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Academic literature on the topic 'Investment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Investment"

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Bagas Firmansyah, Mohammad Fajar Saputra, Hanif Dwi Hastungkara, and Maria Yovita R. Pandin. "The Influence of Investment Profitability and Investment Risk on Individual Investment Decisions." Finance : International Journal of Management Finance 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.62017/finance.v1i2.28.

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Investment is one way to gain profits and increase wealth, research on understanding investment risks to individual investments is very important to understand. Research on Understanding Investment Risk in Individual Investments aims to determine the extent to which individuals understand investment risk, as well as how investment risk influences individual investment decisions. The results obtained show that understanding investment risks has a very positive influence on individual investment decisions in order to get the desired results.

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Ptáček, Roman. "Capital-protected funds with fixing of realized appreciations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 6 (2005): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553060155.

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Capital-protected funds of collective investments can be adequate investment opportunity for higher risk aversion investors with lower liquidity requirements. These funds always guarantee mostly 100% investment recovery and an appreciation sometimes. It is provided by their investment strategy. The paper is focused on „Click“ funds. These funds do not build on values of underlying assets just on maturity; they allow fixing realized appreciations during duration of the funds. It means higher probability of investment’s appreciation.

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Suruchi Sharma. "Investment Avenues Choices of Indian Retail Investors: An Empirical Investigation." TEST Engineering & Management 82 (January 1, 2020): 17968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/testmagzine.v82.14574.

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This study looks into investor behavior to identify the finest investment possibilities in India. The goal of the investment portfolio is to help investors choose a portfolio of investments that will allow them to reach their financial goals within a given time frame. Investing can lead to more significant economic growth and prosperity by boosting individual wealth. Companies that can raise funds through financial markets benefit from the investing process. Some investments kinds offer additional advantages to the investor, the company, and society. The ideas of portfolio holdings, risk, and investment growth are familiar to Indian investors. The investment's guiding principle is "Prevention is better than Cure," which is predicted to result in higher earnings but lower risk. This essay will make the pertinent discovery that retail investors behave differently regarding financial investments. However, it will also highlight how their preferences for investment options regarding receiving a return on the invested amount vary depending on their knowledge and awareness of those options. The researcher had considered Indian retail investors know different investment avenues choices of Indian retail investors and found that investors choose recurring deposits, life insurance policies, and certificates of deposit with financial institutions and banks, Most Indians limit their investing options to risk-free ones like bank accounts and Individual investors continue to select investments with predictable returns and physical assets.

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Schill, Stephan W. "Illegal Investments in Investment Treaty Arbitration." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 11, no. 2 (2012): 281–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180312x640697.

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Abstract Investment treaty tribunals on numerous occasions have had to deal with the impact of breaches of domestic law by a foreign investor on the investment’s protection under an international investment treaty. In this context, tribunals had to interpret different “in accordance with host State law”-clauses contained in investment treaties, but also dealt with the effect of illegality in the absence of such clauses. The present article traces this increasingly complex jurisprudence and frames it as an issue of the relationship between domestic law and international investment law. Although different approaches exist, most importantly as to the effect of domestic illegality on the jurisdiction of investment treaty tribunals, the article suggests that there is considerable potential for convergence in arbitral jurisprudence, thus unveiling the contours of a doctrinal structure for dealing with illegal investments in international investment law and arbitration.

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Advent, Roni, Zulgani Zulgani, and Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor minyak kelapa sawit di Indonesia Tahun 2000-2019." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v9i1.13652.

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This research aims to analyze the development and contribution of the investment labor, and GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric, The research was using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The result of this study indicates that, during the period of 2008-2017investement, labor and GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric is experiencing developments that fluctuate, with an average of GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric 12,7 percent an annual, investmen 29,8 percent an annual and 2,6 percent to labor. Investmen contribution in the formation of the GDP mining sector in the Bungo Distric an average 45,2 percent. From the results of the regression shows independent variables simultaneously investment and labor effect on the dependent variables. While a partial workforce affects the PDRB while investments are not over the period of 2008-2017 years. Keywords : Investment, Labor, GDP mining sector

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Schanz, Sebastian, and Deborah Schanz. "The Income Tax Paradox." Intertax 38, Issue 3 (March 1, 2010): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2010018.

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In non-neutral tax systems, levying taxes may have a paradoxical effect on investments: An investment’s value increases due to taxation. The so-called income tax paradox occurs when an investment’s after-tax net present value exceeds the net present value before taxes. In this article, we explain reasons for this paradoxal effect and demonstrate the income tax paradox using numerical examples. We show that occurrence of the tax paradox depends on taxation of interest income in the country where the investment project is carried out. Depending on the tax system, investments that are profitable (unprofitable) on a pre-tax basis can be unprofitable (profitable) due to taxes. Thus, an optimal investment decision can only be made by taking taxes into account.

