Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inverted Residual'
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Viles, Weston D. "Roller-Coaster Failure Rates and Mean Residual Life Functions." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/VilesWD2008.pdf.
Full textIracheta-Cabrera, Omar Adrian. "A holistic inverse approach on depth-sensing indentation characterisation and its application for predicting residual stresses in multi-phase inertia friction welds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44781/.
Full textUriarte, Sabín Leticia. "Inverse Heat Conduction problem of the Quenching a Rotary Cylinder by Multiple Water Impinging Jets." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36529.
Full textAlamri, Yosef Abdulrahman. "THREE ESSAYS ON SAUDI ARABIA AGRICULTURAL MARKETS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/79.
Full textBritez, Diego. "Modélisation d'un processus de mise en forme intégrant l’interaction entre procédés dans le comportement du matériau." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0219.
Full textThe current industrial context requires the optimization of production resources, particularly raw materials and energy consumption. This commitment does not only meet the criteria of competitiveness related to production costs but also to the environmental impact of the overall manufacturing process. To solve this problem, is required a mode to define optimization strategies through a complete forming process during a mechanical part manufacturing.Most behavior laws used for metals, dedicated to perform simulations of forming and machining processes are characterized by an isotropic behavior. These models are effective in predicting the behavior under proportional loading, but by definition cannot consider the anisotropy developed during work hardening. This limitation makes it impossible to take to consider the interaction effects between the different stages of the manufacturing process. This work goes through the phenomenological behavior laws capable of modeling this phenomenon, in order to obtain an accurate model of the overall process. Knowing that the modeling of each process stage requires a solver and specific definitions, a methodology as well as numerical tools necessary to manage the hardening variables along the process have been developed. This methodology allows a traceability of the values of hardening variables throughout the simulation of the process, dividing the global simulation, admitting the use of different solvers or software.This work explores the profile estimation obtained with destructive residual stresses measurement methods in order to compare simulation results with experiments. A new methodology using inverse analysis is developed and implemented. From numerical generated data, the new method is applied and compared with two destructive reference methods. The results in this application show, a decrease in both the error and the uncertainty level
Ferreira, Anderson Moura. "Avaliação de proposições matemáticas para interpretação do comportamento de solos residuais não saturados." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2485.
Full textIn the last decades, theories have been formulated to interpret the behavior of unsaturated soils and found to be consistent with the experimental response. Besides, several techniques for field and laboratory testing have been developed, as well. However, the experimental determination of unsaturated soil parameters is costly, time-consuming, requires particular test equipments and experienced technicians. As a result, these theories application are limited to academic researches and are barely used in engineering practice. To overcome this issue, several researchers proposed equations to mathematically represent the experimental behavior unsaturated soils. These propositions are based on physical indexes, soil characterization, and current laboratory tests or simply curve fitting. The relationship of soil-water content and matric suction, conventionally referred to as the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is also useful tool in the prediction of the engineering behavior of unsaturated soils. There are many equations to mathematically represent SWCC. Some are based on the assumption that its shape is directly related to the pore distribution, and, therefore, the grain size distribution. In these propositions the parameters are calibrated by curve adjustment of the experimental data. Others assume that the curve can be directly estimated from physical properties of soils. These proposals are simple and convenient for practical use, but are substantially incorrect since they disregard the influence of moisture content, stress level, soil structure and mineralogy. As a result, most of them have limited success depending on soil types. Some attempts have also been made to predict the variation of the shear strength with respect to matric suction. These procedures use SWCC as a tool either directly or indirectly along with the saturated strength parameters c and . This work discusses the applicability of three SWCC equations (Gardner, 1958; van Genuchten, 1980; and Fredlund and Xing, 1994) for twenty four residual soils from Brazil. The suitability of the normalized soil-water characteristic curve, proposed by Camapum de Carvalho and Leroueil (2004), was also investigated. Models parameters were determined by curve fitting, using inverse problem techniques; two optimization methods were used: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Levenberq-Marquardt method. Several parameters that influence the SWCC behavior are discussed, as well. The relationship between matric suction and shear strength was evaluated by curve fitting using the equations proposed by Öberg and Sällfors (1995, 1997), Vanapalli et al., (1996), Vilar (2007) and Futai (2002); eight experimental results were analyzed. Several parameters that influence the SWCC behavior and the unsaturated shear strength are discussed, as well.
