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1
Kekytė, Ieva, and Viktorija Stasytytė. "Comparative Analysis of Investment Decision Models." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1023.
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Rapid development of financial markets resulted new challenges for both investors and investment issues. This increased demand for innovative, modern investment and portfolio management decisions adequate for market conditions. Financial market receives special attention, creating new models, includes financial risk management and investment decision support systems.Researchers recognize the need to deal with financial problems using models consistent with the reality and based on sophisticated quantitative analysis technique. Thus, role mathematical modeling in finance becomes important. This article deals with various investments decision-making models, which include forecasting, optimization, stochatic processes, artificial intelligence, etc., and become useful tools for investment decisions.
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Hasanov, Niyazi, Tokhtaposha Akbulaeva, Kamal Ahmadov, and Akram Hasanzadeh. "Application of Management Based on Mathematical Models to Solve Investment Strategy Problems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (May 6, 2022): 1130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.99.
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This article analyzes the emergence of large investment opportunities for the development of different areas of the economy in the context of political and economic changes in a competitive environment of the market economy and its relevance shows itself in the underdevelopment of risk analysis and its experimental methodology with the need to improve quality of investment activity, as well as project decision making, the contradictions between the possibility and impossibility of achieving the planned outcome and application of management based on mathematical models to solve investment strategy problems of firms and companies in this field. Application of management based on mathematical models to solve investment strategy problems, development and intensification of risk analysis theory and specification of strategy for purpose, the introduction of practice to the process of making investment decisions and efficient recommendations were developed and ways to reach the goals were designated for all the activities and measures taken in this direction. The action process is established based on the solution of made decisions and proved its compatibility with the pre-defined trajectory based on strategic opinions and occurrence time of the existing and principally indefinite, mentioned relevant events, the efficiency of application of management based on mathematical models to solve investment strategy problems. Analysis methods have been establishetod to apply management based on mathematical models to solve relevant problems in the market economy and suggestions and recommendations for its practical usage in investment-project activity have proved that economic-mathematical models are efficient tools.
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B. B. Akhmetov, V. A. Lakhno, A. B. Adranova, L. M. Kydyralina, and L. D. Pliska. "ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN THE UNIVERSITY ON CYBER SECURITY SYSTEMS." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.16.
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The article provides an overview and analysis of mathematical models for choosing investment strategies in cybersecurity systems of informatization objects (IO) as a particular example of educational information systems (IS). The purpose of the work is the analysis and comparison of known and new investment models for the IO protection. It is shown that previous researches have often purely economic nature and do not take into account the trends relating to the introduction of innovative information technologies in the control and decision-making procedures of the IO cybersecurity tasks. It is shown that the optimal value of resources allocated for the IO protection and cybersecurity depends not only on the vulnerabilities of IS, but also on the cost of information should be protected. All this makes it relevant to develop new models for the decision-making support on the IO protection and cyber-security investment. The task, in particular, can be solved through the use of new information technologies and computer-based decision support systems (DSS). As a variant, it was proposed to use as a basic mathematical model for DSS the models based on game theory.
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Yarygina, I. Z., V. B. Gisin, and B. A. Putko. "Fractal Asset Pricing Models for Financial Risk Management." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 6 (December 24, 2019): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-6-117-130.
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The article presents the analysis findings of the problems and prospects of using the fractal markets theory to mathematically predict the price dynamics of assets as part of a financial risk management strategy. The aim of the article is to find out the features of value of bank assets and to develop recommendations for assessing financial risks based on mathematical methods for forecasting economic processes. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used to achieve the aim. The article reveals the features of mathematical modeling of economic processes related to asset pricing in a volatile market. It was proved that using financial mathematics in banking contributes to the stable development of the economy. Mathematical modeling of the price dynamics of financial assets is based on a substantive hypothesis and supported by an adequate apparatus of fractal pair pricing models in order to reveal specific market relations of business entities. According to the authors, the prospects of using forecast models to minimize the financial risks of derivative financial instruments are positive. The authors concluded that the considered methods contribute to managing financial risks and improving forecasts, including operations with derivatives. Besides, the studied fractal volatility parameters proved the predictive power regarding extreme events in financial markets, such as the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers investment bank in 2008. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the favorable investment climate and the use of modern financing methods largely depend on the effective financial risk management.
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Csesznik, Zoltán, Sándor Gáspár, Gergő Thalmeiner, and Zoltán Zéman. "Examining the effectiveness of fundamental analysis in a long-term stock portfolio." Economic Annals-ХХI 190, no. 5-6(2) (July 10, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v190-11.
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Over the past decade, a number of modern and sophisticated methods have been developed to optimize the composition of equity portfolios. Most of these methods are based on complex mathematical or financial modelling. Less emphasis has been placed on companies’ internal data, while in recent years external data have become increasingly important. However, for long-term investments, the dominance of external data is not necessarily an efficient way to construct an appropriate portfolio. In this paper, we highlight the phenomenon that complex mathematical models, the based on simpler fundamental indicators can also be an efficient investment tool for in making investment decisions. Our results show that our hypothesis has been confirmed that some basic-based indicators can achieve alpha returns. Our analysis is based on financial reporting data in the form of various financial indicators. We used the S&P500 index as benchmark. A comparative analysis of the stock portfolio created illustrates that basic analysis can be more effective than a chosen market-based stock index. By the end of the period under review, the portfolio based on the selected five core financial indicators had a market capitalization 1.68% higher than the benchmark. The alpha return achieved also demonstrates that even simpler models can be efficient and effective in creating an equity portfolio.
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Ertek, Gurdal, Aysha Al-Kaabi, and Aktham Issa Maghyereh. "Analytical Modeling and Empirical Analysis of Binary Options Strategies." Future Internet 14, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14070208.
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This study analyzes binary option investment strategies by developing mathematical formalism and formulating analytical models. The binary outcome of binary options represents either an increase or a decrease in a parameter, typically an asset or derivative. The investor receives only partial returns if the prediction is correct but loses all the investment otherwise. Mainstream research on binary options aims to develop the best dynamic trading strategies. This study focuses on static tactical easy-to-implement strategies and investigates the performance of such strategies in relation to prediction accuracy, payout percentage, and investment strategy decisions.
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Ustinovichius, Leonas. "DETERMINATION OF EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2004.9637505.
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Decision making is associated with ranking problems aimed to obtain a set of preference order of solutions. People can make mistakes choosing the best object for investments. Due to high cost of such mistakes, such a choice should be well founded. A major goal of paper is to develop a theoretical basis for creating a decision support system aimed to increase building construction and reconstruction investment efficiency by applying multiattribute decision making approaches and mathematical modelling. To achieve the goal, the following problems have to be solved: to analyse new models currently used in developing investment strategies in building construction and reconstruction, to make a classification of construction investment projects and to describe the stages of determining the efficiency of construction investments, to create a family of multiattribute decision methods to be used in the analysis of investment projects in building construction and reconstruction, to create multiple attribute decision support system based on the multiattribute methods developed for determining the efficiency of construction and reconstruction investment projects.
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Maslyuk, Iryna, and Hanna Maslyuk. "MODERNIZATION OF THE STAGES OF ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPONENT INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF UKRAINE." Scientific bulletin of Polissia, no. 2(23) (2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2021-2(23)-6-15.
