Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Investissements – Traités'
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Hariri-Rad, Ramin. "Les investissements étrangers en Iran." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010295.
Full textThis thesis on foreign investment in Iran is the first complete and up to date study on this subject. It stresses the principles of a so called Islamic economic law among those of the modern international economic law. The first part begins with a discussion about the principle of national treatment of foreign investment in Iran. Further on, the study looks forward to defining the domestic scope of law relating to foreign investment, which is composed of the former law of 1955 on the protection of foreign investment in Iran- still in force- and the exceptional law on foreign investment in the newly established free zones. The latter gives to foreign investor’s particular advantages and exemptions in fields such as admission and transfer of foreign capitals, taxation or labor law. This review shows all limits and prohibitions imposed to foreign investments in Iran. The second part of the thesis establishes the degree of compatibility of Iranian law with the international conventional and non-conventional law. First, this compatibility is shown in view of the general principals of international law related to treatment and protection of foreign investment, with an emphasis on several nationalization and expropriation of foreign property measures taken on this matter in Iran and with the help of issues before the Iran-United states claims tribunal. Secondly, the study demonstrates the level of Iran’s involvement in international bilateral or multilateral treaties related to foreign investment, and tries to explain the reasons of Iran’s hesitation to being more deeply involved in those treaties. Consequently, all matters studied before allow us to draw a conclusion on the promotion of the foreign investment in Iran in domestic and international level, and to propose solutions for a more favorable climate for foreign investment in accordance with practices of other states
Chen, Haijuan. "Les traités bilatéraux d'investissement conclus par la Chine." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010291.
Full textBonomo, Stéphane. "Les traités bilatéraux relatifs aux investissements : entre protection des investissements étrangers et sauvegarde de la souveraineté des états." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32059.
Full textTraditionally, the legal security of foreign investment was provided by customary law. In 1959, an instrument emerged from the community of states that was specially dedicated to the protection of foreign investments : the bilateral treaty for the promotion and protection of foreign investments. In addition to the fact that there is today a large number of these agreements, for the foreign investors, bilateral investment treaties establish a protective legal framework that limits the host state’s sovereignty. Sovereignty that means the monopolization of law by the state is in effect restricted by the rules contained within these treaties. If these agreements can limit the legislative or judicial dimension of the host state, one of the outrageous aspects of the impact of these treaties on state sovereignty lies in the fact that on numerous occasions, arbitral practice has promoted the protection of the foreign investors, at the expense of the general interest of the host state. However, due to recent developments in jurisprudence and in the treaties’ provisions, we are now seeing a rebalancing of rights and obligations of investors with those of the host countries. Based on these findings and in light of the study of the rules resulting from these agreements, this contribution aims to demonstrate that while continuing to provide protection to foreign operators, these bilateral treaties now increasingly tend to uphold the host state’s sovereignty
Ouédraogo, Souleymane Yacin, and Souleymane Yacin Ouédraogo. "La succession d'États en matière de traités d'investissement." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37743.
Full textCe mémoire jette un regard critique sur une question aussi intéressante qu’actuelle à savoir, quelles sont les règles juridiques applicables aux traités d’investissement en cas de succession d’États. La gestion du contentieux relatif aux investissements internationaux révèle une Convention de 1978 inadaptée, des décisions jurisprudentielles qui pataugent et une doctrine qui s’interroge. Le présent mémoire qui aborde l’interface entre le droit international général et le droit international de l’investissement a permis de savoir que c’est un ensemble de règles, mettant en bonne place la Convention de 1969 comme adjuvant à celle de 1978, qui régit la problématique fondamentale qui est en fait le sort du consentement à l’arbitrage exprimé dans les traités de l’État prédécesseur. L’intention explicite ou implicite des parties, la qualification des traités d’investissement à l’aune de la distinction entre traités réels et traités personnels sont autant de pistes explorées pour répondre à la question fondamentale et accessoirement à celle de la responsabilité internationale de l’État sur le fondement des traités d’investissement lorsqu’on aborde la question de la clause de survie.
