretical framework for explaining the intention to save for retirement. There were statistically and practically significant differences in the indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm for those who intended to save and those who did not. However it was apparent that neither group believed that saving now will assure than of financial security in retirement. Additional research is needed to further explore the variables which influence individual's intentions to save for retirement.
Ph. D.

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Gamel, Johannes [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Menrad, Klaus [Gutachter] Menrad, and David [Gutachter] Wozabal. "Individual Investors and Socially Responsible Investments – Attitudes and Preferences in the Context of Wind Energy Investments / Johannes Gamel ; Gutachter: Klaus Menrad, David Wozabal ; Betreuer: Klaus Menrad." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159703493/34.

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Vieira, Pedro Nuno Rino Carreira. "Attitudes towards risk in financial decision making." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11632.

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Doutoramento em Gestão
Risk and attitudes towards risk play a central role in several areas such as economics and psychology. Interestingly, in economics risk attitudes are addressed under the umbrella of the Utility Theory, while in psychology they are measured by psychometric scales. Risk attitudes in financial decision making are here studied under both approaches with the concern of understanding how they are related. So, I propose a conceptual model that explains risk attitudes, I translate to Portuguese the DOSPERT - Domain-Specif Risk- Taking scale and apply it in Portugal and Angola, I measure risk attitudes under Utility Theory and with DOSPERT, in order to bring new insights about their relationship, and I address the link between risk attitude and consumption needs. Among the main contributions, I propose a cause-effect model that helps solving the puzzle of individual inconsistent risk attitudes, I also propose a short version of the DOSPERT scale that can be used in Portugal and Angola, allowing comparisons between them, I report that risk attitudes depend on the consumption need underlying each financial investment decision and that risk attitudes under Utility Theory capture a more intrinsic and global risk attitude that impacts the risk attitude unveiled in each decision as measured by DOSPERT.

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Lawrence, Ian T. "The finance of biotechnology : investment in new biotechnology firms by British venture capitalists-attitudes to, and evaluation of, business proposals." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10830/.

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A notable feature of the recent commercialisation of biotechnology has been the success of 200 or so new firms, established in America since 1976, in exploiting specialised market niches. A key factor in their formation has been the ready availability of venture capital funding. These firms have been instrumental in establishing America's lead in exploiting biotechnology. It is this example which Britain has attempted to emulate as part of its strategy for developing its own biotechnology capabilities. This thesis investigated some aspects of the relationship between biotechnology and venture capital, concentrating on the determinants of the venture capitalist's investment decision. Following an extensive literature survey, two hypothetical business proposals were used to find what venture capitalists themselves consider to be the key elements of this decision. It was found that venture capitalists invest in people, not products, and businesses, not industries. It was concluded that venture capital-backed small firms should, therefore, be seen as an adjunct to the development of biotechnology in Britain, rather than as a substitute for a co-ordinated, co-operative strategy involving Government, the financial institutions, industry and academia. This is chiefly because the small size of the UK's domestic market means that many potentially important innovations in biotechnology may continue to be lost, since the short term identification of market opportunities for biotechnology products will dictate that they are insupportable in Britain alone. In addition, the data analysis highlighted some interesting methodological issues concerning the investigation of investment decision making. These related especially to shortcomings in the use of scoresheets and questionnaires in research in this area. The conclusion here was that future research should concentrate on the reasons why an individual reaches an investment decision. It is argued that only in this way can the nature of the evaluation procedures employed by venture capitalists be properly understood.

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Mbzibain, Aurelian. "An empirical investigation into the uptake, motivations and constraints and the factors affecting farmers' renewable energy investment intentions." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/298090.

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The rate of adoption of renewable energy (RE) production and associated enterprises onfarms in the UK has been lower than expected suggesting that the UK government’s energy, agricultural and climate change objectives may not be achieved. The aim of this research is to investigate why this is the case by assessing the uptake, motivations, constraints and the factors affecting farmers’ RE investment intentions. Building on extant research literature (institutional theory, social cognition theory, theory of planned behaviour and the resource based view) a novel comprehensive and multidimensional model of entrepreneurial intentions was developed and tested using principal component, path and multivariate regression analysis techniques. Data were collected to test the model through a sample of 2000 farmers in the West Midlands Region of the UK. Of the 393 farmers who responded, 14% adopted RE enterprises, with half of adopters reporting slight to significant improvements in farm business performance in 2009. Solar panels were the most popular of the RE technologies available to farmers, compared to biomass related technologies. The study found that the most influential personal level factors contributing to the adoption of RE and associated technologies were cognitive such as the level of education. Of current 338 non-adopters, 66% might decide to invest in RE technologies over the next five years. For these potential adopters, the study shows that the type of tenure, educational attainment and the type of farm business diversification activity in which a farmer is engaged are the most significant personal and farm business situational factors which influence farmers’ RE investment intentions though contrary to expectation current non-adopters assessed the policy support framework more favourably than current adopters. The explanation of this seems to be connected with timing, in that two very positive and encouraging signals in relation to ii Feed in Tariffs (2010) and the Renewable Heat Incentive (2011) were underway or near introduction before this research took place. The study provides the first empirical evidence of the effects of the multidimensional measures of the country’s institutional profile on farmers’ RE investment intentions. Secondly, it clarifies the distinct role played by national formal and informal institutions on farmers’ investment intentions showing that informal institutions and not formal regulatory factors have a direct effect on farmers’ intentions to invest in RE enterprises. Thirdly, the investigation reveals that social acceptability of entrepreneurship in the RE sector is negatively related to investment intentions and moderates the efficacy of formal government policies in influencing entrepreneurial behaviour in the RE sector. The study concludes that any study that relies only on one type of institution will be making significant prediction mistakes. This study provides further support for cognitive based process models of intentions by showing strong significant positive effects of perceived self-efficacy and perceived desirability of RE enterprises on investment intentions. In fact, the study shows that farmers’ attitudes towards RE explain the highest amount of variance in investment intentions over and above the combined effect of external resource and institutional factors. The study illustrates that perceived self-efficacy and perceived desirability of RE enterprises mediate the effect of the rich set of exogenous variables investigated in this study on investment intentions and argues that policy makers need to focus on improving the regulatory, cognitive and normative institutional environments as a way to improve attitudes towards RE and consequently their intentions to invest in these enterprises.

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Chan, Hing-lung, and 陳興龍. "Mapping the political risk perceptions and strategies of Hong Kong Chinese entrepreneurs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574468.

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Törell, Kent, and Emil Axelsson. "Framtidens Finanser : En studie om svenska individers attityder till finansiellt risktagande." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73675.

