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1
Mattes, Eugen, Michael C. Stacey, and Dora Marinova. "Predicting commercial success for Australian medical inventions patented in the United States: a cross sectional survey of Australian inventors." Medical Journal of Australia 184, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00094.x.
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Jennings, Piangchai S., David Forbes, Brett Mcdermott, Gary Hulse, and Sato Juniper. "Eating Disorder Attitudes and Psychopathology in Caucasian Australian, Asian Australian and Thai University Students." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (February 2006): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01761.x.
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Objective: To examine eating disorder attitudes and psychopathology among female university students in Australia and Thailand. Method: Participants were 110 Caucasian Australians, 130 Asian Australians and 101 Thais in Thailand. The instruments included the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Results: Eating disorder attitudes and psychopathology scores in the Thai group were found to be highest. The Asian Australian group did not have significantly higher scores on the EAT-26 than the Caucasian Australian group, but had higher scores in some subscales of the EDI-2. That the Thai group had the highest scores in susceptibility to developing an eating disorder and eating disorder psychopathology may be partially explained in sociocultural terms, with pressure to be thin more extreme in Thailand than in Australia. The evidence suggested that unhealthy eating disorder psychopathology is not limited to Western societies but is already present in Thai and other Asian societies.
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Rajan, Gunesh P., Sobani Din, and Marcus D. Atlas. "Long-term effects of the Meniett device in Ménière’s disease: the Western Australian experience." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, no. 5 (May 2005): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215053945868.
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Objectives: Transtympanic pressure has been shown to influence endolymphatic hydrops. As endolymphatic hydrops plays a key role in Ménière’s disease, a few studies, undertaken by the inventors, manufacturers and associates of the Meniett device,have demonstrated positive short-term effects of transtympanic pressure treatment via the Meniett device in medically intractable Ménière’s disease. The aim of our study was to independently investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of transtympanic pressure treatment in the management of recalcitrant vertigo in Ménière’s disease.Design: Cross-sectional case study.Setting: Tertiary referral centre.Participants: Eighteen patients with Ménière’s disease, suffering from medically intractable symptoms. All patients in the study had Ménière’s disease according to the criteria of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery.Main outcome measurements: Outcome and severity of symptoms were assessed, using the six-point functional scale and the vertigo visual analogue scale (VAS), as recommended by the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery. Changes of pure tone average thresholds and vestibular calorics before and during treatment with the Meniett device were recorded. The mean follow-up time was 18 months.Results: Twelve out of 18 patients showed significant improvement in the functional score and in the VAS. Five patients displayed an audiometric improvement, out of which three patients showed a pertaining significant hearing gain of more than 10 dB; the remainder had stable hearing levels. Of six patients without any improvement, four had previous invasive surgery for theirMénière’s disease and two had previous vestibular ablation with gentamicin.No changes in vestibular function were noted. There were no complications duringthe treatment with the Meniett device.Conclusion: According to this independent study, the Meniett device seems to be a minimally invasive, non-destructive treatment tool, which can reduce vertigo and associated functional handicap in Ménière’s disease. These effects are maintained up to 18 months after treatment so far. Previous surgical or chemical vestibular ablation procedures may adversely influence the effect of the Meniett device.
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McCrabb, G. J., and R. A. Hunter. "Prediction of methane emissions from beef cattle in tropical production systems." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99009.
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The northern beef cattle herd accounts for more than half of Australia’s beef cattle population, and is a major source of anthropogenic methane emissions for Australia. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory predictions of methane output from Australian beef cattle are based on a predictive equation developed for British breeds of sheep and cattle offered temperate forage-based diets. However, tropical forage diets offered to cattle in northern Australia differ markedly from temperate forage-based diets used in the United Kingdom to develop the predictive equations. In this paper we review recent respiration chamber measurements of daily methane production for Brahman cattle offered a tropical forage or high grain diet, and compare them with values predicted using methodologies of the Australian National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Committee and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We conclude that a reliable inventory of methane emissions for cattle in northern Australia can only be achieved after a wider range of tropical forage species has been investigated. Some opportunities for reducing methane emissions of beef cattle by dietary manipulation are discussed.
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Carr, Lidena, Russell Korsch, and Tehani Palu. "Australia's onshore basin inventory: volume I." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15097.
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Following the publication of Geoscience Australia Record 2014/09: Petroleum geology inventory of Australia’s offshore frontier basins by Totterdell et al (2014), the onshore petroleum section of Geoscience Australia embarked on a similar project for the onshore Australian basins. Volume I of this publication series contains inventories of the McArthur, South Nicholson, Georgina, Amadeus, Warburton, Wiso, Galilee, and Cooper basins. A comprehensive review of the geology, petroleum systems, exploration status, and data coverage for these eight Australian onshore basins was conducted, based on the results of Geoscience Australia’s precompetitive data programs, industry exploration results, and the geoscience literature. A petroleum prospectivity ranking was assigned to each basin, based on evidence for the existence of an active petroleum system. The availability of data and level of knowledge in each area was reflected in a confidence rating for that ranking. This extended abstract summarises the rankings assigned to each of these eight basins, and describes the type of information available for each of these basins in the publically available report by Carr et al (2016), available on the Geoscience Australia website. The record allocated a high prospectivity rating for the Amadeus and Cooper basins, a moderate rating for the Galilee, McArthur and Georgina basins, and a low rating for the South Nicholson, Warburton and Wiso basins. The record lists how best to access data for each basin, provides an assessment of issues and unanswered questions, and recommends future work directions to lessen the risk of these basins in terms of their petroleum prospectivity. Work is in progress to compile inventories on the next series of onshore basins.
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Kayani, Umar Nawaz, Tracy-Anne De Silva, and Christopher Gan. "Working Capital Management and Firm Performance Relationship: An Empirical Investigation of Australasian Firms." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, no. 03 (August 18, 2020): 2050026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500265.
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This paper examines the empirical relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance (FP) for Australasian publicly listed firms. Australia and New Zealand are attractive investment destinations due to their business friendly environments. The past two decades have seen increased academic attention in studies linking WCM and FP across various parts of globe. The empirical relationship between WCM-FP has not been sufficiently examined in regards to Australian and New Zealand firms. This study measures the role of WCM during the 2008 global financial crisis in both Australia and New Zealand firms. This study uses System General Method of Moments to address the endogeneity problem in order to reduce the possibility of biased results. The results show that WCM has a significant relationship with FP. More specifically, the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) and the Inventory Conversion Period (ICP) exhibit negative relationships with FP indicating that a reduction in the CCC and the ICP help to improve FP in Australasian firms. However, in the case of the Average Collection Period (ACP) and the Average Payment Period (APP), the results vary between both countries. In Australia, the ACP has no significant relationship, whereas APP has a positive relationship. This is contrary in the case of New Zealand firms. Another important finding is that firms in both markets were relatively efficient collecting their receivables during the 2008 global financial crisis period. These findings provide new empirical evidence that WCM matters for improving FP in Australasian firms.