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Abstract. The article analyzes the conceptual foundations for modeling the development of the components of the investment potential of agricultural production, which make it possible to comprehensively evaluate the relevant indicators in order to timely determine, for agricultural entities, priority investment-attractive innovative projects for the future development of the production sphere.It also reflects the development of forecasting models among the mathematical and economic apparatus, which are based on the determination of the stochastic relationship between indicators of trend and cluster analysis, methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, models of synergistic and differentiated equations of the logistic type, integral methods, etc. The article develops a classification of criteria for the effectiveness of organizational and economic state regulation of agricultural production.For the analysis of factors, a list of external factors that influence the emergence of structural changes in agricultural production of Ukraine, determining the degree of importance, strength of influence and its direction, based on expert assessment, was formulated. Factors that affect the effectiveness of agricultural production are systematized according to the relevant groups: the level of support through special regimes and mechanisms of taxation, the share of capital investments provided in their total volume to agricultural production, the dynamics of foreign investments, the share of bank loans provided in their total volume.The scientific approach to assessing the effectiveness of state regulation of the development of the investment potential of agricultural production has been improved, based on a combination of deductive and inductive approaches that reflect analytical and synthetic aspects of the analysis and ensure coverage of all aspects of the investment activity of agricultural entities
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Alhabeeb, M. J. "Comparative Analysis of the Traditional Models for Capital Budgeting." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 6 (November 11, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n6p16.
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<p>Financial decision making for investing firms requires metric tools for comparison and analysis. The managerial choice among many investment alternatives with complex possibilities has made it easier to rely on the now more advanced computer programs of simulation that considers the uncertainty and stochastic changes in the cash flow and risk levels. The major drawback here, especially in the academic world, is the increasing dependency on software and departing from the underlying mathematical reasoning that is most practically fathomed by the manual problem solving. This paper goes back to the tradition on analyzing and comparing the major models of capital budgeting.</p>
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Zotov, Vladimir Mikhailovich. "Investment planning of innovative activity." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3D (October 13, 2021): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173d1721p.302-307.
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The purpose of the study in this case is to develop methods for modeling processes aimed at ensuring investment planning of innovative activities of the enterprise. The methodological basis of the research is the adaptation of technological networks to the methods of financial and resource planning. In parallel, the corresponding mathematical apparatus was developed. It became clear that the activities of the company's department dealing with innovation management have to base on the principles of project management. The research based on the analysis of the process aimed at creating or acquiring an innovation at an enterprise in the context of the resources necessary for the successful implementation of such a process. The result determined and described a mathematical pattern describing the dependence of the probability that a technological operation will be performed successfully on the amount of investment (resources) allocated for this operation. Adjacency matrices became the most appropriate form of representation of models of innovative processes.
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Pilko, A. D., and L. R. Trukhym. "The Perspective Directions of Modeling the Processes of Estimation and Analysis of Investment Component of the Socio-Economic Development of Region." Business Inform 10, no. 525 (2021): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-116-121.
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The publication is devoted to highlighting the results of the study of the existing practice of evaluating and analyzing the indicators that determine and characterize investment processes at the regional level. The carried out analysis of available methods of assessment of the investment climate of region showed that quite often in the process of research a number of factors are not taken into account, which, under other equal conditions, can become pivotal in the process of deciding whether to invest or abandon such an intention. It is proved that the size and efficiency of use of the investment climate of individual territorial systems and entire regions will depend both on the level of investment attractiveness and investment activity, as well as on investment potential and the level of investment security provided. In other words, precisely investment potential and investment security act as prerequisites and a basis for the formation and practical implementation of investment policy at both the national and the local levels. As a result of the carried out analysis of the extant approaches to solving the problem of evaluation and analysis of the main parameters and characteristics of investment activity at the regional level, the main shortcomings and weaknesses of the currently available developments are identified. This made possible to outline promising areas of analysis using the advantages and capabilities of economic and mathematical methods and models. A practical implementation of the perspective directions of analysis with the use of an appropriate economic and mathematical instrumentarium allows to form models for assessing and analyzing the investment component of the socio-economic development of region, as well as projecting scenarios for regional socio-ecological and economic development in the short and medium term.
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Zhuk, Tetyana. "Mathematical Models of Reinsurance." Mohyla Mathematical Journal 3 (January 29, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-70803202031-37.
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Insurance provides financial security and protection of the independence of the insured person. Its principles are quite simple: insurance protects investments, life and property. You regularly pay a certain amount of money in exchange for a guarantee that in case of unforeseen circumstances (accident, illness, death, property damage) the insurance company will protect you in the form of financial compensation.Reinsurance, in turn, has a significant impact on ensuring the financial stability of the insurer. Because for each type of insurance there is a possibility of large and very large risks that one insurance company can not fully assume. In the case of a portfolio with very high risks, the company may limit their acceptance, or give part of the reinsurance. The choice of path depends entirely on the company’s policy and type of insurance.This paper considers the main types of reinsurance and their mathematical models. An analysis of the probability of bankruptcy and the optimal use of a particular type of reinsurance are provided.There are also some examples and main results of research on this topic. After all, today the insurance industry is actively gaining popularity both in Ukraine and around the world. Accordingly, with a lot of competition, every insurer wants to get the maximum profit with minimal e↵ort.
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Ivanyuk, Vera. "Proposed Model of a Dynamic Investment Portfolio with an Adaptive Strategy." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 4394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234394.
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This article covers a set of models and methods of portfolio investment which help adapt modern economic and mathematical instruments of portfolio investment to the current financial market situation. The main hypotheses serve as a basis for the adaptive dynamic investment portfolio. The experimental analysis shows that the adaptive dynamic investment strategy is more beneficial than classical approaches. The advantage of the adaptive strategy is that it is based on forecast data, whereas classical strategies focus only on historical data.
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Markova, Olga Mikhailovna. "Application of mathematical modeling in creating investment portfolio of commercial bank." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2019, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2019-4-112-119.
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The article touches upon the most urgent problem of creating the stock portfolio
of a commercial bank, where studying the strategies and tools of the bank’s investment activity and using mathematical models for its assessment help to identify the relationship between profitability and the risk of investing in securities. As a result of applied analysis and modeling of the portfolio structure, the optimal portfolio option is selected, which corresponds to a given level of risk and profitability, as well as to the investment strategy chosen by the bank. There has been analyzed the portfolio structure with specified characteristics of risk and profitability, according to the statistics of previous years. The types of documents have been systematized according to the compliance with the strategy of managing the portfolio of profitability growth, liquidity and risk minimization. Using the models of Markowitz, Tobin and other researchers of probabilistic portfolio assessment through covariance indicators and a correlation coefficient, there have been found the values of return on assets that can change in one direction or have a multidirectional nature, and allow to calculate dependence between the values of return on securities in the portfolio. There have been considered the following models: a portfolio model based on calculating the level of stock returns of LUKOIL JSC, Novatek JSC, Yandex; a portfolio model that includes risk-free assets with the highest level of reliability (government short-term bonds, federal loan bonds); capital asset pricing model which describes dependency between the risk and the required profitability. Based on these calculations there has been inferred the possibility of developing specific areas of the banking business in the field of securities transactions, including: saving funds (providing protection against inflation); capital growth (focus on the securities that have the potential for growth in market value); profitability (purchasing securities in order to obtain dividends on shares and interest on debt securities); liquidity (investments into financial tools that can be sold at any time at favorable prices); risk minimization. The results of the conducted analysis of correlation and regression of the securities portfolio have revealed the most preferred types of securities for growing profitability that are in the bank's portfolio: shares of the Russian oil company LUKOIL, the Russian gas company Novatek, Yandex cIA, as well as the federal loan bonds (based on the terms of calculating history dynamics since May 1, 2018 up to May 1, 2019)
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Moskvichev, O. V., and E. E. Moskvicheva. "System analysis of mathematical models of placement of transport and logistics facilities of different levels." RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL 81, no. 3 (September 22, 2022): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2022-81-3-267-276.