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Sammanfattning Den finansiella marknaden har under de senaste decennierna till stor del präglats av både stark ekonomisk tillväxt och stora kriser, detta har lett till att risken relaterad till sparande och investeringar har blivit allt viktigare att kontrollera och undersöka. Samtidigt visar statistik från SCB att de svenska hushållen investerar allt mindre i aktier vilket kan skapa problem, både för den finansiella branschen i sig och det framtida välståndet. Dagens pensionssystem riskerar att inte klara framtidens ökande utbetalningsnivåer som krävs för att underhålla en allt större, äldre befolkning, som även lever allt längre. Detta är ett problem som gäller för hela EU och därför blir det allt viktigare med ett privat sparande, och därigenom att investera rätt. För att hjälpa privatpersoner att investera rätt, genom att utnyttja sin nivå av risktolerans, samtidigt som man gör det lättare för kreditgivare och rådgivare att kunna erbjuda korrekta produkter och investeringsstrategier, syftar denna studie huvudsakligen till att undersöka om det finns samband mellan olika demografiska och socioekonomiska variabler och nivåer av risktolerans. Med hjälp av tidigare studier valdes följande variabler att undersökas: kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå, relationsstatus, sysselsättning och inkomstnivå. Som verktyg för att mäta nivåer av risktolerans valdes Grable och Lyttons 13-items risk assessment instrument, vilken har genomgått ett flertal validitetsprövningar. Då majoriteten av forskningen inom finansiell risktolerans har genomförts på den amerikanska marknaden särskiljer sig denna studie då den riktar in sig på svenska individer, från 18 år till pension. Metoden för att få in svar har varit med hjälp av en enkätstudie, både via internet och genom pappersenkäter på ett antal arbetsplatser runt om i landet. Resultatet blev totalt 206 fullständiga enkäter och stark signifikans återfanns hos kön (99 procent konfidensintervall), där män i genomsnitt hade högre risktolerans än kvinnor. Även inkomstnivå var signifikant, med ett konfidensintervall på 90 procent, men visade att sambandet inte var perfekt positivt linjärt (låg inkomst = låg risktolerans, hög inkomst = hög risktolerans). Studien syftade även till att söka övriga förklaringar och samband som risktolerans också påverkar, med hänsyn till: sparande, pensionssparande, investeringsval, framtidsutsikt för den finansiella marknaden samt förändring av investeringsbeteende på grund av de senaste årens finansiella oro.Detta resulterade i att: 13,5 procent svarade att de inte hade något som helst privat sparande; mer än hälften av individerna uppgav att de inte har något privat pensionssparande; individer med högre inkomster valde oftare aktier som främsta investeringsval än de med lägre inkomster, som föredrog sparkonton; en övervägande majoritet har inte ändrat sitt investeringsbeteende men 25 procent av respondenterna angav att de investerar mindre nu till följd de senaste årens finansiella oro på marknaden samt att 40,6 procent angav att det är mer riskfyllt med värdepapper idag; mer än hälften av respondenterna angav att de känner en viss oro inför sin framtida pension.

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Johnsson, Fredrik. "Language requirements for Swedish citizenship : Adult language learners' attitudes towards the Swedish language test for immigrants." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183494.

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In line with the global trend of increased language requirements for naturalization, the Swedish government decided in 2019 to introduce a language test for citizenship. Drawing on Norton Peirce’s (1995) notion of investment and Fraser’s (2000) definition of participatory parity, this study investigates adult second language learners’ attitudes towards the test and analyzes how investment in language learning and perception of possibilities for participatory parity influence their views. Furthermore, the study considers some of the potential consequences of the new policy, for example, for acts of linguistic citizenship (Stroud, 2018). Eighteen SFI-students at level 3C, one of the highest levels at the language course, responded to a questionnaire. Nine respondents favored the test, four opposed it, four were neutral, and one was unsure. Interviews were conducted with six volunteers out of these participants, five out of six were supporters of the language test. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically. While all participants were motivated to learn Swedish, the findings indicate how diverse forms of capital, ideologies, and desired or actual identities in Swedish, that is, the nature of their investment and perceived possibilities for economic and social participation, influenced their attitudes towards the language test. Furthermore, supporters of the test considered that the language requirement would improve possibilities for participatory parity, whereas the opponents emphasized the risk of misrecognition and misrepresentation. The policy redefines Swedish citizenship: by making a test of Swedish language mandatory for prospective citizens, it formally demands that immigrants learn Swedish provided they want to integrate. As the results suggest, however, the participants in this study were engaged in a wide range of acts of linguistic citizenship in Swedish and had similar reported proficiency levels, regardless of their opinions of the Swedish test. The study calls for more research on the effects of language requirements for naturalization to examine to what extent and in what ways a language test for citizenship affects already motivated language learners.

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Sutton, Ciara. "Foreign indirect investment in the venture capital industry : a study of foreign limited partners' impact on venture capital firms in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-507.

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Karthigesu, Shantha Premila. "The perceived influence of grandparents’ beliefs and attitudes on parents’ breastfeeding behaviour and paediatric vaccination decisions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2165.

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Human infants are highly dependent on their parents for a prolonged period of time. The resources required to raise a child cannot be provided by biological parents alone and requires the assistance of others, usually relatives. Grandparents among them, have played the most significant role. With increased life expectancy in Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic (WEIRD) societies, grandparents have come to the forefront as informal childcare providers. Although the influence of a child’s social environment on health has been well-studied, the influence of grandparents, specifically in regard to breastfeeding remains inconclusive, while grandparental influence on paediatric vaccinations has not been investigated. Using an exploratory mixed-method research design this study investigated the perceived influence of grandparents on parents’ breastfeeding behaviour and paediatric vaccination uptake in Perth, Western Australia. Focus group discussions were conducted to collect exploratory data on the beliefs, attitudes and perceived sources of influence on parents and grandparents towards breastfeeding and paediatric vaccines. Qualitative data was collected from Australian Aboriginal (N=15) and non-Aboriginal participants (N=73). Interpretative phenomenological data analysis revealed different themes for Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal participants. Although both groups reported positive beliefs and attitudes towards breastfeeding, Aboriginal grandmothers reported having a direct and positive influence on breastfeeding behaviour in young Aboriginal mothers. The influence of grandparents on non-Aboriginal parents’ breastfeeding behaviour was not always positive. The participants also shared positive beliefs and attitudes towards paediatric vaccines. Grandparents expressed full confidence in paediatric vaccines based on their memories of the diseases. Parents who had been vaccinated as children accepted immunisation as a normal part of child rearing. This data then informed the development of a questionnaire to quantitatively assess perceived grandparental influence. Data from mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers (N=278) were analysed to test the effects of beliefs, attitudes and perceived sources of influence on breastfeeding behaviour and paediatric vaccine uptake. The study sample was typical of WEIRD societies and reported high levels of educational qualifications and income. Positive attitude scores did not have a significant effect on breastfeeding behaviour in parents or grandparents. This suggested the influence of external factors such as physiological challenges to breastfeeding, physical ecology of the mother and the attitudes towards formula feeding. Maternal grandmothers did report offering the most advice regarding breastfeeding. However, the type of advice imparted and the effect of the advice on breastfeeding behaviour could not be discerned from this data. This cohort reported good knowledge on the benefits of paediatric vaccines and positive group influences and had low scores on vaccine anxiety. This was reflected by high confidence levels on the information available to them and the protection conferred to their children by vaccines. Grandparents who had high scores on knowledge and positive group influence reported they would advise their children on vaccinations for grandchildren. Less than 2% of the study sample scored high on vaccine anxiety and reported vaccine refusal and lack of confidence, which limited the study of whether grandparents could positively influence vaccine hesitant parents. The quantitative study sample is not representative of the average population which restricts generalisation of the findings. The precise nature of grandparents’ influence on parents’ infant feeding and paediatric vaccines need further exploration among the different cultural groups. Education, income levels and cultural and traditional child care practices are likely to have the most influence on the relationship between parents and grandparents, and consequently the extent to which grandparents’ opinions are valued and accepted in relation to breastfeeding and paediatric vaccinations decisions