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Simmons, Aaron T., Alexandra Murray, Philippa M. Brock, Timothy Grant, Annette L. Cowie, Sandra Eady, and Bharat Sharma. "Life cycle inventories for the Australian grains sector." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 7 (2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18412.
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Grain production is a key source of food globally and is an important agricultural system for the Australian economy. Environmental impacts such as the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) associated with grain production are well documented and the Australian grains industry has strived to ensure ongoing improvement. To facilitate this improvement, the industry funded the development of life cycle inventories to provide broad geographical coverage. Cradle-to-gate inventories for wheat were developed for each of the grains industry agro-ecological zones, and inventories were developed for minor cereal crops (e.g. barley, sorghum), oilseeds (i.e. canola) and legumes where relevant. Data for inventory development were taken from numerous sources and validated by using data collected through interviews with experts in each agro-ecological zone. Inventory data were also collected so that indicators in addition to global-warming impacts could be assessed. Global warming impacts for wheat production ranged from 193 to 567 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e) t–1, and global warming impacts were 597–851, 333–361, 169–285 and 74–672 kg CO2-e t–1 for canola, sorghum, barley and grain-legume production, respectively. Results for eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, land-use and abiotic depletion (fossil-fuel use) are also presented.
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O'brien, H. D. "Vivian Richard Ebsary, A.M. Biomedical Engineer, Inventor, Philanthropist." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 1_suppl (June 2005): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503301s08.
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Vivian Ebsary was an inventor, designer and manufacturer of varied pieces of medical equipment, particularly those involving pumps. These included hypothermia machines and the heart-lung cardiopulmonary bypass machines used in Australian and New Zealand hospitals from the mid 1950s until well into the 1970s. Ebsary also designed and manufactured anaesthetic machines, a hyperbaric unit, scoliosis implant equipment, a chairlift and many other devices for use in the general community. This paper presents an overview of his life's involvement with medicine and medical technology in Australia.
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Ramiah, Vikash, Yilang Zhao, and Imad Moosa. "Working capital management during the global financial crisis: the Australian experience." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 6, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 332–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-09-2012-0026.
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Purpose – This paper aims to document the measures taken by Australian corporate treasurers in the areas of cash, inventory, accounts receivable, accounts payable and risk management to survive the global financial crisis (GFC). Design/methodology/approach – Using qualitative techniques like interviews and a survey questionnaire, this paper summarises the various measures adopted by working capital managers. Findings – The results show that more than half of the participants in the survey altered their working capital management practices during the crisis. Capital expenditure was curtailed, as they aimed at preserving their cash levels while reducing inventory levels. Credit worthiness of institutions became more important, and there was a general decline in credit availability. The results also show that Australian working capital managers exhibit behavioural biases, particularly overconfidence. Originality/value – It is the first paper that uses open-ended questions to capture the effects of the GFC on working capital management in Australia.
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Neininger, Bruno G., Bryce F. J. Kelly, Jorg M. Hacker, Xinyi LU, and Stefan Schwietzke. "Coal seam gas industry methane emissions in the Surat Basin, Australia: comparing airborne measurements with inventories." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2210 (September 27, 2021): 20200458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0458.
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Coal seam gas (CSG) accounts for about one-quarter of natural gas production in Australia and rapidly increasing amounts globally. This is the first study worldwide using airborne measurement techniques to quantify methane (CH 4 ) emissions from a producing CSG field: the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia. Spatially resolved CH 4 emissions were quantified from all major sources based on top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) approaches, the latter using Australia's UNFCCC reporting workflow. Based on our TD-validated BU inventory, CSG sources emit about 0.4% of the produced gas, comparable to onshore dry gas fields in the USA and The Netherlands, but substantially smaller than in other onshore regions, especially those where oil is co-produced (wet gas). The CSG CH 4 emission per unit of gas production determined in this study is two to three times higher than existing inventories for the region. Our results indicate that the BU emission factors for feedlots and grazing cattle need review, possibly requiring an increase for Queensland's conditions. In some subregions, the BU estimate for gathering and boosting stations is potentially too high. The results from our iterative BU inventory process, which feeds into TD data, illustrate how global characterization of CH 4 emissions could be improved by incorporating empirical TD verification surveys into national reporting. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 1)’.
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Sheard, Michael. "A Cross-National Analysis of Mental Toughness and Hardiness in Elite University Rugby League Teams." Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, no. 1 (August 2009): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.213-223.
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The relation between nationality and selected indicators of psychological performance in rugby league football was examined. Mental toughness was assessed using the alternative Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI–A) and hardiness using the Personal Views Survey III–R (PVS III–R). Participants ( N = 49, M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 2.3) were male elite-level university rugby league footballers representing Australia and Great Britain. Participants completed the questionnaires in training camp in Sydney, Australia, one week prior to the commencement of an international tournament there in 2006. Multivariate analyses revealed that the Australian Universities players had significantly higher mean scores on Positive Cognition, Visualization, Total Mental Toughness, and Challenge than their opponents from Great Britain. The Australian Universities players were also the tournament winners. The findings concur with previous research indicating superior mental toughness and hardiness are related to successful sport performance. Practical implications focus on the potentiality of ameliorative cultural environments.
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Lavallee, David, Sandy Gordon, and Robert Grove. "A Profile of Career Beliefs among Retired Australian Athletes." Australian Journal of Career Development 5, no. 2 (July 1996): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629600500211.
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Forty-eight former Australian athletes responded to a questionnaire regarding their retirement from sport. Current career beliefs, as well as perceptions of life skills learned in sport that are transferable to post-athletic career occupations, were assessed with an Australian-integrated version of the Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI). Examination of CBI responses revealed several areas of career development that have particular relevance to elite athletes in Australia. Further analyses also demonstrated that the type of sport athletes participate in can have a significant impact on career development. Findings are discussed, including implications for professional practitioners. Future research directions in the area of career development in sport are elaborated.
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Coffey, P. S., and M. Ioppolo-Armanios. "Identification of the odour and chemical composition of alumina refinery air emissions." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0215.
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Alcoa World Alumina Australia has undertaken comprehensive air emissions monitoring aimed at characterising and quantifying the complete range of emissions to the atmosphere from Bayer refining of alumina at its Western Australian refineries. To the best of our knowledge, this project represents the most complete air emissions inventory of a Bayer refinery conducted in the worldwide alumina industry. It adds considerably to knowledge of air emission factors available for use in emissions estimation required under national pollutant release and transfer registers (NPRTs), such as the Toxic Releases Inventory, USA, and the National Pollutant Inventory, Australia. It also allows the preliminary identification of the key chemical components responsible for characteristic alumina refinery odours and the contribution of these components to the quality, or hedonic tone, of the odours. The strength and acceptability of refinery odours to employees and neighbours appears to be dependent upon where and in what proportion the odorous gases have been emitted from the refineries. This paper presents the results of the programme and develops a basis for classifying the odour properties of the key emission sources in the alumina-refining process.