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Sushch, Olena. "Legal Characteristics of Special Investment Agreement." Law and innovations, no. 1 (41) (March 12, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2023-1(41)-6.

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Problem setting. An investment agreement is the most common form of establishing the rights and obligations of subjects of investment activity, but investment agreements do not have sufficient legal reasoning at the legislative level. The legislator is trying to improve the legal regulation of investment activity, which leads to the emergence of new contractual structures in the field of investment activity. Thus, an amendment to the investment legislation became the consolidation of the contractual structure «special investment agreement» in the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments», in connection with this, questions arise regarding: the correctness of the name of «special investment agreement». This question arises on the basis of the fact that the legislation does not contain a definition of the concept of «investment agreement», but there is a definition of a special investment agreement; the legal nature of relations arising on the basis of a special investment agreement, since the parties to the contractual obligations are subjects of public and private law; features of conclusion, execution, termination of a special investment agreement and liability of the parties for improper execution of contractual relations; scope of subjective rights and legal obligations of the subjects of contractual relations, since the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments» does not reflect the rights and obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement. All these issues require a theoretical and legal understanding. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The study of modern scientific publications on the problems of legal regulation of investment activities indicates the absence of scientific publications, the subject of which would be the study of the contractual construction of a special investment agreement. Target of the research is to analyze the legal regulation of the contractual construction of a special investment agreement. Article’s main body. The signs of a special investment agreement, which indicate its specificity, have been established. Among them: the purpose of the agreement is the implementation of an investment project with significant investments; state support for investment projects with significant investments and the specific composition of subjects of contractual relations (applicant, investor with significant investments and subjects of public law the state represented by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the territorial community). The specifics of concluding, amending and terminating a special investment agreement are defined. Conclusions and prospects for development. A special investment agreement is a complex contractual structure that contains elements of private-law and public-law nature of relations arising in connection with the implementation of investment projects with significant investments. Legal regulation of investment projects with significant investments and special investment agreements has the following disadvantages: statutory state support provided to investors with significant investments can be provided only to those investors whose significant investments in investment objects during the period of implementation of the investment project with significant investments exceed the amount equivalent to 20 million euros. Investors who do not meet these financial requirements cannot acquire the status of investor with significant investments and thus, state support; to implement an investment project with significant investments, it is necessary to create a new legal entity an investor with significant investments; The Law of Ukraine “On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments” does not establish the rights nor obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement. The lack of scientific works on the researched topic indicates the need for further study of the specifics of concluding, executing and terminating special investment agreements, their legal nature and the scope of rights and obligations of the parties to a special investment agreement.

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Guzhev, Dmitry A. "Expected accuracy range of the volume of investments in the form of capital investments." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 60 (2022): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/60/10.

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The subject of the study is the application of a variable approach to estimate the volume of investments required for the implementation of the investment project in the form of capital investments. The study considers domestic and foreign literature on the issue of exceeding the actual volume of investments spent on the creation of a facility over the planned volume of investments. In modern domestic conditions, the volume of investments required for the construction of the facility increases from the moment the customer makes a management decision to begin the implementation of the investment project at the stage of studying the feasibility of investments up to the commissioning of the facility, completed by construction and placing the newly created real estate object on accounting. The problem of exceeding the planned investment volume (overrun budget) for the construction of the facility is characteristic not only for domestic, but also for foreign practice of implementing investment projects. On the example of several objects put into operation, the variable approach to the assessment of the investment volume was analyzed. The concept of the expected accuracy range of determining the volume of investments in the form of capital investments is formulated and justified by calculations of its value, at various stages of the life cycle of the investment project. The author proposes to apply a variable approach in determining the planned investment volume for investment projects, including for calculating investment efficiency indicators. The proposed approach will allow: increasing the accuracy of estimating the required amount of investments for the implementation of an investment project; increasing the efficiency of investments in the form of capital investments starting from the stage of technology-economic justification of investments; among comprehensive measures, solving the problem of overrun budget – exceeding the actual volume of investment spent on the implementation of an investment project over the planned investment volume. In the course of further research, in the development of the author’ s proposals, it seems advisable to perform for a number of commissioned objects the calculation of investment efficiency indicators at the indicated stages of the investment project implementation (feasibility study of investments, approval of project documentation, actual costs after putting the object into operation) according to the methodology proposed by the author: using the estimated volume of investments and the marginal volume of investments when pessimistic, basic and optimistic investment performance should be assessed within the expected range of investment volume accuracy in the form of capital investments.

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Dukoski, Stojan, Ljubisa Zlatevski, and Katerina Dukoska. "STOCKS AS AN INVESTMENT OPTION FOR THE INVESTMENT FUNDS." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001153d.

