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Journal articles on the topic 'Inventions'
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1
ANDROSHUK, H., O. DOROSHENKO, and L. RABOTIAHOVA. "Patenting of inventions created with the use of artificial intelligence: problems of theory and practice." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 1(48) (March 6, 2024): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2024.1(48).300790.
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In the article, based on the tools of intellectual property analysis, international and national patent legislation is analyzed, the problems of inventing inventions created with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) are investigated: the dynamics of patenting, patent activity in the field of AI technologies, the peculiarities of patentability examination of inventions in different jurisdictions are analyzed (EPO, Germany, China, USA, Japan) and judicial practice on this issue. The main provisions of the draft law “On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models” regarding the regulation of relations arising in relation to inventions and utility models created with the use of artificial intelligence” were considered. It was concluded that the law “On protection of rights to inventions and utility models” excludes computer programs from patented objects. It is recommended to implement the rules of the EPC Guidelines on computer-implemented inventions into the Rules for drawing up, submitting and considering an application for an invention and an application for a utility model, which do not reflect these aspects.
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Zhykharev, Oleksandr. "Aspects of the examination of patents relating to medical inventions." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 6 (February 27, 2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62022.274630.
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Keywords: selection invention; medical inventions; examination; patentability criteria
The article contains an analysis of approaches to the examination of selectioninventions for medicines. Selection inventions are inventions created in theprocess of selecting an optimal compound from a group of known compounds or in theprocess of selecting parameters from an interval of known parameters related to thecompounds. Selection inventions must demonstrate an unexpected result that is unknownin the prior art. Selection inventions can potentially be a means of obtaining amonopoly on an already known compound or a medicinal product containing thatcompound, or a method of producing the compound, etc. Therefore, the examination of criteria of patentability for selection inventions is important for maintaining the balanceof interests between the patent holder and the society. The article contains informationabout the difference between the examination of inventions in the patent officeand the forensic examination. The analysis of approaches to examination includesthe law of Ukraine for invention, which provides for the means of combating evergreen(secondary) patents, as well as the opinion of experts of the Patent Office abouta patentability of selection inventions. The article contains the approaches to examinationaccording to the regulations of the European Patent Office and other nationaljurisdictions, as well as the opinion of forensic scientists practising in this field. Apractice example of examination of a selection invention is given. The summary includesrecommendations on approaches to the examination of selection inventions:the subject of the selection invention should not have been specifically disclosed earlier;the subject should exhibit previously unknown and unexpected advantages; thedescription of the selection invention should contain reasonable evidence of non-obviousnessof the selection; the selection invention should meet the condition of inventivestep according to the general requirements as for all the inventions. If unexpected advantagesof existing products were deemed patentable under the applicable law, thepatentability of a selection could be considered when an inventive step is present.
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Nwogu, Mary Imelda Obianuju. "The Jurisprudence of Patentable and Non-patentable Inventions: Nigerian in Perspective." American Journal of Law 5, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1369.
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Patent is an industrial property right granted by the government of a state to a patentee. It is an intangible, incorporeal and exclusive right granted under the Law to an invention. While an invention is something that has never been made or existed before. Patents are granted to inventions, but not every invention qualify for grant of patent, hence there are patentable and non-patentable inventions. An invention is patentable if it is new, results from an inventive activity and is capable of industrial application (s.1(1) of the Patent and Designs Act 2004). Several textbooks, case laws, statutes(local and International), internet sources reveal that Nigerian legislation inadequately granted patent to inventions, wherein it did not grant patent to some inventions which International intellectual property regime stated patent should be granted. The Laws of developed countries like USA have wider protection of inventions than Laws of developing countries like Nigeria. Hence the Nigerian Law is narrow in the inventions that should be patentable as against the International Intellectual Property Regime.
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Leavey, John. "From Socrates to Electracy and Beyond Inventions 1--15 On the rhythm of translation and proportionality • • After(:) The Technological Condition Sinfonias I -- XV (The Technics of Time and the Hedgehog)." Derrida Today 1, no. 1 (May 2008): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1754850008000080.
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Executed according to the rhythm and references of Bach's Inventions and Sinfonias, this piece analyzes the times of the technological condition, electracy, and reading as ways to explore invention‘s' (composed, performed, taught, as an invitation to think invention in more than one way). The temporalities of invention(,) of the human and of electracy are played off one another to understand how integrity and priority attempt to contain the technological condition in a limited notion of afterness and how electracy might be begun to be translated in a certain manner.
