Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Invertebrate immunity'
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Smith, Paul Hugh. "Dscam gene expression in invertebrate immunity : alternative splicing in response to diverse pathogens." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9888.
Full textWest, Cara C. "Antiviral Immune Responses to Invertebrate Iridescent Virus 6 in Drosophila." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/953.
Full textCoates, Christopher J. "Hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase : biochemical and cellular investigations of innate immunity." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12228.
Full textLassudrie, Malwenn. "Effets combinés des dinoflagellés toxiques du genre Alexandrium et d'agents pathogènes sur la physiologie des bivalves." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0113/document.
Full textBivalve populations undergo regular epidemics that weaken or decimate exploited stocks and thus limit aquaculture. These diseases are caused mainly by viruses, bacteria or parasites, and occur primarily during spring and summer. This period of the year also provides favorable conditions for toxic dinoflagellate blooms, including species of the genus Alexandrium. Thus, the risk of Alexandrium sp. blooms and infectious diseases co-occurring in bivalves is high. However, these micro-algae synthesize and excrete toxins and cytotoxic compounds responsible for physiological changes in bivalves and could lead to an immuno-compromised status.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the combined effects on bivalve physiology of exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., and infection by pathogens, through the study of different bivalve - pathogen - Alexandrium sp. tripartite interactions. The results of this work highlight the species-specific nature of these impacts.Thus, exposure to Alexandrium catenella reduces the herpesviruses infection in oyster Crassostrea gigas, whereas the dinoflagellate A. fundyense increases the susceptibility of C. virginica oyster to the parasite Perkinsus marinus, probably via immuno-suppression, as suggested by the partial inhibition of hemocyte responses. Additionally, the effect of a toxic algal bloom on oyster susceptibility to opportunistic diseases when exposed to a new microbial environment (simulating a transfer) was evaluated. Hemocyte responses to a changing microbial environment were suppressed by exposure to A. catenella, although no new bacterial infection was detected.Finally, exposure to pathogens or to a new microbial environment interferes with the processes by which oysters exposed to A. catenella accumulate algal toxins, illustrating the complexity of these interactions. These results provide a better understanding of the involvement of toxic algal blooms in the development of diseases affecting commercial bivalve species, but also of the involvement of the bivalve biotic environment in the accumulation of regulated toxins
Baron, Olga. "Functional analysis of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins/Bactericidal permeability increasing proteins in immune responses of the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ016.
Full textLBP/BPIs are important immune factors of the mammalian antimicrobial response,poorly characterized in invertebrates. The aim of this work was to elucidate the role of LBP/BPIs in the immune response of the fresh-water snail B. glabrata. Firstly, we showed that one member, BgLBP/BPI1, was highly abundant in the albumen gland and the egg masses. Importantly, in addition to the expected activities of BPIs, such as the induction of bacterial permeability, we discovered a novel biocidal (antioomycete) activity that was unsuspected so far. We demonstrated that BgLBP/BPI1 is a major fitness-related protein, acting on both egg production and offspring protection against oomycete infections. Then, we investigated the sequence diversity and evolution of this LBP/BPI protein family and showed that at least 5 LBP/BPIs were expressed in B. glabrata, belonging to three distinct phylogenetic clades. Expression studies of representatives of the three clades showed that they are expressed in different tissues, differently regulated, and therefore supported the hypothesis of the acquisition of functional specificities by the members of this multigenic family
Schmitt, Paulina. "Diversité moléculaire des effecteurs antimicrobiens chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas : mise en évidence et rôle dans la réponse antimicrobienne." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20158/document.
Full textThis work contributed to the knowledge of the molecular bases of oyster immunity by the characterization of the diversity of three antimicrobials of C. gigas and the understanding of the role played by their diversity in the oyster antimicrobial response. Phylogenetic analyses of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Cg-Defensins (Cg-Defs) and Cg-Proline rich peptide (Cg-Prp), and one Bactericidal Permeability Increasing protein, Cg-BPI, led us to the identification of a high diversity for both AMPs. Further analyses showed that this diversity is generated by gene duplication, allelic recombination and directional selection pressures, suggesting their functional diversification. The biological meaning of AMP diversity was investigated for the three major variants of Cg-Defs, which revealed a strong but variable potency against Gram-positive bacteria. We evidenced that oyster defensins kill S. aureus through binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II, resulting in the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Finally, transcript expression and localization of oyster antimicrobials after a pathogenic infection evidenced a complex network in their expression profiles in hemocyte populations and oyster tissues, suggesting a potential interplay between antimicrobials as a result of their colocalization. Indeed, the combination of oyster antimicrobials produced strong synergistic activities that enlarged their antimicrobial spectra. Thus, the diversity of oyster antimicrobials may provide significant means in acquiring functional divergence, probably concerned in the evolutionary arms race between hosts and their pathogens.From our data, it would provide oysters with a higher protection against the potential pathogens from their environment
Alkazmi, Luay Mahmood M. A. "Mucosal immunity to the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11876/.