This study examines critically an interesting and timely issue, namely, the identification of the legal rules applicable to investment treaties in the event of State succession. The application of the Convention of 1978 has proven to be unsuitable, the jurisprudence uncertain and the doctrine hesitating. This paper draws resources from both general international law and international law of investment to argue that only a connection between the Convention of 1969 and the Convention of 1978 can govern satisfactorily the fate of the consent for arbitration from the predecessor State. The study highlights the explicit or implicit intention of the parties and the distinction between real and personal treaties in order to substantiate the solution provided to the main question. Incidentally it makes considerations on the international responsibility of the State when addressing the issue of the survival clause of investment treaties.
This study examines critically an interesting and timely issue, namely, the identification of the legal rules applicable to investment treaties in the event of State succession. The application of the Convention of 1978 has proven to be unsuitable, the jurisprudence uncertain and the doctrine hesitating. This paper draws resources from both general international law and international law of investment to argue that only a connection between the Convention of 1969 and the Convention of 1978 can govern satisfactorily the fate of the consent for arbitration from the predecessor State. The study highlights the explicit or implicit intention of the parties and the distinction between real and personal treaties in order to substantiate the solution provided to the main question. Incidentally it makes considerations on the international responsibility of the State when addressing the issue of the survival clause of investment treaties.
Nkounkou, Euloge Anicet. "La stabilisation des investissements pétroliers et miniers transnationaux : des contrats aux traités." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27603/27603.pdf.
Full textSamson, Benjamin. "Les clauses parapluies des traités de promotion et de protection des investissements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226535.
Full textUmbrella clauses are provisions of investment promotion and protection treaties in which states parties undertake to respect commitments given to foreign investors. These clauses were invented with the aim of rebalancing the investor-state contractual relationship by removing the contract from the sole ambit of the state's domestic law. Although seemingly simple, they raise numerous questions as to their range of application, effects and scope and pose delicate problems of applicable law and articulation of remedies against the State. The central question raised is whether umbrella clauses internationalise the host state’s commitments under domestic law. For the majority of tribunals and authors, these clauses impose an international obligation to respect its commitments (primary rule) but do not internationalise them. While there is a near-consensus on this point, it has not settled the problems identified. In contrast to the prevailing position, the thesis demonstrates that umbrella clauses can be characterised as secondary rules recognising an internationally binding character to the State's commitments. This reinterpretation of umbrella clauses improves investment protection in a balanced way. It ensures the effectiveness of the protection offered by umbrella clauses to the rights of investors arising from the host state’s commitments while at the same time protecting the host State against multiple claims concerning the breach of the same undertaking
Danic, Olivia. "L'émergence du droit international des investissements : contribution des traités bilatéraux d’investissement et de la jurisprudence du CIRDI." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100164.
Full textThe relashionship between bilateral investment treaties and the case-law of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) has led to the emergence of international investment law. It seems surprising, at first, that these two distinct phenomena, being isolated and fragmented, would reach a certain degree of unity so that a real international legal order could appear, with its own structure, reasoning and principles. No one could foresee such an evolution, the regime of international investment being founded on a large number of bilateral treaties and on an international institution which only provides facilities for arbitration of international investment disputes. The unity of the system has been discovered through the back and forth movements between treaties and arbitration which gave rise to international investment law. This system has now almost universal norms, an international judge and satisfies the criteria of unity, efficiency, consistency and completeness, producing a real legal order functioning in accordance with its own logic. There is no doubt that this evolution will influence the course of international law
Senegacnik, Alexandre. "La critique de l’interprétation des traités de protection des investissements étrangers : la volte-face de l’Arlequin." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0050.
