Academic literature on the topic 'Inverted face'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inverted face"
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Brown, Valerie, Dale Huey, and John M. Findlay. "Face Detection in Peripheral Vision: Do Faces Pop Out?" Perception 26, no. 12 (December 1997): 1555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p261555.
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We examined whether faces can produce a ‘pop-out’ effect in visual search tasks. In the first experiment, subjects' eye movements and search latencies were measured while they viewed a display containing a target face amidst distractors. Targets were upright or inverted faces presented with seven others of the opposite polarity as an ‘around-the-clock’ display. Face images were either photographic or ‘feature only’, with the outline removed. Naive subjects were poor at locating an upright face from an array of inverted faces, but performance improved with practice. In the second experiment, we investigated systematically how training improved performance. Prior to testing, subjects were practised on locating either upright or inverted faces. All subjects benefited from training. Subjects practised on upright faces were faster and more accurate at locating upright target faces than inverted. Subjects practised on inverted faces showed no difference between upright and inverted targets. In the third experiment, faces with ‘jumbled’ features were used as distractors, and this resulted in the same pattern of findings. We conclude that there is no direct rapid ‘pop-out’ effect for faces. However, the findings demonstrate that, in peripheral vision, upright faces show a processing advantage over inverted faces.
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Murphy, Jennifer, Katie L. H. Gray, and Richard Cook. "Inverted faces benefit from whole-face processing." Cognition 194 (January 2020): 104105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104105.
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Campbell, Alison, and James W. Tanaka. "Inversion Impairs Expert Budgerigar Identity Recognition: A Face-Like Effect for a Nonface Object of Expertise." Perception 47, no. 6 (April 24, 2018): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618771806.
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The face-inversion effect is the finding that picture-plane inversion disproportionately impairs face recognition compared to object recognition and is now attributed to greater orientation-sensitivity of holistic processing for faces but not common objects. Yet, expert dog judges have showed similar recognition deficits for inverted dogs and inverted faces, suggesting that holistic processing is not specific to faces but to the expert recognition of perceptually similar objects. Although processing changes in expert object recognition have since been extensively documented, no other studies have observed the distinct recognition deficits for inverted objects-of-expertise that people as face experts show for faces. However, few studies have examined experts who recognize individual objects similar to how people recognize individual faces. Here we tested experts who recognize individual budgerigar birds. The effect of inversion on viewpoint-invariant budgerigar and face recognition was compared for experts and novices. Consistent with the face-inversion effect, novices showed recognition deficits for inverted faces but not for inverted budgerigars. By contrast, experts showed equal recognition deficits for inverted faces and budgerigars. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that processes underlying the face-inversion effect are specific to the expert individuation of perceptually similar objects.
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Carbon, Claus-Christian, and Helmut Leder. "When Feature Information Comes First! Early Processing of Inverted Faces." Perception 34, no. 9 (September 2005): 1117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5192.
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We investigated the early stages of face recognition and the role of featural and holistic face information. We exploited the fact that, on inversion, the alienating disorientation of the eyes and mouth in thatcherised faces is hardly detectable. This effect allows featural and holistic information to be dissociated and was used to test specific face-processing hypotheses. In inverted thatcherised faces, the cardinal features are already correctly oriented, whereas in undistorted faces, the whole Gestalt is coherent but all information is disoriented. Experiment 1 and experiment 3 revealed that, for inverted faces, featural information processing precedes holistic information. Moreover, the processing of contextual information is necessary to process local featural information within a short presentation time (26 ms). Furthermore, for upright faces, holistic information seems to be available faster than for inverted faces (experiment 2). These differences in processing inverted and upright faces presumably cause the differential importance of featural and holistic information for inverted and upright faces.
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Rakover, Sam S., Rani Amit Bar-On, and Anna Gliklich. "Comparing Inverted Faces to Upright Faces Using Similarity or Mental Rotation." American Journal of Psychology 135, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/19398298.135.2.03.
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Abstract A major interest of research in face recognition lies in explaining the face inversion effect, in which the recognition of an inverted face is less successful than that of an upright face. However, prior research has devoted little effort to examining how the cognitive system handles comparison between inverted and upright faces. The results of a preparatory experiment and two following experiments support the conclusion that the comparison is based more on visual similarity than on a mental rotation of the inverted face to an upright face. Visual similarity is based on certain elements mutual to the two faces, which resist the transformation of inversion. These elements are symmetric or salient components of the face, such as round eyes or thick lips.
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BOOKHEIMER, SUSAN Y., A. TING WANG, ASHLEY SCOTT, MARIAN SIGMAN, and MIRELLA DAPRETTO. "Frontal contributions to face processing differences in autism: Evidence from fMRI of inverted face processing." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 6 (October 27, 2008): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770808140x.
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AbstractFunctional neuroimaging studies of face processing deficits in autism have typically focused on visual processing regions, such as the fusiform face area (FFA), which have shown reduced activity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), though inconsistently. We recently reported reduced activity in the inferior frontal region in ASD, implicating impaired mirror-neuron systems during face processing. In the present study, we used fMRI during a face processing task in which subjects had to match faces presented in the upright versus inverted position. Typically developing (TD) children showed a classic behavioral inversion effect, increased reaction time for inverted faces, while this effect was significantly reduced in ASD subjects. The fMRI data showed similar responses in the fusiform face area for ASD and TD children, with both groups demonstrating increased activation for inverted faces. However, the groups did differ in several brain regions implicated in social cognition, particularly prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These data suggest that the behavioral differences in processing upright versus inverted faces for TD children are related not to visual information processing but to the social significance of the stimuli. Our results are consistent with other recent studies implicating frontal and limbic dysfunction during face processing in autism. (JINS, 2008, 14, 922–932.)
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Haggbloom, Steven J., and Jason E. Warnick. "Practice and Incentive Motivation in Recognition of Inverted Faces." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 2 (April 2003): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.2.578.