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Pettersson, Oskar. "The Popular Response to the Ageing Crisis: A Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Effects of Demographic Ageing on Individuals’ Support for Welfare State Policy in 13 Advanced Democracies (1996-2016)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432532.

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This thesis examines the relationship between demographic ageing, as captured by temporal, within-country variation in the ratio of elderly to the working-age population – the dependency ratio – on citizens’ support for the welfare state. The research problem is vitally relevant considering the worsening demographic structure of advanced democracies, a process that is having considerable ramifications on the possibilities of financing comprehensive welfare states. Using a time-series cross-sectional design, and building on representative survey data from 13 advanced democracies, the thesis specifically assesses the relationship between the dependency ratio, and individual spending preferences towards 1) the welfare state as a whole, as captured by an additive index, 2) education policy, and 3) old-age benefits. It also assesses whether demographic ageing exacerbates attitude differences between age groups, thereby scrutinising some assumptions made previously on the issue of intergenerational cleavages. The thesis uncovers no significant relationship between the dependency ratio and general support for the welfare state. However, the dependency ratio is shown be positively correlated with citizens’ support for education policy, while being instead potentially negatively correlated with support for old-age benefits. The differences between these two policies, in terms of their enjoyed support, are important considering the presumed shift in welfare state priorities towards what is commonly called social investment. Indeed, they indicate that there may be popular support for the type of reform strategies whose purpose is to invest in tomorrow’s diminishing workforce, whereas the support for more compensatory old-age policies may instead be weakening. There are also signs that the positive effect on the support for education policy is lower among older individuals. This evidence is quite interesting considering the previous expectations of deepening intergenerational cleavages as a consequence of demographic ageing, but the weak indications of this development in previous empirical research.

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Gesovski, Daniel, and Erik Gunhamn. "Nudging : Ett verktyg för ett ökat hållbart sparande?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85206.

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Bakgrund: Det finns ett starkt intresse kring klimat- och hållbarhetsrelaterade frågor idag vilket speglar sig i allmän opinion och i politiska debatter. Den rationella investeraren antas placera sina pengar med hänsyn tagen till beslutskriterier som risk och avkastning. Men frågan är om etiska och hållbara ställningstaganden kommer till uttryck i människors val av placeringar? Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att testa ifall individer tenderar att välja socialt hållbara investeringar i större utsträckning då de reflekterar över sina attityder och värderingar kring etik och hållbarhet i samband med ett placeringsval. Teori: Studien grundar sig i en deduktiv ansats, där vi utifrån rådande teorier inom ekonomi och beteendevetenskap skapat ett antagande om människan. Antagandet är att människan investerar utifrån beslutskriterierna risk och avkastning, men att denne även har etiska värderingar och attityder som tenderar att falla bort vid placeringsvalet p.g.a. bristande rationalitet och kognitiv bias. Det uppstår därmed en dissonans mellan människans beteende och dess attityder och värderingar. Denna dissonansen ska reduceras genom en system 2 nudge som låter investeraren reflektera över sina värderingar och attityder rörande hållbarhet och etik innan placeringsvalet. Detta för att se om det kan leda till en högre andel placeringar i socialt hållbara investeringar. Empirisk metod: Den empiriska metoden bestod av ett enkätexperiment där två grupper av respondenter fick göra ett hypotetiskt placeringsval, men där experimentgruppens enkät innehöll en system 2 nudge innan valet. Resultat: Vår nudge fick ingen signifikant påverkan på respondenternas placeringsval. Detta kan delvis förklaras av ett felaktig antagande om människan som redan placerade mer hållbart än förväntat samt bristande effektivitet av vår system 2 nudge i kontexten av denna studie.
Background: Climate- and sustainable related questions are strong topics in today’s society and are highly debated by decision-makers. The rational investor is supposed make investments based on risk and return. But the question is if the concerns about sustainability and ethics really influence the decision of the investor? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test if individuals tend to invest more in SRI (Socially responsible investments) if they have a moment of reflection regarding ethics and sustainability before an investment decision. Theory: We apply a deductive approach, by creating an assumption of how humans function according to economics and behavioral science. Due to theory, humans can be seen as rational investors who solely make investment decision based on risk and return. But they can also have strong attitudes and values regarding social responsibility, which because of bounded rationality and cognitive bias tend not to be included as criteria in investment decisions. This creates a dissonance between the person's values and attitudes and their investment decisions. To make people invest more in consonance with their values and attitudes we construct a system 2 nudge that let them reflect about their view of ethics and sustainability before an investment decision. This can lead to increased investments in SRI. Empirical method: The empirical method consisted of a survey experiment in which the participants were asked to make a hypothetical investment decision. The treatment survey contained a system 2 nudge before the investment decision, while the control survey remained neutral. Results: The nudge, or the reflection of attitudes and values by the investor, had no significant effect on their investment decision. This can partly be explained by a wrong assumption of the rational investor who already invested according to their values and attitudes, and by a lack of effectiveness of our system 2 nudge in the context of this study.