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Financial innovations bring for the investors the new choices of investment but at the same time make the investment process and investment decisions more complicated, because even if the investors have a wide range of alternatives to invest they can‘t forgot the key rule in investments: invest only in what you really understand. Thus the investor must understand how investment funds differ from each other and only then to choose those which best match his/her expectations. The most important characteristics of investment funds on which bases the overall variety of investment vehicles can be assorted are the return on investment and the risk which is defined as the uncertainty about the actual return that will be earned on an investment. Each type of investment funds could be characterized by certain level of profitability and risk because of the specifics of these financial investments. Stocks are one of the favourite investments for the investment funds because of their effectieveness,but also because of they are higly liquid on average, bring income through dividends,offer diversification through sectors and every fund manager can find reasonably priced stocks with the required effort. Investment funds choose stocks because they are a very attractive investment that offers a lot of oportunities for the funds.The basic opportunity is that they are very flexible investment that offers ownership in the companies that the funds invests in. This gives the fund the oportunity to take participation in the annual shareholders meeting,but also to take board seats.It means that the fund can send representatives that can in turn affect the way the company manages its assets.A lot of companies are open to receive capital from the investment funds because as an investment vehicle they have a lot of liquidity to offer. Every investment fund is centered on the needs of the investors and tries to combine their individual opinions into one grand strategy.Usualy investment funds allow bigger investors to choose their investments and provide for them special portfolio options.This means that investors gain opportunity to have their own investment portfolio,which they can track for themselves and compare to the market index. Stocks are a big part of the investment portfolio of every investment fund.They sometimes respresent more than a half of the overall investments of the investment funds.The reason for this lays in their relative simplicity and the lots of ways the investor can profit from this securities.

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Шлапакова, Наталья, Natal'ya Shlapakova, Татьяна Учаева, Tat'yana Uchaeva, Кристина Зоткина, and Kristina Zotkina. "INVESTMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION. INVESTMENT PROJECT EVALUATION." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b6d5878322df5.76985434.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Investment"

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Животок, Е. В. "Investments and Investment Process." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7336.

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Ahlvar, Mathias, and Fredrik Berg. "Investment companies as an investment – Could a person without experience from investments bee helped by the active ownership of investment companies?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152601.

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In this essay we have been studying the development of investment companies that is traded at Mid Cap and Large Cap at the Stockholm stock market. We took out five investment companies at random from the mentioned markets above. We used these companies as benchmarking for the study. To measure the development we looked at the change in the stock price and the total yield over the given time period, we then compared these to three random portfolios of 8 stocks each and the index called Six-Return index. All the companies in the random portfolios have another type of owner structure and lack Investment Company as a big owner. Those companies have a more divided ownership. In the essay we also look at the yield with consideration to the risk that is taken in the given investment in forms of Sharpe ratio and standard deviation for each portfolio. To get some extra insight we have interviewed Investor AB and Investment AB Latour. Both companies are leading investment companies in Sweden. The time period for the essay is 10 years and is stretching from 2004-01-01 until 2014-01-01. The results from the paper are that investment companies in general had a higher yield then the index and portfolios that was used as comparison. The results for the investment companies are better in terms of change in stock price and in yield but also with the consideration of the risk. The explanation of the results lies in several variables where the active ownership of the investment companies is the major part of the explanation and net asset discount together with the high dividend is another part. With these result investment companies is supposedly a very good investment for t hose that can’t beat the market, which would mean a great deal of all investors.
I denna uppsats studeras utvecklingen hos investmentbolag som handlas via Stockholmsbörsen på Mid Cap och Large Cap. Fem investmentbolag slumpades fram ifrån dessa listor och har sedan använts som jämförelsebolag. För att mäta deras utveckling har vi studerat kursförändringen samt totalavkastningen och jämfört dessa med slumpmässiga portföljer samt SIX Return index. De slumpmässiga portföljerna består av bolag utan något investmentbolag som större huvudägare. Detta resulterar i att de flesta bolagen i slumpportföljerna har ett mer splittrat ägande. I uppsatsen undersöker vi även avkastningen med hänsyn till risk i form av Sharpekvoter och standardavvikelse för varje portfölj. För att få en extra insyn i investmentbolagen har vi intervjuat Investor AB samt Investment AB Latour som är två ledande investmentbolag i Sverige. Studien tittar på en tidsperiod om 10 år mellan 2004-01-01 och 2014- 01-01. Det resultat som framkommit under studien är att investmentbolagen generellt sett har avkastat bättre än sina finansiella jämförelseobjekt. Detta med avseende på kursförändring och totalavkastning men även med hänsyn till risk. Förklaringen till detta ligger i ett antal variabler där investmentbolagens aktiva ägande är den största orsaken och substansrabatten i kombination med hög utdelning är ytterligare en orsak. Detta innebär att en portfölj med investmentbolag är en väldigt bra sparform överlag men framförallt för den som vill spara i aktier men saknar förkunskaper.