Full textSukkar, Dani. "Role of Nosema cerenae and pesticides on the decline of bees : Studies using a multifactorial approach : “Tipping the scale of honeybee immune responses - The effect of pesticides on immune-stimulation mimicking Nosema spp.”." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0086.
Full textHoneybee are facing the global threat of colony collapse disorder (CCD) leading colony deaths and decline in their numbers affecting their environmental and agronomic contribution in pollination of plants and commercial crops in addition to honey production. Pesticide exposure may be of the main causes leading to CCD by weakening the immune system of honeybees and impairing their immune responses. Nosemosis diseases caused by Nosema spp. may have a significant contribution to CCD when bees are exposed to different pesticides simultaneously. Multiple risk factors are assessed in this study including the most used neonicotinoids worldwide, imidacloprid and amitraz which is the pesticide used directly in contact with honeybees to treat mite infection. Th effect of these pesticides is evaluated at the level of immune stimulation by zymosan A to mimic Nosema infection. The effect of pesticides on antimicrobial cells products, cellular responses and related genes' expression are demonstrated
Prusko, Carsten D. "Evolutionary diversification of protein functions from translation in prokaryotes to innate immunity in invertebrates /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981749763.
Full textPerez, Danielli Giuliano [UNESP]. "Caracterização morfofisiológica dos hemócitos do Diplópodo Rhinocricus padbergi antes e após exposição a substrato contendo lodo de esgoto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87696.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Embora os invertebrados sejam conhecidos pela grande facilidade de acúmulo de poluentes presentes em seu ambiente, e muitos serem utilizados como espécies sentinelas em estudos de biomonitoramento, pouco ainda é conhecido sobre o impacto de toxicantes sobre o sistema imune desses animais. Nesse sentido, os hemócitos desempenham um papel fundamental: estas células circulam livremente através da hemolinfa dos invertebrados e atuam no reconhecimento de materiais estranhos ao organismo, mediando e efetuando reações de defesa celular. Diferentes tipos morfológicos podem ser reconhecidos, mas ainda há controvérsia entre os pesquisadores sobre a exata classificação dos hemócitos, devido à diversidade de técnicas para preservação e observação dessas células. A classificação mais aceita atualmente agrupa os hemócitos em sete tipos principais: pró-hemócitos, plasmatócitos, granulócitos, esferulócitos, adipohemócitos, oenocitóides e coagulócitos. Por meio da utilização de técnicas histológica, histoquímica e ultra-estrutural, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar morfofisiologicamente os hemócitos circulantes na hemolinfa do diplópodo Rhinocricus padbergi, bem como aqueles encontrados por entre as células da camada de corpo gorduroso no intestino médio de animais expostos a substratos contendo diferentes amostras de lodo de esgoto, resíduo gerado nas Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs). Este resíduo tem sido cogitado como um bom condicionador de solo em áreas degradadas e como um potencial fertilizante agrícola, apesar do risco de estar contaminado com patógenos e/ou metais pesados. A partir das análises realizadas, foram identificados três tipos morfológicos distintos de hemócitos circulantes na hemolinfa dessa espécie: pró-hemócitos, plasmatócitos e granulócitos (subtipos I e II). Também foram observadas células com características...
Although invertebrates are known for ease accumulation of pollutants present in their environment and several are used as sentinel species in biomonitoring studies, little is known about the impact of toxicants on the immune system of these animals. In this sense, hemocytes play an important role: these cells circulate freely through the hemolymph of invertebrates and act in the recognition of foreign materials to the organism, mediating and performing cellular defence reactions. Different morphological types are recognized, but there is still controversy among the researchers about the exact classification of the hemocytes due to the diversity of techniques for preservation and observation of these cells. Currently, the most accepted classification groups the hemocytes into seven main types: pro-hemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, adipohemocytes, oenocytoids and coagulocytes. By histological, histochemical and ultra-structural techniques, the present study aimed to characterize morpho-physiologically the hemocytes circulating in the hemolymph of the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi, as well as those found among the cells of the fat body layer of the midgut of animals exposed to substrates containing samples of sewage sludge, residue generated in the Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). This residue has been considered as a good soil conditioner on degraded areas and as a potential agricultural fertilizer, despite the risk of being contaminated with pathogens and/or heavy metals. From the analyses carried out, it was identified three distinct morphological types of hemocytes circulating in the hemolymph of this species: pro-hemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes (subtypes I and II). It was also observed cells with intermediate characteristics between pro-hemocytes and plasmatocytes, suggesting a probable cellular differentiation in the hemolymph... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Perez, Danielli Giuliano. "Caracterização morfofisiológica dos hemócitos do Diplópodo Rhinocricus padbergi antes e após exposição a substrato contendo lodo de esgoto /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87696.