Shivashankar, Nithin. "Design and Analysis of Modular Architectures for an RNS to Mixed Radix Conversion Multi-processor." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396531505.
Full textNilsson, Martin. "Fast Numerical Techniques for Electromagnetic Problems in Frequency Domain." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3884.
Full textBarrat-Charlaix, Pierre. "Comprendre et améliorer les modèles statistiques de séquences de protéines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS378.
Full textIn the last decades, progress in experimental techniques have given rise to a vast increase in the number of known DNA and protein sequences. This has prompted the development of various statistical methods in order to make sense of this massive amount of data. Among those are pairwise co-evolutionary methods, using ideas coming from statistical physics to construct a global model for protein sequence variability. These methods have proven to be very effective at extracting relevant information from sequences, such as structural contacts or effects of mutations. While co-evolutionary models are for the moment used as predictive tools, their success calls for a better understanding of they functioning. In this thesis, we propose developments on existing methods while also asking the question of how and why they work. We first focus on the ability of the so-called Direct Coupling Analysis (DCA) to reproduce statistical patterns found in sequences in a protein family. We then discuss the possibility to include other types of information such as mutational effects in this method, and then potential corrections for the phylogenetic biases present in available data. Finally, considerations about limitations of current co-evolutionary models are presented, along with suggestions on how to overcome them
Capron, Adélie. "Towards the predictive FE analysis of a metal/composite booster casing’s thermomechanical integrity." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/314767/5/contratAC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Yen, Jyh-yeh, and 顏志燁. "Inverse Halftoning Using Classified Vector Quantization and Residual Information." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94534669150276810427.
Full text逢甲大學
資訊工程研究所
85
This thesis extends and modifies Classified Vector Quantization (CVQ) to solve the problem of inverse halftoning from error-diffused images. The process consists of two phases: the encoding phase and decoding phase. The encoding process needs a codebook for the encoder which transforms a halftoned image to a set of codewords. The decoding process also requires a different codebook for the decoder which reconstructs a gray- scale image from a set of codewords. According the relationships between these two codebooks, we modified the traditional generalized Lloyd Algorithm to fit our purpose. On the other hand, we also developed a process for inverse halftoning of error-diffused color image. Compared with other available techniques, our approach has the better quality for reconstructed image. Using CVQ, the reconstructed gray-scale image and color image can be stored in compressed form and no further compression maybe required. This is contrast to the existing algorithms which reconstruct a halftoned image in an uncompressed form. The bit-rate is about 0.52 bits per pixel for encoding a reconstructed gray-scale image, and about 0.96 bits per pixel for encoding a reconstructed color image. The main contribution of this thesis is it opens an area of application on signal reconstruction for VQ.
HUNG, LE VIET, and LE VIET HUNG. "Deep Residual and Classified Neural Networks for Inverse Halftoning." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s6dj6a.
Full textLee, Hsin-Tsrong, and 李新欉. "A Study on the Inverse Theories of Residual stress Using Ultrasonic Waves." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20584976800711619193.