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Mason, Andrew. "Equity Investment Philosophies, Investment Styles & Investment Processes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518496.

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Novak, K. S. "Investment instrumentation in economic development stimulating." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76279.

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The theoretical bases of investment policy formation are considered in the paper, indicators of economic development are determined. The essence of the investment policy and the policy of attracting foreign investments are also disclosed. The current state of investment activity in Ukraine in regional and sectoral context is analyzed, as well as an assessment of the dynamics of foreign direct investment. The macroeconomic indicators of investment activity are estimated. Problems and prospects of investment activity in Ukraine are investigated.

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Hoepner, Andreas G. F. "Essays on responsible investment, research output analyses and investment performance evaluation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2130.

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This thesis includes four essays, of which each comprises two original contributions. Based on this thesis’ eight contributions, we add knowledge or understanding to the literatures on responsible investment, research output analyses and investment performance evaluation. First, we develop the first generic, reliable approach to benchmark research area output (e.g. journal articles or books), which we expect to appeal to governments’ increasing interest in monitoring their research funding investments. Second, we apply this approach to the research area of responsible investment, which is currently backed by an about $ 7 trillion industry. We find that the (quality weighted) quantity of responsible investment’s research output is statistically significantly under-proportional compared with peer research areas. One of several explanations for this result lies in the intransparency of the current responsible investment literature. Third, we develop an approach to research synthesis, which improves a research area’s transparency without experiencing many weaknesses of conventional literature reviews. We title this approach Influential Literature Analysis (ILA). Fourth, we apply ILA to the relatively intransparent responsible investment literature. One of our many findings is that responsible assets with their ceteris paribus under-proportional total risk might appear artificially unattractive when assessed by the most common investment performance measure, the Sharpe ratio, which is biased in favour of high risk assets due to its currently unsolved negative excess return problem. Fifth, we develop a generic, reliable and robust solution to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, which investors can customise according to their specific increasing incremental disutility of risk functions. Six, we generalise our solution to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, which allows us to solve the negative (excess) return problems of over twenty other investment performance measures. Seventh, we develop independent, statistically sophisticated tests of the sufficiency and quality of suggested solutions to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, since all existing tests a-priori assume the superiority of a specific solution. In contrast, our tests are only based on the Sharpe ratio itself and two basic axioms of investment theory. Hence, they are conceptually unrelated to our solutions. Eighth, we apply these tests using two different data samples to all existing solutions to the negative Sharpe ratio problem. We find that investors are best advised to use our solutions, the H⁶-, H⁷- or H⁸-measure, in their evaluation of investment performance from a Sharpe ratio like perspective.

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Cheung, Wing-kit. "Foreign investment in the property industry in China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940272.

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Glowinski, Lars. "International Arbitration - protection of foreign direct investments and foreign investment dispute settlement under ICSID and the bilateral investment treaties." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4622.