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In each of three experiments, participants received successive daily practice sessions on the task of recognizing inverted faces. In all practice sessions, an initial study series of 25 inverted faces was followed immediately by a test series of 17 pairs of inverted faces. Each test pair comprised a face from the study series and a new face. Completely new sets of faces were used in each session. Recognition of inverted faces did not improve across sessions in Exp. 1 but did improve in Exps. 2 and 3. Unlike Exp. 1, Exps. 2 and 3 employed an explicit incentive for improved performance. These results show that sufficiently motivated participants can become quite proficient at recognizing inverted faces. Implications of the results for the role of expertise at recognition in producing the inversion effect are discussed.
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Allen-Davidian, Yasmin, Manuela Russo, Naohide Yamamoto, Jordy Kaufman, Alan J. Pegna, and Patrick Johnston. "Turning the Face Inversion Effect on Its Head: Violated Expectations of Orientation, Lighting, and Gravity Enhance N170 Amplitudes." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 2 (February 2021): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01656.
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Face inversion effects occur for both behavioral and electrophysiological responses when people view faces. In EEG, inverted faces are often reported to evoke an enhanced amplitude and delayed latency of the N170 ERP. This response has been attributed to the indexing of specialized face processing mechanisms within the brain. However, inspection of the literature revealed that, although N170 is consistently delayed to a variety of face representations, only photographed faces invoke enhanced N170 amplitudes upon inversion. This suggests that the increased N170 amplitudes to inverted faces may have other origins than the inversion of the face's structure. We hypothesize that the unique N170 amplitude response to inverted photographed faces stems from multiple expectation violations, over and above structural inversion. For instance, rotating an image of a face upside–down not only violates the expectation that faces appear upright but also lifelong priors about illumination and gravity. We recorded EEG while participants viewed face stimuli (upright vs. inverted), where the faces were illuminated from above versus below, and where the models were photographed upright versus hanging upside–down. The N170 amplitudes were found to be modulated by a complex interaction between orientation, lighting, and gravity factors, with the amplitudes largest when faces consistently violated all three expectations. These results confirm our hypothesis that face inversion effects on N170 amplitudes are driven by a violation of the viewer's expectations across several parameters that characterize faces, rather than a disruption in the configurational disposition of its features.
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Zhang, Hong, Yaoru Sun, and Lun Zhao. "Face Context Influences Local Part Processing: An ERP Study." Perception 46, no. 9 (February 2, 2017): 1090–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617691293.
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Perception of face parts on the basis of features is thought to be different from perception of whole faces, which is more based on configural information. Face context is also suggested to play an important role in face processing. To investigate how face context influences the early-stage perception of facial local parts, we used an oddball paradigm that tested perceptual stages of face processing rather than recognition. We recorded the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by whole faces and face parts presented in four conditions (upright-normal, upright-thatcherised, inverted-normal and inverted-thatcherised), as well as the ERPs elicited by non-face objects (whole houses and house parts) with corresponding conditions. The results showed that face context significantly affected the N170 with increased amplitudes and earlier peak latency for upright normal faces. Removing face context delayed the P1 latency but did not affect the P1 amplitude prominently for both upright and inverted normal faces. Across all conditions, neither the N170 nor the P1 was modulated by house context. The significant changes on the N170 and P1 components revealed that face context influences local part processing at the early stage of face processing and this context effect might be specific for face perception. We further suggested that perceptions of whole faces and face parts are functionally distinguished.
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Colombatto, Clara, and Gregory McCarthy. "The Effects of Face Inversion and Face Race on the P100 ERP." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 4 (April 2017): 664–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01079.
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Research about the neural basis of face recognition has investigated the timing and anatomical substrates of different stages of face processing. Scalp-recorded ERP studies of face processing have focused on the N170, an ERP with a peak latency of ∼170 msec that has long been associated with the initial structural encoding of faces. However, several studies have reported earlier ERP differences related to faces, suggesting that face-specific processes might occur before N170. Here, we examined the influence of face inversion and face race on the timing of face-sensitive scalp-recorded ERPs by examining neural responses to upright and inverted line-drawn and luminance-matched white and black faces in a sample of white participants. We found that the P100 ERP evoked by inverted faces was significantly larger than that evoked by upright faces. Although this inversion effect was statistically significant at 100 msec, the inverted-upright ERP difference peaked at 138 msec, suggesting that it might represent an activity in neural sources that overlap with P100. Inverse modeling of the inversion effect difference waveform suggested possible neural sources in pericalcarine extrastriate visual cortex and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. We also found that the inversion effect difference wave was larger for white faces. These results are consistent with behavioral evidence that individuals process the faces of their own races more configurally than faces of other races. Taken together, the inversion and race effects observed in the current study suggest that configuration influences face processing by at least 100 msec.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inverted face"
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Kemp, Richard Ian. "Face perception : sensitivity to feature displacement in normal, negative and inverted images." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309417.
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Toye, Eleanor Frances. "Recognition of inverted faces and other images by children with autism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620582.
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Moreau, Luc. "Les papillomes inverses naso-sinusiens : a propos de 38 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M152.
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QUACCHIA, DIDIER. "Papillomes inverses des fosses nasales et des cavites sinusiennes : discussion a propos de 7 cas." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM006.
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Monteiro, Antonio Goulart. "Resultado do uso da face ortotópica ou da face invertida do saco herniário sobre o reforço à bassini, na herniorrafia inguinal." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9UHKDH.