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Introduction. The formation of an overarching network of nodal freight multimodal transport and logistics centres in the Russian Federation and organisation of high-speed freight traffic on schedule on its basis requires the development of science-based proposals for the creation or modernisation of the corresponding regional transport and logistics infrastructure. One of the most important tasks in the implementation of this project in the context of limited investment resources is the correct justification of the number and choice of locations for the transport and logistics centres of the overarching network in the Russian Federation, as well as the locations of transport and logistics centres in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. This article provides an evaluation analysis of the classical methods for finding optimal centres on a plane and some construction of mathematical quantitative models for the optimal placement of transport and logistics facilities.Results. According to the evaluation analysis, the authors have drafted a scientifically based concept of a systematic approach to the issues of rational design and placement of elements of transport and logistics infrastructure, in particular, the overarching network of nodal freight multimodal transport and logistics centres, as part of a new highly efficient transport and logistics infrastructure of the Russian Federation and its international transport corridors.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained results of the study can be used for scientifically based decision-making in investment projects related to the development of transport and logistics infrastructure at both regional and federal levels: substantiation of locations and technological capacities of transport and logistics infrastructure facilities; determining the need for the development of objects of the regional transport and logistics infrastructure, while eliminating their bottlenecks; implementation of a phased set of measures to modernise the existing terminal and logistics complex.
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CHIANGLIN, CHIEH YOW, TSUNG CHIH LAI, and PO LUNG YU. "LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODELS WITH CHANGEABLE PARAMETERS — THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON "TAKING LOSS AT THE ORDERING TIME AND MAKING PROFIT AT THE DELIVERY TIME"." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 06, no. 04 (December 2007): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622007002745.
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Corporate competence sets can be expanded through capital investment and be dynamically changed overtime, which can explain the phenomenon of "taking loss at the ordering time and making profit at the time of delivery". Such phenomenon has existed in practice for a long time, but there are no mathematical model that can explain it adequately. This paper utilizes multiple criteria and multiple constraint levels linear programming (MC2LP) model and its extended techniques to explore the linear programming models with changeable parameters. The parameters include: unit profit, available resources, and input-output coefficients of production function. With those parameters changed with capital investment and/or time, we study how to find dynamic best solutions to make "taking loss at the ordering time and making profit at the time of delivery" feasible. For more general cases we also sketch a generalized mathematical programming model with changeable parameters and control variables.
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Sofiko Dzhvarsheishvili, Sofiko Dzhvarsheishvili. "Developing Tendencies of Foreign Direct Investments." New Economist 16, no. 03 (January 28, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/nec62-6303-042021-41.
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The formation process of foreign direct investment theories began in the second half of the twentieth century, it was period that the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in international capital movement increased, and this period was characterized by the rapid growth of multinational enterprises, which, in turn, is a major source of FDI. Scientific and technological progress has become the basis for decisions of transnational companies to invest capital in to different parts of the world and to coordinate and control its many branches from one country. During this period scientists actively began to develop theories and mathematical models of foreign direct investments, which meant studying the genesis of FDI, as well as analyzing their impact on the economy of both the host and the issuer countries. The analysis of foreign direct investment theories is closely related to the study of the activities of multinational corporations. Among them are some paradigms containing interesting discoveries that view the foreign direct investment as a contributing factor for the economic growth of the host country and its industrial development. In this article, the author consider the key theories and models of foreign direct investment: 1. The Product Life Cycle Theory, which is developed by Vernon; 2. Transnational companies and monopolistic computation theory, which is developed by Hymer; 3. Generalized theory of economic development, which is developed by Akamatsu; 4.The competitive advantage of nation’s theory, which is developed by Porter; 5.The eclectic paradigm and country's investment development theory, which is developed by Dunning; 6.Differential model of capital distribution between countries by Leontiev. The theories and models provide a basic range of motives of investors' behavior in the world market. It also makes it possible to analyze what impact foreign direct investment has on the economy of the recipient country and what forecast the recipient country's economy will have. Keywords: Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Multinational Corporations, Analysis of Basic Theories and models;
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Байкадам, Асылзат Наурызбаевна. "MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF INVESTMENT AND INNOVATIVE PROJECTS." UCHENYY XXI VEKA, no. 8 (October 30, 2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15350/24103586.2022.8.59-61.
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The present article represents introduction to the organizational mechanisms of management of projects – procedures of acceptance administrative decisions, based on development and the analysis of the mathematical models of organizational management of projects. General information about management of projects is given in the present article. Including – classification of projects; specifics of management of portfolios of projects in the organization. Such sections of the theory of management of projects, as are briefly described: calendar and network planning and management, "methodology" of management projects, information management systems projects.
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Lokhman, N., T. Beridze, Z. Baranik, I. Dashko, and S. Tkachenko. "Modeling of investment impacts on industrial enterprise profits." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-4/151.
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Purpose. To build economic and mathematical model of impacts of investment from internal sources on the profit of an industrial enterprise. Methodology. An economic and mathematical model of enterprise operations is built to enable development of methods for analyzing the impact of the internal investment amount on the profit of an industrial enterprise through considering specific features of its operation. The research involves methodological principles of economic cybernetics, namely the representation of the enterprise as a multipolar object with an unknown structure. Application of the systemic approach enables comprehensive investigation of the process of the amount of internal investment impacting profits of this enterprise. The use of structural synthesis underlies determination of the type of economic and mathematical model without considering its parameters. Findings. Mathematical modeling of operation of an industrial enterprise as a complex object enables numerical determination of the impact of the internal investment amount on the profit of an industrial enterprise. This approach makes it possible to use regression models to obtain an analytical dependence of the enterprise profit on the size of its internal investment. Theoretical research results in the determined sequence of building an economic and mathematical model of internal investment amount impacts on profits. It is proved expedient to divide the process of building a model of an industrial enterprise operation into two stages: structural synthesis and identification of model parameters. Originality. For the first time, an economic and mathematical model of operation of an industrial enterprise in the form of a black box has been used to analyze the impact of internal investment of an industrial enterprise on its profits. Practical value. Analysis of results of economic and mathematical modeling of the PJSC PivdHZK operation proves expediency of estimating the statistical dependence of the profit on the amount of internal investment. It is recommended to introduce the developed system-logical scheme in the investment practice of enterprises.
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Nechyporuk, O. V. "The Investment Attractiveness of Economic Activities in the Regions of Ukraine." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-169-174.
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The article is aimed at studying the investment attractiveness of types of economic activity in the regions of Ukraine, determining the impact of factor values (of types of economic activity) on the volume of products sold. As a result of the study, a methodical approach to the analysis and determination of investment attractiveness of types of economic activity in the regions of Ukraine is developed; the influence of factor values (of types of economic activity) on the volume of products sold is determined, the main ones are distinguished by means of correlation analysis and the significance of the selected factors of influence is checked using regression analysis. For the analysis, data was formed on the basis of official data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine. To obtain more accurate summary results, the data was normalized in order to convert the values of signs in the input vector to a certain specified range. After the normalization, summary data for correlation and regression analysis were computed. On the basis of the carried out analysis, the economic-mathematical models of influence of investment instruments of the State budget on types of economic activity and a model of influence of investment instruments of foreign direct investment on types of economic activity in the regions of Ukraine were built. The investment attractiveness of certain regions for public investment and for foreign investments is substantiated. Prospects for further research in this direction are the analysis of the impact of other factors on the investment attractiveness of a particular region and Ukraine in general.