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This thesis shall represent the arbitration regime under the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in connection with protection mechanism of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). It shall analyse the achievements of ICSID and BITs and their influence of foreign direct investments, investors and the host country. Finally, this thesis will try to assess the achievements in this area and discuss advantages or disadvantages for the involved parties. Individuals and corporations are interested in foreign direct investments (FDI) to exploit new markets, to realize or to sell business ideas, and to raise their market value or personal wealth. Under an economical point of view, money or investments always found its way to the most efficient places on earth which were able to be reached in any century to produce a better or the same product or service for a better price. The raising of profit margins was the driving force to explore new markets; also foreign governments tried to attract investors from all over the world to create new jobs and import new technology for their economies to raise the capacity to compete on an international level. In the early nineteenth century the prevalent form of foreign direct investment was that carried out through loans and government bonds. In contrast, modern foreign investment is more characterized by direct investment on the spot: the building of infrastructure, like railroads or telephone networks, and the establishment of joint-ventures in the car industry, to name but two examples. Investment abroad also means to play in a new and unknown playground. Investors have to place their money in a foreign environment under different laws, different rights and duties, and with unknown future protection of their investments. This makes foreign direct investments an uncertain game, and uncertainty did always keep investors from direct investments in a foreign and unknown country. Furthermore, not only the unknown environment is an investment obstacle, investors also were faced with problems with governments in the foreign market. First foreign governments promoted foreign direct investments to raise their economic power. Large infrastructure projects had an important effect on the countries where they were constructed: they were the basis for a faster growing economy. Later the same governments or new political powers changed government positions regarding foreign investment and they restricted investment related money transfers of investors out of the investment area or they initiated measures and laws to expropriate the property of investors without financial compensation. The big infrastructure investments were seen as a necessity for the welfare of the citizens and as a security of the host state. Many host countries felt that these projects should be controlled by the government and not by foreigners. The treatment of aliens by governments was, and still is, dependent on political theories and influences. A change of the investment climate, the "political risk", can be a huge uncertainty for foreign direct investments. Every investor has to ensure that the investment is lucrative and that he has the possibility to reduce risks and cost in case of changes of the investment climate. In the past foreign investors had no direct way to enforce investments claims against a foreign state for its sovereign acts or for breach of customary international law. Instead, investors had to rely upon their own government taking up the claim on their behalf and try to solve the dispute by diplomatic measures. This dependence on others was inconvenient and unpredictable, and therefore dissatisfying for alien investors. The settlement of foreign investment disputes in the past was a question of political influence and economic power. Individuals or corporations had to influence their governments to take up their case on the state's behalf. This was only possible for very important and influential investors. The investor's state then sent warships to threaten the offending state until reparations were paid. This "gunboat diplomacy" was exercised frequently by European powers until the early twentieth century, for example when faced with Venezuela's default on its sovereign debt in 1902, the governments of Great Britain, Germany and Italy sent warships to the Venezuelan coast to demand reparation for the losses incurred by their nationals. The need for security and predictability for foreign investments was one of the main reasons to establish diplomatic relations with other states. Various ideas from the point of view of money receiving and money spending states were discussed and realized, from the Calvo doctrine - where contracts between the host state and foreign investors included an agreement in which the latter agreed to confine himself to the available local remedies without relying on diplomatic interference of his own state - to the principle of diplomatic protection - where a state espouses the claim of its nationals as a claim on its own behalf. With the Second International Peace Conference of The Hague in 1907, states agreed to a framework for the conclusion of bilateral arbitration treaties which were the basis for independent arbitration tribunals in case of a dispute between two states arising out of particular interests of its national investors. The right of diplomatic protection as mentioned above was still inadequate to promote foreign investments: the Latin American countries relied upon the Calvo Doctrine, which denied the possibility of interference under diplomatic protection principle. Also, the breach of investment treaties by states was still not sanctioned by public international law. Only expropriation was recognised quite early as a possibility for diplomatic protection claims. Furthermore diplomatic protection was only accessible for nationals of the claiming state. Questions arose what happens if transnational corporations claim protection? The obstacle for investors to convince their government to claim diplomatic protection for its nationals was very high and unpredictable to foresee. Also a claim against the home state to exercise diplomatic protection does not exist. Today, in our small world, where businesses are moved from the United States to India, industrial production is transferred from Europe to China, or new infrastructure projects are started in Central Africa, one cannot imagine international business without FDI. Foreign direct investments need security, investors need security. Security is necessary to promote foreign investment which is recognized as one of the driving forces in supporting development in developing and least developed countries. Investors want to know their rights regarding their investments and they want to enforce their rights directly in a fast and cost-effective way. The need for protection is the reason for various measures introduced by governments to secure investments. In the following the system of foreign dispute settlement under the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in combination with Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) shall be highlighted. The ICSID is the result of the investor insecurity mentioned above. ICSID shall also support FDI in the developing countries. The focus shall be on the increased interest for BITs and the therefore increased interest in ICSID arbitrations. Why do states use BITs? Did the establishment of a neutral venue for investment dispute settlement reach its goal to depoliticise disputes? Is it used by investors, and what is protected? Do BITs play an important role in the system of dispute settlement and why? And how do they work together with the ISCID system?

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Cronin, John Daniel. "From ethical investment to investment ethics: Towards a normative theory of investment ethics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15979/1/John_Cronin_Thesis.pdf.

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This study explores the contemporary practice of Ethical and Socially Responsible Investment and concludes that it is based on an ad hoc construct of empirically derived principles, driven mainly by the commercial self-interest of large financial institutions and fund managers. It explores the relationship between investment and morality, to posit a background theory of investment ethics. The study then proposes a move away from the narrow focus of ethical investment to a broader concern for investment ethics. The study introduces the discipline of investment ethics and examines the criteria that form the basis of morality in investment decisions. The resultant theory is intended to be of practical significance in the business and investment domains and to assist potential investors to evaluate investment opportunities in the context of a consistent set of substantive normative ethical principles.

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Cronin, John Daniel. "From ethical investment to investment ethics: Towards a normative theory of investment ethics." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15979/.

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This study explores the contemporary practice of Ethical and Socially Responsible Investment and concludes that it is based on an ad hoc construct of empirically derived principles, driven mainly by the commercial self-interest of large financial institutions and fund managers. It explores the relationship between investment and morality, to posit a background theory of investment ethics. The study then proposes a move away from the narrow focus of ethical investment to a broader concern for investment ethics. The study introduces the discipline of investment ethics and examines the criteria that form the basis of morality in investment decisions. The resultant theory is intended to be of practical significance in the business and investment domains and to assist potential investors to evaluate investment opportunities in the context of a consistent set of substantive normative ethical principles.