Full text國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
88
A theory for inverting residual stresses based on an acoustoelasticity theory referring to the initial state is established. A general incremental constitutive relation of residually stressed medium is first derived from basic continuum theories of material constitution together with an assumption that the superimposed deformation caused by ultrasonic waves is infinitesimal and elastic. Equations illustrating acoustoelastic effects induced by ultrasonic waves are then followed. In the theory, a globally optimal inversion of residual stresses based on quasi-transverse and quasi-longitudinal body waves, rather than the traditional pure-transverse acoustoelastic birefringence, is studied and proposed. From the results of sensitivity analysis, error analysis encountered with phase velocity measurements, and numerical simulation, the globally optimal inversion of residual stresses is more robust withstanding the random errors from phase velocity measurements than previous approaches. The relative errors of the difference of residual stresses with Thompson, Lee & Smith approach [11] and the absolute of residual stresses with Man & Lu approach [13] are 2 and 6 times of present inverting procedures, respectively. No assumption on the origin of residual stresses is needed, nor the assumption on the existence of ‘natural state’ of the materials. It then eludes the notorious difficulties of ‘natural state’ and ‘texture separation’ automatically. The traditional sextic formulation is extended to the cases of prestressed medium. The dispersion equation is a nonlinear integral equation of surface wave speeds. Numerical integration and recursive iteration are needed to retrieve the surface wave speeds. The inversion of residual stresses is affected tremendously by the numerical precision of the integration. A new sextic formulation is also proposed. A dispersion equation is obtained and expressed in a form of polynomial with surface wave speeds as variables, which relates incident angles of saggital plane, surface wave speed, elastic moduli of initial state, and residual stress. In this new sextic formulation the surface wave speeds are simply the roots of a twelve-degrees polynomial, at most. It can be benefit to the residual stress inversion. Finally, a hybrid method including body and surface wave inspections is proposed. The hybrid method can reduce the efforts of inversion significantly.
張凱盛. "Documentation of the package for Jacobi-Davidson and Shift-Invert Residual Arnoldi methods." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28960413106385519539.
Full text國立交通大學
應用數學系數學建模與科學計算碩士班
104
Solving large scale eigenvalue problems is always very difficult, it is efficient by using the Iteration method to solve this problem. In this thesis, we mean the iterative projection methods, Jacobi-Davidson (JD) and Shift-Invert Residual Arnoldi (SIRA) methods, which using inexact iteration. The problem be projection onto subspace, in order to reduce dimension, then we can obtain approximate by solve the smaller eigenvalue problem. We provide two package, jdsiraSEP and jdsiraGEP, which were primarily written by Chien-Chih Huang via MATLAB, these can solve the standard eigenvalue problems and generalized eigenvalue problems, respectively. The jdsiraSEP and jdsiraGEP based on Jacobi-Davidson and Shift-Invert Residual Arnoldi methods are applied to restarting and locking techniques. User can choose JD or SIRA method to find the desired eigenpairs. We then describe the algorithm about the jdsiraSEP andjdsiraGEP and how to operate in MATLAB. At the end of this thesis, we take the photonic crystals for example to show how to solve the eigenproblem.
Joshi, Sunnie. "A Model for the Estimation of Residual Stresses in Soft Tissues." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11632.
Full textChang, Chiung-Wen, and 張瓊文. "MATLAB package of Jacobi-Davidson and Shift-Invert Residual Arnoldi methods for eigenvalue problem computations." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ss87e.
Full text國立交通大學
應用數學系所
105
For the large and sparse eigenvalue problems, we usually want to find the eigenvalues in a specific region. Since we need to solve the linear system at each step, we use the inexactly Jacobi-Davidson method or the inexactly Shift and Invert Residual Arnoldi method which can reduce the accuracy of the linear systems and compute the eigenpairs which we want. Notice that the only difference between the algorithms of the Jacobi-Davidson and the shift and invert residual Arnoldi methods is the correction equations, so we combine these two methods by adjusting the correction equations to construct a program JDSIRA with MATLAB. In addition to solving the standard eigenvalue problem, this program can also solve polynomial eigenvalue problem and nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Moreover, we also develop the function of harmonic Rayleigh-Ritz method which can be used to solve the approximate eigenpairs. In the numerical experiment, we test the large and sparse matrices, some polynomial eigenvalue problems, and some nonlinear eigenvalue problems and also record the convergence processes of the program. In addition, when we test the eigenvalue problem of the Maxwell equations in the specific photonic crystal, there are some problems to make the program become unstable. Based on the numerical results, we can adjust the appropriate parameters and add some strategies in the program so that the program can solve the desired eigenvalues more efficiently.