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Gelrud, Yakov, and Cui Jiangan. "ECONOMIC SECURITY OF INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT PROJECTS." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 16, no. 1 (2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em220110.
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The economic security of innovation and investment projects is ensured by the analysis of possible risks and measures to reduce or eliminate them. This article discusses the types of innovation and investment risks and the measures to neutralize them. The proposed mathematical models and methods are designed to effectively manage innovation and investment projects at all stages of their planning and development. For each variant under consideration, the specific conditions to which the proposed model should be adequate are determined, and the corresponding methods for solving the formulated multicriteria problems are analyzed. The use of these models should increase the efficiency of the investor of innovative projects, ensure the achievement of planned goals under different conditions for their implementation. The last section of the article analyzes the risks of the Sony company’s technological innovations. Countermeasures to the risks associated with technological innovations of the Sony company are analyzed.
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Xu, Xiaodong, and Huifeng Xu. "Investment-internal capital sensitivity, investment-cash flow sensitivity and dividend payment." China Finance Review International 9, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-06-2017-0103.
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Purpose On the basis of principal-agent and financing constraints theories, the purpose of this paper is to construct a unified research framework via mathematical models and to provide a logical and consistent explanation of the contradictory discovery of the relationship between dividend payment and I-CFO in the previous literature. Design/methodology/approach Establishing the economic mathematical models, this paper uses the comparative static analysis to figure out the equilibrium results, to further testify the conclusions, the authors initiate the empirical tests to make the discussion more realistic. Findings The authors observe that overinvestment caused by agency problems is the primary reason for I-C sensitivity when the investment expenditure is less than the internal capital; dividend payout suppresses the overinvestment caused by the agency problem, thus alleviating the investment’s dependence on the internal capital. However, underinvestment caused by the financing constraints is the primary cause of I-C sensitivity when the investment expenditure is greater than the internal capital. The payment of cash dividends increases the investment shortage caused by the financing constraints, thus increasing the sensitivity. Further, the authors explore the impact of dividend payments on I-CFO sensitivity. They argue that dividend payment is not an appropriate measure of financing constraints. Both I-CFO sensitivity and I-C sensitivity are functions of agency cost and information cost. Research limitations/implications This study provides a logical and consistent explanation of the contradictory discovery of the relationship between dividend payment and I-CFO in the previous literature and provides a clear framework and reference for future studies on the impact of financial constraints, agency cost on the investment’s dependence on the internal capital. Practical implications The theoretical model of this paper supports this differentiated mandatory dividend policy and provides reference and evidence for China's financing policies and dividend distribution policies. Originality/value This study theoretically and empirically analyzes and verifies the roles of agency cost and financial constraints on the determinants of I-C sensitivity for the first time. First, different from earlier literature, this paper puts forward I-C sensitivity as a new measure of investment’s dependence on internal capital, making the measurement more accurate. In the case of a firm with positive liquidity reserves, using the I-CFO sensitivity as a measure of external financing constraints could overestimate the firm’s financial constraints. Second, by constructing an economic static analysis framework, this study analyzes how I-C and I-CFO sensitivities change with the agency cost, the financing constraints and the dividend payment ratio. The research provides a basic framework and explanation on the contradictions of the earlier literature. The results are supposed to serve as a foundation for estimations of investment’s dependence on internal capital and should be embedded in general empirical tests in future research.
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Hasbullah, Hasbullah, and Mohamad Nasir. "Pricing of Medical Instrument Products for Domestic Production through Investment Feasibility Analysis." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 12, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v12i1.6605.
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Pricing products is an important factor to penetrate the Indonesian market successfully. Since Indonesia’s medical device products market has more than 90% import, local production companies must be competitive in price. The current pricing approach relies on the cost of sold goods, profit margin, and cost. Hence, a new pricing model is needed. The price from the new model must be better than the current price from the conventional pricing approach. The research aimed to formulate a pricing model for local medical device products that the market could accept and provide a framework model in local production pricing using investment feasibility analysis. The research used mathematical models, engineering economics, and pricing frameworks to optimize product prices from a local company (PT Enesser Mitra Berkah). The studied object was the domestic production of Anesthesia A8500. The research has several findings. First, the Break-Even Point (BEP) (X2) is an alternative standpoint to determine the price in a local production investment for medical device products. Second, the production company can consider the market price (X3). The research develops a simple mathematical model of X3 > Y2 = X2 + Ct > X1 (Y2 = new price, X1= cost of sold goods, Ct = profit and cost). The result provides the pricing framework model as a new approach for developing a medical device product price when the company initiates new local production.
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Odinokov, V. I., E. A. Dmitriev, A. I. Evstigneev, A. V. Sviridov, and E. P. Ivankova. "Choice of materials properties and of shell molds structure by investment models." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 9 (November 16, 2020): 742–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-9-742-754.
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The paper presents a mathematical model optimizing the choice of material and morphological structure of the shell mold (SM), which has the highest resistance to cracking when pouring liquid metal into it. To solve this problem, the theory of small elastoplastic deformations and the heat equation, as well as proven numerical methods, were used. The objective function min – max was constructed from control variables characterizing the properties of the molding material of the shell. The process of heating an axisymmetric shell mold was considered when pouring liquid metal into it. The resistance of the shell form was estimated by the stresses arising in it. An algorithm for solving this problem was compiled. Using numerical schemes and program complexes developed in previous studies, an algorithm for solving the optimization problem was constructed and the values of control variables were found in which the shell mold does not break even in the presence of a rigid process – pouring steel into a cold shell mold. Analysis of the influence of weight of each of the found parameters on the value of the constructed objective function is given. Using a mathematical experiment, the morphological structure of the shell mold was studied. The shell mold of five layers is considered. The corrected system of equations makes it possible to take into account the properties of the layers made of different materials. Calculations were performed when the layer of the shell mold from material found by optimization occupies different positions in its cross section. In this case, the remaining layers of the mold are made of traditional ceramics. The optimal location of this layer was found. It is shown that the presence of several layers with the found properties does not affect the increase in crack resistance of the shell mold.
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Velychko, Volodymyr, Evgeniy Grytskov, and Dmytriy Prunenko. "ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN THE SYSTEM OF STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-4-56-65.
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The relevance of the process of implementation of economic and mathematical model of investment attractiveness of the construction enterprise in the stakeholder relation system is proved. The results of the analysis of the theoretical provisions for determining investment attractiveness and stakeholders of construction enterprises are presented. An economic and mathematical model for the formation of stakeholder groups in the system of relations with construction enterprises is proposed. A system of information and analytical support for an integrated assessment of the level of stakeholder relations and investment attractiveness of construction enterprises has been formed, which creates the basis for economic and mathematical modeling. The directions, methods, and models for assessing investment attractiveness and the level of stakeholder relations of construction enterprises are proposed. The practical aspects of their implementation are determined. The results of economic and mathematical modeling of the investment attractiveness of construction enterprises in the system of stakeholder relations are presented. The subject of the research is the directions of formation and realization of economic and mathematical modeling of investment attractiveness of enterprises in the system of stakeholder relations. The formation of the research methodology is carried out on the basis of the theoretical and methodological platform for determining the investment attractiveness of enterprises and stakeholders that interact in the relevant field. In addition, a set of methods is used to conduct the study: analytical (to determine indicators of investment attractiveness); expert assessments (to determine the index of stakeholder relations); method of analysis of hierarchies (to assess the importance of the impact of stakeholders (customers of construction products; workers of construction enterprises; top management; managers of various levels of construction enterprises; owners of construction enterprises; government bodies influencing the formation and level of interaction of stakeholders with construction enterprises; public organizations influencing activities in construction and architecture; corporate governance bodies of construction enterprises; the bodies of internal and external control interacting in the construction industry; the competitors of construction enterprises; the suppliers of inventories interacting with construction enterprises; stakeholders interacting in the formation and use of spatial, urban, environmental information and creating investment attractiveness of construction enterprises; the design organizations; other stakeholders interacting with construction enterprises) at the level of stakeholders from noses of enterprises); economic and mathematical modeling (to establish causal links between the level of stakeholder relations and the index of investment attractiveness of enterprises); generalization and systematization (to obtain and interpret research results). The aim of the study is to establish causal relationships between the factors that shape the level of stakeholder relations and investment attractiveness of construction companies based on economic and mathematical tools. The result of the study is the formation of a quantitative basis for making sound management decisions in the system of stakeholder relations of construction companies to increase their investment attractiveness.