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10

Schink, Steffen. "Optimization of investment promotion tools for Portugal: specific recommendations to attract investments from Germany." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11809.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
Attracting foreign direct investments (FDI) is an important objective as it can stimulate the economic development of societies. German companies are among the largest investors in Portugal and contribute significantly to the country’s value creation. However, Portugal’s attractiveness as an investment location has been decreasing in recent years as new competitors have emerged in the global economy. This report analyzes FDI trends and determinants as well as Portugal’s relative strengths and weaknesses, identifies potential investment opportunities for German investors and makes practical suggestions to improve the country’s current investment promotion activities, focusing in particular on the automotive supplier industry.

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Books on the topic "Investment"

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Johan, Marx, Mpofu R. T, and Van de Venter, T. W. G., eds. Investment management. Pretoria, South Africa: Van Schaik, 2003.

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Ermilova, Mariya, Elena Altuhova, Natal'ya Gryzunova, Ol'ga Zhdanova, Yuliya Cerceil, and Sergey Laptev. Investment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079032.

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The textbook includes theoretical material on the basics of investment activity, including the concept and essence of investments and their management, the subjects, objects, sources of financing and risks of investment activity are presented. The methodology for ensuring investment activity in real assets and the implementation of investments in financial assets, as well as the economic analysis of investment alternatives, is disclosed. Questions for self-control and situational tasks that complete each chapter will allow you to master the presented material as effectively as possible. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For full-time, part-time and part-time students in the areas of training 38.03.01 "Economics", 38.03.02" Management", 38.03.04"State and municipal management".

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Gary, Smith. Investment. Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education, 1990.

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A, Strong Robert. Practical investment management. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub., 1998.

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A, Strong Robert. Practical investment management. 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub., 2001.

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Bondarenko, Tat'yana, and Natal'ya Prodanova. Investment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1852466.

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The textbook provides the necessary basic knowledge on the discipline "Investments". Information is provided on the composition, structure and functions of institutions that manage investments and innovations, the basics of investment and innovation management at enterprises, investment companies and funds, banks are disclosed, options are considered and examples of investment decisions are given, as well as justifications for their adjustment. The theoretical foundations of financing and investment are described, taking into account historical and foreign experience, the practices of the domestic investment system in the context of its main instruments, as well as investment administration, are considered. Performing test and practical tasks based on the results of studying the theoretical course will allow students to test and consolidate their knowledge by applying them to solve specific problems. At the end of the chapters, information on the topics studied is presented in English, as the resulting content for the chapter, video files with lectures on all topics are created. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the areas of training 38.03.01 "Economics", 38.03.02 "Management", and can be used by students of the system of postgraduate education, advanced training and retraining.

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Kahn, Michael N. Investment charts and concepts. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FTPress Delivers, 2010.

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B, Block Stanley, ed. Fundamentals of investment management. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2011.

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Adams, Andrew. Investment. London: Graham & Trotman, 1989.

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Winfield, R. G. Investment. 6th ed. Worcester: Northwick Publrs., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Investment"

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Harrison, Barry, Charles Smith, and Brinley Davies. "Investment." In Introductory Economics, 190–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22006-9_21.

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Agarwal, Sumit, Wenlan Qian, and Ruth Tan. "Investment." In Household Finance, 139–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5526-8_4.

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Kitson, Michael. "Investment." In Applied Economics, 307–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14250-7_18.

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Evans-Pritchard, John. "Investment." In Macroeconomics, 81–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17926-8_5.

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Mátyás, Antal. "Investment." In History of Modern Non-Marxian Economics, 358–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18005-9_40.

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Hussain, Imtiaz. "Investment." In Reevaluating NAFTA, 33–51. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137297174_3.

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Sundrum, R. M. "Investment." In Economic Growth in Theory and Practice, 153–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376816_8.

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Harrison, Barry. "Investment." In Introductory Economics Course Companion, 123–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13004-7_21.

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Coen, Robert M., and Robert Eisner. "Investment." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_712-1.

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Raines, Philip. "Investment." In Handbook of Public Policy in Europe, 121–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522756_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Investment"

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Akinpelu, L. O. "Resolving Conflicting Recommendations in Investment Analysis." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217160-ms.