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Lee, Eun-Jee, Seung-won Lee, Sung-chan Kim, Soo-Young Kim, and Jae-Eun Shin. "Research on Development of Standards for Educational Content for Gifted Inventions in Elementary Schools." Korean Association of Practical Arts Education 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24062/kpae.2024.37.1.119.
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This study aims to systematize and modernize the educational content for gifted inventions,
originally developed in 2011, by reflecting on the changes in the educational landscape.
Given that the majority of gifted students are in elementary school and considering the results of
a demand survey among those in charge of invention-gifted education institutions, the scope of this
study was limited to developing content standards for elementary school students in the 5th and 6th
grades. The study involved an analysis of the educational content of 131 invention-gifted education
institutions nationwide in 2022 and a survey of 23 elementary invention-gifted education experts. The
goal was to guide the revision of the elementary invention-gifted education content standards in 2023.
The revision primarily aimed to balance the number of standards across major content areas and
to reflect industry demands and national-level curriculum guidelines.
This research process led to the formulation of the 2023 elementary school gifted-invention
education content standards. The new standards consist of 5 major areas—understanding of
inventions, inventions and society, inventions and convergence, invention problem solving, and
inventions and intellectual property—and 23 standards. The 23 standards were further distributed
across four areas of understanding inventions, four areas of invention and society, five areas of
invention and convergence, six areas of solving invention problems, and four areas of invention and
intellectual property. In addition, a total of 139 achievement standards for each level were
presented.
The results suggest that the revised standards are expected to mitigate differences in the quality
of gifted education stemming from variations in educational conditions due to factors such as
teachers and regions while also preventing the overlap of gifted-invention education content between
elementary and middle schools.
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Ostapenko, G., and O. Chomakhashvili. "The relevance of legal protection of secret inventions in Ukraine during the war." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 74 (January 31, 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.18.
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The article is devoted to the legal framework of the secret inventions, which are the inventions made secret by the order of the State secret expert. The question is regarded in connection to the war in Ukraine. The two regimes, one – the patent protection regime, the other – the state secret regime have a secret invention in the sphere of their regulation. The procedure of the expanding the secret order for the invention is unique and mentioned in the Patent and Utility Model Act, although the applicant for the secrecy could be both – the inventor or applicant and the State Secret Agent. It is disagreed in the article that all the secret inventions are used according to a state monopoly. There are inventions, that are not used by the state itself, nevertheless, the state is interested in keeping it secret without using but not allowing anyone else to use it regarding the national interest. The examples are shown in the sphere of medicine. Analysing the legal position of the patent holder of the secret invention in compare with the legal position of the patent holder of the ordinary patent, it is stated that not only the economic rights are limited, but also a personal rights that derive from the patent when we talk about secret inventions. The inventor can not mention its name publicly when talking about secret inventions, that can have an impact on his professional reputation or position as an employee. The examples are shown that the inventors sometimes tend to use a trade secret regime to protect their inventions. There is a significant decrease in patent applications for the invention due to the war in Ukraine, although the number of the patents that will be kept secret now and in post war period is expected to be bigger.
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Mun, Hee Jin, and Yerim Chung. "Managing Complexity For Creating Breakthrough Inventions: Focusing On Collaboration Teams And Prior Art." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 33, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i2.9893.
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Inventing processes are often greatly complex, resulting in the difficulty of creating breakthrough inventions. But the relationship between the complexity of inventing and the creation of breakthrough inventions and ways of dealing with the complexity of inventing have received little research attention. This study focuses on the effect of coupling, one of the causes of complex inventing, on the likelihood of creating breakthrough inventions and suggests two moderating factors: the size of collaboration teams and the oldness of prior art. Based on U.S. granted patents in optical disc technology domains applied during 1997–2001, the empirical results showed the negative effect of coupling on the likelihood of creating breakthrough patents and the weakening moderating effect of the number of inventors involved in generating patents.
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Moser, Petra, and Alessandra Voena. "Compulsory Licensing: Evidence from the Trading with the Enemy Act." American Economic Review 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 396–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.1.396.