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Soares, Ana Luísa. "Delineating efficient portfolios : can nonprofessional investors be efficient?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20431.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Na própria base da teoria financeira reside a teoria da tomada de decisões sob incerteza e risco. É crucial compreender como e por que razão as pessoas tomam decisões, bem como como as deviam tomar. Esta tese procura compreender melhor como os investidores não profissionais mas especialistas em finanças se comportam nos mercados financeiros e se tendem a escolha carteiras eficientes. Por isso, realizei uma experiência com uma amostra de alunos da pós-graduação de AF (29ª edição) para examinar como iriam calcular as suas carteiras entre uma seleção diversificada de ativos. Utilizando dados históricos, consegui calcular a Carteira Tangente e a Carteira de Variância Mínima com o objetivo de comparar com as Carteiras selecionadas pelos participantes. Os resultados sugerem que estes não são tendem a calcular a Carteira Tangente nem de escolher carteiras pertencentes à Fronteira Eficiente, não obstante o seu conhecimento técnico. Assim, na medida em que esta amostra representa investidores não profissionais que são especialistas em finanças, concluo que não se espera que esta classe de investidores tome decisões de investimento eficientes no sentido de Markowitz.
At the very foundation of financial theory lies the theory of decision-making under uncertainty and risk. Understanding how and why people make decisions, as well as how they should be making decisions, is crucial. This thesis seeks to better understand how nonprofessional investors who are experts in finance behave in the financial markets and if they tend to choose efficient portfolios. Therefore, I conducted an experience with students from the post graduation in Análise Financeira (29th Edition) to examine how they would compute their Portfolios among a diversified selection of assets. Using historical data, I was able to compute the tangency portfolio and the minimum variance portfolio in the Efficient Frontier with the aim of comparing with the Portfolios chosen by each student. I report that the great majority of respondents were not able to compute the Tangency Portfolio nor choose Portfolios belonging to the Efficient Frontier despite their technical knowledge. To the extent this sample represent experts on finance that are non-professional investors, I conclude that such class of investors are not expected to make efficient decisions in the Markowitz sense.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Kriel, Willem Jacobus Adriaan. "Persoonlike finansiële bestuur van NWK Beperk–werknemers / deur Willem Jacobus Adriaan Kriel." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4470.

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Personal financial management is an integrated part of modern man's everyday life. It does not only involve spending his monthly income. It comprises his outlook on life, the way he handles all his financial affairs as well as the way he goes about minimizing his financial risks. The financial plan that the individual has to provide for his retirement, to take care of his dependants as well as the way that the assets he acquired during this lifetime, must be distributed after his death, also forms part of this personal financial management. The main purpose of the study is to determine the levels of personal financial management practiced by employees of NWK Limited, as well as to determine the need for guidance in this regard. The following aspects of personal financial management are researched in chapter 2. These aspects were used to determine to what extent personal financial management was performed by having the study population anonymously complete a customized questionnaire. The following aspects were applied: * Attitude towards money. * Management style with regards to money. * Time value of money. * The financial plan. * Investments. The results of the study confirmed that there is a definite need for guidance with regard to personal financial management, especially under the younger employees as well as the personnel in the lower job levels of the company. Through the rendering of a tailored guidance programme, productivity as well as the quality of life, especially after retirement, could be improved significantly.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Lai, Yi-Ting, and 賴羿廷. "Financial Literacy, Money Attitude and Investment Performance." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74955454842081645328.

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碩士
世新大學
財務金融學研究所(含碩專班)
100
Over the past few decades, with Taiwan's economic take-off, many economic miracles were created. Although the economy continued to grow, unequal distribution of wealth became more and more severe. Only through investment, the general public can obtain considerable rewards in order to fulfill dreams in life. This thesis utilized questionnaire surveys to study Taiwan investors’ financial literacy, as well as the relations between financial literacy and investment performance. Related variable data were obtained, and empirical analyses were conducted. Besides, regression analyses were conducted as well according to each interviewee’s basic information, his/her financial literacy scores, and the actual investment performance. The research results revealed that the financial literacy score of the general public was 56.4432, which was a low number and considered as a borderline pass. The statistics showed that people emphasized insurance the most, and investment the least. In addition, there were three aspects (items) that can positively influence a person’s financial literacy, and they were “I understand my property status”, “I would feel nervous when I don’t have a stable salary or financial income”, and “the degree of willing to save pennies”. The influential factors of investment performance were analyzed. The results discovered that the financial literacy, the self-discipline of spending money according to budgets, and the recent three-year positive returns were significantly and positively related. The factor that affected the annual investment return during the financial crisis in 2008 was “the self-discipline of spending money according to budgets”. Usually, the general public believed that higher financial literacy can result in higher return on Investment Performance. However, this research discovered that they were irrelevant. Instead, having financial literacy is the crucial factor that will affect the investment performance. In addition, the most important one is “the self-discipline of spending money according to budgets”. The stricter a person is on this matter, the more positive investment performance he/she will get. Therefore, this thesis suggested that investors cultivate their financial literacy and set annual budgets. Those who can have disciplines and keep their financial budget plans can get better returns.

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WU, HUI-WEN, and 吳惠雯. "Personality, Financial Attitude, and Investment Behavior among Elementary School Teachers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yt6tah.

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碩士
長榮大學
管理學院經營管理碩士班
106
Personality, Financial Attitude, and Investment Behavior among Elementary School Teachers. Abstract The objects of study are elementary school teachers in Tainan. The study is to investigate the impacts of teachers’ personalities and attitudes of financial management on the investment behaviors. After questionnaire survey, the study uses descriptive statistic, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test to examine the hypotheses. The results of the study demonstrate that the educational background and yearly personal income have significant impacts on the external- control character. Different personalities have significant differences in attitudes of financial management. Teachers with internal- control character are inclined to have conservative attitudes of financial management. On the contrary, internal- control teachers are inclined to be stable. There are no differences between teachers’ personalities and investment behaviors including investment motives, investment information and investment tools. Top three items for investment motives are disposable capital utilization, capital gain and the dignified life after retiring. Top three items for investment information are relatives and friends, newspapers and magazines, media and internet. Top three items for investment tools are deposit, insurance and funds. Teachers of different ages, martial status, yearly personal income and total amounts of capital investment have significant differences in attitudes of financial management. Teachers of yearly personal income under a half million are inclined to have conservative attituds of financial management. Teachers of under 30 years old and above 51 years old are inclined to have stable attitudes of financial management. And those of above 51 years old, having children, yearly personal income above one million and total amounts of capital investment between one million and three millions are inclined to have positive attitudes of financial management. There are significant differences between the attitudes of financial management and investment behaviors upon investment information and investment tools. In the aspect of investment information, teachers of stable and positive attitudes of financial management are inclined to get information by reading newspapers and magazines in person. Teachers of conservative attitudes of financial management have no confidence, so the investment information is from the relatives, friends and financial advisors. In the aspect of investment tools, teachers of positive attitudes of financial management are brave to try and invest, so they take a risk to invest in stocks. Teachers of stable and conservative attitudes of financial management have no inclination to take a risk, so they choose the deposit with lower risk as the investment tool. Key words: elementary school teacher, personality, attitude of financial management, investment behavior