Full textBanca: Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva Zacarin
Banca: Carminda da Cruz Landim
Resumo: Embora os invertebrados sejam conhecidos pela grande facilidade de acúmulo de poluentes presentes em seu ambiente, e muitos serem utilizados como espécies sentinelas em estudos de biomonitoramento, pouco ainda é conhecido sobre o impacto de toxicantes sobre o sistema imune desses animais. Nesse sentido, os hemócitos desempenham um papel fundamental: estas células circulam livremente através da hemolinfa dos invertebrados e atuam no reconhecimento de materiais estranhos ao organismo, mediando e efetuando reações de defesa celular. Diferentes tipos morfológicos podem ser reconhecidos, mas ainda há controvérsia entre os pesquisadores sobre a exata classificação dos hemócitos, devido à diversidade de técnicas para preservação e observação dessas células. A classificação mais aceita atualmente agrupa os hemócitos em sete tipos principais: pró-hemócitos, plasmatócitos, granulócitos, esferulócitos, adipohemócitos, oenocitóides e coagulócitos. Por meio da utilização de técnicas histológica, histoquímica e ultra-estrutural, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar morfofisiologicamente os hemócitos circulantes na hemolinfa do diplópodo Rhinocricus padbergi, bem como aqueles encontrados por entre as células da camada de corpo gorduroso no intestino médio de animais expostos a substratos contendo diferentes amostras de lodo de esgoto, resíduo gerado nas Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs). Este resíduo tem sido cogitado como um bom condicionador de solo em áreas degradadas e como um potencial fertilizante agrícola, apesar do risco de estar contaminado com patógenos e/ou metais pesados. A partir das análises realizadas, foram identificados três tipos morfológicos distintos de hemócitos circulantes na hemolinfa dessa espécie: pró-hemócitos, plasmatócitos e granulócitos (subtipos I e II). Também foram observadas células com características... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Although invertebrates are known for ease accumulation of pollutants present in their environment and several are used as sentinel species in biomonitoring studies, little is known about the impact of toxicants on the immune system of these animals. In this sense, hemocytes play an important role: these cells circulate freely through the hemolymph of invertebrates and act in the recognition of foreign materials to the organism, mediating and performing cellular defence reactions. Different morphological types are recognized, but there is still controversy among the researchers about the exact classification of the hemocytes due to the diversity of techniques for preservation and observation of these cells. Currently, the most accepted classification groups the hemocytes into seven main types: pro-hemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, adipohemocytes, oenocytoids and coagulocytes. By histological, histochemical and ultra-structural techniques, the present study aimed to characterize morpho-physiologically the hemocytes circulating in the hemolymph of the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi, as well as those found among the cells of the fat body layer of the midgut of animals exposed to substrates containing samples of sewage sludge, residue generated in the Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). This residue has been considered as a good soil conditioner on degraded areas and as a potential agricultural fertilizer, despite the risk of being contaminated with pathogens and/or heavy metals. From the analyses carried out, it was identified three distinct morphological types of hemocytes circulating in the hemolymph of this species: pro-hemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes (subtypes I and II). It was also observed cells with intermediate characteristics between pro-hemocytes and plasmatocytes, suggesting a probable cellular differentiation in the hemolymph... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Lambert, Jean. "Immunologie chez les insectes : isolement et caractérisation de deux nouveaux peptides antibactériens actifs sur les bactéries gram positives chez les larves de phormia terrae-nova (diptère)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13124.
Full textRhalem, Abdelkébir. "Proprietes immunologiques des antigenes de deux parasites intestinaux (nippo-strongylus brasiliensis nematode et eimeria falciformis protozoaire) : role des antigenes de surfaces dans l'induction de l'immunite protectrice de la souris." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066508.
Full textPrusko, Carsten Dietmar. "Evolutionary Diversification of Protein Functions : From Translation in Prokaryotes to Innate Immunity in Invertebrates." Doctoral thesis, 2006. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18517.