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BICKERSTAFF, JAMES R. M., SHANNON S. SMITH, DEBORAH S. KENT, ROGER A. BEAVER, AINSLEY E. SEAGO, and MARKUS RIEGLER. "A review of the distribution and host plant associations of the platypodine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) of Australia, with an electronic species identification key." Zootaxa 4894, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4894.1.3.
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Ambrosia beetles (Platypodinae and some Scolytinae) are ecologically and economically important weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that develop within the sapwood and heartwood of woody plants, and their larval and adult stages are dependent on fungal symbionts. Platypodinae mostly occur in tropical and subtropical biomes, with a few species occurring in temperate regions. Australia has 44 recorded platypodine species including 13 species which may only have been intercepted at or near ports of entries and are without established populations in Australia. The host tree associations and biogeography of Australian Platypodinae are largely undocumented, and no comprehensive identification key exists. Here, we review species records, host tree associations, biogeographic distributions, and morphological characteristics of Australian Platypodinae. For this, we examined collection specimens, monographs, catalogues, taxonomic inventories, journal articles and online databases, and developed an electronic LUCID identification key for 36 species recorded in Australia. This review and identification key will be a valuable resource for forestry managers and biosecurity officers and will support diagnostics and future research of these beetles, their biology, and ecological interactions.
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Weiler, Betty, Rosemary Black, and Roy Ballantyne. "Australian Postgraduate Theses in Interpretation, Tour Guiding, and Environmental Education." Journal of Interpretation Research 14, no. 1 (April 2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720901400105.
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This research note presents a summary of a project that reviewed Australian postgraduate theses/dissertations completed to date on interpretation, tour guiding, and environmental education in Australia as one indicator of the state of research in these fields and as a basis for comparison with other countries. An inventory of 120 doctoral and masters-level theses completed in these three general topic areas found that nearly three-quarters were in environmental education, with two Australian states and two universities responsible for a disproportionate number of these. Projects relating to high school environmental education and studies of specific countries were prominent, while specific parks and nature-based settings dominated interpretation research. Australian social, political, and environmental factors help to explain the decline in masters and growth in doctoral research, and the shifts in topical focus over the 30-year period. Implications for both research and professional practice in interpretation are presented.
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Muston, M. H. "Changing of the water recycling paradigm in Australia." Water Supply 12, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.034.
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The development of water recycling schemes in Australia has, in recent years, undergone a maturity characterised by some emerging trends in the paradigm of water reuse and its integration into the overall water supply strategies for large urban and peri-urban areas. This paper looks at case studies within the context of these observed trends and discusses the institutional frameworks as well as some technical aspects of the case studies to illustrate the trends. Comparison is made with some selected international examples to develop a better understanding of these recent Australian developments within the international context. While not a complete inventory of the many recent recycling schemes in Australia, the paper examines these emerging trends within the context of the growing number of larger-scale industrial, agricultural and dual reticulation urban recycled water systems in Australia and the trend to decentralised recycling schemes.
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Soh, Nerissa, Lois J. Surgenor, Stephen Touyz, and Garry Walter. "Eating Disorders Across Two Cultures: Does the Expression of Psychological Control Vary?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 4 (April 2007): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701213278.
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Objective: Because both the expression of eating disorder (ED) symptoms and preferred psychological control styles may be affected by culture, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether the expression of psychological control in women with EDs varies across two cultures. Method: North European Australian and Chinese Singaporean women (n = 117) with anorexia nervosa (n = 36), bulimia nervosa (n = 13) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (n = 3), and without an ED (n = 65) recruited in Australia and Singapore completed a multidimensional inventory assessing sense of control, domains of control, preferred means by which to gain control, and motivation for control. Results: Although the normative control profile for each culture differed slightly, control profiles among those with an ED were very similar across both cultures. However, the directionality and extent of specific aspects of control pathology associated with the presence of an ED differed across cultures. North European Australians with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their Chinese Singaporean ED counterparts in relation to overall sense of control, methods of gaining control, and control in the domain of body. Chinese Singaporean woman with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their North European Australian ED counterparts in the domain of control over impulses. Conclusions: Having an ED powerfully distorts psychological control irrespective of culture. However the degree, directionality, and form of the displacement from normal control styles is also culture dependent. This has implications for treatments that attempt to redress or correct control issues in people with an ED in other cultures.
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Pratt, Chris, Matthew Redding, Jaye Hill, Andrew Shilton, Matthew Chung, and Benoit Guieysse. "Good science for improving policy: greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural manures." Animal Production Science 55, no. 6 (2015): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13504.
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Australia’s and New Zealand’s major agricultural manure management emission sources are reported to be, in descending order of magnitude: (1) methane (CH4) from dairy farms in both countries; (2) CH4 from pig farms in Australia; and nitrous oxide (N2O) from (3) beef feedlots and (4) poultry sheds in Australia. We used literature to critically review these inventory estimates. Alarmingly for dairy farm CH4 (1), our review revealed assumptions and omissions that when addressed could dramatically increase this emission estimate. The estimate of CH4 from Australian pig farms (2) appears to be accurate, according to industry data and field measurements. The N2O emission estimates for beef feedlots (3) and poultry sheds (4) are based on northern hemisphere default factors whose appropriateness for Australia is questionable and unverified. Therefore, most of Australasia’s key livestock manure management greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles are either questionable or are unsubstantiated by region-specific research. Encouragingly, GHG from dairy shed manure are relatively easy to mitigate because they are a point source which can be managed by several ‘close-to-market’ abatement solutions. Reducing these manure emissions therefore constitutes an opportunity for meaningful action sooner compared with the more difficult-to-implement and long-term strategies that currently dominate agricultural GHG mitigation research. At an international level, our review highlights the critical need to carefully reassess GHG emission profiles, particularly if such assessments have not been made since the compilation of original inventories. Failure to act in this regard presents the very real risk of missing the ‘low hanging fruit’ in the rush towards a meaningful response to climate change.
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Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Cameron P. Yates, Peter J. Whitehead, Richard Smith, Ron Craig, Grant E. Allan, Richard Thackway, et al. "Bushfires 'down under': patterns and implications of contemporary Australian landscape burning." International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, no. 4 (2007): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07018.
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Australia is among the most fire-prone of continents. While national fire management policy is focused on irregular and comparatively smaller fires in densely settled southern Australia, this comprehensive assessment of continental-scale fire patterning (1997–2005) derived from ~1 km2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery shows that fire activity occurs predominantly in the savanna landscapes of monsoonal northern Australia. Statistical models that relate the distribution of large fires to a variety of biophysical variables show that, at the continental scale, rainfall seasonality substantially explains fire patterning. Modelling results, together with data concerning seasonal lightning incidence, implicate the importance of anthropogenic ignition sources, especially in the northern wet–dry tropics and arid Australia, for a substantial component of recurrent fire extent. Contemporary patterns differ markedly from those under Aboriginal occupancy, are causing significant impacts on biodiversity, and, under current patterns of human population distribution, land use, national policy and climate change scenarios, are likely to prevail, if not intensify, for decades to come. Implications of greenhouse gas emissions from savanna burning, especially seasonal emissions of CO2, are poorly understood and contribute to important underestimation of the significance of savanna emissions both in Australian and probably in international greenhouse gas inventories. A significant challenge for Australia is to address annual fire extent in fire-prone Australian savannas.