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Introduction: The proposal of using the herniary sac on strengthening the transversal fascia in inguinal hernia repair, in 1971, resulted in several successful and published works. The orthotopic face or reverse side of the sac used in reinforcing the inguinal triangle was random. Objective:To evaluate which side of the face used, orthotopic or inverted sac, has a better outcome after added on strengthening the Bassini, using the variable infection, rejection and recurrence. Method: From December 2011 to January 2013, a number of 114 operations of direct and indirect inguinal hernia were performed in 99 patients. They were divided into three groups: group A, the Bassini repair (51 operations); group B, orthotopic more Bassini repair (35 operations); and group C, Bassini repair more inverted (28 operations). The statistical test used was Fisher's exact test to compare the results. The follow-up period was performed with returns in 10 days, one month, three months, six months and one year. The following variables were evaluated: wound infection, rejection and recurrence. Ultrasound examination on the operated region of all patients operated on later than six months and one year postoperatively was asked to check the thickness at the site of placement of the screen. Hematoxylin-eosin histology (HE) biopsy of the herniary sac was performed to verify the existence of smooth muscle. The cost of the surgery was evaluated to compare with use of polypropylene mesh. Results: There were six recurrences in group A (11.7%), three recurrences in group B (8.5%) and two in group C (7.1%) (p = 0.850) with no statistical difference. When the inguinal hernias were stratified and only the unilateral indirect inguinal hernia was evaluated, one recurrence was obtained in 18 patients in group A (5%), one in 20 in group B (4%) and none in 16 patients in group C (p = 0.76). Conclusion: All three operations were successful in indirect inguinal hernias, but the repair with the inverted hernia sac showed better results.Introdução: a proposta do uso do saco herniário sobre o reforço da fáscia transversal no reparo da hérnia inguinal, em 1971, resultou em vários trabalhos bem-sucedidos e publicados. A face ortotópica ou a face invertida do saco herniário usado no reforço do triângulo inguinal foi aleatória. Objetivo: avaliar qual a face do saco herniário, ortotópica ou invertida, apresenta melhor resultado após acrescentada sobre o reforço à Bassini, por meio das variáveis infecção, rejeição e recidiva. Método: no período de dezembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2013 foram realizadas 114 operações de hérnia inguinal direta e indireta, em 99 pacientes. Foram divididos em três grupos: grupo A, reparo à Bassini (51 operações); grupo B, Bassini mais reparo ortotópico (35 operações); e grupo C, Bassini mais reparo invertido (28 operações). O teste estatístico usado foi o exato de Fisher para comparar os resultados. O período de acompanhamento foi realizado com retornos em 10 dias, um mês, três meses, seis meses e um ano. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: infecção da ferida operatória, rejeição e recidiva. Foi solicitado exame ultrassonográfico da região operada para todos os pacientes no pós-operatório tardio de seis meses e um ano, para verificar a espessura no local de colocação da tela. Foi realizada histologia hematoxilina-eosina (HE) da biopsia do saco herniário para verificar a existência de músculo liso. Avaliou-se o custo da cirurgia em comparação com uso da tela de polipropileno. Resultado: houve seis recidivas no grupo A (11,7%), três recidivas no grupo B (8,5%) e duas no grupo C (7,1%) (p=0,850) sem diferença estatística. Quando foram estratificadas as hérnias inguinais e avaliada somente a hérnia inguinal indireta unilateral, obteve-se uma recidiva em 18 pacientes do grupo A (5%), uma em 20 no grupo B (4%) e nenhuma em 16 pacientes no grupo C (p=0,76). Conclusão: todas as três operações foram bem-sucedidas nas hérnias inguinais indiretas, porém o reparo com o saco herniário invertido apresentou melhor resultado.
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Aldrian, Oswald. "Inverse rendering of faces with a 3D morphable model." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3215/.
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In this thesis, we present a complete framework to inverse render faces with a 3D Morphable Model. By decomposing the image formation process into a geometric and photometric part, we are able to state the problem as a multilinear system which can be solved accurately and efficiently. As we treat each contribution as independent, the objective function is convex in the parameters and a globally optimal solution can be found. We start by recovering 3D shape using a novel algorithm which incorporates generalisation errors of the model obtained from empirical measurements. The algorithm is extended so it can efficiently deal with mixture distributions. We then describe three methods to recover facial texture, and for the second and third, diffuse lighting, specular reflectance and camera properties from a single image. These methods make increasingly weak assumptions and can all be solved in a linear fashion. We further modify our framework so it accounts for global illumination effects. This is achieved by incorporating statistical models for ambient occlusion and bent normals into the image formation model. We show that solving for ambient occlusion and bent normal parameters as part of the fitting process improves the accuracy of the estimated texture map and illumination environment. We present results on challenging data, rendered under complex natural illumination with both specular reflectance and occlusion of the illumination environment. We evaluate our findings on publicly available datasets, where we are able to obtain state-of-the-art results. Finally, we present a practical method to synthesise a larger population from a small training-set and show how the new instances can be used to build a flexible PCA model.
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Gaspar, Jonathan. "Fluxmétrie et caractérisation thermiques instationnaires des dépôts des composants face au plasma du Tokamak JET par techniques inverses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4739/document.