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Compulsory licensing allows firms in developing countries to produce foreign-owned inventions without the consent of foreign patent owners. This paper uses an exogenous event of compulsory licensing after World War I under the Trading with the Enemy Act to examine the effects of compulsory licensing on domestic invention. Difference-in-differences analyses of nearly 130,000 chemical inventions suggest that compulsory licensing increased domestic invention by 20 percent. (JEL D45, L24, N42, O31, O34)
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Tarasova, O. I., A. A. Ryzhova, M. I. Savinova, and V. D. Borodin. "How to get a patent for invention. Recommendations for drawing up application materials." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 20, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2021-20-4-66-74.
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Availability of patents for inventions is a significant indicator of innovative activity in scientific research organization, one of efficiency criterion of its work, creates legal basis for integration innovations into practice and future commercial use. Not every inventor can formulate the point of his invention and describe it correctly according to demands of current legislation.Objective is to help a beginning inventor to form description and formula of invention correctly, to provide information, necessary for giving patent’s application.Recommendations for drawing up a claim according to the patent law of Russia are present in the article with an accent on inventions in the medical area. Conditions of patentability, objects of invention, patent validity periods have been considered. Conditions of creation companies’ inventions have also been highlighted. In the article the demands to a content of applications, structure of description, formula and an abstract of invention have been disclosed in details in compliance with “The Rules of drawing up, applying and considerations of papers (documents), which are the basis for performing legally significant actions in accordance with State registration of inventions” and “Demands to documents of an application of patent of invention”, approved by the Order Minister of Economic Development of Russian Federation, dated on 25.05.2016 No. 316. The example of description of invention in the medical area is given in order to illustrate an invention prototype.According to patent legislation of Russian Federation, a protection is provided to technical decision, which is new, not evident for a specialist in a given filed and is fully revealed in description of an invention in an amount, that is enough for its reproduction, and realization of a stated purpose is confirmed by materials of application. Formula of application must be totally based on a description.
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Hollingum, Jack. "Invention machine ‐ a machine for making inventions?" Assembly Automation 18, no. 2 (June 1998): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445159810211701.
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Kokane, Sonali. "Intellectual Property Rights for Biotechnological Inventions." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 02 (February 3, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28509.
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This article enumerates the intellectual property rights (IPR) that govern Biotechnological inventions. The IPR should not only take into consideration the three criteria of patentability namely, novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability but also the moral and social aspects of the inventions. Apart from this the IPR should also focus on the benefits that the invention can bring to the society by making it more affordable and at the same time keeping in mind the costs incurred by the inventors. Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights, Biotechnology, inventions, TRIPS agreement, Patent
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Marfistasari, Anik, Ennys Kurniawati, and Badzlina Putri Indraswati. "PATEN TERHADAP APLIKASI PROGRAM KOMPUTER BERBASIS FINANCIAL AND TECHNOLOGY DI INDONESIA." Jurnal HUKUM BISNIS 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31090/hukumbisnis.v3i1.834.
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Patents as Intellectual Property Rights which are included in exclusive rights that contain legal construction. It basically must provide legal protection for the application of financial and techology-based on computer programs in Indonesia, where it is given to the novelty of the invention, inventive steps contained in it; and the success of inventions that should be applicable in industries that are developing at this time. To get tsshe assurance and legal protection against fintech programs invention, it is necessary to be followed up on legislation in the field of intellectual property, especially in terms of special patents which it related the fintceh programs inventions in Indonesia, which are expected to provide solutions to the legal problems in Indonesia and to provide a clear legal direction related the fintech programs inventions, on the other hand, with the existence of the legislation in the field of special patent it is expected that can obtain balanced legal protection related to computer programs. Which must be in accordance with the purpose of the invention itself to support the maximum efforts to achieve people's welfare .
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Arifin, Zainul, Miftah Arifin, and Purwo Adi Wibowo. "Pendampingan HKI Karya Invensi Guru dan Siswa di SMK Lemuria Kudus." Journal of Dedicators Community 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdc.v3i1.806.