Gou, Kun 1981. "Recovery of the Shear Modulus and Residual Stress of Hyperelastic Soft Tissues by Inverse Spectral Techniques." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148199.
Full textTripathy, Chittaranjan. "Novel Algorithms for Protein Structure Determination from Sparse NMR Data." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5596.
Full textNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an established technique for macromolecular structure determination at atomic resolution. However, the majority of the current structure determination approaches require a large set of experiments and use large amount of data to elucidate the three dimensional protein structure. While current structure determination protocols may perform well in data-rich settings, protein structure determination still remains to be a difficult task in a sparse-data setting. Sparse data arises in high-throughput settings, for larger proteins, membrane proteins, and symmetric protein complexes; thereby requiring novel algorithms that can compute structures with provable guarantees on solution quality and running time.
In this dissertation project we made an effort to address the key computational bottlenecks in NMR structural biology. Specifically, we improved and extended the recently-developed techniques by our laboratory, and developed novel algorithms and computational tools that will enable protein structure determination from sparse NMR data. An underlying goal of our project was to minimize the number of NMR experiments, hence the amount of time and cost to perform them, and still be able to determine protein structures accurately from a limited set of experimental data. The algorithms developed in this dissertation use the global orientational restraints from residual dipolar coupling (RDC) and residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA) data from solution NMR, in addition to a sparse set of distance restraints from nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) measurements. We have used tools from algebraic geometry to derive analytic expressions for the bond vector and peptide plane orientations, by exploiting the mathematical interplay between RDC- or RCSA-derived sphero-conics and protein kinematics, which in addition to improving our understanding of the geometry of the restraints from these experimental data, have been used by our algorithms to compute the protein structures provably accurately. Our algorithms, which determine protein backbone global fold from sparse NMR data, were used in the high-resolution structure determination protocol developed in our laboratory to solve the solution NMR structures of the FF Domain 2 of human transcription elongation factor CA150 (RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain interacting protein), which have been deposited into the Protein Data Bank. We have developed a novel, sparse data, RDC-based algorithm to compute ensembles of protein loop conformations in the presence of a moderate level of dynamics in the loop regions. All the algorithms developed in this dissertation have been tested on experimental NMR data. The promising results obtained by our algorithms suggest that our algorithms can be successfully applied to determine high-quality protein backbone structures from a limited amount of experimental NMR data, and hence will be useful in automated NOE assignments and high-resolution protein backbone structure determination from sparse NMR data. The algorithms and the software tools developed during this project are made available as free open-source to the scientific community.
Dissertation
Bernstein, David Martin. "Stumbling on the essential content of a right : an insurmountable hurdle for the state?" Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18082.
Full textLaw
LL.M.
Moura, Pedro Jose de Maio. "Escoamentos multifásicos e transporte sólido em sistemas de drenagem de águas residuais comunitárias." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99428.
Full textDue to the characteristics of the wastewaters resulting from domestic, commercial and industrial effluents produced in urban agglomerations, the solid transport, natural or artificial ventilation and the multiphase flows have special relevance in sanitation systems. The flow in the general network of collectors carrying wastewater is processed predominantly by gravity and with a free surface. However, complementary installations with pipelines with flow under pressure that may have various specificities and incorporate various risks associated with their normal operation are usually indispensable, particularly in large systems. In the case of ascending pipelines, the air injection in steady flow at their base may, not only facilitate the aeration of the liquid mass and prevent the creation of septic conditions, but also improve the hydraulic operation and the process of lifting or transporting the solids present in the wastewater.The current dissertation is part of a set of works that have been developed within the scope of an ongoing research project at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment, LHRHA, of the Department of Civil Engineering of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Coimbra University, DEC-FCTUC, which aims to study and model the various particularities of steady multiphase flows in sanitation systems. The main focus of research in this case was centered on a predominantly experimental work of establishment, measurement