Full textThis thesis deals with the critique of investment treaty interpretation. In 2017, an UNCITRAL working group confirmed its concerns about the "incorrect" and "inconsistent" interpretations of investment treaties in Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). This thesis firstly invites to reconsider the concept of "correct" interpretation in application of the rules of interpretation of the 1969 Vienna Convention. The second step is to identify possible vectors of coherence within ISDS (control of awards and use of precedent). The third and final part aims to analyze the effects of the procedural and substantial reforms which have already been announced
Burriez, Delphine. "Le droit d'action individuelle sur le fondement des traités de promotion et de protection des investissements." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020029.
Full textThe settlement of international disputes is classically studied thought the concepts of judicial power, jurisdiction and admissibility. However it is now common to find references to the notion of « right of action » or « right of claim » in decisions of international tribunals especially when individuals are involved. One might wonder whether this observation reveals an evolution in the concepts governing disputes settlement in international law. The study of the right of action in international investment law demonstrates the usefulness of the concept in explaining the applicable rules. First, as a key concept, it can be used to identify the rules that determine the possibility to obtain a decision of the tribunal as opposed to the rules governing the State’s responsibility. In practice, it appears that the tribunals do not always respect this distinction. Secondly, the right of action allows taking into account the legal consequences of the State’s consent to arbitration. In this case, the concept of judicial power is partly irrelevant as it is usually based on a consent agreement between the parties. It follows that the concept of right of action is relevant when the applicable rules deal with the possibility to invoke and to rely on the consent to jurisdiction expressed by the respondent State. The fact that it is the case in the settlement of disputes between a State and an investor does not mean that it can not be so in the context of a interstate dispute
Chaeva, Natalia. "Les exceptions préliminaires dans l'arbitrage sur le fondement des traités de promotion et de protection des investissements." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020073.
Full textIn investment treaty arbitration, preliminary objections can be defined as procedural issues raised by the States in order to contest arbitral tribunal jurisdiction or admissibility of an investor claim. With the rise of investment treaty arbitration, recourse to this litigation technique is getting more and more frequent. However, the submission of preliminary objections by the States, as well as their examination by the arbitral tribunals are frequently confusing. Our research focuses on the core concepts of jurisdiction and admissibility in international litigation in order to reconsider their distinction in a specialised field of international litigation - investment treaty arbitration. On the basis of this distinction, we propose a classification of preliminary issues according to their object. This classification will order the legal regime to be applied to each type of preliminary defence, thus putting some order in the submission of preliminary objections by the States and their examination by the arbitrators, examination which relates to their capacity to exercise their jurisdictional function
Jaime, Margie-Lys. "L' apport des traités régionaux et multilatéraux à l'évolution du droit de l'arbitrage et du droit international des investissements." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020069.
Full textKoula, Bablésson Mardochée Désiré. "Le développement durable dans les traités régionaux africains d'investissement : cas de la CEDEAO et de la SADC." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0351.
Full textThe understanding of the tandem of sustainable development and investment treaty has long been seen in terms of contradiction. Indeed, although there is a consensus on the importance of investments as a vehicle for Sustainable Development, the only international instruments specifically dedicated to them [investment treaties] generally pay little or no attention to this objective; they are designed with the sole aim of ensuring high protection for investors and their investments. Over the past decade, however, new models of investment treaties have emerged in African regional organizations with the sole aim of promoting investments that support sustainable development. However, this paradigm shift, which now advocates the compatibility of the legal regime of transnational investment with social and environmental requirements, raises some questions. Among these is the question of how the commitment to sustainable development is concretely reflected in these regional treaties. The issue is crucial, especially when one considers the difficulties surrounding the analysis of Sustainable Development, a concept and objective that is both multidimensional and evolving. In that regard, the study of ECOWAS and SADC instruments reflected the consideration of Sustainable Development at two levels. First, adaptation, through the amendment of the traditional clauses of investment treaties (Part I). Secondly, innovation, through the introduction of provisions which had not previously existed in Treaty practice (Part II)
Dadras, Peyman. "Le droit des investissements et la révision des traités bilatéraux d'investissement en Iran : le modèle des TBI français et américains." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010253.