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NANKERVIS, JASON F. MATÉ. "Description of two new species of Sindosium Johnson, 2007 from Australia (Coleoptera, Ptiliidae)." Zootaxa 4895, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.4.
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As part of an ongoing inventory of the Australian fauna of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera, Staphylinoidea), several specimens were found in different berlesate samples from across the east coast of Queensland that did not conform to any of the genera currently known from Australia. The material proved to be two new species belonging to the genus Sindosium Johnson, 2007, Sindosium queenslandicum sp. n. and Sindosium lamingtoni sp. n. The species are described and compared to the other known species, a key to all known species is provided, and their distribution and biology are discussed.
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Kalashnikova, Marina, Iris-Corinna Schwarz, and Denis Burnham. "OZI: Australian English Communicative Development Inventory." First Language 36, no. 4 (May 24, 2016): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723716648846.
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Hopkinson, Laura, Dianne Watt, and John Roodenburg. "Australian Validation of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC)." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 31, no. 2 (May 16, 2014): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2014.3.
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The Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) is a developmentally appropriate parent-report measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) that has been validated in several European languages but only recently in English. The English translation of the HiPIC was evaluated in an Australian context. Parent-rated HiPIC scores were obtained for 202 children (aged 5–14 years) via an online survey. Exploratory factor analysis indicated five factors that appeared reasonably congruent with the original Flemish HiPIC structure, though with some apparent differences particularly in regard to the Extraversion and Benevolence facets. A Procrustes targeted rotation was used to evaluate the congruence with the original Flemish structure. This indicated encouragingly high congruences for the overall model (.97), as well as high facet and factor congruence (.92–.99). These findings can be taken to reflect the robust nature of the HiPIC model, validating the instrument and more specifically confirming its applicability for use in practice and research investigating children's development and wellbeing in Australia.
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McKay, Scott, Stuart A. Higgins, and Peter Baker. "NORM inventory forecast for Australian offshore oil and gas decommissioned assets and radioactive waste disposal pathways." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19159.
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This research establishes a decommissioning timeline for the existing oil and gas facilities across all of the Australian offshore oil and gas production basins. Minimal data exist in the public domain to estimate these decommissioning timelines and, more importantly, the significant waste volumes generated; including potentially hazardous wastes such as naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). At this time there is no approved onshore radioactive waste disposal pathway in Australia to accommodate this material. Applying an estimation methodology, based on Norwegian decommissioning data with regional activity factors, allows a NORM waste forecast to be established for the decommissioning of Australian oil and gas offshore infrastructure. The total NORM disposal burden is estimated to be in the range of 223–1674 tonnes for decommissioning activity to 2060, with over 68% of this material generated between 2018 and 2025. Due to the sparsity of public domain data this forecast is deemed to be uncertain and excludes the NORM contamination anticipated to be present in subsea export pipelines, trunklines and well production tubing. Current regulations governing the categorisation and disposal of radioactive wastes across Australia are complex and regionally dependent. This regional variation makes the implementation of a national radioactive waste disposal facility more difficult, and encourages the export of radioactive wastes overseas for final disposal. Exporting of radioactive wastes potentially presents a higher risk compared with in-country disposal and is likely not an effective long-term proposition. A comprehensive NORM data collection and quantification assessment programme, spanning all onshore and offshore oil and gas infrastructure, needs to implemented to drive and verify a NORM waste management strategy for the wave of facility decommissioning projects that are fast approaching.
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Emmerson, Kathryn M., Martin E. Cope, Ian E. Galbally, Sunhee Lee, and Peter F. Nelson. "Isoprene and monoterpene emissions in south-east Australia: comparison of a multi-layer canopy model with MEGAN and with atmospheric observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (May 31, 2018): 7539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7539-2018.
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Abstract. One of the key challenges in atmospheric chemistry is to reduce the uncertainty of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission estimates from vegetation to the atmosphere. In Australia, eucalypt trees are a primary source of biogenic emissions, but their contribution to Australian air sheds is poorly quantified. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) has performed poorly against Australian isoprene and monoterpene observations. Finding reasons for the MEGAN discrepancies and strengthening our understanding of biogenic emissions in this region is our focus. We compare MEGAN to the locally produced Australian Biogenic Canopy and Grass Emissions Model (ABCGEM), to identify the uncertainties associated with the emission estimates and the data requirements necessary to improve isoprene and monoterpene emissions estimates for the application of MEGAN in Australia. Previously unpublished, ABCGEM is applied as an online biogenic emissions inventory to model BVOCs in the air shed overlaying Sydney, Australia. The two models use the same meteorological inputs and chemical mechanism, but independent inputs of leaf area index (LAI), plant functional type (PFT) and emission factors. We find that LAI, a proxy for leaf biomass, has a small role in spatial, temporal and inter-model biogenic emission variability, particularly in urban areas for ABCGEM. After removing LAI as the source of the differences, we found large differences in the emission activity function for monoterpenes. In MEGAN monoterpenes are partially light dependent, reducing their dependence on temperature. In ABCGEM monoterpenes are not light dependent, meaning they continue to be emitted at high rates during hot summer days, and at night. When the light dependence of monoterpenes is switched off in MEGAN, night-time emissions increase by 90–100 % improving the comparison with observations, suggesting the possibility that monoterpenes emitted from Australian vegetation may not be as light dependent as vegetation globally. Targeted measurements of emissions from in situ Australian vegetation, particularly of the light dependence issue are critical to improving MEGAN for one of the world's major biogenic emitting regions.
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McEniery, Ben. "Physicality in Australian Patent Law." Deakin Law Review 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2011vol16no2art110.
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It is generally understood that the patent system exists to encourage the conception and disclosure of new and useful inventions embodied in machines and other physical devices, along with new methods that physically transform matter from one state to another. What is not well understood is whether, and to what extent, the patent system is to encourage and protect the conception and disclosure of inventions that are non-physical methods — namely those that do not result in a physical transformation of matter. This issue was considered in Grant v Commissioner of Patents. In that case the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia held that an invention must involve a physical effect or transformation to be patentable subject matter. In doing so, it introduced a physicality requirement into Australian law. What this article seeks to establish is whether the court’s decision is consistent with the case law on point. It does so by examining the key common law cases that followed the High Court’s watershed decision in National Research Development Corporation v Commissioner of Patents, the undisputed authoritative statement of principle in regard to the patentable subject matter standard in Australia. This is done with a view to determining whether there is anything in those cases that supports the view that the Australian patentable subject matter test contains a physicality requirement.