Full textMit der fortschreitenden Sequenzierung des Bienengenoms werden staendig neue Daten zur Verfuegung gestellt, die eine gezielte Suche und Identifizierung von homologen Protein in der Honigbiene ermoeglichen. Mittels einer web-basierenden BLAST-Suche konnten im Genom zwei Gene identifiziert werden, welche fuer Lysozyme des C-typs kodieren. Genauere Untersuchung der Genloci konnten zeigten, dass beide Geneabschnitte keine Bindestellen fuer Transkriptionsfaktoren der NF-κB-Familie aufweisen, und daher davon auszugehen ist, dass die Lysozyme-Gene nicht unter der Kontrolle der beiden regulatroischen Pathways Toll bzw. Imd, von denen man annimmt, dass sie die humorale Immunantwort regulieren, stehen. Die beiden Gene lyz1 und lyz2 kodieren ein 157 bzw. ein 143 Aminosaeure langes Protein, welche zu 90% sequenzielle Aehnlichkeiten aufweisen. Durch weitere in silico Analyse der Protein konnten an den N-termini Erkennungssignale der Signalpeptidase gefunden werden, welche darauf schliessen lassen, dass beide Lysozyme in die Zellumgebung sezerniert werden. Mittels Sequenzvergleiche beider A. mellifera Lysozyme mit anderen C-typ Lysozymen konnte die hochkonservierte und fuer den katalytische Aktivitaet essentielle Aminosaeure Glutamat 32 (Glu32), sowie acht konservierte Cysteine identifiziert werden. Erstaunlicherweise fehlt das fuer den katalytischen Mechanismus essentielle Aspartat 50 (Asp50), welches fuer die Stabilizierung von Intermediaerprodukten wichtig ist. In A. mellifera Lysozymen ist dieses Aspartat durch ein Serin substituiert, was darauf schliessen laesst, dass die beiden Enzyme einen anderen Mechanism und/oder eine andere Substratspezifitaet aufweissen als dies fuer die C-typ Familie der Fall ist. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde ein evolutionaerer Pathway vorgesschlagen, der eine moegliche Transition von Serin zu Aspartat erklaert. Schliesslich konnten aufgrund der Sequenzhomologien zu anderen C-typ Lysozyme und anhand von bestehende Strukturen, 3D-Strukturmodelle der beiden Lysozyme erstellt werde. Die Modelle haben gezeigt, dass die Struktur der beide Enzyme groessenteils den Strukturen andere C-typ Lysozyme gleicht. Zur Identifiezung vom AMPs in A. mellifera, wurde die Hemoplymphe immunisierte Bienen elektrophoretisch und massenspektrometrisch analysisiert. Die drei AMPs Abaecin, Defensin 1 und Hymenoptaecin konnten dabei verifiziert werden. Darueber hinaus wurde zum ersten Mal das Lys-2 in der Hemolymphe nachgewiessen. Anders als bei den drei Oben erwaehnten AMPs, wurde das Lys-2 jedoch nicht durch bakterielle Infektion induziert. Die konstitutive Expression des Lys-2 laesst darauf schliessen, dass es nicht, wie bereits erwaehnt, unter der Kontrolle der beiden immunspezifischen, regulatorischen Pathways Toll und Imd steht. Zusaetlich zu den AMPs wurde das 76 kDa grosse Transferrin, ein Eisen-bindendes Protein, identifiziert, welches eine Rolle in der angeborenen Immunitaet zugesprochen wird. Anhand der genauen Bestimmung der Peptide wurde desweiteren der Effekt der bakteriellen Dosis, der Zeitverlauf der Induktion und die alterabhaengige Induktion naeher untersucht. Die Intensitaet der Expression der AMPs Abaecin, Defensin 1 und Hymenoptaecin sowie Transferrin nahm proportional mit der Menge an injezierten Bakterien zu. Die Akkumulation von Lys-2 wurde dagegen nicht beeinflusst. Desweiteren konnte eine Hochregulierung der Expressionslevel der drei AMPs und Transferrin, nach erfolgter Infektion mit E. coli, innerhalb der ersten 24 Stunden beobachtet werden. Infektion mit dem gram+ Bakterium Micrococcus flavus resultiert dagegen in hoch bzw. moderate Expression von Transferin und Abaecin, jedoch war kaum ein Anstieg der Expression von Hymenoptaecin zu verzeichnen. Dies laesst daraus schliessen, dass die Expression von Abaecin und Transferrin positiv korreliert sind und spricht fuer einen gemeinsamen regulatorischen Pathway, der sich von dem des Hymenoptaecin unterscheidet. Trotz der Beobachtung, dass die Expression von Lys-2 nicht durch bakterielle Infection induziert wird, konnten unterschiedliche Expressionsmuster in Bienen unterschiedlichen Alters beobachtet werden, welche auf eine Korrelation zwischen der Expression des Lys-2 und der altersabhaengigen Arbeitsteilung adulter Honigbienen, dem sogenennten Alterspolythismus, schliessen lassen. Aufgrund dessen, koennte man einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen der alterabhaengigen Akkumulation des Lys-2 und dem Hemolymphtiter des gonotrophen Juvenilhormons, welches fuer die Verhaltensaenderung adulter Bienen verantwortlich ist, sehen
Prusko, Carsten D. [Verfasser]. "Evolutionary diversification of protein functions : from translation in prokaryotes to innate immunity in invertebrates / vorgelegt von Carsten D. Prusko." 2006. http://d-nb.info/981749763/34.
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