Full textThe role of international law is well known worldwide. To develop the domestic economy of a country, we need foreign within an investment and to achieve this goal, we studied the role of bilateral investment treaties vis-à-vis the foreign investor. In fact, we suggest a suitable model for Iranian bilateral investment treaties (BIT), despite the flaws that exist within these treaties and resulting from domestic law. We compare the Iranian BIT with the French and American BIT because, on the one other hand, US companies are among the largest foreign BIT because, on the other band, the French legal system has influenced Iranian law
Nzohabonayo, Anaclet. "Intérêt général des pays en développement à la lumière de leur engagement dans les traités bilatéraux d’investissement." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31035.
Full textOlarte, Bacares Diana Carolina. "L'articulation du droit international des investissements et des droits de l'homme : le cas de l'Amérique latine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010320.
Full textThis thesis addresses two different legal areas: Human Rights and foreign investment protection. The focal point of our research is Latin America, and the objective is to analyze the articulation of the above-mentioned legal areas, while identifying and studying the circulation of legal norms in their horizontal dimension, in other words, in the framework of international law. The interaction of foreign investment law and human rights is recent, and is a subject that has begun to attract the attention of the international community and to display the advantages and limits in their articulation In fact, States have to protect, respect and guarantee Human Rights, regardless of the classification they are subject to. At the same time, States must also comply with their obligations to protect foreign investment in their territories derived from international treaties that they are part of. Compliance with these two types of obligations can take place without implying any coordination problems, but in other cases, it could also cause these obligations to clash. We will aim to identify common points in both regimes, as well as conflict areas in order to determine the articulation between these two areas of international law. In fact, practice reflects the implications that investment activities sometimes have on human rights, and invites to analyze the interactions between these two regimes. This is how some new model agreements promoting and protecting foreign investment have begun to expressly refer the protection of human rights. In the same way, international arbitration has been increasingly dealing with questions concerning the common areas, as well as the diverging points of these two regimes. In effect, arbitral jurisprudence deals with this interaction, but often times in a timid and heterogeneous way, and in the majority of the cases biased by interpretations that privilege the rights of investors over any other question relative to rights of other persons affected by the investment. In light of human rights jurisprudence, this situation often receives a different understanding, due to the fact that human rights are interpreted and applied in accordance with specific principles, and placing greater importance on the humanistic essence that distinguishes the area. These differences in the interpretation may deepen, taking into account the specificity of regional structures that participate in the creation and development of international investment law and international human rights law. Concerning Latin America, bearing in mind the contrasts that depict the region, it has featured particular approaches with regard to the treatment of foreign investors, greatly influenced by the Calvo and Drago doctrines, as well as by regional interpretations within the framework of the Inter-American system of human rights. These interpretations have built Latin American legal traditions in the matter that have evolved over time, and can be evaluated against the international investment juridical framework. This landscape of possible legal fragmentation is nourished by the creations of new decision-making centers and regional institutions such as the UNASUR, ALBA, and more recently the CELAC. This question calls us to deepen the study of the articulation of these two legal regimes, under the prism of the Latin American legal tradition
Jean, Guillaume-André. "Le droit des investissements internationaux face à l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED031.