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Ces travaux portent sur la résolution successive de deux problèmes inverses en transferts thermiques : l'estimation de la densité de flux en surface d'un matériau puis de la conductivité thermique équivalente d'une couche déposée en surface de ce matériau. Le modèle direct est bidimensionnel orthotrope (géométrie réelle d'un matériau composite), instationnaire, non-linéaire et ses équations sont résolues par éléments finis. Les matériaux étudiés sont les composants face au plasma (tuiles composite carbone-carbone) dans le Tokamak JET. La densité de flux recherchée varie avec une dimension spatiale et avec le temps. La conductivité du dépôt de surface varie spatialement et peut également varier au cours du temps pendant l'expérience (toutes les autres propriétés thermophysiques dépendent de la température). Les deux problèmes inverses sont résolus à l'aide de l'algorithme des gradients conjugués associé à la méthode de l'état adjoint pour le calcul exact du gradient. La donnée expérimentale utilisée pour la résolution du premier problème inverse (estimation de flux surfacique) est le thermogramme fourni par un thermocouple enfoui. Le second problème inverse utilise, lui, les variations spatio-temporelles de la température de surface du dépôt inconnu (thermographie infrarouge) pour identifier sa conductivité. Des calculs de confiance associée aux grandeurs identifiées sont réalisés avec la démarche Monte Carlo. Les méthodes mises au point pendant ces travaux aident à comprendre la dynamique de l'interaction plasma-paroi ainsi que la cinétique de formation des dépôts de carbone sur les composants et aideront au design des composants des machines futures (WEST, ITER)This work deals with the successive resolution of two inverse heat transfer problems: the estimation of surface heat flux on a material and equivalent thermal conductivity of a surface layer on that material. The direct formulation is bidimensional, orthotropic (real geometry of a composite material), unsteady, non-linear and solved by finite elements. The studied materials are plasma facing components (carbon-carbon composite tiles) from Tokamak JET. The searched heat flux density varies with time and one dimension in space. The surface layers conductivity varies spatially and can vary with time during the experiment (the other thermophysical properties are temperature dependent). The two inverse problems are solved by the conjugate gradient method with the adjoint state method for the exact gradient calculation. The experimental data used for the first inverse problem resolution (surface heat flux estimation) is the thermogram provided by an embedded thermocouple. The second inverse problem uses the space and time variations of the surface temperature of the unknown surface layer (infrared thermography) for the conductivity identification. The confidence calculations associated to the estimated values are done by the Monte Carlo approach. The method developed during this thesis helps to the understanding of the plasma-wall interaction dynamic, as well as the kinetic of the surface carbon layer formation on the plasma facing components, and will be helpful to the design of the components of the future machines (WEST, ITER)
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Örn, Henrik. "Accuracy and precision of bedrock sur-face prediction using geophysics and geostatistics." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171859.
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In underground construction and foundation engineering uncertainties associated with subsurface properties are inevitable to deal with. Site investigations are expensive to perform, but a limited understanding of the subsurface may result in major problems; which often lead to an unexpected increase in the overall cost of the construction project. This study aims to optimize the pre-investigation program to get as much correct information out from a limited input of resources, thus making it as cost effective as possible. To optimize site investigation using soil-rock sounding three different sampling techniques, a varying number of sample points and two different interpolation methods (Inverse distance weighting and point Kriging) were tested on four modeled reference surfaces. The accuracy of rock surface predictions was evaluated using a 3D gridding and modeling computer software (Surfer 8.02®). Samples with continuously distributed data, resembling profile lines from geophysical surveys were used to evaluate how this could improve the accuracy of the prediction compared to adding additional sampling points. The study explains the correlation between the number of sampling points and the accuracy of the prediction obtained using different interpolators. Most importantly it shows how continuous data significantly improves the accuracy of the rock surface predictions and therefore concludes that geophysical measurement should be used combined with traditional soil rock sounding to optimize the pre-investigation program.
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Faugeroux, Olivier. "Caractérisation thermophysique de revêtements de protection thermomécanique par méthode photothermique impulsionnelle." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0459.
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Astruc, François. "Les papillomes inversés naso-sinusiens : à propos de 38 cas." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11105.
Full textBooks on the topic "Inverted face"
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Turley, Sandy. The Fact family: A teaching rhyme about inverse number relationships. [United States?]: S. Turley, 2006.
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Jaouen, Romain. L'inspecteur et l'"inverti": La police face aux sexualités masculines à Paris, 1919-1940. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2018.
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Simoncini, Andrea, ed. La semplificazione in Toscana. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-239-4.
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The need for reform in Italian Public Administration is a fact that no longer calls for justification: the increasing divergence between expectations and performance in the public sector appears to expand in inverse proportion to the success rate of the attempts at reform that have successively been made since the 1990s. Taking this reflection as its cue, the book offers the results of a study inspired by the Tuscan regional law 40/2009, exploring the results and prospects of the process of administrative and regulatory simplification, at both national and regional level. The chosen key, which is crucially interdisciplinary, for the very first time probes the profound meshing of legal and economic aspects, offering elements not only of analysis but also of practical application.
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Fashion, I. Draw. Makeup Charts - Face Charts for Makeup Artists: Black Model - INVERTED TRIANGLE Face Shape. Independently Published, 2019.
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Fashion, I. Draw. Makeup Charts - Face Charts for Makeup Artists: Asian Model - INVERTED TRIANGLE Face Shape. Independently Published, 2019.
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Makeup Charts - Face Charts for Makeup Artists: White Model - INVERTED TRIANGLE Face Shape. Independently Published, 2019.
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Bárány, András. Inverse agreement in Hungarian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804185.003.0003.
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This chapter turns to object agreement with personal pronouns in Hungarian. Pronouns are interesting because they do not always trigger agreement with the verb: first person objects never trigger object agreement (morphology), and second person pronouns only do with first person singular subjects. It is proposed that the distribution of object agreement is a morphological effect and argues that all personal pronouns do in fact trigger agreement, but agreement is not always spelled out. This means that Hungarian has an inverse agreement system, where the spell-out of agreement is determined by the relative person feature (or person feature sets) of the subject and the object. A formally explicit analysis of the syntax and the morphological spell-out of agreement is provided.
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Gerstenberg, Tobias, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum. Intuitive Theories. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.28.
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This chapter first explains what intuitive theories are, how they can be modeled as probabilistic, generative programs, and how intuitive theories support various cognitive functions such as prediction, counterfactual reasoning, and explanation. It focuses on two domains of knowledge: people’s intuitive understanding of physics, and their intuitive understanding of psychology. It shows how causal judgments can be modeled as counterfactual contrasts operating over an intuitive theory of physics, and how explanations of an agent’s behavior are grounded in a rational planning model that is inverted to infer the agent’s beliefs, desires, and abilities. It concludes by highlighting some of the challenges that the intuitive theories framework faces, such as understanding how intuitive theories are learned and developed.
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Péteri, Lóránt. Idyllic Masks of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0007.