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Peng, Yichen, Jing Zhou, Qiang Xu, and Xiaoling Wu. "Cost Allocation in PPP Projects: An Analysis Based on the Theory of “Contracts as Reference Points”." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/158765.
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In recent years, the demand for infrastructure has been largely driven by the economic development of many countries. PPP has proved to be an efficient way to draw private capital into public utility construction, where ownership allocation becomes one of the most important clauses to both the government and the private investor. In this paper, we establish mathematical models to analyze the equity allocation problem of PPP projects through a comparison of the models with and without the effects of the theory of “contracts as reference points.” We then derive some important conclusions from the optimal solution of the investment ratio.
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Shaukat, Muhammad Arslan, Haafizah Rameeza Shaukat, Zakria Qadir, Hafiz Suliman Munawar, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Cluster Analysis and Model Comparison Using Smart Meter Data." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093157.
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Load forecasting plays a crucial role in the world of smart grids. It governs many aspects of the smart grid and smart meter, such as demand response, asset management, investment, and future direction. This paper proposes time-series forecasting for short-term load prediction to unveil the load forecast benefits through different statistical and mathematical models, such as artificial neural networks, auto-regression, and ARIMA. It targets the problem of excessive computational load when dealing with time-series data. It also presents a business case that is used to analyze different clusters to find underlying factors of load consumption and predict the behavior of customers based on different parameters. On evaluating the accuracy of the prediction models, it is observed that ARIMA models with the (P, D, Q) values as (1, 1, 1) were most accurate compared to other values.
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Chen, Jun, Chenyang Zhao, Kaikai Liu, Jingjing Liang, Huan Wu, and Shiyan Xu. "Exchange Rate Forecasting Based on Deep Learning and NSGA-II Models." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 22, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2993870.
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Today, the global exchange market has been the world’s largest trading market, whose volume could reach nearly 5.345 trillion US dollars, attracting a large number of investors. Based on the perspective of investors and investment institutions, this paper combines theory with practice and creatively puts forward an innovative model of double objective optimization measurement of exchange forecast analysis portfolio. To be more specific, this paper proposes two algorithms to predict the volatility of exchange, which are deep learning and NSGA-II-based dual-objective measurement optimization algorithms for the exchange investment portfolio. Compared with typical traditional exchange rate prediction algorithms, the deep learning model has more accurate results and the NSGA-II-based model further optimizes the selection of investment portfolios and finally gives investors a more reasonable investment portfolio plan. In summary, the proposal of this article can effectively help investors make better investments and decision-making in the exchange market.
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TOMASZEWSKA, Barbara, Marta DENDYS, and Leszek PAJĄK. "ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUPPORTED BY A MATHEMATICAL MODELING AS THE BASIC STAGE OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN GEOTHERMY FIELD." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 471 (October 1, 2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4931.
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Geothermal groundwaters are deposits that must be categorised as a mining property. Their exploitation is possible with a mining concession and permission of use. Geothermal groundwaters in Poland are used in heating, balneotherapy and recreation purposes. Over the last years, investigations have been carried out to intensify the use of geothermal groundwaters. They can be used as new geothermal products, for example as a mineralised concentrate. Investment projects related to geothermal groundwaters should be prepared with care about safe and sustained exploitation in long-term perspective. Using of geothermal groundwaters is determined by technical and economical conditions. However, successful exploitation depends also on natural conditions e.g. water temperature, physical features, chemical composition and durability of parameters, and renewability of resources. Recognition of these elements give a basic information that nowadays can be integrated as mathematical models. The models are created to analyse and simulate the conditions of geothermal systems. It often happens before starting project operating activities. The paper presents examples of projects carried out over the recent years. They have been associated with the using and management of geothermal groundwaters and the key role has been played by mathematical modelling in the field of geothermy and hydrogeology.
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Singh, Sunpreet, Chander Prakash, Parvesh Antil, Rupinder Singh, Grzegorz Królczyk, and Catalin I. Pruncu. "Dimensionless Analysis for Investigating the Quality Characteristics of Aluminium Matrix Composites Prepared through Fused Deposition Modelling Assisted Investment Casting." Materials 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121907.
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The aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have become a tough competitor for various categories of metallic alloys, especially ferrous materials, owing to their tremendous servicing in the diversified application. In this work, additional efforts have been made to formulate a mathematical model, by using dimensionless analysis, able to predict the mechanical characteristics of the AMCs that have already been optimized and characterized by the authors. Here, the experimental and statistical data obtained from the Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been used. They permit collection of the output responses and allow the identification of significant process parameters, respectively, which thereafter were used to design the mathematical model. Second order polynomial equations have been obtained from the specific output response and the relevant input parameter were incorporated with the highest level of contribution. The obtained quadratic equations indicate the regression values (R2) equal to unity, hence, proving the performances of the fit. The results demonstrate that the developed mathematical models present very high accuracy for predicting the output responses.
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Brdulak, Jacek, and Piotr Pawlak. "Enterprise in the economic calculus of the impact of road investments." Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie 42, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0152.
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Development of infrastructure results in reduction of costs of transportation. It is a significant factor that influences both supply and demand side of production. By lowering the costs of transportation, production companies benefit, together with transport companies, who lower their own costs and thus they can be more competitive on the market of services. The article contains an analysis of mathematical and statistical methods used to measure and evaluate the effects of road investments. Gravity and potential, index and generated traffic models have been discussed. Assessment of the profitability of the investment and benefits for many has been presented on the example of the construction of 21 km section of a motorway which is a bypass of Mińsk Mazowiecki.
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Li, Qi, and Seryoong Ahn. "Optimal Consumption, Investment, and Housing Choice: A Dynamic Programming Approach." Axioms 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11030127.
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We investigate a portfolio selection problem involving an agent’s realistic housing service choice, where the agent not only has to choose the size of house to live in, but also has to select between renting and purchasing a house. Adopting a dynamic programming approach, we derive a closed-form solution to obtain the optimal policies for the consumption, investment, housing service, and purchasing time for a house. We also present various numerical demonstrations showing the impacts of parameters in the financial and housing markets and the agent’s preference, which visually show the economic implications of our model. Our model makes a significant contribution because it is a pioneering model for the optimal time to purchase a house, which has not been investigated in depth in existing mathematical portfolio optimization models.
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Olkhovik, Vladimir V., Olga I. Lyutova, and Edvardas Juchnevicius. "Economic Growth Models and FDI in the CIS Countries During the Period of Digitalization." Financial Journal 14, no. 2 (April 2022): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2022-2-73-90.