Full textInternational investment law and the European Union constitute two legal systems that are from now on in interaction. The convergence of these systems has been revealed by the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, which has initiated a transfer of competence in the field of Foreign Direct Investment and thus grants competence to the European Union for the conclusion of new investment treaties. Within the framework of a preliminary chapter, the analysis first attempts to explain why and how international investment law, as it results from the bilateral conventional practice of Member States, and the European Union constitute two interacting legal systems. The legal methodology that is necessary for the study of the manifestations of legal globalisation is described. Subsequently, by distinguishing between the substantive and the procedural aspects of International Investment Law, this thesis focuses on the evolutions of the relations between these two systems and on the results of the ongoing normative interactions. The first part aims to demonstrate that substantial international investment law has been the object of an approach from the European Commission, put in place as soon as the 1990s. As for procedural international investment law, it appears that its links with the European Union have been more tenuous and that it has only been the object of a component which has been attached to the European approach of material international investment law, as soon as the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. On these foundations, the analysis highlights the ongoing Europeanisation process of International Investment Law, which is related to the mode of creation of the international standard, its content and the participation of the European Union in the procedure of dispute resolution, by virtue of an arbitral procedure which should be constructed according to the foreign investor-European Union configuration
Meyer-Segrestain, Eric. "La fiscalité directe applicable aux investissements des fonds souverains." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020103.
Full textThe growing number of investments made by sovereign wealth funds and the reactions of host countries has raised questions regarding the tax treatment of those public financial entities. Answering these questions implies to analyze the tax legislation on both a national and international level. In this respect this paper compares the direct taxation of sovereign wealth funds investments in France and in the United States. It is then followed by an analysis of some tax treaties signed by France as well as tax treaties signed by countries owning sovereign wealth funds. Questions related to the application of tax treaties to sovereign wealth funds are examined through the presentation of the OECD model tax convention and the United States income model tax convention. We then compare the tax status of sovereign wealth funds and private investors regarding tax competition and portfolio choices. We will see through the lack of tax regulations, guidance and the absence of court decision that this study is mainly based on an interpretation of the facts and the law as a consequence. The solutions provided in this paper aim at clarifying the issues we have identified. Hopefully this will raise further interrogations and will be followed by other studies
Raux, Mathieu. "La responsabilité de l'Etat sur le fondement des traités de promotion et de protection des investissements : Etude du fait internationalement illicite dansle cadre du contentieux investisseur-Etat." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020021.
Full textKaloune, Salah. "Contrats internationaux en Algérie : applicabilité des conventions fiscales au service de l'investissement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0126.
Full textAlgeria has initiated a policy of liberalization of its economy and seeks to integrate the world economy to get out of its dependence on hydrocarbons and diversify its economy. An incentive policy is put in place to accommodate foreign direct investment, which is a major challenge for increased trade, technology transfer, upgrading of local companies andjob creation. On the other hand, the establishment of a market economy requires an effective and stable legal environment that clearly defines the rights and obligations of economic operators, particularly with regard to the conclusion of contracts. The theoretical framework that we use to answer this question is the analysis of the place of conventions and taxes in the Algerian tax system and its correlation with the investment promotion policy. Are the tax conventions really such as to serve the investment? To do this, we have highlighted throughout our development the review of tax treaties to the test of international contracts to improve the legibility and transparency of the tax standard to promote the attractiveness of the territory
Ngouadje, Maliendji Diane. "Le standard minimum du traitement juste et équitable en droit international des investissements. Essai sur une technique conventionnelle de régulation substantielle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020081.
Full textAzar, Samar. "Fonds souverains : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090064.
Full textSovereign wealth funds, investment vehicles created, funded and controlled by nation states, do not adhere to any clear legal status. Their public ownership and ultimate objectives, together with the private nature of their activities, most of which are confidential and international, have created much debate and controversy within the international community. Considered by many to be white knights of a financial market in crisis, sovereign wealth funds are also seen as a threat to the economic sovereignty of their host countries, which seem to adopt an ambiguous position towards them, varying between liberalism and a return to a latent protectionism. These more or less fantasized fears are exacerbated by the new reality they project: a decline in western influence and the rise of a new state capitalism in the global scene. It is therefore imperative to understand whether sovereign wealth funds are ordinary economic players that should benefit from the protection provided to international investors, or whether they represent the objectives of the nation states from which they emanate. This question is at the heart of the debates ranging around sovereign wealth funds in addition to controversies surrounding other legal aspects regarding the legal regime that would apply to them
Tortian, Annie. "Les accords internationaux d'investissement et leur impact sur l'investissement direct étranger : évidence de quatre pays de l'Europe Centrale émergents." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165194.