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Liu, Jing-Ping, and 劉景評. "Teachers’ Financial Attitude, Investment Behavior and Investment Performance: Using Elementary School Teachers in Yunlin County as Examples." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qrkph6.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
經營管理研究所在職專班
102
After financial turmoil in 2008, the world encountered the era of low interest. With inflation, elementary and junior high school teachers started paying for consolidated income tax. Upon the significant change of retirement system of military personnel, government functionaries and teachers and extension of average life-span, elementary school teachers must have correct financial attitude and investment behavior in order to create higher investment performance and maintain life level of themselves and family. According to research findings, the highest and lowest scores of elementary school teachers’ financial attitude are “my income will cover expenditure” and “I am familiar with products with investment experience and I have rich investment experience.” As to investment behavior, currently, elementary school teachers’ “use of spare funds” is main investment motivation. Elementary school teachers’ current highest investment information source is “relatives and friends”; elementary school teachers’ current main investment tool is “insurance”. Elementary school teachers’ main factor to select current investment tool is “degree of investment risk”. Regarding investment performance, in 2012, elementary school teachers’ average rate of return of investment portfolio was “0~9%”. As to difference analysis of demographic variables and elementary school teachers’ financial attitude, “gender” shows significant difference on “active”, “growing” and “stable”; “educational level” shows significant difference on “growing” and “stable”; “number of dependent relatives” shows significant difference on “stable”; different personal average annual incomes (including side jobs) show significant difference on “active” and “conservative”. As to difference analysis of demographic variables and elementary school teachers’ investment sources, regarding “gender”, except for “investment motivation”, the rest dimensions have significant difference. As to “age”, except for “investment factor”, the rest dimensions have significant difference. As to “marital status”, only “investment motivation” has significant difference. As to “educational level”, except for “investment factor”, the rest dimensions have significant difference. As to “personal average annual incomes (including side jobs)”, all dimensions have significant difference; as to “number of dependent relatives”, except for “investment tool”, the rest dimensions have significant difference. Regarding difference analysis between demographic variables and elementary school teachers’ investment performance, as to regression correlation analysis between elementary school teachers’ financial attitude, investment behavior and investment performance, elementary school teachers’ financial attitude as “active”, “conservative”, “growing” and “stable” will significantly and positively influence investment performance. “Investment motivation”, “investment tool” and “investment factor” of investment behavior significantly and positively influence investment performance.

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Chen, Shu-mei, and 陳淑美. "A Study of Money Attitude and Investment of Elementary School Teachers." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05385984990371856856.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
企業管理學系國際企業經營管理
96
A Study of Money Attitude and Investment of Elementary school teachers Student：Shu-mei Chen Advisor：Dr. Hsing-wen Wang International Master of Business Administration National Changhua University of Education ABSTRACT Lifestyle and social changes have influenced the motivations of financial investment vastly over past 10 years. With social values changes, money attitude and investment have inevitably caused a tremendous impact on modern people. Elementary school teachers are to be classified into stable income persons at home. How about their money attitude and financial investment? It is worthy to do discussion. This study selected the elementary school teachers as research subjects, the main purpose is to examine different elementary school teachers characteristic and money attitude have any impact on investment. A questionnaire survey was adopted to collect research data. The findings of the analysis are summarized as follows: (1) Significant differences in ages exist among common fund. (2) Significant differences in religion exist among common fund and other investment choices. (3) Significant differences in power/prestige exist among common fund and stock. (4) Significant differences in retention/preserve exist among stock and other investment choices. This research has lead to the following understandings: Elementary school teachers tend to be more conservative as far as money utilizing is concerned, emphasizing financial mapping, including future into their life planning. They are apt to be bothered by money issues. We hope that this result will help elementary school teachers get better understanding about their money utilizing attitudes and financial investment, and at the same time, they will include the finance course into their elementary curriculum, so that students will possess the correct financial management knowledge and attitude. Keywords : elementary school teachers, Money attitude, financial investment

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Wang, Chun-Syuan, and 王淳璿. "Determinants of investment behavior：the roles of personality traits and risk attitude." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4gebnp.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
管理研究所
105
This study mainly discusses five personality traits and their suitable financial products, and uses two factors : (1) Risk tolerance (2) Time pressure tolerance as the dependent variable, compared with past studies, this study begins with the measurement of the characteristics of the five personalities, the degree to which the risk tolerance and the time pressure tolerance are assessed, and then discusses whether the financial goods they choose are related to each other. This study uses questionnaires to collect data, and uses Pearson correlation analysis, ANOVA analysis, and Spearman analysis to examine whether the five personality traits are related to the sequencing of financial goods. The subjects of the study were the students of the National Colleges and universities and the second grade of the Institute, and the investment experience was mainly under one years, followed by two or three years. In this study, a total of 131 effective questionnaires were collected and the recovery rate was 87%. The results show that extraversion and experiential openness are positively correlated with risk tolerance, and there is no significant correlation between Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Agreeableness and risk tolerance. A person with a neurotic trait has a low time pressure tolerance; a person with a conscientious trait has a high degree of time pressure, an extrovert trait, a person with an experiential openness, and an agreeable trait that has no significant correlation with time pressure; among them, the openness to experience are higher than the agreeable characteristics of its risk tolerance, in addition, the openness to experience are higher than the conscientious characteristics of its risk tolerance. At present, there is no direct relationship between the five personality traits and the order of financial commodities. This study suggest that it should add different factors to explore if the big five personalities and financial products are related in the future, it is also possible to compare the public and professional investors by grouping, making use of the control group in the financial sector, one apply to the less experienced investors, and the other apply to professional investors to reduce the pressure tolerance of investors and to select the financial goods which suitable for them.

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Zhao, Jierui. "Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in North America: Comparing Canadian and U.S. Attitude." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7944.

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As China’s economy becomes larger—naturally, the global outflow of China’s foreign direct investment (FDI) has also been increasing at a rapid pace. One of the most popular regions for Chinese investment today is North America. Yet despite China’s great enthusiasm to invest in Canada and the US, Chinese firms have received much antagonism in North America. Often times, Chinese acquisitions are viewed in a negative light, and are even denied on grounds which appear to be erroneous. This study asks an important question: what are the political reasons and conditions behind the acceptance and rejection of recent Chinese FDI in North America? To answer this question, this study analyzed and compared Canada and the US in great detail. By observing the sectorial distribution of Chinese FDI, the institutional constructs, as well as the most controversial cases of Chinese takeovers in both countries, the study has found that hegemonic competition and institutional structure plays a major role in the evaluation of Chinese FDI. Hegemonic competition creates the perception that Chinese FDI is a threat in the US, while the institutional structure in US allows the negative perceptions of China to influence the FDI evaluation process. Derived from the two major factors, secondary factors such as the policy preference of lawmakers, as well as the type of FDI itself are also important determinants of Chinese FDI in North America. As a result, Chinese FDI is more likely to be denied in America. While in Canada, due to the absence of a Sino-Canadian rivalry, Chinese FDI is perceived with more normalcy. Hence, Chinese FDI is less likely to be denied in Canada.

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Tseng, Hsin Yang, and 曾信洋. "Investment Factors, Risk Attitude on Asset Allocation：An Empirical Study of Military People." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42376648200453778447.