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UNISNU Community Service Activities Based on Fostered Schools aims to provide assistance, development of work and determination of work to identify inventions of the work of teachers and students at the Kudus Lemuria Vocational School of Furniture Engineering to submit a Intellectual Property Rights request of their invention. The output of this activity are : 1) increasing the effectiveness and innovation of teachers & students to work inventions; 2) increasing partner understanding of the work of invention 3) increasing the teacher's ability in making inventions. The program was carried out by the UNISNU HKI Center with the methods are socialization and assistance in registering the work of teacher and student inventions. Activity stages are: 1) Preparation Phase; 2) Assessment Phase; 3) Planning or Alternative Program Planning Phase; 4) Action Plan Phase; 5) Program or Activity Implementation Phase; 6) Evaluation Phase. The results of this service are: 1) awareness of the importance of copyright protection in the work produced, 2) identified works owned 3) willingness to submit legal protection to the works produced and Copyright certificates from the Director General of Intellectual Property Ministry of Law and Human Right.
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Salmerón-Manzano, Esther, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Low-Cost Inventions and Patents: Series II." Inventions 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010020.
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Bezpalova, Оlha I., Valeriy A. Yusupov, Olha Ye Avramova, Tetyana V. Krasiuk, and Nataliia B. Larina. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF INVENTIONS WITHIN MEDICAL PRACTICE IN UKRAINE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903130.
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Introduction: There is a large number of patents registered in the field of medical practice in Ukraine. Despite this, the peculiarities of the legal protection of inventions within medical practice have not been researched in the modern legal doctrine of intellectual property. The aim of this article is theoretical and practical study of the legal protection of medical inventions in Ukraine based on the analysis of Ukrainian patent law, issued patents for inventions applied within medical practice, as well as data from the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Materials and methods: The authors of the article have used methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative and legal method. The analysis and further use of data from the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine contributed to the definition of the problems of this publication, as well as the formulation of the authors’ vision of the features of inventions within medical practice. Review: Inventions within medical practice are the result of human intellectual activity in the field of medicine. The authors have offered to refer inventions within medical practice to a group of inventions with a possible risk. The risks of inventions within medical practice are divided into those that have a risk for people undergoing clinical trials and manufacturers who try to use these inventions. Conclusions: The authors have grounded the expediency of supplementing the patent procedure with regard to inventions that can be applied within medical practice, with the rule of obligatory provision of documents on conducting clinical trials to the materials of the application for a patent on the invention, in cases of restrictions of the rights of a patent holder of medical and pharmaceutical inventions, by the provisions that would define the concepts and types of biotechnological inventions.
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Abolkheir, Mo. "If You Wish to Invent Then Follow the Half-Causation Method." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 23, no. 1 (2019): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201951194.
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The Half-Causation Method is a metaphysical-epistemic model for developing industrialised technological inventions. It consists of five phases of reasoning through which methodological success is achieved. The Method is named after its first phase, which consists of a methodological idealisation of the causal process, by pinpointing half of a possible causal relation while ignoring everything else. Following this, the Method prescribes how the reasoning should proceed, which ultimately constructs a complete and novel causal process. Each phase terminates with an epistemic justification which the inventor (or inventors) can share with other knowers and have them deliberated and scrutinised. As such, the entire process of developing industrialised technological inventions, including the early stages which are traditionally regarded as mysterious can be understood as a sequence of epistemic justifications. In this paper, the Half-Causation Method is presented as a detailed practical prescription for future projects which aim to develop industrialised technological inventions. Throughout the paper two case studies from the recent history of technology are used as exemplars, namely: the invention of the microwave oven and the invention of the centrifugal vacuum cleaner. First, a definition of the ‘technological invention’ is proposed. Following that, the prescription is presented as fifteen methodological instructions: three instructions that repeat at each phase. The prescription is supplemented by a set-theoretic diagram. Although this is a philosophy paper, it is spoken directly to the scientists and engineers who aim to direct part of their research towards the development of inventions.
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KOZA, JOHN R., MARTIN A. KEANE, MATTHEW J. STREETER, THOMAS P. ADAMS, and LEE W. JONES. "Invention and creativity in automated design by means of genetic programming." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 18, no. 3 (August 2004): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006040404017x.