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Mahler’s orchestral song ‘Das himmlische Leben’ (1892) includes references to the chanson of Aristaeus from Act I of Offenbach’s Orphée aux Enfers (1858)—an opéra bouffon Mahler conducted twice in Kassel, between 1883 and 1885. The archaisms of melodic line, part-writing, harmonisation and orchestration in Mahler’s song are at least partly inspired by the direct historicism of Offenbach’s fake pastoral. Irony also has a crucial role in the rhetoric strategies of both works. Jean Paul’s definition of humour as ‘the inverted sublime’ can just as well be applied to Offenbach’s parody of a myth as to the childish and worldly joys of Paradise depicted in ‘Das himmlische Leben’. A comparison with another Humoreske of 1892 by Mahler, ‘Wer hat dies Liedlein erdacht?’, demonstrates that the subversive quotation or allusion, which involves a duality of naivety and chicanery, the lofty and the lowly, is a virtually indispensable feature of the genre.
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Guerra Hernandez, Hector. Estudos africanos: abordagens e possibilidades heurísticas de uma área em construção interdisciplinar. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-990565-1-2.
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Scholars presently engaged in African History have to face obstacles inherent to the constraints which involve academic production and its regimens of truth. It is in the circle of academic debates that one may grasp the lack of epistemic autonomy not only in defining our own historical questions, but also our heuristic models and approaches. Being able to call into question such regimens of truth which sustain the production of knowledge about the African continent is contingent on the critical reframing of epistemic vantage points, in spite of the recognition that that the very conceptual frameworks and categorization systems remain embedded in Western epistemology. Critically grasping this fact represents a challenge of daunting proportions. Therefore, to make historical sense of African societies' constitutive processes it is imperative to provincialize the political historicism which insists in placing the State as a definitive, rational and consolidated form of political organization. The analytical gaze deployed in this book intends to set out of the inverse perspective by focusing upon processes of social mobility, associativism and conflict management as constitutive elements of these societies. It is posited that it is possible to approach these processes out of the usual paradigms of modern states - either colonial or contemporary - in order to build heuristic perspectives conducive to the uplifting of social agency and autonomy of African historical processes.
Book chapters on the topic "Inverted face"
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Leder, Helmut, and Vicki Bruce. "Feature Processing from Upright and Inverted Faces." In Face Recognition, 547–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72201-1_34.
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Li, Yuancheng, Yufei Bao, Shaofa Shang, and Mei Wang. "Face Recognition Based on Inverted Residual Network in Complex Environment of Mine." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 287–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7943-9_25.
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Tang, Lihe, Weidong Yang, Qiang Gao, Rui Xu, and Rongzhi Ye. "A Lightweight Verification Scheme Based on Dynamic Convolution." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 778–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_78.
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AbstractSince Electricity Grid Engineering involves a large number of personnel in the construction process, face recognition algorithms can be used to solve the personnel management problem. The recognition devices used in Electricity Grid Engineering are often mobile, embedded, and other lightweight devices with limited hardware performance. Although a large number of existing face recognition algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks have high recognition accuracy, they are difficult to run in mobile devices or offline environments due to high computational complexity. In order to maintain the accuracy of face recognition while reducing the complexity of face recognition networks, a lightweight face recognition network based on Dynamic Convolution is proposed. Based on MobileNetV2, this paper introduces the Dynamic Convolution operation. It proposes a Dynamic Inverted Residuals Block, which enables the lightweight neural network to combine the feature extraction and learning ability of large neural networks to improve the recognition accuracy of the model. The experiments prove that the proposed model maintains high recognition accuracy while ensuring lightweight.
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Fu, Liang. "Influence of Excavation of Horizontal Adit Tunnel on Main Tunnel and Safety Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 160–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_15.
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AbstractFor the influence of horizontal adit tunnel on the main tunnel, taking a tunnel as an example, MIDAS finite element software is used to analyzes the displacement and stress state of the primary support and secondary lining structure of the main tunnel before and after excavation, gives the local structural safety factor at the junction of the two, and analyzes the safety of the lining structure. The results show that: (1) After the main tunnel lining is removed, the lining has a certain displacement to the free face, the maximum is 55.3 mm, and the displacement changes little after the lining of the horizontal adit tunnel; (2) The safety factor calculation of the main tunnel lining at the junction, except the inverted arch area of primary support, all other parts meet the specification requirements.
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Décieux, Jean Philippe, and Elke Murdock. "Sense of Belonging: Predictors for Host Country Attachment Among Emigrants." In IMISCOE Research Series, 265–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4_15.
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AbstractGerman citizens usually leave their home country voluntarily and face fewer barriers, e.g. in terms of freedom of travel or labour market integration. However, when arriving in their host country, they are confronted with the need to adapt to life in a new society. Analysing data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study, we found that half of the emigrants developed a sense of belonging to their new host society. Moreover, we set out to examine this development of host country attachment. Guided by findings from acculturation and expatriate attachment research, we identified factors potentially contributing to host country attachment and tested these in a series of regression models. Permanence of the intended stay is the strongest predictor, and social integration also plays an important role. Host country language competence is also important for the identification processes. Regarding cultural distance, our findings suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship with certain cultural novelty facilitating the development of host country belonging. Moreover, the data point to a complex relationship between cultural characteristics of the target country and factors related to an emotional settlement.
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Tau, Ramiro. "Natural and Supernatural Agents: Children’s Representations of Gods and Dead Entities." In When Children Draw Gods, 427–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_16.
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AbstractWhen children face the task of having to draw something related to human death, their drawings are based on imaginary, figurative and schematic resources. These representations usually reveal children’s resolution of two fundamental problems regarding the comprehension of death; (a) which type of entity dies with death? (b) what are the characteristics of the space of the dead? From child’s perspective, what dies with death, and the place of the dead, are regulated by a specific legality, different from the one prevailing in his daily life. The physical, biological and psychological principles that children recognize as necessary in everyday experience are cancelled, inverted or alternated with death. This subversion becomes evident in drawings and is analogous to the one found in children’s representations of deities, supernatural agents, and divine spaces. The cognitive and figurative correspondence between the attributes children confer to the dead, the gods and the spaces they inhabit are analysed and discussed using data from two exploratory studies conducted in Argentina, with children from agnostic, atheist and Christian families. We address three broad axes: what, where and how children draw dead and supernatural entities, highlighting the te Luoreda Lamas, 2001; ndency towards anthropomorphization, the inaccessibility of the places inhabited by these beings and the attribution of non-normal capacities.