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碩士
國防管理學院
國防財務資源研究所
95
This research invests the influences of investment factors and the attitude towards risk on the investor’s asset allocation. The asset allocation includes several investment behaviors such as the choice of investment tools, the total amount of investment and the different kind of investment. The findings may help the related departments to offer better investment service to their customers. 　　Using the questionnaire investigation, the sample is drawn from the military force Taiwan. 　　The results show that (1) the investment factors are information source, profit ability, product acquaintance, investment motion, investor’s belief and macroeconomic situation. The attitude towards risk can be measured by three factors such as risk aversion, risk neutral and risk taking. (2) the investors can be classified into four clusters; respectively, information dependence, rational conservation, no special preference and function pursuance. Different clusters have significant different feature and asset allocation. (3) Finally, the research gives some suggestions to meet the investment need for different investor clusters.

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Chien-PingChiu and 邱健萍. "A Study on Junior High School Student’s Attitude toward Risk for Investment." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76802175882504868451.

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碩士
健行科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
104
With the ninth-grade students in one school respectively in northern and southern region of Taiwan as the questionnaire survey respondents, this study aims to verify whether the risk attitude of financial behavior of junior high school students conforms to prospect theory. According to empirical study results, junior high school students in northern and southern region always show an attitude of risk aversion whether they are faced with gains or losses, and the overall risk attitude is consistent; from the perspective of prospect theory, there is certainty effect as well as isolation effect for junior high school students in northern and southern region; however, in terms of losses, there is no reflection effect as well as the phenomenon of mental account or frame dependence. Thus, it can be known that risk attitude of junior high school students in northern and southern region belongs to risk aversion. Based on the study results, it is also shown that the risk tolerance of junior high school students in northern and southern region has the tendency of risk aversion.

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Chen, Kwa-Yu, and 陳冠予. "How Does Money Attitude and Risk Perception impact on Investment Behavior of Mutual Fund." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9w9r3.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
金融營運所
96
The study aims to understand the relation between money attitude and risk perception in the investment behavior of mutual funds. Questionnaires were given to employees of banking institutions and to investors. 260 valid questionnaires were received and the structural equation model was used to analyze the relation of investment behavior to money attitude as well as to risk perception. The results were divided into two parts: (A) Variation in population differentiation 1. Gender status: female investors are much more anxious in their money attitude than are male investors. 2. Marriage status: married investors who have children enjoy the power and fame brought by money, much more than do unmarried investors or married investors without children. 3. Age: investors who are under 35 years old enjoy the power and fame brought by money much more than do investors more than 35 years old; they are much more anxious in their money attitude than are investors under 35 years old. 4. Individual total investment amount: investors who invested less than 500,000 NTD have a conservative money attitude compared to investors who invested more than 500,000 NTD. They believe that investment timing is important. (B) Structural equation model 1.Investors who invested in equity funds were influenced by investment timing, fund quality, anxiety factors and risk perception. 2.Investors who invested in currency funds were influenced by anxiety factors. 3.Investors who invested in bond fund were influenced by fund quality. As a result, investors who are facing higher risk are often influenced by fund quality and risk factors. Investors who invested in currency funds felt unsafe about money and investors who invested in a fixed income commodity have a higher requirement in terms of living standard.

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CHEN, CHIA-YING, and 陳佳盈. "A Study of Young Generation’s Attitude and Its Impact Toward Investment in Capital Market." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38tmay.

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碩士
中華大學
企業管理學系
106
The size and the activeness of a capital market is a window of a country’s economic strength and future growth. With the awareness of financial market globalization, a healthy capital market is the drive for a country’s future economic growth Currently, investors in Taiwan’s stock market are comprised of people mostly in their late 40s or 50s, and the younger generations are not actively participants in the capital market, which might cause the staggering in Taiwan’s capital market development in the future. The need for young people to actively participate in Taiwan’s capital market is inevitable. This study tries to explore the reasons why young people are not interested in investing stocks, and to reason why young people's investment ratio has declined, and finally proposed ways to encourage young investors to participate in the capital market. This study examined a random sample of young Taiwanese ethnic groups. Total of 515 questionnaires were collected, of which 311 questionnaires are valid. The SPSS was employed to calculate statistical result. Descriptive statistical analysis and reliability were also performed. This study found that income level, family norms, school education and age, are significant factors that influence young generation’s investment decisions. The study found that young people are hesitated to invest in stock market because lacking of financial knowledge and skills. Therefore, it is suggested that more financial education should be included in the curriculum. In addition, financial institutions should offer more investment workshops which are particularly tailored for beginner investors. It will help to encourage young generation to start investing in stock market and becoming active investor in the capital market. Keywords: Investment Tools, Investment Behavior, Home Education, Young People

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41

Chang, Yuan-Ming, and 張原銘. "A Study of Money Attitude and Investment Behavior of ElementarySchool Teachers in Miaoli County." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/949d84.

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碩士
嶺東科技大學
經營管理研究所
102
Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate opinions of money attitudes and investment behavior of elementary school teachers in Miaoli County. Teachers' money attitudes and current status of investment behavior were first analysis. How teachers’ backgrounds affect their money attitude and investment behavior was then discussed. Finally, the correlation between money attitude and investment behavior was reported. Using questionnaires and stratified random sampling to achieve the research objectives, distributed to 102 school year teachers in public elementary schools in Miaoli County. Three hundred eighty-six valid responses accounted for 94.61% of all questionnaires distributed. Studying data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson's Correlation were conducted. Statistical analyses revealed the following findings: 1. Teachers’ agreement of money attitude was anguish and anxiety cautious and conservative. Generally cautious conservative attitude towards. 2. In a different gender, age, qualifications in attitudes toward funding the money. 3. In investment behavior, the top for main motivation are "the use of idle funds". The top for investment information are "friends". The top for investment vehicles are "bank". The top for choose a major factor are "investment risk". 4. People in different backgrounds have remarkable different reasons for investment behavior. 5. Money attitudes and investment behavior have related of elementary school teachers in Miaoli County. Keywords: elementary school teacher , money attitudes , investment behavior

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42

Chen, Po-Ming, and 陳柏銘. "The impact of longevity risk and risk attitude on investment and consumption decisions of households." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48833878566484260957.

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碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士班
98
This research designs a simulation of household’s lifetime consumption and asset allocation, combine the income, net assets and life expectancy with the decision-making of experiment from questionnaire by experimental economists. Through two experiments to research different risk attitude of the households in consumption and investment decisions weather affect by the longevity risk. The empirical results show that (1) education level and net assets as inversely related to the absolute risk aversion; but net assets and income as positive related to the relative risk aversion. (2)In consumption decision-making, whether or not consideration longevity risk, the household tend to more risk averse have less consumption ratio; and in the investment decisions, consider the longevity risk in retirement will be held higher proportion of risk-free assets and lower proportion of risky assets. (3) If the household organization are female, highly education level, more children, low life expectancy and tend to risk aversion, when above face the longevity risk, they will increase the risk-free assets and reduce the risk of assets to decrease the impact of longevity risk.