Full textFetais, Abdulmehsen. "Le cadre juridique des investissements directs étrangers au Qatar : mise en perspective avec les législations des Emirats Arabes Unis, de l'Egypte et de la Tunisie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D025.
Full textThe evolution of international economic activities since the end or the Second World War resulted in the development of international trade law. Qatar's objective is to fully integrate the modernity of foreign direct investment law by providing a secure framework for capital holders while maintaining its cultural and legal identity. Qatar's willingness to escape oil dependence and allow its people to benefit from the positive effects of investment is a major challenge for the country's future, especially in the lace of fluctuating oil prices since 2014, $ 100 to $ 50. Comparison with other Arab countries allows us to position Qatar more precisely on the world stage. FDI policies in Qatar. Egypt, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates show that the reception and control of foreign capital flows serve different purposes. The establishment of a very liberal investment regime that is very favorable to foreign investors in Egypt responds more to conditions imposed by international institutions (the IMF) against obtaining loans or reducing debt. In Tunisia, despite a commitment to an important policy of liberalization and integration into the European area, the economy has not modernized sufficiently and has foiled to transform into higher value-added activities. Finally, the comparison with the United Arab Emirates is much more relevant because the two countries have more similar economies and work within the Gulf Cooperation Council
Sabalbal, Hélène. "Le choix du droit applicable dans l’arbitrage d’investissement : expérience euro-arabe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020029.
Full textThe settlement of an investment dispute often depends on the choice of applicable law to the merits. The arbitrator has the obligation to respect the will of the parties. In investment arbitration, the parties are a private party and a state party who may give its consent to arbitration in advance in a general offer of arbitration. The arbitrator will determine the applicable law only if the parties did not do so. Under the aegis of an arbitration institution or within the framework of an ad hoc arbitration, the arbitrator may apply national law, regional law (European, Islamic law), international law or non-national rules, or even a combination of formulas. Part I examines the interactions between these laws and rules of law, their potential hierarchy, in order to be able to settle an Euro-Arab investment dispute. Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the EU has had exclusive competence to negotiate agreements relating to foreign direct investment. Part II studies the effects of the new competence of the EU on BITs prior to Lisbon and those that the Member States would like to conclude in the future, and in particular the consequences on the applicable law for the settlement of investment dispute. Part III tackles the limits to the choice of applicable law. The arbitrator must render an effective and enforceable award. Failure to apply the applicable law may be challenged. In some Arab countries, the award is reviewed at the merits, which is a second limitation. In addition, it is necessary to respect public policy
Elbeherry, Ibrahim. "Théorie des contrats administratifs et marchés publics internationaux." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412538.
Full textTully, Frédéric Thomas. "Facteurs génétiques, maternels et environnementaux de l'expression des traits d'histoire de vie chez le collembole Folsomia candida." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066502.
Full textEdouard, Régis. "Les obligations internationales de l’Etat d’accueil d’un investissement étranger et leur sanction dans l’ordre juridique international." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100153.