and analysis of the solid transport that occurs in two-phase (water-sand) and three-phase (water-sand) steady (permanent) flows in under pressure ascending pipes, in order to be able to evaluate the effects and possible benefits on solid transport, caused by the injection of compressed air at the base of ascending ducts. For this purpose, an existing experimental installation at LHRHA was used, which allowed the introduction, collection and measurement of solid flow rates for various water and injected air flow rates, different inclinations of the ascending duct and different diameters of the transported solid particles. The possibility of applying a simplified two-phase (water-air) model proposed in previous work, for the characterization of the hydraulic functioning of the three-phase (water-air-solid) flows now experimentally observed, considering the solid phase included in the liquid phase, is analyzed, as well as a first approach to the modeling of the critical conditions, or of solid transport start, in the observed two and three-phase flows. The introduction of air at the base of an ascending duct in steady flow, whether it is the impulsion duct of a pumping system, or the ascending branch of an inverted siphon, shows to be extremely favorable in the observed solid transport, which is facilitated or incremented when the introduced air flow rate increases, for a given installation geometry. The characteristics of the flow and the observed solid flow rate are greatly influenced by the slope of the pipe and the diameter of the transported particles. The application of the simplified water-air model previously proposed allows for a reasonable approximation for the description of the hydraulic functioning of the three-phase flow in the ascending duct; the critical or solid transport starting conditions appear to be describable to a good approximation based on Shields and Reynolds numbers, using appropriate characteristic quantities.
Devido às caracteristicas das águas residuais comunitárias resultantes das contribuições domiciliárias, comerciais e industriais produzidas nos aglomerados urbanos, o transporte sólido, a ventilação natural ou artificial e os escoamentos multifásicos apresentam especial relevância nos sistemas de saneamento. O escoamento na rede geral de colectores que transportam águas residuais processa-se predominantemente por gravidade e com superfície livre. No entanto, instalações complementares com condutas com escoamento sob pressão que podem apresentar diversas especificidades e incorporar vários riscos associados ao seu normal funcionamento são normalmente indispensáveis, particularmente em sistemas de grandes dimensões. No caso de condutas ascendentes, a injecção de ar na base das mesmas poderá, não apenas facilitar o arejamento da massa líquida e prevenir a criação de condições de septicidade, como também melhorar o funcionamento hidráulico e o processo de elevação ou de transporte dos sólidos presentes nas águas residuais.A presente dissertação insere-se num universo de trabalhos que têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos no âmbito de um projecto de investigação em curso no Laboratório de Hidráulica, Recursos Hídricos e Ambiente, LHRHA, do Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, DEC-FCTUC, que pretende estudar e modelar as diversas particularidades dos escoamentos multifásicos em sistemas de saneamento. O principal foco de investigação neste caso centrou-se num trabalho predominantemente experimental de estabelecimento, medição e análise do transporte sólido que ocorre nos escoamentos em regime permanente de duas fases (água-areia) e de três fases (água-ar-areia) em condutas sob pressão ascendentes, de forma a poder avaliar os efeitos e possíveis benefícios no transporte sólido, causados pela injecção de ar comprimido na base de condutas ascendentes. Para o efeito, foi utilizada uma instalação experimental existente no LHRHA que permitiu a introdução, recolha e medição de caudais sólidos para vários caudais de água e de ar injectado, diferentes inclinações da conduta ascendente e diferentes diâmetros das partículas sólidas transportadas.É analisada a possibilidade de aplicação de um modelo simplificado de duas fases (água-ar) proposto em trabalho anterior, para a caracterização do funcionamento hidráulico dos escoamentos de três fases (água-ar-sólidos) agora observados experimentalmente, considerando a fase sólida incluída na fase líquida, bem como uma primeira abordagem à modelação das condições críticas, ou de início do transporte sólido, nos escoamentos de duas e três fases observados. A introdução de ar na base de uma conduta ascendente, seja a conduta de impulsão de um sistema de bombagem, ou o ramo ascendente de um sifão invertido, mostra-se extremamente favorável no transporte sólido observado que surge facilitado ou incrementado quando aumenta o caudal de ar introduzido, para um dada geometria da instalação. As características do escoamento e o caudal sólido observado são muito influenciados pela inclinação da tubagem e pelo diâmetro das partículas transportadas. A aplicação do modelo simplificado água-ar anteriormente proposto permite uma razoável aproximação para a descrição do funcionamento hidráulico do escoamento de três fases na conduta ascendente; as condições críticas ou de início de transporte sólido aparentam poder ser descritas com boa aproximação com base nos números de Shields e de Reynolds, utilizando grandezas características adequadas.