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Huang, Kun-Hsiang, and 黃琨翔. "The Study of the Effects of Investor´s Risk Attitude on Fund Investment and Asset Allocation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30658055512264897724.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
96
With the development of economy in Taiwan, the individual wealth becomes two-peak distributed at present. Therefore, personal investment becomes more important issue. The fund investment has not only lower risk than stock investment, but also higher profit than certificate of deposit. Hence, the fund investment becomes more popular in Taiwan. In general, investors would like to choose the invest that has low risk but high profit. However, these two objects are conflict, but hardly achieve simultaneously. This study discusses the effect of the investor’s risk attitudes on the choice of fund by multi-objective decision model and sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the decisions of fund choosing and asset allocation for three different types of investors (i.e., risk-neutral, risk-aversion, and risk-seeking investors) have also been discussed and the results may help any investor on fund investment. This study found that the risk-neutral investors whose profit and risk utilities are linear prefer “Latin America burgeoning market equity fund” among the funds, since it had the highest utility according to the data observed in this study period. This fund was classified as high-profit and high-risk. The funds investing in developing countries may have very high return, but also accompany high risk. During this study period, the extreme high profit causes risk-neutral ignore the high risk behind this investment. Although, in general, risk-neutral investors are thought be as not risk-seeking and not risk-aversion. However, this study showed that risk-neutral investors will choose the fund with the greatest expect profit even it comes from a fund that has very small chance to gain extreme profit. Risk-aversion investors are defined as one whose utilities functions have lesser changes when the rate of return and annualized standard deviation of the fund increase. This research showed that “global (except U.S.A.) equity fund” has better profit in short-term investment, but “global short duration bond fund” can get the highest utility for risk-aversion investors according to the observed data. This result suggested that, for risk-aversion investors, the long-term investment on the worldwide, stable and low-risk fund would be a better choice. This study showed that the risk-seeking investors whose utilities functions have larger changes when the rate of return and annualized standard deviation of the fund increase put emphases on profit rather than the risk. The decision model showed that the utility of “Latin America burgeoning market equity fund” is highest for this type of investors. As descript previously, it may have much greater return in investing in developing country although it also accompanied very high risk. However, for risk-seeking investors, it was more important to gain high profit than to avoid risk. In fact, fund managers may decide the risk attitude of investors first before provide any investment suggestion. Multi-objective decision models for three different types of investors (e.g., risk-neutral, risk-aversion, and risk-seeking investors) were provided in this study, and found that the fund investment may be affected by the risk attitude of the investment and the time period of investment. It was general to gain profit in logh-term fund investment. Therefore, the investor should make a suitable choice based on his/her preference and risk attitude.

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Chang, Yu-Cheng, and 張祐誠. "The Study of Money Attitude, Perceived Risk and Consumer Purchase Intention on Investment Linked Insurance Products." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26374639832505202325.

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碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士班
101
There are both investment and insurance on investment linked insurance products. It began in 2001, and rapid expansion on life insurance industry until 2007,the market share rate was 61.8%. Go thought 2008 Financial Crisis, investment linked insurance products accumulation account value were decreased. Then, investment linked insurance products design innovation. This study focus on money attitude, perceived risk and consumer purchase intention on investment linked insurance products after 2008 Financial Crisis and 2011 European Debt Crisis. Based on Yamauchi and Temple''s Money Attitude Scale (1982) and Chen and Chou(2007) study ,the questionnaire in this research is divided into the following six dimensions: consumer characteristics, money attitude , investment linked insurance cognition degree, purchase evaluation criteria, perceived risk and purchase intentions on Investment Linked Insurance Products. The sample, collected through both traditional and on-line questionnaire from consumer living in the greater Taipei area,result in total number of 1000 copies with 880 valid questionnaires and the effective received rate of 88%. The analysis shows that： (1) The consumer characteristics ( include age, marital status, occupation ,income, annuity premium divided by annuity income, family have worked in insurance company and have brought investment linked insurance products.) have a positive relationship with purchase intentions toward investment linked insurance products. (2) The money attitude has significant positive impact on the purchase intentions toward investment linked insurance products. (3) The investment linked insurance cognition degree has significant positive impact on the purchase intentions toward investment linked insurance products. (4) The purchase evaluation criteria has significant positive impact on the purchase intentions toward investment linked insurance products. (5) The perceived risk would effect on the purchase intentions toward investment linked insurance products. (6) The intermediate effect of investment linked insurance cognition degree of perceived risk shows an effect on the purchase intention on investment linked insurance products.

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TSAI, NIEN-TUNG, and 蔡念彤. "A Study on the Relationships between Government Employees’ and School Staff’s Financial Attitude and Their Investment Decision." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11844047123698635930.

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碩士
大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
104
This study was designed to investigate the financial and investment decisions attitude of civil servants and teachers. The first analysis of financial investment attitudes and decision-making status of civil servants and teachers, then a different background variables difference case discussion, the final analysis of relevant financial circumstances and attitude to investment decisions. Using convenience sampling method with 104 academic year teaching at the Catholic New Taipei City staff conducted a questionnaire survey for the study, recovery of 350 valid questionnaires; valid questionnaires was 92%. According to the results of survey respondents had to descriptive statistics, t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation statistical analysis, and found the following: New Taipei City finance staff attitude at present the majority Catholic tendency Steady, followed by the positive type, Furthermore the conservative, then is adventure type. New Taipei City Catholic personnel investment decisions, the main investment vehicle of up to "savings insurance", the main motivation for the most important investment "increasing wealth", the main source of primary investment information from "friends and family", up to a maximum investment considerations "familiar" as a major factor . Civil servants and teachers fiscal stance in a different background variables （gender, age, marital status, highest level of education, years of service, number of dependents）, there are significant differences. Attitude to money and investment decisions of civil servants and teachers have a significant correlation. The final consolidated findings, conclusions and concrete recommendations.

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Chien-Hung, Lai, and 賴建宏. "The Analysis of the Investment Performance and the Satisfation of Managing Mo-ney; to the Investors of Offshore Mutual Funds and Investment LinkeIn-surance Produces in the Aspects of Investment Understanding,Risk Attitude and Purchase Decision Processe." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65087806802666211656.