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Abstract Investment worth or investment performance metrics guide us in making investment decisions. These metrics address specific aspects of investments such as value creation, investment efficiency, risk exposure and risk mitigation amongst many considerations. With the complexity of most investment decisions and the size and scale of many investments especially in the Oil & Gas Industry, it is not enough to look at one dimension of investment. For instance, while most people will look favorably at value creation, which is the central premise of most investment decisions, in the context of limited capital, it is also relevant to factor into decision making, the cost of such value created. In other words, net present value (NPV) which is the time-tested value creation performance metric for investors, will not suffice for most current managerial considerations, particularly when comparing two or more investments. How much value is created is usually juxtaposed with the question: at what cost? In which case, analysts must, of necessity present to Management or the Project Decisions Board, NPV along with other performance metrics, usually the discounted profit to investment ratio, (DPI) and Rate of return (ROR). DPI is value creation per unit of investment or a measure of investment efficiency. The two measures complement each other and expand managerial insights as to the efficacy or otherwise of the investment(s) under consideration. In contemporary investment analysis, more emphasis is placed on investment efficiency reflecting investor preference for ever higher return on capital employed. If the two measures each recommend a particular investment over another, then the decision to invest is straight forward. The problem arises when one metric recommends one investment and the other metric recommends another - a situation that we describe as conflicting recommendations. Which investment to choose will require factoring into the investment decision several considerations beyond just value creation and investment efficiency. Considerations such as available capital, the company's short- and long-term business objectives, other potentially available opportunities all come into play. This paper addresses issues arising from conflicting recommendations. We will highlight this problem by considering a simple example of two investments A and B of the same duration of five years and slightly different investment levels. We will limit our analysis to two popular investment metrics - Net present value (NPV) and discounted profit to investment ratio - DPI. The analysis presented is mainly deterministic and the investment opportunity space is limited to these two investments.

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Luta (Manolescu), Daniela Alice, Adrian Ioana, Daniela Tufeanu, Daniela Ionela Juganaru, and Bianca Cezarina Ene. "FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS SPECIFIC TO INVESTMENTS APPLICABLE IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.337.

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Our starting point is the definition and classification of investments, both financial and accounting. Thus, in a financial sense, an investment represents the change of an existing and available amount of money, with the hope of obtaining a higher but probable income in the future. In the accounting sense, an investment is the allocation of an amount available for the purchase of an asset, which will determine the future financial flows of income and expenses. Investments can be classified into two categories: domestic investments - consist of the allocation of capital for the purchase of machines, equipment, constructions, licenses, patents, etc. Their purpose can be to reduce costs, increase production, improve quality, increase market share, etc.; foreign investments - consist of capital investments in shares in other companies. They are also called financial investments and aim to increase the value of the company and diversify sources of income. We also analyze in this article the investment decision. The investment decision is the most important financial decision which a manager has to make. An investment usually involves allocating large sums of money in the long run, with a relatively high degree of risk. We also present and analyze both the stages of establishing an investment decision and the methods of evaluating an investment project. The article also presents management elements regarding the investment recovery term; discounted net value method, investment risk assessment.

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Garvanlieva Andonova, Vesna. "PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT NEXUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA: CROWDING-IN OR OUT EFFECT?" In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0019.

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In the last two decades the economic growth of North Macedonia can be qualified as sluggish and volatile. In this period, the government has been proclaiming a narrative of fiscal and economic policies focused on public investment driven development and growth, yet the capital budget bias, has been significant with regularly overestimated plans vs. the outturn. The public investment-to-GDP ratio, has been an average 5.47%, ranging from minimum 4.0% (Y2007) to maximum 6.7% (Y2010). Simultaneously, the private investment-to-GDP ratio has been an average 17.1%, with minimum of 15% (in Y2005) and a maximum value of 20.6% (in Y2008). The FDI inflows, have been ranging from minimal below 1% in 2014 to maximum 12.7% in 2001, with average of 4.6% per annum. The trends of the variables straightforwardly do not suggest a nexus between public and private investments i.e. causing crowding-in or crowding out effect. In this paper it is investigated whether public investment and foreign direct investments crowd-out or crowd-in the private investment in North Macedonia. To test this hypothesis, we use the available annual data on private investment, public investment, foreign direct investments and GDP for the period of 2000-2017 (in real terms). A model of autoregressive distributed lag bound testing is used for the variables private investment, public investment, GDP and foreign direct investment. The results indicate a crowding-out effect of public over private investments with significance of the foreign direct investments are expected to show whether there is crowding-in or -out effect of the public over private investment and crowding-in effect of the foreign direct investments. The crowding-out effect is immediate and short run.

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Titenko, Zoia, and Alina Buriak. "Increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector of Ukraine." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.04.

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The agricultural sector occupies an important place in the economy of Ukraine. Effective functioning of the entire national economy as a whole depends on its development. Investments play a crucial role in ensuring the effective development of agriculture. The problem of attracting and financing investments, their rational use is especially important in the conditions of today's difficult economic situation. The current state of market transformations in Ukraine requires such conditions that would guarantee economic security for investors and ensure innovative development of the domestic economy. The purpose of the article is to study trends and the state of capital investments in agriculture and to justify proposals for their increase. The article analyzes the state of capital investments in the agriculture of Ukraine and the dynamics of the sectoral structure of the utilized funds in the agricultural sector. The impact of capital investments on the economic efficiency of enterprises is analyzed. The main factors restraining the development of investment activities in the regions have been determined In the conditions of the economic crisis, the investment activity in the agrarian sector of the economy deteriorates, as evidenced by the index of capital investments, which reflects the change in capital investments. Thus, despite the increase in the volume of capital investments, the heterogeneity of the index of capital investments is observed. It was established that stimulation of investment processes in agriculture is one of the priority tasks, which requires solving a number of problems at all levels of management. The investment strategy of Ukraine's development should be systematically aimed at agricultural production.