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Tanzer, Norbert K. "Cross-Cultural Bias in Likert-Type Inventories: Perfect Matching Factor Structures and Still Biased?" European Journal of Psychological Assessment 11, no. 3 (September 1995): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.11.3.194.
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The academic self-concept, measured by the Reading self-concept scale and the Math self-concept scale of the “Self-Description-Questionnaire I” (SDQ-I; Marsh, 1988 ), of Singaporean Chinese sixth-graders (600 boys and 600 girls) was compared to those of a sample of 1200 Australian students of the same age and gender composition drawn from the SDQ-I calibration sample. As the Singaporeans were fluent in English, the original English scale was used so as to avoid possible translation bias. Each scale consists of four interest items, two competence items, and two task-easiness items. Subjects answered all items on a five-point rating scale ranging from “false” to “true.” Although the factor structure of the Singaporean Chinese resembled closely those of their Australian counterparts, substantial cross-cultural bias emerged between interest items and competence/easiness items when treated as a single scale. This is because Singaporean students as compared to the Australians were more reluctant to agree to items with self-praise connotation. In addition, cross-cultural differences were found in the psychological meaning of the rating categories.
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Clark, Nicole F., Jen A. McComb, and Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson. "Host species of mistletoes (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19137.
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In order to study the relationships between mistletoes and their host species, comprehensive collections of both mistletoes and hosts are needed. The effect of sampling effort on the estimation of mistletoe host range was demonstrated in a comparison of an inventory of host mistletoe interactions published by Downey in 1998 and a 2019 inventory presented here, which is based on data from collections in the Australian Virtual Herbarium and information in the literature. New hosts were recorded for 93% of the 90 Australian mistletoes. There were 338 previously known hosts recorded to be parasitised by additional mistletoe species, and 317 new host species that were not previously known as mistletoe hosts (25 being alien species). These were from 78 new host genera and 13 new host families. The total number of host species was 1186 within 327 genera from 92 host families. A total of 63% of all Australian mistletoes parasitise species of either Eucalyptus or Acacia or both these genera. The large rise in host species recorded in less than two decades between inventories suggests that current knowledge of hosts is still incomplete, such that further new hosts will be discovered in future. Some mistletoe species show a strong preference to one host family or genus but due to insufficient collecting it is premature to conclude that any of the three species known from a single host are host specific.
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Magson, Natasha R., Rhonda G. Craven, Genevieve F. Nelson, Alexander S. Yeung, Gawaian H. Bodkin-Andrews, and Dennis M. McInerney. "Motivation Matters: Profiling Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Students’ Motivational Goals." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 43, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2014.19.
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This research explored gender and cross-cultural similarities and differences in the motivational profiles of Indigenous Papua New Guinean (PNG) and Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Secondary students (N = 1,792) completed self-report motivational measures. Invariance testing demonstrated that the Inventory of School Motivation (McInerney, Yeung, & McInerney, 2001) measure was invariant across both gender and Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results explicated that males were significantly more performance orientated than females in all three groups examined; however, the disparity between genders was most apparent in non-Indigenous Australians. Diverging from previous findings with non-Indigenous students, the current study found that PNG and Australian Indigenous males endorsed mastery goals more strongly than Indigenous females. In contrast, non-Indigenous females were more mastery orientated than non-Indigenous males. Finally, the two Indigenous groups endorsed social goals more strongly than the non-Indigenous Australians. The current findings highlight the importance of assessing gender and group differences, as broad statements relating to student motivation do not appear to be applicable in all cultural contexts.
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Dargavel, J. "An initial inventory of Australian foresters’ lives." Australian Forestry 79, no. 4 (October 2016): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2016.1237252.
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Chen, George, Abbas Valadkhani, and Bligh Grant. "How useful is the yield spread as a predictor of growth in Australia?" Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-09-2014-0159.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of the yield spread for forecasting growth in the Australian economy since 1969. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies time series analysis to evaluate the in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting power of the spread-growth nexus in Australia for the period spanning from 1969 to 2014. Findings – This paper concludes that the spread serves as a useful predictor of growth in output, private dwellings, private fixed capital formation, and inventories in Australia, both in-sample and out-of-sample. Its predictive content is not sensitive to the inclusion of monetary policy variables or the switch to the inflation-targeting regime by the Reserve Bank of Australia in the early 1990s. Originality/value – This paper provides significant evidence to policy makers and market participants on the usefulness of the spread in forecasting output growth for up to eight quarters ahead.
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Howden, S. M., and P. J. Reyenga. "Methane emissions from Australian livestock: implications of the Kyoto Protocol." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99002.
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Human activities have increased the atmospheric concentration of methane by about 140% since pre-industrial times. The accumulation of methane and other ‘greenhouse’ gases is anticipated to cause significant climate changes in the future. Ruminant livestock are the largest producers of methane in Australia and this source constitutes about 12% of the national net emissions. Australia is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, which, if it comes into force, requires limiting annual emissions during the period 2008–2012 to 8% over the 1990 value. Australian livestock emissions are projected to increase by 7% by 2010 with total Australian emissions expected to increase by 28–43%. Emissions per unit GDP are higher for the livestock sector than for most other sectors and this may negatively affect the sector if free market emission trading is implemented and no new technologies to reduce emissions cost-effectively are introduced. Using information from the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, we demonstrate that reductions in emissions per unit product are already occurring in at least one Australian livestock industry and discuss ways to ensure that similar future changes will be recorded. Cautionary notes are made regarding options of grain feeding and more intensive production, which appear to be attractive but may lead to increasing emissions when viewed on a broader basis. The potential for increased animal production with new technologies developed to reduce methane emissions suggests that there may be significant opportunities for the Australian livestock industries arising from the issue of greenhouse gas reductions. Opportunities to establish carbon sinks are also discussed. We suggest that addressing reduction of emissions per hectare rather than per head or per kilo of product results in a strong alignment with the development of more sustainable livestock industries.
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Hossain, Md Moazzem. "Accounting for biodiversity in Australia." Pacific Accounting Review 29, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-03-2016-0033.
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Purpose This paper aims to respond to recent calls by Jones (2014) and Jones and Solomon (Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2013) for more studies on biodiversity accounting and reporting. In particular, this paper explores biodiversity reporting of the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA), an Australian public sector enterprise. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses content analysis of MDBA’s published annual reports over the period of 15 years (1998-2012). Archival data (from different government departments) are also used to prepare natural inventory model. Findings The paper finds that although specific species, such as flora and fauna, and habitats-related disclosures have increased over the time, such information still allows only a partial construction of an inventory of natural assets, using Jones’ (1996, 2003) model. However, unlike prior studies that find lack of data availability to be the main impediment for operationalising biodiversity accounting, the abundance of biodiversity data in Australia makes it comparatively easier to produce such a statement. Research limitations/implications Informed by the environmental stewardship framework, the results of this paper suggest that the disclosures made by MDBA are constrained potentially due to its use of traditional accounting mechanisms of reporting that only allow tradable items to be reported to stakeholders. An alternative reporting format would be more relevant to stakeholder groups who are more interested in information regarding quality and availability of water, and loss of biodiversity in the basin area rather than the financial performance of the MDBA. Originality/value Although there are a growing number of studies exploring biodiversity reporting in Australia, this paper is one of the earlier attempts to operationalise biodiversity (particularly habitats, flora and fauna) within the context of an Australian public sector enterprise.