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Some designs are sufficiently creative that they are considered to be inventions. The invention process is typically characterized by a singular moment when the prevailing thinking concerning a long-standing problem is, in a “flash of genius,” overthrown and replaced by a new approach that could not have been logically deduced from what was previously known. This paper discusses such logical discontinuities using an example based on the history of one of the most important inventions of the 20th century in electrical engineering, namely, the invention of negative feedback by AT&T's Harold S. Black. This 1927 invention overthrew the then prevailing idiom of positive feedback championed by Westinghouse's Edwin Howard Armstrong. The paper then shows how this historically important discovery can be readily replicated by an automated design and invention technique patterned after the evolutionary process in nature, namely, genetic programming. Genetic programming employs Darwinian natural selection along with analogs of recombination (crossover), mutation, gene duplication, gene deletion, and mechanisms of developmental biology to breed an ever improving population of structures. Genetic programming rediscovers negative feedback by conducting an evolutionary search for a structure that satisfies Black's stated high-level goal (i.e., reduction of distortion in amplifiers). Like evolution in nature, genetic programming conducts its search probabilistically without resort to logic using a process that is replete with logical discontinuities. The paper then shows that genetic programming can routinely produce many additional inventive and creative results. In this regard, the paper discusses the automated rediscovery of numerous 20th-century patented inventions involving analog electrical circuits and controllers, the Sallen–Key filter, and six 21st-century patented inventions. In addition, two patentable new inventions (controllers) have been created in the same automated way by means of genetic programming. The paper discusses the promising future of automated invention by means of genetic programming in light of the fact that, to date, increased computer power has yielded progressively more substantial results, including numerous human-competitive results, in synchrony with Moore's law. The paper argues that evolutionary search by means of genetic programming is a promising approach for achieving creative, human-competitive, automated design because illogic and creativity are inherent in the evolutionary process.
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van de Kamp, Gert-Jan. "The New Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 7, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 1998): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1998037.
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The changing concept of "invention"; the background to the Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions; the role of patent law and its applicability to biotechnological inventions; Article 53(a) and (b) of the European Patent Convention, excluding patentability on the grounds of "ordre public" or morality; and of plant or animal varieties or essential biological processes for the production of plants and animals; the "Onco mouse case"; the provisions of the Directive - grounds for patent protection, requirements for patentability, provisions concerning the human body, plant and animal varieties, exception in respect of immoral inventions, the "farmer'sprivilege"; conclusion that the Directive provides useful guidance.
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Rattan, Jyoti. "Biotechnological Inventions and Patent Law: National and International Perspective." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 50, no. 3 (2016): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1205.
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ABSTRACT In the knowledge society of 21st century, intellectual property rights (IPRs) are real assets and much more valuable and important than are materialistic assets like house, motor car, and so on. Patents are given for inventions which fulfill few important conditions, such as novelty, inventiveness, industrial application, and written description. Significantly, biotechnological invention involves monopoly over life or living beings or living processes, and morally and ethically these are considered to involve tinkering with life or nature. However, today, biotechnological inventions are patentable because of their benefits and utility to the industry. This article is a humble attempt to examine international and national law and judicial decisions relating to patents and biotechnological inventions from a theoretical perspective. How to cite this article Rattan J. Biotechnological Inventions and Patent Law: National and International Perspective. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):132-135.
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Koning, Rembrand, Sampsa Samila, and John-Paul Ferguson. "Inventor Gender and the Direction of Invention." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 1, 2020): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201045.
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We study whether increasing the share of female inventors leads to more biomedical inventions that focus on the needs of women. After accounting for detailed disease-technology, disease-year, and technology-year fixed effects, we find that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of female inventors in a research area yields 1.2 percentage points more female-focused patents. Notably, this effect only holds for female-led invention teams. Areas with a greater share of female inventors in supporting roles do not produce more female-focused inventions. For gender to impact the direction of invention, it appears that women must occupy positions of power.
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ANDROSHCHUK, H., and Ya KOPIL. "Institute of secret inventions in ensuring national security of the state: problem issues." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 2(45) (May 30, 2023): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2023.2(45).282338.