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Glebova, Irina. "INVESTMENT POLICY AND INVESTMENT CLIMATE: REGIONAL REALITIES." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/13/s03.053.

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Gribauskas, O. E., and E. S. Rychkova. "PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT SECURITY OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT." In CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.57.

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Ihar, Dzeraviaha, Chunyu Xie, and Ziyu Shao. "Assessing the efficiency of green investments based on portfolio approach." In Sustainable and Innovative Development in the Global Digital Age. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.qpbd3352.

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Green finance plays a critical role for achieving sustainable development goals. Scaling up green investments and increasing their efficiency requires addressing a number of methodological and practical problems. One of these is a problem of efficiency evaluation. The approach to assessing green investments efficiency proposed in the paper is based on the investment portfolio model. Its application makes it possible to assess green investments with regard for their principal impact on the investment portfolio quality rather than on the basis of actual results of environmental projects. The proposed methodology makes it possible to derive an acceptable rate of return on green investments for inclusion in the investment portfolio, as grounded on the identification of alternative ways to achieve environmental objectives. Using the example of forest cultivation, an algorithm is presented for estimating the guaranteed return proceeding from natural productivity, which can be used to evaluate the acceptable efficiency of investment in both forestry and alternative projects that aim at reduction of greenhouse gas concentration and development of sustainable power engineering. Even in case of low return, green investments can be financially attractive if they contribute to reducing the investment portfolio risks. The usefulness of the proposed approach depends on completeness of accounting the investment projects’ environmental risk in overall market risk evaluation.

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Sneps-Sneppe, Manfred, and Dmitry Smirnov. "About IRR and new investment priority index." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf045.

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The two most important criteria are the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for choosing among investment projects. The analysis of IRR and NPV indicates an unequivocal choice among the criteria NPV and IRR. We prepare the IRR rule. The static investment optimization problem of IRR is solved as the optimal usefulness of the well-known mathematical result of the knapsack problem. The word “static” means that all projects under consideration have equal duration. The dynamic optimization problem of investments is solved in the case of one-time costs by obtaining results at different points in time (distributed lags), namely, by the fragmentation of the project. The key result is the new investment priority index offering a simple formula for optimal choice among “one-time investments and distributed lags” projects by splitting these projects by time. The procedure how to split the project by time is given. The most general case - distributed in time costs and results - can be built with approximate heuristic solutions. For discussion purposes, a relatively simple investment project is considered numerically.

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Sherbekova, Anara, and Sabina Esenbekova. "Regional Aspects of Investment Processes in the Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02025.

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The article examines the role of investments in the development of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the context of the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union, presents regional aspects of investment processes in the Kyrgyz Republic, analyzes the main indicators of investment activity in terms of economic activities and regional distribution. In our country, investments play an important role in the development of both regions of the country, and medium and large businesses. It is difficult for enterprises to choose independently from the crisis, and the state does not always have the means to subsidize and invest in enterprises and regions. Thus, if the state is interested in a stable and strong economy, then it should create a favorable investment climate at the legislative and executive levels. The formation of a favorable investment climate in the country, which determines the profitability of the investment process, is one of the main tasks facing the state.

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Turchenko, Liubov Grigorevna. "Market ways to assess the effectiveness of real investment." In International Research-to-practice conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-496875.

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The article analyzes the fundamental concepts of a market economy and investment. The calculation of the economic efficiency of investment projects, with the choice of the best investment options. There are solutions to the problem: the discovery of the essence of the modern methods of economic efficiency of investments and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness.

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Reports on the topic "Investment"

1

Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Investment: International investment and local food security. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292970_04.

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Goldstein, Itay, and Assaf Razin. Foreign Direct Investment vs. Foreiegn Portfolio Investment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11047.

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Caballero, Ricardo. Aggregate Investment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6264.

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SHpinev, YU S. Investment classification. Институт государства и права РАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1311-1972-2020-00011.

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Head, Keith, John Ries, and Deborah Swenson. The Attraction of Foreign Manufacturing Investments: Investment Promotion and Agglomeration Economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4878.

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Katznelson, Ib. Baltic Investment Programme. Nordic Council of Ministers, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2013-574.

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Zhang, Lu. The Investment CAPM. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23226.

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Chinco, Alexander, and Mao Ye. Investment-Horizon Spillovers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23650.

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He, Zhiguo, and Péter Kondor. Inefficient Investment Waves. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18217.

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Joskow, Paul, and Jean Tirole. Merchant Transmission Investment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9534.

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