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Kar, Amlaan, Maneet Singh, Mayank Vatsa, and Richa Singh. "Disguised Face Verification Using Inverse Disguise Quality." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020 Workshops, 524–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65414-6_36.
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Zhuang, Xiao-Sheng, Dao-Qing Dai, and P. C. Yuen. "Face Recognition by Inverse Fisher Discriminant Features." In Advances in Biometrics, 92–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11608288_13.
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Jeong, Kanghun, Hyeonjoon Moon, and Sanghoon Kim. "3D Face Representation Using Inverse Compositional Image Alignment for Multimodal Face Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 423–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8798-7_51.
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Pistocchi, Alberto, and Dimitar T. Marinov. "Inverse Modeling and Its Application to Water Contaminants." In GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling, 443–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118523667.ch19.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Inverted face"
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Herrmann, Christian, and Jürgen Beyerer. "Fast face recognition by using an inverted index." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Edmund Y. Lam and Kurt S. Niel. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2078988.
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Tong, Xinjie, and Teng Wang. "Attention-guided Face Alignment Based on Inverted Residuals." In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8996276.
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Yang, Xinyu, Zhijin Guo, Mowen Xue, and Zijian Shi. "High-Fidelity Face Swapping with Style Blending." In 24th Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference. Irish Pattern Recognition and Classification Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56541/kupa8487.
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Face swapping is gaining significant traction, boosted by the plethora of human face synthesis with the deep learning methods. Recent works based on Generative Adversarial Nets (GAN) for face swapping often suffer from blending inconsistency, distortions and artefacts, as well as instability in training. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end framework for high-fidelity face swapping, leveraging the high photorealistic face generation techniques from StyleGAN. Firstly, we invert the facial images into the style latent space by purposing a novel facial attributes encoder that is capable of extracting face essentials from the face image and projecting them to the style code in the latent space. We show that such inverted style code encapsulates facial attributes that are indispensable for face swapping task. Secondly, a carefully designed style blending module (SBM) is introduced for transferring the identity from a source image to the target by the multi-head attention (MHA) mechanism. We propose relevant constraints for guiding the learning of the SBM, leading to the effective blending of the Face ID from the source face to the target image. Finally, the blended style code can be translated back to the image space via the style decoder, benefiting from the training stability and the high quality of the generative capability of the style-based decoder. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior quality of the face synthesis results (illustrated in Figure 1) of our face-swapping system compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
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Webjörn, Jonas, Fredrik Laurell, and Gunnar Arvidsson. "Periodically domain-inverted lithium niobate channel waveguides for second harmonic generation." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1989.tha2.
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It is known that ferroelectric domain inversion can occur at the positive face when c-cut lithium niobate is treated at temperatures near the Curie-temperature [1]. Domain inversion has also been noted as a problem during waveguide fabrication based on titanium indiffusion, which requires high diffusion temperatures [2,3,4]. The titanium was seen to affect the inversion process.
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Parmar, Yogesh Pravin. "Application of Inverted Umbrella Technique in Offshore." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208619-ms.
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Abstract The oil and gas industries are setting a new achievement every day by fulfilling the energy security of almost all the nations. With the continuous rise in the demand of a hydrocarbon, industries are facing many new challenges while fulfilling it. One of the major concerns is the safety of an environment and safety of working professionals that HSE Department is continuously focused in. The industry has been in continuous upgradation since its inception to counter all the challenges. Inverted Umbrella Technique (IUT) is the recent innovation in the industry and this could be further more conceptualized by adding its role into the energy industries. This could turn out as a major breakthrough in the oil and gas domain from HSE perspective. The paper here aimed for providing efficient solution by setting up the system that could help us to drawdown the rising concern in the safety of the environment. Inverted Umbrella Technique (IUT) could roll down the new horizons for the offshore productions system in oil and gas industries. The concept is focused on the minimal loss of methane during exploitation of gas hydrates as well as focused on the prevention of oil spill and reducing the damage that blowout of oil or gas well can make to the environment while making sure that industries do not suffer any kind of major capital loss and making it safe for industries to not face many health, safety, and environment (HSE) norms that are decided by the government and most important is, it will help us to create a safe environment for aquatic species living around the offshore platform and nearby.
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Pfennig, Anja, and Jörg Maier-Rothe. "Successfully planning and implementing peer-to-peer lecture films – “Making of”." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.7504.
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Videos implemented in higher education are widely used by students and provide an audio and visual stimulus covering different learning methodologies. Lecture videos that are analogous to the desired learning outcomes of the lecture are considered a reinforcement. These videos covering scientific background on short sequences need to be of a certain standard to gain students` interest and become a fully accepted learning material. Since summer 2015 lecture videos are implemented in “inverted classroom” teaching scenarios to teach material science to first year students studying mechanical and automotive engineering at HTW Berlin. These videos were initially inspired by students resulting in the conduction of a set of lecture videos during a one term semester project each semester. The “making-of” is supervised by lecturers and film experts (peer-to-peer approach). The peer-to-peer approach is an important aspect because students` needs and their perspective on teaching material is included directly in the videos. Because we were asked many times: what does it take to prepare successful peer-to-peer lecture films this paper practically contributes to those who are thinking about producing lecture videos and implementing these in face-to-face lectures or online/blended learning scenarios.
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Laurell, F., M. G. Roelofs, W. Bindloss, H. Hsiung, and J. D. Bierlein. "Evidence for ferroelectric domain reversal in KTP waveguides." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thk1.