Finke, Stefan. "Conventional and Reciprocal Approaches to the Forward and Inverse Problems of Electroencephalography." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8746.
Full textThe inverse problem of electroencephalography (EEG) is the localization of current sources within the brain using surface potentials on the scalp generated by these sources. An inverse solution typically involves multiple calculations of scalp surface potentials, i.e., the EEG forward problem. To solve the forward problem, models are needed for both the underlying source configuration, the source model, and the surrounding tissues, the head model. This thesis treats two distinct approaches for the resolution of the EEG forward and inverse problems using the boundary-element method (BEM): the conventional approach and the reciprocal approach. The conventional approach to the forward problem entails calculating the surface potentials starting from source current dipoles. The reciprocal approach, on the other hand, first solves for the electric field at the source dipole locations when the surface electrodes are reciprocally energized with a unit current. A scalar product of this electric field with the source dipoles then yields the surface potentials. The reciprocal approach promises a number of advantages over the conventional approach, including the possibility of increased surface potential accuracy and decreased computational requirements for inverse solutions. In this thesis, the BEM equations for the conventional and reciprocal approaches are developed using a common weighted-residual formulation. The numerical implementation of both approaches to the forward problem is described for a single-dipole source model. A three-concentric-spheres head model is used for which analytic solutions are available. Scalp potentials are calculated at either the centroids or the vertices of the BEM discretization elements used. The performance of the conventional and reciprocal approaches to the forward problem is evaluated for radial and tangential dipoles of varying eccentricities and two widely different skull conductivities. We then determine whether the potential advantages of the reciprocal approach suggested by forward problem simulations can be exploited to yield more accurate inverse solutions. Single-dipole inverse solutions are obtained using simplex minimization for both the conventional and reciprocal approaches, each with centroid and vertex options. Again, numerical simulations are performed on a three-concentric-spheres model for radial and tangential dipoles of varying eccentricities. The inverse solution accuracy of both approaches is compared for the two different skull conductivities and their relative sensitivity to skull conductivity errors and noise is assessed. While the conventional vertex approach yields the most accurate forward solutions for a presumably more realistic skull conductivity value, both conventional and reciprocal approaches exhibit large errors in scalp potentials for highly eccentric dipoles. The reciprocal approaches produce the least variation in forward solution accuracy for different skull conductivity values. In terms of single-dipole inverse solutions, conventional and reciprocal approaches demonstrate comparable accuracy. Localization errors are low even for highly eccentric dipoles that produce large errors in scalp potentials on account of the nonlinear nature of the single-dipole inverse solution. Both approaches are also found to be equally robust to skull conductivity errors in the presence of noise. Finally, a more realistic head model is obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from which the scalp, skull, and brain/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surfaces are extracted. The two approaches are validated on this type of model using actual somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded following median nerve stimulation in healthy subjects. The inverse solution accuracy of the conventional and reciprocal approaches and their variants, when compared to known anatomical landmarks on MRI, is again evaluated for the two different skull conductivities. Their respective advantages and disadvantages including computational requirements are also assessed. Once again, conventional and reciprocal approaches produce similarly small dipole position errors. Indeed, position errors for single-dipole inverse solutions are inherently robust to inaccuracies in forward solutions, but dependent on the overlapping activity of other neural sources. Against expectations, the reciprocal approaches do not improve dipole position accuracy when compared to the conventional approaches. However, significantly smaller time and storage requirements are the principal advantages of the reciprocal approaches. This type of localization is potentially useful in the planning of neurosurgical interventions, for example, in patients with refractory focal epilepsy in whom EEG and MRI are often already performed.