Full textFor the conduct of a foreign investment’s host State to be governed by international law is only conceivable insofar as its sovereignty is limited, since the issue is the sanction of the failure of that State to fulfill its obligations. The latter results from a mostly bilateral treaty practice embodying treaties which contain material provisions. The “internationalization” of the legal regime of an investment is not excluded as a means to create obligations, but only occurs through provisions with such an effect. The main characteristic to this fairly uniform treaty practice is the development of rules limiting the need for interpretation around a core set of standards amplifying it. This, as well as the arbitral interpretations, may reflect a desire to “consolidate” the international minimum standard. If the attribution of conduct to the host State does not raise any unprecedented issue, the establishment of a violation by that State of “what is required of it” reveals singularities in this field. The characterization of circumstances precluding wrongfulness in an emergency situation may prove problematic, as the risk that arbitrators may ignore the logic of the law of responsibility is omnipresent. Apart from these situations, it is possible to imagine hypotheses in which wrongfulness is precluded due to the consent of the State of origin or the investor. The injury sustained by the latter, which is the subject of full reparation due by the responsible State, constitutes “injury caused by the internationally wrongful act.” It is immediate and direct. The investor, entitled to invoke the responsibility of the host State, has access to an international claim which eclipses that of his State of nationality. The prospect of an espousal by the latter of its national’s claim increases the effectiveness of the investment treaties
Lefebvre, Francois. "Stratégies de reproduction chez les crustacés isopodes terrestres." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340823.
Full textNous avons mis en évidence des facultés de discrimination des statuts spécifiques, sexuels et physiologiques des individus. La reconnaissance s'opère au contact via des composés cuticulaires dont nous avons cherché à caractériser la nature chimique. La rencontre des partenaires sexuels semble avant tout s'opérer par une recherche active de la part des mâles. Chez certaines espèces, les interactions mâle-mâle sont agressives et aboutissent à des relations de dominance temporaire. Les femelles résistent systématiquement aux tentatives de monte des mâles, ce qui peut être vu comme un possible mécanisme de choix. La taille des individus apparaît comme un paramètre clé dans la résolution des conflits intra-sexe et inter-sexe.
Nous insistons sur certaines particularités phénotypiques des femelles (existence d'une spermathèque, plasticité de l'entrée en reproduction) qui leur permettent d'ajuster leur investissement reproductif en fonction de la disponibilité en mâles. Les populations naturelles d'Oniscidea peuvent en effet présenter de fort déficit en mâles, en relation avec la présence de bactéries féminisantes Wolbachia. L'ensemble de ces résultats apporte des éléments de compréhension à l'évolution de l'association Wolbachia/Oniscidea.
Gougou, Pierre-B. Laboué. "L'unification du droit des assurances en Afrique zone Franc : le traité de Yaoundé du 10 juillet 1992 créant la CIMA : contribution à l'étude des relations entre l'assurance et le développement." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0021.
Full textEconomic integration institutions are among the traditional tools used by Thirld World countries. In Africa, the results have been globally bad. But the developing countries economic slump, the speeding up of the European community (the advent of the european single market in 1992) and the fact that the West seems now to be more focused on eastern Europe than on southern needs explain why the African countries of Zone Franc set up an ambitious policy of regional economic integration by signing, on July 10 th 1992 in Yaoundé, the treaty building the CIMA. Developing insurance consciousness among the African people is supposed to contribute towards the collection and the mobilization of the savings needed for insurance companies growth and national economic development programs. .
Korom, Veronika. "Soutenance de travaux en droit européen des sociétés et en arbitrage international." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1042.
Full textThe papers submitted for the viva deal with various comparative company law, European company law and international arbitration related issues. The company law papers look at the recent developments in the freedom of establishment of companies in Europe resulting from the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and at the operation of English law limited liability companies in Germany and certain of the private international law questions that arise in that context. The paper on international arbitration discusses the future of bilateral investment treaties concluded between EU member states in light of the European Commission's hostile approach to such treaties aiming at obtaining their annulment
Giron, David. "Ecologie nutritionnelle et traits d'histoire de vie chez les parasitoïdes: mécanismes et conséquences." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00103316.
Full textColeman, Philippe. "Contrats publics et arbitrage d'investissements." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D017.