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Van Holsbeeck, Sam, Mark Brown, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava, and Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan. "A Review on the Potential of Forest Biomass for Bioenergy in Australia." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051147.
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The use of forest biomass for bioenergy in Australia represents only 1% of total energy production but is being recognized for having the potential to deliver low-cost and low-emission, renewable energy solutions. This review addresses the potential of forest biomass for bioenergy production in Australia relative to the amount of biomass energy measures available for production, harvest and transport, conversion, distribution and emission. Thirty-Five Australian studies on forest biomass for bioenergy are reviewed and categorized under five hierarchical terms delimiting the level of assessment on the biomass potential. Most of these studies assess the amount of biomass at a production level using measures such as the allometric volume equation and form factor assumptions linked to forest inventory data or applied in-field weighing of samples to predict the theoretical potential of forest biomass across an area or region. However, when estimating the potential of forest biomass for bioenergy production, it is essential to consider the entire supply chain that includes many limitations and reductions on the recovery of the forest biomass from production in the field to distribution to the network. This review reiterated definitions for theoretical, available, technological, economic and environmental biomass potential and identified missing links between them in the Australian literature. There is a need for further research on the forest biomass potential to explore lower cost and lowest net emission solutions as a replacement to fossil resources for energy production in Australia but methods the could provide promising solutions are available and can be applied to address this gap.
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Bocak, Ladislav, Michal Motyka, Dominik Kusy, and Renata Bilkova. "Biodiversity Inventory and Distribution of Metriorrhynchina Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae), with the Identification of Generic Ranges." Insects 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100710.
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We reviewed the species-level classification of Metriorrhynchina net-winged beetles to make the group accessible for further studies. Altogether, 876 valid species are listed in a checklist along with known synonyms, combinations, and distribution data. The compilation of geographic distribution showed that Metriorrhynchina is distributed mainly in the Australian region with very high diversity in the islands at the northern edge of the Australian craton, i.e., in the Moluccas and New Guinea (54 and 423 spp. respectively). The neighboring northern part of the Australian continent houses a majority of known Australian species (112 spp.) and the diversity of net-winged beetles gradually decreases to the south (43 spp.). The fauna of Sulawesi is highly endemic at the generic level (4 of 10 genera, 67 of 84 spp.). Less Metriorrhynchina occur in the Solomon Islands and Oceania (in total 22 spp.). The Oriental Metriorrhynchina fauna consists of a few genera and a limited number of species, and most of these are known from the Philippines (51 of 94 Oriental spp.). We identified a high species level turn-over between all neighboring landmasses. The genus-level endemism is high in Sulawesi (4 genera) and New Guinea (11 genera), but only a single genus is endemic to Australia. During the compilation of the checklist, we identified some homonyms, and we propose the following replacement names and a new synonym: Metriorrhynchus pseudobasalis, nom. nov. for M. basalis Lea, 1921 nec M. basalis Bourgeois, 1911; Metriorrhynchus pseudofunestus, nom. nov. for M. funestus Lea, 1921 nec M. funestus (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), Trichalus pseudoternatensis, nom. nov. for T. ternatensis Kleine, 1930 nec T. ternatensis Bourgeois, 1900, Procautires subparallelus, nom. nov. for P. parallelus (Pic, 1926) nec P. parallelus (Bourgeois, 1883), and Cautires pseudocorporaali, nom. nov. for C. corporaali (Pic, 1921: 12), (formerly Odontocerus and Cladophorus) nec C. corporaali (Pic, 1921) (formerly Bulenides, later Cautires). Diatrichalus biroi Kleine, 1943, syn. nov. is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of D. subarcuatithorax (Pic, 1926). Altogether, 161 new combinations are proposed, and 47 species earlier placed in Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879 transferred from Cautirina to Metriorrhynchina incertae sedis. The study clarifies the taxonomy of Metriorrhynchini and should serve as a restarting point for further taxonomic, evolutionary, and biogeographic studies.
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Murphy, Christopher, and Stuart A. Higgins. "Australia offshore well inventory characterisation and decommissioning cost saving opportunities through cap rock restoration and rigless/riserless techniques." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20118.
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This research utilises the Geoscience Australia and NOPIMS public database to characterise the national inventory of active offshore oil and gas (O&G) wells and, through representative examples of dry and wet completions, establish the current well decommissioning cost opportunities associated with using riserless and rigless techniques to restore cap rock. These techniques have been successfully applied in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and this study explores the potential savings and barriers to adoption in the Australian offshore operating and regulatory context. Third party studies (Bills 2018; Wood Mackenzie 2020) have reported Australian O&G decommissioning cost estimates in the range of USD 33–49 billion over the next 30–40 years. The well decommissioning contribution to the total project cost has been estimated at 49% (OGUK 2020). This cost is materially significant to the economic life of the asset, the operator’s financial liability and a significant cost burden to the Federal Government through Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) offsets. In this context there is a paucity of detail and transparency for well decommissioning cost estimates, to establish whether there are cost saving opportunities whilst still maintaining an acceptable level of risk both during plug and abandonment (P&A) operations and in the longer term when relinquished back to the Federal Government. This study illustrates how and to what extent the Australian offshore Federal well inventory could be decommissioned using cap rock restoration and rigless/riserless techniques and proposes a staged strategy to realise a progressive cost reduction of 21–41% over the base estimate of circa USD 4.08 billion benchmarked with OGUK (2019). This significant cost reduction aligns with the OGTC (2019) technology roadmap target of 35% supported in part by the pursuit of a rigless and riserless well decommissioning philosophy.
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Boyle, Gregory J., James Ward, and Tania J. Lennon. "Personality Assessment Inventory: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1441.
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The Personality Assessment Inventory is a recently constructed multidimensional self-report measure of personality traits. Morey reported the results of a scale factoring, claiming that the instrument measures four separate higher-order dimensions; however, in an independent Australian study of the psychometric properties of the inventory, Boyle and Lennon found five higher-order dimensions, using factor analytic procedures intended to maximize simple structure. The present paper reports the results of a confirmatory factor analysis for the proposed model based on the Australian data. The results indicate that the model does not provide a satisfactory fit, raising questions about the higher-order factor structure.
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McGrath, Andrew J., Anthony P. Thompson, and Jane Goodman-Delahunty. "Differentiating Predictive Validity and Practical Utility for the Australian Adaptation of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 6 (March 21, 2018): 820–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818762468.