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碩士
大葉大學
國際企業管理學系碩士在職專班
97
Taiwan's stock market in recent years, the overall investment environment in the poor, from 2006 to rigid cross-strait relations, the economic competitiveness of recession, rising oil prices; accelerate the pace of internationalization, the global investment environment is more closely by the markets change impacts, the interna-tional movement of funds quickly, operate, supply and demand are closely related, together with the stock market, the high proportion of personal investment, but due to a lack of investment analysis expertise, resulting in very severe stock market volatility, can not guarantee that the background of the expected profit , with the financial product innovation, the concept of public finance and investment matures, high-risk investment goods has been unable to meet the needs of the vast number of investors in overseas mutual fund investors are becoming the main financial instru-ments, investment-oriented policies, however the current investment policy is not only Fund to provide a complete platform in recent years, interest rates fall, market interest rates are low, 10-year government bonds less than 2 percent interest rates, bank deposit interest rates have been low, the same amount of insurance cover, us-ing the natural way to collect premiums, insurance costs, compared with low, the current investment-type insurance policies are all duty-free and more effect of asset protection, and how to make globalization allocation funds, individual investors how to cultivate a correct attitude towards risk, understanding of financial manage-ment knowledge to engage in investment decision-making and access to the pur-chase of a good investment performance and satisfaction by overseas mutual funds and investment-type insurance policy risk attitude of investors, financial awareness, purchase decision-making process, from the understanding of investment perform-ance and financial impact of satisfaction and relevance. The use of a questionnaire survey method and SPSS software package on the way to the application of statistical analysis of investor perception of financial management, risk attitudes, purchase decisions, the purchase of assessment, the purchase decision-making, investment performance and financial impact of between satisfaction and compare their differences. Variable dimensions of the study show that investment-oriented policies and overseas fund investors through the reliability analysis, ANOVA, logistic analysis, correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, regression analysis, path analysis, such as books, according to analysis, and descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA ex-plore the demographic variables (gender, age, education level, occupation, monthly salary income, etc.) knowledge management, risk attitude, the purchase deci-sion-making process, investment performance and financial management of the re-lationship between satisfaction.

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47

Ihli, Hanna. "Decision Making under Uncertainty in Developed and Developing Countries: An Experimental Analysis of Farmers’ Risk Attitude and Investment Behavior." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5EEA-1.

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48

Hu, Dan. "Protectionism, national interest, and strategic distrust : the Labour government’s attitude and approach towards Chinese investment in Australia (2007-2013)." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:57262.

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Australia’s Rudd-Gillard-Rudd Labor Governments (3 December 2007 – 18 September 2013) witnessed China overtaking Japan to become Australia’s largest trading partner. More importantly, it found itself having to deal with a sudden and dramatic surge of Chinese foreign direct investments (FDI) in Australia, most notably in the resources sector by state-owned enterprises (SOE). This had never been an issue with preceding administration. Expert recommendations on the government’s appropriate response to this emerging economic dependence on a strategic non-partner are rather conflicting. Views ranged widely; some urged the government to take “a more protectionist approach in order to protect the national interests of the country”, while others criticised the “restrictiveness of Australia’s foreign investment regime” (Senate, 2009). This research intends to explore the following questions: what approach did the Labor government take towards Chinese investment? In other words, was it a protectionist approach? How did the administration balance the country’s urgent demand for foreign capital to sustain its mining boom (and in turn economic growth) and domestic concerns over foreign ownership of resources by a strategic rival and other national interests that have or have not been made explicit in review decisions by the Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB)? The focus of this research is to evaluate the Labor government’s attitude and approach by examining government policy updates and clarifications, which are widely regarded as targeting Chinese investors, and FIRB review decisions on investment proposals from Chinese companies. An analysis will be made not only on the formation of the policies, namely their background, content and objectives, but also on how they were implemented in individual FIRB reviews and what outcome or effect they had on China’s investment in Australia. This study will contribute to research on Labor’s China policy in the economic domain. Notably, there is still a dearth of literature analysing government policy towards China on investment for the period specified. Such discussion will be illuminating for future Australian governments, for whom investment will continue to be an issue of significance in its relations with China. An analysis of Labor’s policy, as a case study, against the framework of protectionism/liberalism will also add to our understanding of what is a neglected area of FDI research.

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Su, Fang-Yu, and 蘇芳瑜. "The Effects of Financial Advisor’s Professionalism on Investment Consideration : The Moderating Effects of Risk Attitude and Word-of-Mouth." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49254764646751721757.

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碩士
大葉大學
會計資訊學系碩士班
101
Faced by the global financial turmoil and the European debt crisis,result in the world are shrouded in the recession and lack of trust of the financial instruments under. Financial disputes occurring after the outbreak of the financial tsunami, the investment losses customer financial advisor on Trade Descriptions unclear or deliberately misleading, in order to fight the results lead to unpredictable customer occur pecuniary loss. The role of the financial consultants, competence and professionalism is being questioned, of the customer experience professional financial planning experts of the financial instruments of the investor's willingness to buy will be. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between financial advisor's Competency and Customer financial products purchase intentions. Risk attitude and Word-of-Mouth are modurating variable. This research is main to adopt the questionnaire method the collection the data, the recycling the effective sample number 270. Results indicated that financial advisor's Competency positively correlates to Customer financial products purchase intentions. When the higher the better financial advisor' professional knowledge, professional skills, professional attitude and the willingness of customers to buy financial products. Risk attitudes and Word-of-Mouth does demonstrate a moderating effect on financial advisor's Competency and Customer financial products purchase intentions.

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50

Huang, Si-Ting, and 黃思婷. "A Study of the Relationship between Government Employees’ and School Staff’s Financial Attitude and Their Investment Decision in Pingtung County." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57639911717987092022.

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碩士
國立屏東教育大學
社會發展學系
99
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current condition and the relevance of government employees’ and school staff’s financial attitude and investment decision and how different they are with environment and background variables. In order to reach the study prupose, this study chose survey method which used “The Questionnaire of government employees’ and school staff’s Financial Attitude and Their Investment Decision ” developed by the researcher as a survey tool. The study objects are the government employees and school staff in Pingtung County. The effective samples are 551 in total. According to the result of the questionnaire, the analysis of datas are operated by descriptive statistics, dependent sample variance of analysis, t-test, one-way variance of analysis, Person’s product-moment correlation method, and the regression analysis in multiple steps. Based on the result of the analyzed data, the conclusions of the study are drawn as follows: 1. Government employee and school staff value the “moderate type” more in financial attitude, and the “familiarity” is preferred mostly in investment decision. 2. Male government employees and school staff in financial attitude more inclined to be adventurous than female. 3. More senior government employees and school staff tend to be aggressive in financial attitude which is higher than those in junior. 4. Government employees and school staff who graduated from university tend to be moderate in financial attitude and the familiarity in investment decision which is higher than those who graduated from containing and below senior high school and vocational high school. 5. Investment decisions of government employees tend to sources of information more than school staff. Single government employees and school staff tend to investor confidence more than married ones. 6. Junior government employees and school staff tend to investor confidence and familiarity in investment decision which is higher than senior ones. 7. The more positive the government employees’ and school staff’ financial attitude is, the higher their degree of implementation of investment decision would be. 8. The performances of investment decision are all able to be predicted effectively by government employees’ and school staff’s financial attitude, especially in “aggressive type” and “profit ability”. Finally, according to the related results of conclusions, this study is to be references for government employees’ and school staff’s administrative organization, government employees and school staff and future researchers.

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