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This article explores the interrelation between economic growth and foreign direct investments (FDI) in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 1993–2019. The research focuses on the impact of new FDI inflows per capita, as well as the influence of accumulated foreign capital (FDI stock per capita) on GDP growth per capita. This article has aimed to find the causal link between GDP growth and FDI inflows, as well as between GDP growth and FDI stock per capita in the CIS countries. The research methods include: empirical and statistical research, synthesis of practical and theoretical matters, methods of mathematical modelling. Discussion. FDI in the CIS countries are often determined by market size and market growth potential, which ensure a favourable business environment for foreign investors. Data obtained during the analysis suggest that the CIS countries mainly attract market-oriented FDI, which is consistent with the findings of the authors. Thus, the accumulated foreign capital stock has positive impact on economic growth in the CIS countries. Results. Foreign direct investments for economic growth act through such factors as gross domestic product, interest rate, average wages, exchange rate, consumer price index, political stability. The coronavirus pandemic factor is assessed by the authors as negatively affecting the investment attractiveness of countries; the use of digital technologies in handling FDI, according to the authors, is debatable issue.
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Shpakov, Andrii, Kostyantyn Predun, Olena Molodid, Igor Orlenko, and Roman Akselrod. "PROCESS AND ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL FORMALIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES’ ADMINISTRATION INDICATORS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 3, no. 44 (July 10, 2022): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.3.44.2022.3634.
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The article considers the main approaches to the rehabilitation ability of construction companies, which should be identified based on a set of individual aspects of the construction company as a participant in investment and construction project and identification of synergetic properties to restore financial stability based on a holistic approach to such assessment. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that should ensure the rehabilitation ability of the enterprise in the long run. Four groups of indicators can signal in advance the rehabilitation ability state of the construction company. These are indicators that characterize: rehabilitation ability of staff (rehabilitation ability of the project team, rehabilitation potential of staff) (К1); rehabilitation ability of the existing business model for the period of evaluation of the construction company (К2); rehabilitation favorability of environment of the investment and construction project (К3); rehabilitation potential of the construction company (К4). Identification of construction companies rehabilitation ability level is proposed to be carried out based on the calculation of the cumulative indicator, which is determined in six stages: 1) analysis of the dynamics of individual indicators of enterprise activity; 2) calculation and analysis of pairwise correlation coefficients between each of the cumulative indicators of rehabilitation ability and a set of indicators; 3) forming of four local correlation-regression models of the cumulative indicators’ dependence on the most influential explanatory factors from the set formed at the previous step; 4) creating a comprehensive cumulative indicator of the rehabilitation ability of the construction company I; 5) calculation and analysis of pairwise correlation coefficients between each of the cumulative indicators of rehabilitation ability as an explanatory factor and the cumulative indicator of rehabilitation ability I; 6) construction of a correlation-regression model of dependence of I on indicators from the set. Then all created models are combined into a single tool that can detect the threat of bankruptcy of the construction company, taking into account the functional-informational, financial, operational links between the participants of the construction in investment and construction projects. Assessing the rehabilitation ability of construction companies based on four aspects of development success (staff, business model, development project environment, and competitiveness factors) not only identify the strengths and weaknesses of participants of construction project but also identify areas of priority for control, correction and other rehabilitation actions for participants in development projects.
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Vlasov, Dmitriy. "Analysis of the Possibilities of Using the Wald-Savage Test for the Study of Game Models." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 9, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2020-82-88.
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Within the framework of this article, the mechanisms for constructing and researching the game model for choosing the investor's optimal investment strategy in various information conditions are disclosed: building many players, building many players' strategies, the option of formalizing the payment function in the form of a game matrix, many optimality criteria, methods of justifying the choice of the strategy optimality criterion. Against the background of the application of classical criteria (Savage criterion, Wald criterion, Hodge-Lehman criterion, Hermeyer criterion), special attention is paid to the analysis of the possibilities of using the integrated Wald-Savage criterion for the study of game models, which allows to smooth the shortcomings of classical criteria and take into account the investor's appetite for risk. Attention is focused on the need to justify the choice of the criterion for the optimality of investment strategies, as well as the need of the researcher to clarify the states of nature and the probabilities of their implementations. The mechanisms for constructing and researching game models presented in this article can be used to improve methodological systems for teaching applied mathematical disciplines at an economic university, to build new variable educational disciplines on modern issues of decision theory, as well as within the framework of the system of advanced training in economics.
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Pang, Sulin, Chao Deng, and Susong Chen. "System Dynamics Models of Online Lending Platform Based on Vensim Simulation Technology and Analysis of Interest Rate Evolution Trend." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 9, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138.
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This paper mainly focuses on the construction of a system dynamics model of an online lending platform and the application of Vensim simulation technology in the analysis of the evolution trend of the investment interest rate. The system dynamics flow graph models of the investment subsystem, loan subsystem, and interest rate subsystem of the online lending platform were innovatively constructed; the level variable, flow rate variable, auxiliary variable, and mathematical relations between these variables as they relate to the platform were innovatively studied. Based on the key variables of the online lending platform, a system dynamics model of the online lending platform was innovatively constructed. The parameters were assigned using data from China’s online lending industry, and the logical consistency, sensitivity, and validity of the simulation data of the system dynamics model were tested. Finally, we used Vensim simulation technology to simulate and analyze the impact of emergency scenarios on the interest rate evolution trend. Overall, this paper provides a scientific simulation technology and data analysis method for examining online lending platforms.
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Atoyev, Konstantin, and Pavel Knopov. "Assessment of Environmental, Social, Governance and Technogenic Components of Investment Risks." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 3 (November 29, 2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.22.3.4.
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Introduction. To assess the investment attractiveness (IA) and development opportunities for investment objects (IO), non-financial factors characterizing the environmental, social, governance and technogenic (ESGT) features of objects of possible financing have been increasingly used recently. The purpose of this data analysis is to establish how the ESGT-parameters of IO may reflect their financial health and performance prospects in a rapidly changing world. Having built an ESGT risk profile with the help of mathematical models, the IA of the object of study and the strategy of practical measures to increase it are determined. When modeling these processes, one should consider the growing uncertainty of the modern world due to the emergence of new risks; a large number of systemic links between the structures of the modern technosphere; the power-law nature of the distribution of the probability density of catastrophe damage, which decreases more slowly than the Gaussian dependence. In addition, the efficiency of complex production systems is largely determined by the balance of their individual links. Therefore, to assess investment risks, new methods are required to formalize the dependence of IA on ESGT-factors for the integrated management of the level of credit, market, insurance and operational risks under conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of the article is to develop mathematical methods for quantifying IA and determining real costs to improve the management, social and technological structure of IO, and minimize environmental pollution. Results. A mathematical model has been developed for assessing the environmental, social, managerial and technogenic leaving risks of investment, which makes it possible to determine the optimal strategies for increasing the IA of a possible IO. For a comprehensive risk assessment, methods of the theory of singularities of smooth reflections (TOGO) and the method of analysis of hierarchies (MAH) are used. The following algorithm for estimating IA is proposed: 1) determining the indices of the ESGT-components of risk; 2) calculation of bifurcation index values; 3) determination of the weakest links, which are associated with a decrease in IA; 4) identification of priority measures to prevent the reduction of IA or restore it to a predetermined level and minimize the negative impacts of extreme events and ensure sustainable development. Conclusions. The obtained results show that mathematical models based on the use of TOGO and MAH methods are an important tool for estimating IA under conditions of uncertainty. They allow: 1) to calculate the degree of approximation of the parameters characterizing the functioning of the object to their critical values ??when the IA changes; 2) to determine effective controls to minimize the risk of losing IA or minimize the time and losses for returning IA; 3) to consider the uncertainty factor associated with the features of the decision-making process. The development of this work is aimed at creating an information system for assessing IA for the integrated management of the level of credit, market, insurance and operational risks in the face of uncertainty and determining effective scenarios for minimizing investment risks. Keywords: mathematical modeling, system analysis, investment risks.