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The predictive validity for the Australian Adaptation of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory was tested in a large sample ( N = 4,401) of community-based juvenile offenders in New South Wales, Australia. First, we compared gender and ethnic subgroups on domain, total scores, and predictive validity. Both similarities and modest differences emerged in mean scores across subgroups. The pattern of predictive validity results showed comparable indices by gender and ethnic subgroups. Second, we supplemented our quantitative method with a review of 26 case files with the lowest risk scores and a 1-year reoffense, and 25 case files with the highest risk scores and no 1-year reoffense. We discuss implications of the findings for improving the predictive validity and practical utility of risk–need assessment with juvenile offenders.
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Bai, Mei, Jianlei Sun, Kithsiri B. Dassanayake, Marcelo A. Benvenutti, Julian Hill, Owen T. Denmead, Thomas Flesch, and Deli Chen. "Non-interference measurement of CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions from cattle." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14992.
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A technique combining open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with an inverse-dispersion model was used to quantify methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from an isolated cattle pen in south-eastern Australia. Twenty-eight Angus steers (1-year old, initial average liveweight 404 kg) were fed a 60% grain diet and kept in a pen (20 × 20 m) for 41 days. Gas concentrations were measured downwind of the pen using an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with a path length of 100 m, having a detection sensitivity of 2, 0.3 and 0.4 ppb for CH4, N2O and NH3, respectively. Daily emission rates were 232, 14 and 192 g/cattle.day for CH4, N2O and NH3, respectively. The measured CH4 emissions were in agreement with predictions based on Australian National Inventory recommendations, however, measured N2O and NH3 emissions were much higher than the predicted values. Extrapolation of our measurements would mean that CH4 and N2O emissions from beef feedlot cattle contribute 3.1% and 5.9% of the Australian agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively.
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Ferguson, Ian. "Australian plantation inventory: ownership changes, availability and policy." Australian Forestry 77, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2013.868766.
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Stephenson, A. E. "UNDER-EXPLORED BASINS OF AUSTRALIA: AN INVENTORY." Environmental Geosciences 8, no. 1 (March 2001): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-0984.2001.08011-13.x.
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Windrim, Lloyd, and Mitch Bryson. "Detection, Segmentation, and Model Fitting of Individual Tree Stems from Airborne Laser Scanning of Forests Using Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091469.
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Accurate measurements of the structural characteristics of trees such as height, diameter, sweep and taper are an important part of forest inventories in managed forests and commercial plantations. Both terrestrial and aerial LiDAR are currently employed to produce pointcloud data from which inventory metrics can be determined. Terrestrial/ground-based scanning typically provides pointclouds resolutions of many thousands of points per m 2 from which tree stems can be observed and inventory measurements made directly, whereas typical resolutions from aerial scanning (tens of points per m 2 ) require inventory metrics to be regressed from LiDAR variables using inventory reference data collected from the ground. Recent developments in miniaturised LiDAR sensors are enabling aerial capture of pointclouds from low-flying aircraft at high-resolutions (hundreds of points per m 2 ) from which tree stem information starts to become directly visible, enabling the possibility for plot-scale inventories that do not require access to the ground. In this paper, we develop new approaches to automated tree detection, segmentation and stem reconstruction using algorithms based on deep supervised machine learning which are designed for use with aerially acquired high-resolution LiDAR pointclouds. Our approach is able to isolate individual trees, determine tree stem points and further build a segmented model of the main tree stem that encompasses tree height, diameter, taper, and sweep. Through the use of deep learning models, our approach is able to adapt to variations in pointcloud densities and partial occlusions that are particularly prevalent when data is captured from the air. We present results of our algorithms using high-resolution LiDAR pointclouds captured from a helicopter over two Radiata pine forests in NSW, Australia.
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Nimbs, Matt J., and Stephen D. A. Smith. "An illustrated inventory of the sea slugs of New South Wales, Australia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 2 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16011.
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Although the Indo-Pacific is the global centre of diversity for the heterobranch sea slugs, their distribution remains, in many places, largely unknown. On the Australian east coast, their diversity decreases from approximately 1000 species in the northern Great Barrier Reef to fewer than 400 in Bass Strait. While occurrence records for some of the more populated sections of the coast are well known, data are patchy for more remote areas. Many species have very short lifecycles, so they can respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. The New South Wales coast is a recognised climate change hot-spot and southward shifts in distribution have already been documented for several species. However, thorough documentation of present distributions is an essential prerequisite for identifying further range extensions. While distribution data are available in the public realm, much is also held privately as photographic collections, diaries and logs. This paper consolidates the current occurrence data from both private and public sources as part of a broader study of sea slug distribution in south-eastern Australia and provides an inventory by region. A total of 382 species, 155 genera and 54 families is reported from the mainland coast of New South Wales.
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Bukosa, Beata, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Jenny A. Fisher, Dagmar Kubistin, Clare Paton-Walsh, and David W. T. Griffith. "Simultaneous shipborne measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO and their application to improving greenhouse-gas flux estimates in Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 7055–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7055-2019.
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Abstract. Quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases is essential for predicting greenhouse-gas–climate feedback processes and their impacts on climate variability and change. Australia plays a significant role in driving variability in global carbon cycling, but the budgets of carbon gases in Australia remain highly uncertain. Here, shipborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer measurements collected around Australia are used together with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to analyse the variability of three direct and indirect carbon greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). Using these measurements, we provide an updated distribution of these gases. From the model, we quantify their sources and sinks, and we exploit the benefits of multi-species analysis to explore co-variations to constrain relevant processes. We find that for all three gases, the eastern Australian coast is largely influenced by local anthropogenic sources, while the southern, western and northern coasts are characterised by a mixture of anthropogenic and natural sources. Comparing coincident and co-located enhancements in the three carbon gases highlighted several common sources from the Australian continent. We found evidence for 17 events with similar enhancement patterns indicative of co-emission and calculated enhancement ratios and modelled source contributions for each event. We found that anthropogenic co-enhancement events are common along the eastern coast, while co-enhancement events in the tropics primarily derive from biomass burning sources. While the GEOS-Chem model generally reproduced the timing of co-enhancement events, it was less able to reproduce the magnitude of enhancements. We used these differences to identify underestimated, overestimated and missing processes in the model. We found model overestimates of CH4 from coal burning and underestimates of all three gases from biomass burning. We identified missing sources from fossil fuel, biofuel, oil, gas, coal, livestock, biomass burning and the biosphere in the model, pointing to the need to further develop and evaluate greenhouse-gas emission inventories for the Australian continent.
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Creider, Chet. "David McKnight, People, countries, and the Rainbow Serpent: Systems of classification among the Lardil of Mornington Island. (Oxford studies in anthropological linguistics, 12.) Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. x, 270. Hb $75.00." Language in Society 29, no. 4 (October 2000): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500284042.