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Segmented KTP waveguides can efficiently generate second-harmonic (SH) light through quasiphase matching. Highly efficient interaction was attributed to domain reversal in the ion exchanged segments forming the waveguide. Four techniques are described which demonstrate that, in conditions producing high efficiency SH generators, the ion exchange does indeed produce domain reversal. The toning procedure uses a high resolution negative liquid electrostatic toner. Domain reversed segments on the c - -face develop positive charge on cooling and attract toner particles, while nonreversed segments repel the toner. The piezoelectric measurements utilize oscillatory force applied to KTP held between a flat plate and a needle. The piezoelectric voltage from the needle dominates the back surface. Uninverted planar waveguides produce an increased voltage, relative to an undiffused surface, while inverted waveguides yield a significantly reduced voltage. In the surface SHG experiment, 266-nm radiation is generated at the air–KTP interface. Domain inversion shifts the phase of the SHG beam by 180°C, and interference of the SHG beam with a variable-phase reference beam allows determination of domain orientation. The etchant KOH:KNO3 selectively attacks the negative face (c-) of KTP. Unexchanged regions are etched to a depth of 1–2 µm, while the domain reversed segments stand out from the surface unetched.
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Pachón, Pablo, Enrique García, Víctor Compán, Javier F. Jiménez-Alonso, and Rafael Castro. "Ambient Vibration Testing, Dynamic Identification and Model Updating of a historical bridge." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0152.
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<p>The proper maintenance of bridges is nowadays fundamental and unavoidable. These structures have to be preserved and technical works are usually essential to ensure its correct preservation. In this respect, it is common to use the finite element method as a numerical technique to assess the structural behaviour of this type of structure. However, when it comes time to face a historical construction, it is well known the high level of uncertainty surrounding the definition of the parameters that characterize it. Material properties, connections between structural parts or construction process are aspects that can cause significant changes between the classical numerical results and those experimentally identified. Among non-destructive techniques, finite element modal updating allows for adjusting the numerical model on the basis of dynamic characterization of the structure. This study presents the implementation of this process on the bridge of Posadas (Cordoba, Spain), a historic construction designed by the famous engineer Eduardo Torroja in 1957. The singularity of this historical construction lies in its special configuration, a concrete deck with inverted bowstring steel trusses, which can only be found in two other examples in Europe.</p>
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Alvarez, Jose Oliverio, and Ashok Santra. "Continuous Monitoring of Drilling Mud Properties Through Novel Microwave Apparatus." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210125-ms.
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Abstract During drilling operations, encountering highly pressurized brine zones or low-pressure zones can alter the amount of brine in an oil-based mud, also known as oil-brine-ratio (OBR). Thus, monitoring the OBR is an important measurement to determine any changes in the formation pressure. A non-intrusive microwave drilling mud analyzer (MDMA) for real-time oil-brine-ratio measurements was designed, built, and tested on drilling muds performed. The MDMA uses a vector network analyzer to measure the reflection (S11) and transmission (S21) spectra of drilling muds. The initial design concept consisted of a pair of waveguides whose ends face each other and are placed on the inner surface of the pipe. The waveguides have a diameter similar to the main pipe and are filled with specific low loss materials with dielectric value near that of the fluid in the pipe. Based on the initial design, an optimized prototype was designed and built. The improved design increases bandwidth by adding tapered ridges to the original cylindrical waveguide and optimizes the feed details to maintain an impedance match to the feed connectors. Results on drilling muds shows a high sensitivity to brine content, which can be inverted to have high accuracy OBR values. In addition, the MDMA showed also high sensitivity to water dilution and to an increase in solids content
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Martens, Steven, and Ludwig Haber. "Jet Noise Reduction for High Speed Exhaust Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50455.
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Jet noise has been an environmental issue since the advent of jet aircraft. The past five decades have seen much research into solving this very difficult challenge for a variety of applications. The Supersonic Transport (SST), High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT), and a variety of supersonic business jet (SSBJ) applications all face significant jet noise challenges. Jet noise from high performance military aircraft has also received growing attention. The continuous drive to higher specific thrust results in increasing jet noise levels. Compounding this is that many military bases, Naval in particular, are located in desirable locations on the coast, and surrounding communities are encroaching closer to these bases. In this paper we will conduct a survey of some jet noise reduction technologies for high-speed exhaust systems investigated in the past, as well as some of the implementation issues associated with them. Specific technologies aimed at changing the mixing characteristics of the jet plume after it leaves the nozzle will be discussed in detail, including chevrons and fluidic injection. Other noise reduction technologies, such as the inverted velocity profile, and fluid shield can also change the mixing characteristics of the jet plume. This includes the added benefit of noise reflection or shielding. Measured data will be presented to show the effect these technologies have on high-speed jets.
Reports on the topic "Inverted face"
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Horrocks, Ian, and Ulrike Sattler. Optimised Reasoning for SHIQ. Aachen University of Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.118.
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The tableau algorithm implemented in the FaCT knowledge representation system decides satisfiability and subsumption in SHIQ, a very expressive description logic providing, e.g., inverse and transitive roles, number restrictions, and general axioms. Intuitively, the algorithm searches for a tree-shaped abstraction of a model. To ensure termination of this algorithm without comprimising correctness, it stops expanding paths in the search tree using a so-called 'double-blocking' condition.
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Horrocks, Ian, Ulrike Sattler, and Stephan Tobies. A Description Logic with Transitive and Converse Roles, Role Hierarchies and Qualifying Number Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.94.