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Do, Thi Hiep, and Hoffmann Clemens. "Innovation of price adjustment mechanisms to support investment in solar power in Germany." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186402007.
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It has been widely agreed that to incentivize renewables integration into the power system, not only pricing mechanisms, but price adjustment mechanisms have played a vital role, and it has been true for the German Energiewende. This study is to carry out a detailed analysis of investment results influenced by innovative price adjustment mechanisms from an auto degression rate to a feedback system. Employing linear regression models for the historical data of investment in small-scale rooftop PV projects in Germany, we have found out a better correlation between PV system price and feed-in tariff (92.09%) under quarter feedback and monthly adjustment mechanism compared to an annual feedback system. However, the underinvestment in recent years reveals that a feedback mechanism without specific mathematical shapes was not effective enough in term of meeting the targeted volume. Therefore, further researches are to design mathematical images of feedback mechanism in order to find out the trajectory of electricity price in the future which at the same time satisfies the target of investment and economic effectiveness.
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Frausto Solis, Juan, José L. Purata Aldaz, Manuel González del Angel, Javier González Barbosa, and Guadalupe Castilla Valdez. "SAIPO-TAIPO and Genetic Algorithms for Investment Portfolios." Axioms 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11020042.
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The classic model of Markowitz for designing investment portfolios is an optimization problem with two objectives: maximize returns and minimize risk. Various alternatives and improvements have been proposed by different authors, who have contributed to the theory of portfolio selection. One of the most important contributions is the Sharpe Ratio, which allows comparison of the expected return of portfolios. Another important concept for investors is diversification, measured through the average correlation. In this measure, a high correlation indicates a low level of diversification, while a low correlation represents a high degree of diversification. In this work, three algorithms developed to solve the portfolio problem are presented. These algorithms used the Sharpe Ratio as the main metric to solve the problem of the aforementioned two objectives into only one objective: maximization of the Sharpe Ratio. The first, GENPO, used a Genetic Algorithm (GA). In contrast, the second and third algorithms, SAIPO and TAIPO used Simulated Annealing and Threshold Accepting algorithms, respectively. We tested these algorithms using datasets taken from the Mexican Stock Exchange. The findings were compared with other mathematical models of related works, and obtained the best results with the proposed algorithms.
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Klepikova, O., J. Danylchuk, and T. Zagray. "Information and analytical technologies in trading enterprise management." 101, no. 101 (December 30, 2021): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2021-101-11.
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The article considers economic and mathematical methods and information technologies for managing the processes of trade enterprise. Economic and mathematical models for solving warehousing logistics problems, stochastic and statistical models of inventory management, models of optimal management and queuing systems are analyzed. Flexible tools are used to increase the efficiency of trade enterprise management and timely decision-making. The tools combine the use of mathematical models, a simulation model and information-analytical technologies. The study was carried out in three stages. The simulation model is designed in the software iThink. The simulation model was used to forecast sales, incomes, expenses and profit, processes of goods purchases, which take into account the factors of seasonality and the rest of production both in a warehouse and in the enterprise as a whole. The efficiency indicators of the enterprise are calculated and the possibility of payroll depending on income and dividends to owners is analyzed. An investment project has been designed in the software «Alt-Invest». This project analyzes the possibility of opening a new store with regard for financial activities, the development of a business plan for an investment project, the preparation of financial feasibility study, and the assessment of the impact of external factors and internal parameters on the overall effectiveness of the project. A comparative assessment is carried out in order to select the most promising project option. ABC-XYZ scenario was designed in the software platform Loginom. Using this analysis, the product range was divided into groups depending on the revenue and financial capabilities of the enterprise.
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Škrinjarić, Tihana, and Boško Šego. "Using Grey Incidence Analysis Approach in Portfolio Selection." International Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7010001.
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Due to the development of financial markets, products, financial and mathematical models, portfolio selection today represents a comprehensive set of activities. Investors take into consideration many different factors, such as the market factors, return distribution characteristics and financial statements information. This research applies a Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach to evaluate the performance on a sample of stocks by taking those different factors into consideration. The results based upon a sample of 55 stocks for the trading year 2017 on the Croatian capital market show that using GRA approach in portfolio selection provides useful guidance for investors when making investment decisions, and better portfolio results in terms of risk and return are reachable compared to an equally weighted portfolio benchmark.
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SHAKHNAZAROV, Artur A. "Forecasting the risk and returns of IPOs on the Nasdaq stock exchange considering asymmetric information." Finance and Credit 28, no. 7 (July 28, 2022): 1493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.28.7.1493.
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Subject. The article addresses anticipation of risks and returns of IPOs on the NASDAQ stock exchange, considering the asymmetric information. Objectives. The purpose is to identify factors that determine the risk and returns of IPOs, to build predictive models on their basis. Methods. The study draws on analysis and synthesis, as well as logistic regression models. Results. The paper reveals variables that determine the risk and return of an IPO, and derives equations of corresponding predictive models. Conclusions. I built mathematical models that can be used by analysts on financial markets, investment companies, and funds to make a decision on advisability of investing in company shares at the IPO stage.
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Nesticò, Antonio, and Francesco Sica. "The sustainability of urban renewal projects: a model for economic multi-criteria analysis." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 35, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-01-2017-0003.
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Purpose The decisions taken today relating to urban renewal interventions are rarely supported by logical and operational methodologies capable of effectively rationalising selection processes. For this purpose, it is necessary to propose and implement analysis models with the aim of promoting the sustainable development of the territory. The purpose of this paper is to define a model for the optimal allocation of scarce resources. Design/methodology/approach The Discrete Linear Programming (DLP) is used for selecting investments aimed at achieving financial, social, cultural and environmental sustainability. Findings The proposed model lends itself to the construction of investment plans on behalf of both types of decision makers, of both a public and a private nature. Research limitations/implications All projects are evaluated according to multi-criteria logics, so that it is possible to find compromise solutions, in accordance with the stakeholders’ different preferences. Practical implications The model, written with A Mathematical Programming Language using DLP logics, is tested – case study – so as to define an investment programme finalised for urban renewal of a vast area. Social implications The proposed econometric model makes it possible to obtain the optimal combination of projects for urban renewal with a view to achieving the sustainable development of the territory. Originality/value Using the proposed model, all projects are evaluated according to multi-criteria logics, so that it is possible to find compromise solutions, in accordance with the stakeholders’ different preferences.
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Kharchenko, Volodymyr, and Hanna Kharchenko. "Simulation Modeling in Assessing the Effectiveness and Risk of Investment Projects." Modern Economics 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-19.