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Anthropologists have long recognized that Australian aboriginal cultures have a rich repertoire of cognitive achievements, and they have contrasted this richness with the relative impoverishment of their technological repertoire. However, despite the richness of the cognitive repertoire, the anthropological literature contains no overall inventory for any aboriginal cultural group. McKnight's monograph is the first work that covers everything: social structure (including kinship), myth, ritual, dancing, property structure, and biological classification. The quality of the scholarship is very high. At the time of writing, McKnight had worked with the Lardil for 30 years, including 16 field trips, with a total time of residence among the Lardil of more than five years. After completing an MA on West African materials under Darryl Forde, he switched to Australia, where he also worked with the Wik-mungkan and a number of other groups. The present monograph is the first of a projected trilogy; work is under way now on the second volume, a monograph on marriage, sorcery, and violence. In recent years, McKnight has been involved, on behalf of the Lardil, in negotiations with the Australian government for land claims.
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Barrett, Paula M., Robi Sonderegger, and Noleen L. Sonderegger. "Assessment of Child and Adolescent Migrants to Australia: A Crosscultural Comparison." Behaviour Change 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.19.4.220.
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AbstractThis study examines whether young migrants, differentiated by cultural background, (a) vary in their experience of cultural adjustment, emotional distress, levels of self-esteem, and coping ability, and (b) how they compare with Australian students on measures of self-esteem and coping ability. One hundred and seventy-three students differentiated by cultural origin (former-Yugoslavian, Chinese, Mixed-culture, and Australian) and school level (primary and high school) were recruited at random from public schools in South East Queensland. Students completed measures of cultural adjustment (Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire), anxiety and trauma (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Trauma Symptom Checklist), self-esteem (Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and coping ability (Coping Scale for Children and Adolescents). The main findings from this study indicate that culturally diverse groups residing in Australia vary in their experience of cultural adaptation, level of self-esteem, and symptoms of emotional distress, illustrating culture-specific strengths and weaknesses among young non-English speaking (NESB) students. This study reveals information on how culturally diverse migrants acculturate, the type and severity of symptoms they experience, and their capacity to cope in stressful situations. The need for culture-specific early intervention and prevention programs is discussed.
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Howes, Michael. "What's Your Poison? The Australian National Pollutant Inventory versus the US Toxics Release Inventory." Australian Journal of Political Science 36, no. 3 (November 2001): 529–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361140120100703.
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Goris, Janny, Nera Komaric, Amanda Guandalini, Daniel Francis, and Ellen Hawes. "Effectiveness of multicultural health workers in chronic disease prevention and self-management in culturally and linguistically diverse populations: a systematic literature review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 1 (2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11130.
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With a large and increasing culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) population, the Australian health care system faces challenges in the provision of accessible culturally competent health care. Communities at higher risk of chronic disease include CALD communities. Overseas, multicultural health workers (MHWs) have been increasingly integrated in the delivery of culturally relevant primary health care to CALD communities. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of MHW interventions in chronic disease prevention and self-management in CALD populations with the aim to inform policy development of effective health care in CALD communities in Australia. A systematic review protocol was developed and computerised searches were conducted of multiple electronic databases from 1 January 1995 until 1 November 2010. Thirty-nine studies were identified including 31 randomised controlled trials. Many of the studies focussed on poor and underserved ethnic minorities. Several studies reported significant improvements in participants’ chronic disease prevention and self-management outcomes and meta-analyses identified a positive trend associated with MHW intervention. Australian Government policies express the need for targeted inventions for CALD communities. The broader systemic application of MHWs in Australian primary health care may provide one of the most useful targeted interventions for CALD communities.
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Alford, A. R., R. S. Hegarty, P. F. Parnell, O. J. Cacho, R. M. Herd, and G. R. Griffith. "The impact of breeding to reduce residual feed intake on enteric methane emissions from the Australian beef industry." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 7 (2006): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05300.
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The expected reduction in methane emissions from the Australian beef herd resulting from using bulls identified as being more feed efficient as a result of having a lower residual feed intake (RFI) was modelled, both in a single herd in southern Australia and in the national herd. A gene flow model was developed to simulate the spread of improved RFI genes through a breeding herd over 25 years, from 2002 to 2026. Based on the estimated gene flow, the voluntary feed intakes were revised annually for all beef classes using livestock populations taken from the Australian National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGGI). Changes in emissions (kg methane/animal.year) associated with the reduction in feed intake were then calculated using NGGI procedures. Annual enteric methane emissions from both the individual and national herd were calculated by multiplying the livestock numbers in each beef class by the revised estimates of emissions per animal. For an individual adopting herd, the annual methane abatement in year 25 of selection was 15.9% lower than in year 1. For the national herd, differential lags and limits to adoption were assumed for northern and southern Australia. The cumulative reduction in national emissions was 568 100 t of methane over 25 years, with annual emissions in year 25 being 3.1% lower than in year 1. It is concluded that selection for reduced RFI will lead to substantial and lasting methane abatement, largely as a consequence of its implementation as a breeding objective for the grazing beef herd.
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Jiang, Wenying, and Qingyu Wu. "A comparative study on learning strategies used by Australian CFL and Chinese EFL learners." Chinese as a Second Language Research 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2016-0009.
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AbstractThis study compared language learning strategies used by Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) learners in Australia and English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in China through Oxford’s (1990. Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle and Heinle.) Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire survey. Two cohorts of learners, namely Australian CFL learners (N=101) and Chinese EFL learners (N=100), participated in this study. It was found that the most frequently used strategies by the Chinese EFL learners were compensation strategies and the least frequently used strategies were memory strategies while the most frequently used strategies by the Australian CFL learners were social strategies and the least frequently used strategies were affective strategies. Australian female learners used slightly more strategies than male learners, but no difference was found in the strategies used by the Chinese EFL male and female learners. No significant difference was found either in the strategies used by learners of different grade levels, regardless of whether they were Chinese EFL or Australian CFL learners. Scores of some individual categories significantly differed between the three levels of the Australian CFL learners and the four levels of the Chinese EFL learners. In general the Chinese EFL learners used more strategies when compared with those used by the Australian CFL learners. Pedagogical implications of the findings were also discussed. This study contributes to the research in language learning strategies in that it considers the typological distance between learners’ L1 and the target language for the first time. It also has clarified the seemingly inconsistent findings in the literature in terms of memory strategies use by Asian learners (Chinese learners in this case): when compared with other categories of strategies, memory strategies were used the least frequently by the Chinese EFL learners; when compared with learners from other cultural backgrounds such as the Australian or American, the Chinese EFL learners used memory strategies more frequently.
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Pierce, C. Mark B., and Geoffrey N. Molloy. "The Construct Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Some Data from down under." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3_suppl2 (December 1989): 1340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3f.1340.
Full textAbstract:
The Maslach Burnout Inventory has been used to measure burnout among workers in the helping professions. The construct validity of the inventory was examined using a sample of 750 Australian postprimary (high school) teachers. Analyses of teachers' responses confirmed a three-factor structure and showed the inventory to be a reliable instrument.