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As widely argued [HG97; Sat96], transitive roles play an important role in the adequate representation of aggregated objects: they allow these objects to be described by referring to their parts without specifying a level of decomposition. In [HG97], the Description Logic (DL) ALCHR+ is presented, which extends ALC with transitive roles and a role hierarchy. It is argued in [Sat98] that ALCHR+ is well-suited to the representation of aggregated objects in applications that require various part-whole relations to be distinguished, some of which are transitive. However, ALCHR+ allows neither the description of parts by means of the whole to which they belong, or vice versa. To overcome this limitation, we present the DL SHI which allows the use of, for example, has part as well as is part of. To achieve this, ALCHR+ was extended with inverse roles. It could be argued that, instead of defining yet another DL, one could make use of the results presented in [DL96] and use ALC extended with role expressions which include transitive closure and inverse operators. The reason for not proceeding like this is the fact that transitive roles can be implemented more efficiently than the transitive closure of roles (see [HG97]), although they lead to the same complexity class (ExpTime-hard) when added, together with role hierarchies, to ALC. Furthermore, it is still an open question whether the transitive closure of roles together with inverse roles necessitates the use of the cut rule [DM98], and this rule leads to an algorithm with very bad behaviour. We will present an algorithm for SHI without such a rule. Furthermore, we enrich the language with functional restrictions and, finally, with qualifying number restrictions. We give sound and complete decision proceduresfor the resulting logics that are derived from the initial algorithm for SHI. The structure of this report is as follows: In Section 2, we introduce the DL SI and present a tableaux algorithm for satisfiability (and subsumption) of SI-concepts—in another report [HST98] we prove that this algorithm can be refined to run in polynomial space. In Section 3 we add role hierarchies to SI and show how the algorithm can be modified to handle this extension appropriately. Please note that this logic, namely SHI, allows for the internalisation of general concept inclusion axioms, one of the most general form of terminological axioms. In Section 4 we augment SHI with functional restrictions and, using the so-called pairwise-blocking technique, the algorithm can be adapted to this extension as well. Finally, in Section 5, we show that standard techniques for handling qualifying number restrictions [HB91;BBH96] together with the techniques described in previous sections can be used to decide satisfiability and subsumption for SHIQ, namely ALC extended with transitive and inverse roles, role hierarchies, and qualifying number restrictions. Although Section 5 heavily depends on the previous sections, we have made it self-contained, i.e. it contains all necessary definitions and proofs from scratch, for a better readability. Building on the previous sections, Section 6 presents an algorithm that decides the satisfiability of SHIQ-ABoxes.
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Ayala, David, Ashley Graves, Colton Lauer, Henrik Strand, Chad Taylor, Kyle Weldon, and Ryan Wood. Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.floodingpostharvey.
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When Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane on August 25, 2017, it resulted in $125 billion in damage, rivaling only Hurricane Katrina in the amount of damage caused. It also resulted in the deaths of 88 people and destroyed or damaged 135,000 homes. Much of that devastation was the result of flooding. The storm dumped over 27 trillion gallons of rain over Texas in a matter of days. Some parts of Houston received over 50 inches of rainfall. The potential liability that dam and reservoir operators may face for decisions they make during storm and flooding events has now become a major concern for Texas citizens and its elected officials. Law suits have now been instituted against the federal government for its operation of two flood control reservoirs, as well as against the San Jacinto River Authority for its operation of a water supply reservoir. Moreover, the issues and concerns have been placed on the agenda of a number of committees preparing for the 2019 Texas legislative session. This report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines the potential liability that such operators may face for actions and decisions taken in response to storm and flooding events. In Section III, the report reviews dam gate operations and differentiates between water supply reservoirs and flood control reservoirs. It also considers pre-release options and explains why such actions are disfavored and not recommended. In Section IV, the report evaluates liabilities and defenses applicable to dam and reservoir operators. It explains how governmental immunity can limit the exposure of state and federally-run facilities to claims seeking monetary damages. It also discusses how such entities could be subject to claims of inverse condemnation, which generally are not subject to governmental immunity, under Texas law as well as under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the Section discusses negligence and nuisance claims and concludes that plaintiffs asserting either or both of these claims will have difficulty presenting successful arguments for flooding-related damage and harm against operators who act reasonably in the face of storm-related precipitation. Finally, Section V offers recommendations that dam and reservoir operators might pursue in order to engage and educate the public and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation. Specifically, the report highlights the need for expanded community outreach efforts to engage with municipalities, private land owners, and the business community in flood-prone neighborhoods both below and above a dam. It also recommends implementation of proactive flood notification procedures as a way of reaching and alerting as many people as possible of potential and imminent flooding events. Finally, the report proposes implementation of a dispute prevention and minimization mechanism and offers recommendations for the design and execution of such a program.
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Lopez, David, Mariana Weiss, José Francisco Pessanha, Karla Arias, Livia Gouvea, and Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. The Effects of the Energy Transition on Power Sector Employment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004715.
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The present study analyzes the relation between energy transition and the job creation potential in Latin America. It capitalizes on companies' characteristics to infer potential hiring process drivers in forthcoming years. The analysis is based on an econometric model on cross-sectional data to explain the dependent variable "potential hiring rate" depending on the firm's size (based on the number of clients), area of activity or technology, employees' level of education, and the existence of labor policies. The data came from 338 companies interviewed, including generation, transmission, distribution, energy transition services, oil and gas, and construction companies in six Latin American Countries (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay). The econometric study focused on 135 companies that declared hiring new employees in the next year concerning the time they were interviewed. The results show that the smaller energy companies with a larger participation of a qualified workforce will tend to have a higher expected hiring rate in the forthcoming year, implying an inverse relationship between a firm's size and potential hiring rate. The model findings convey that as the workforce is compounded with more qualified employees, the higher the expansion of the company's labor force will be, particularly in renewable generation companies. There is an additional aspect worth considering about the factors behind the company's potential hiring rate, and it is the question of job quality. The results suggest that firms hiring more are those with a lower number of policies in place. It can be explained by the fact that more traditional companies tend to have better-established policies, such as hydrocarbon and utilities. These are not the companies with the highest increase in the workforce. This takeaway raises a discussion about whether a change in the job's quality is associated with the energy transition or if it is just associated with new entrants that will become traditional in the following years. Moreover, it also helps to explain some of the political economies of the labor market that may play a role in the energy transition process. Therefore, one of the present study's main takeaways is the need to analyze deeper and promote job quality in smaller energy companies.
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Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork, Roseville, California (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1096676.
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When Should Inverter-Duty Motors Be Specified? Motor Systems Tip Sheet #14 (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056712.
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