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Introduction. The article deals with the modeling features in the implementation of investment projects using the Monte Carlo method. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using economic and mathematical models to identify the risks of investment projects in agricultural production, taking into account the randomness of factors. Results. The expediency of using this method during the analysis of projects in agriculture is determined. This type of modeling is a universal method of research and evaluation of the effectiveness of open systems, the behavior of which depends on the influence of random factors. Particular attention is paid in such cases to decisions on the implementation of investment projects. The expediency of using this method in the analysis of projects in agriculture is determined. The main characteristics of the investment project are considered: investments involve significant financial costs; investment return can be obtained in a few years; there are elements of risk and uncertainty in forecasting the results of the investment project. The algorithm of the analysis of investment projects consisting of various stages is offered. The importance of investigating the risks of investment projects in agricultural production is substantiated. It is investigated that the basis of the Monte Carlo method is a random number generator, which consists of two stages: generation of a normalized random number (uniformly distributed from 0 to 1) and conversion of a random number into an arbitrary distribution law. The task of choosing an investment project for a pig farm is proposed. The calculations revealed that the amount of the expected NPV is UAH 63,158.80 with a standard deviation of UAH 43,777.90. The coefficient of variation was 0.69, so the risk of this project is generally lower than the average risk of the investment portfolio of the farm. Conclusions. The results of the analysis obtained using the method of Monte Carlo simulation are quite simple to interpret and reflect the change of factors over a significant interval, taking into account the probabilistic nature of economic factors. Thus, this method allows the implementation of the investment project to assess the impact of uncertainty on the final result of the project.
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Kirenberg, Aleksandr, Aleksey Medvedev, and Evgeniya Prokopenko. "A mathematical model of information security for a mining company." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017404012.
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The relationship between the concepts of information and economic security in terms of their use in assessing the efficiency of business planning in a company using standard efficiency indicators (NPV) is discussed in the article. The necessity of using optimization models and methods for solving problems of information and economic security in a company is substantiated. A mathematical model has been developed to minimize the information security risks of a cost-effective company in the form of a two-objective linear optimal control problem. The conclusion is drawn about the possibility of using a mathematical model of information and economic security, as a component in the analysis of the investment attractiveness of economic systems and, in particular, small and medium- sized businesses.
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Ivanova, Rufina, Dilyara Mukhametzyanova, Olga Belay, Rustem Sirazetdinov, and Ella Biktemirova. "Modeling the innovative development of the economy based on the investment demand prognosis." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127405010.
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The effectiveness of innovation activity is largely determined by the relevant infrastructure which is the basic component of a developed economy. The correlation between the development of the innovative economy and the intensification of investment activity is revealed. On the basis of retrospective analysis of trends and patterns in the development of investment activity, an assessment of the resource support of the investment process in the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out. The need for advanced development of the production potential of the investment and construction complex of the region and the material and technical base on the basis of the development of the local raw material base is justified. An economic and mathematical model of the interaction of investment recourses that determine the level of innovative development of the region is proposed. On the basis of the theory of factor models, the quantitative relationships between the factors that have the greatest impact on investment development are investigated. They are: gross regional product, investment in fixed assets, the volume of contract work, the volume of investment in housing construction, the cost of research and development in the gross regional product, the share of innovation costs in industrial investment.
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Zhakupov, Y., and A. Berzhanova. "EVALUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN 3, no. 391 (June 12, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.98.
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The article analyzes the current state of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan for all key indicators. Also, a correlation and regression analysis of statistical data was carried out, the purpose of which is to mathematically express and describe the dependence of the main indicator of the functioning of the national economy-gross domestic product on the factors that characterize small and medium – sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This model can be used to conduct factor analysis, i.e. to assess the degree of influence of the selected factors on the development of the national economy. The mathematical model analyzes the gross domestic product (effective indicator) and the number of active small and medium-sized businesses, the gross value added of SMEs, investment in fixed assets of SMEs as factor indicators. To build a mathematical model, the least squares method was used as the most effective and allows you to get the most accurate models of the dependence of some values on others. The calculations were performed in the Microsoft Excel data Analysis application package. Using the initial statistical data, three-factor models (linear and power-law) were constructed. The results of the research can be used in the practical activities of state bodies and other organizations that regulate and develop small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Lypnytskyi, Denys, and Polina Lypnytska. "Money supply impact on investment and GDP: statistical analysis." Economy of Industry 1, no. 97 (April 11, 2022): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2022.01.089.
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The question of how the changes in money supply influence investment and GDP have been studied intensively in recent history. However, not all aspects of this impact are sufficiently researched. In particular, the “new normality” (that has evolved recently) limits the use of well-known classical concepts and models in monetary policy, especially for emerging economies to which Ukraine belongs. Thus, the subject of this study was to assess the relationship between monetary aggregates, investment, and GDP by the world economic data analysis using mathematical statistics. As the information base for the study, the World Bank official statistics were taken (including broad money, gross capital formation, and GDP). More than 71% of all investigated countries showed a significant correlation between M3 and gross investment. The issue of how the strength of this relationship depends on the level of socio-economic development was investigated. Classification of countries was carried out using the “nearest neighbors” method in a two-dimensional feature space, namely, per capita income and correlation tightness. The analysis showed that 79% of all countries fall into the class with a proven high correlation. Moreover, their level of wealth and development was irrelevant. A cluster analysis of countries was fulfilled in the chosen feature space using the “mean shift” method. With the help of this method, all countries have been distributed into five clusters with different socio-economic conditions and an accuracy of 91%. Among them, there was a group of countries highly sensitive to change in monetization, up to extremely negative economic impacts. The study helped to conclude that, regardless of economic development, GDP benefits from an increase in the money supply. Although this factor is considered necessary, it is nevertheless not sufficient for economic growth, especially in the time of the fourth industrial revolution, when the government has to play a more active and complex role in accelerating national technological development.
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Mazzoccoli, Alessandro, and Maurizio Naldi. "An Overview of Security Breach Probability Models." Risks 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10110220.
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Cybersecurity breach probability functions describe how cybersecurity investments impact the actual vulnerability to cyberattacks through the probability of success of the attack. They essentially use mathematical models to make cyber-risk management choices. This paper provides an overview of the breach probability models that appear in the literature. For each of them, the form of the mathematical functions and their properties are described. The models exhibit a wide variety of functional relationships between breach probability and investments, including linear, concave, convex, and a mixture of the latter two. Each model describes a parametric family, with some models have a single parameter, and others have two. A sensitivity analysis completes the overview to identify the impact of the model parameters: the estimation of the parameters which have a larger influence on the breach probability is more critical and deserves greater attention.
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Filatova, Olena. "CONCEPTUAL FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTMENT SUPPORT OF THE UKRAINIAN FOOD INDUSTRY." Green, Blue & Digital Economy Journal 2, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2021-3-11.
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The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual foundations of the investment support of the food industry of Ukraine on the basis of existing practice of statistical research. Methodology. The following analysis is carried out: evaluation of factors, overall assessment of the country's economic development prospects, absence of risks for investments due to military operations and other force majeure circumstances, stability of the legislative framework, etc. through interstate rating comparisons. Results. It is proved that the competitiveness of the country in the world market is not a sufficient condition for the development of investment support for the food industry. It is known that in the domestic market each industry competes with others for investment capital. Important factors, in this case, are: the capacity of the market, its growth prospects and the average level of profitability of economic activity. Thus, to attract both foreign and domestic investment, the food industry of Ukraine should correspond to a high level of these indicators, compared with other sectors of the economy. Within the framework of the developed concept this problem should be solved with the help of a multifactor model for assessing the competitiveness of the industry. Practical implications. According to calculations, the share of capital investments in the food industry in 2019 was 5.9% of their total volume in the economy. At the same time, food industry enterprises provided 8.2% of the country's gross domestic product and 11.6% of total production, including intermediate consumption. These comparisons show that today insufficient attention is paid to investment in this sector of the economy. Value/originality. The methods proposed in the article, unlike the existing ones, are based on the use of a set of economic and mathematical methods and models and allow for a quantitative assessment of the proposed solutions.