Full textThis research aims to analyse the treatment of public contracts in investment arbitration in the light of French administrative law. It intends to study the hypothesis that investment arbitration is a mechanism that pertains to the globalisation of the dispute settlement and applicable law of public contracts. Investment arbitration is a judicial mechanism giving arbitrators comprehensive jurisdiction over the exercise of governmental authority by States in the globalisation. The impact of this mechanism on public contracts should be systematically assessed.The examination of contemporary arbitration practice shows that public contracts subject to investment arbitration are domestic contracts. The procedural consequences of submitting domestic public contracts to investment arbitration are twofold: parallel jurisdictions and control by national judges over arbitral awards.The analysis of investment law applied to public contracts covers both the representations and the regime of public contracts in arbitration practice. The concept of contracting public authority that emerges from arbitration practice is broadly similar to that prevailing in French administrative law. As for the contractual principles per se: while it is much less precise concerning procurement, it converges, in broad terms, concerning the performance of contracts with French law, seeking a balance between the contractual rights of foreign investors and the prerogatives of thecontracting State
Kane, Mouhamadou Madana. "Droit de la responsabilité des états et arbitrage transnational CIRDI." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CERG0642.
Full textWith the proliferation of Bilateral Investment Treaties, many disputes have in the recent years been brought before arbitral tribunals under the auspices of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). By virtue of dispute settlement clauses of such treaties, foreign investors are able to directly call upon the jurisdiction of ICSID in case of breach by the host State of its treaty-based protection and treatment obligations. Because of the State's involvement, ICSID disputes raise, by nature, issues of Sate Responsibility. Therefore, it is not surprising that ICSID arbitrators systematically rely on customary rules on State Responsibility as codified by the International Law Commission to form and motivate their opinions. The current thesis aims at assessing, in light of the arbitral practice, the interactions between the Law of State Responsibility and ICSID's treaty-based arbitration, with the objective to determine whether State responsibility under treaties is a self-contained regime. We have adopted the International Law Commission's codification approach to highlight, on one side, the influence of customary rules on engagement of State Responsibility on the practice of ICSID arbitral tribunals; and, on the other side, with regards to invocation and content of the State's responsibility, the relationships between general international law and salient aspects of the jurisdiction of ICSID tribunals, the admissibility of claims and the reparation of injury caused to the investor by the State
Lhoumeau-Aizpuru, Sébastien. "Le déséquilibre entre les droits et les obligations des entreprises pétrolières opérant dans les pays à faible gouvernance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0599.
Full textThis thesis carry out a sectorial analysis of the state of the rights and the obligations of the multinational oil companies outside the regulations of the countries of investment. The choice of the oil industry is based on the place of this sector in the global economy and its characteristics. In the first part, we will note that the protection of investments is particularly effective and the potential negative effect on the development of the regulations of the host countries of investments is accentuated in the oil sector. Similarly, the current movement to take this problem into account in the bilateral investment treaties is insufficient given the lack of interest of the Energy Charter Treaty on this issue and the difficult evolution of the stabilization clauses. Secondly, this thesis will find that the transnational obligations borne by multinational oil companies, apart from investment law, sometimes seem less inclined to play a balancing role in the oil sector. The soft law initiatives are adapted but partially adopted and the possible sanctions seem uncertain. Mechanisms based on extraterritoriality are limited and the establishment of a duty of care do not really suit to the oil organization. The consideration of oil specificities is confined to the reporting framework and the legal tools specific to the industry generally only take into account the fight against corruption. Finally, the political pressures, the intervention of non-governmental organizations and the media are focused on companies whose head office is located in a Western State and transfer of oil interests are usual in the sector
Volkov, Aleksandr. "Le régime juridique des relations gazières entre la Russie, l'Union Européenne et les pays membres de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1004/document.
Full textThe current legal rules restrain the development of both frameworks now existing – that is, long-term contracts and opened-up markets. The solution to this problem could be the maintain of the first group of relations and the development of the second group. Therefore, it is important to suggest an alternative framework. The basis of such alternative framework could be fixed in an international treaty between Russia, EU and the member-states. This new regulation will also require the adjustment of the local legislation