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The work analyzes the institute of secret inventions in the context of ensuring the national security of the state. It is noted that most secret inventions are simultaneously service inventions. The national legislation of many states restricts the submission of international applications to other agencies for reasons of national security. At the same time, many Ukrainian inventors apply for inventions directly to other countries, without first applying for an invention in Ukraine and obtaining the appropriate permission. The unauthorized flow of inventions, the so-called patent migration from Ukraine, is increasing. The legal protection of secret inventions in industrialized countries is analyzed. It is important not only to properly classify and protect secret objects of patent law, but also to declassify them in a timely manner. The example of the USA is illustrative, where the share of secret patents that are declassified each year is 0.5% of their total number. The comprehensive economic measures of Japan's new Law on Strengthening National Security deserve attention: non-disclosure guidelines, security expertise, a system of preliminary classification of secrecy, compensation by the government for restrictions in the form of payment of “ordinary damages”, sanctions for leaking undisclosed patent information. The importance of using NATO's experience in regulating secret inventions is emphasized. The problems of the institute of secret inventions in Ukraine are revealed, attention is drawn to the critical situation in this area, and ways to solve them are proposed.
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Fechner, Holly, Morgan Schreurs, and Eric Chung. "Increasing Inventor Diversity: U.S. Public Policy Recommendations." Technology & Innovation 22, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/22.3.2022.11.
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Research has found that women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes patent inventions at significantly lower rates than their representation in the population. Less than 13 percent of all inventors listed on U.S. patents are women, Black individuals are three times less likely to become inventors than white individuals, and children in families in the top one percent of income are 10 times more likely to patent in their lifetimes than children in the entire bottom half of family income. Research has also found that increasing participation in invention and patenting by under-represented groups would increase annual U.S. gross domestic product by up to $1 trillion, quadruple the number of American inventors, and result in new and different inventions. Public policy can promote equity, inclusion, and diversity in inventing and patenting. In a 2018 article in this journal, we discussed the existing research on disparities in invention and patenting and the role of the U.S. government, educational institutions, and private industry in ensuring women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes can participate fully in the innovation economy. This article updates and expands on that article by providing specific public policy recommendations to increase equity, inclusion, and diversity in invention and patenting. These recommendations include improving data collection and research to measure and advance equity in patenting; supporting historically under-represented inventors by providing education, legal, and technical assistance and promoting workplace equity; and spotlighting historically under-represented inventors and promoting diversity among patent counsel and patent examiners.
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Fechner, Holly, Morgan Schreurs, and Eric Chung. "Increasing Inventor Diversity: U.S. Public Policy Recommendations." Technology & Innovation 22, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/22.3.2022.6.
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Research has found that women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes patent inventions at significantly lower rates than their representation in the population. Less than 13 percent of all inventors listed on U.S. patents are women, Black individuals are three times less likely to become inventors than white individuals, and children in families in the top one percent of income are 10 times more likely to patent in their lifetimes than children in the entire bottom half of family income. Research has also found that increasing participation in invention and patenting by under-represented groups would increase annual U.S. gross domestic product by up to $1 trillion, quadruple the number of American inventors, and result in new and different inventions. Public policy can promote equity, inclusion, and diversity in inventing and patenting. In a 2018 article in this journal, we discussed the existing research on disparities in invention and patenting and the role of the U.S. government, educational institutions, and private industry in ensuring women, people of color, and individuals with lower incomes can participate fully in the innovation economy. This article updates and expands on that article by providing specific public policy recommendations to increase equity, inclusion, and diversity in invention and patenting. These recommendations include improving data collection and research to measure and advance equity in patenting; supporting historically under-represented inventors by providing education, legal, and technical assistance and promoting workplace equity; and spotlighting historically under-represented inventors and promoting diversity among patent counsel and patent examiners.
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Vasyliev, S. V. "Patenting of an Invention and an Utility Model Whose Object Is an Innovative Medicinal Product." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 93, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2021.2.08.
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The research is focused on the legal regulation of obtaining patents for inventions or utility models, the objects of which are innovative medicinal products. The study of the intellectual property problems for legal protection of innovative medicinal products is relevant because such tools increase the competitiveness of the economy and promote disease treatment. The purpose of the scientific article is to establish the features of the legal regulation of obtaining a patent for an invention or utility model, the object of which is an innovative medicinal product. The scientific novelty of the study is the propositions to amend the Law of Ukraine “On Medicinal Products” and the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models”.
An analysis of the norms of international documents, laws, and regulations of Ukraine, which establish the legal framework for intellectual property protection has been made. The concept of an innovative medicinal product is given. Possibilities of patenting innovative medicinal products as inventions are determined. The specifics of obtaining a patent for an utility model, the object of which is an innovative medicinal product, have been established. Peculiarities of application examination for inventions and utility models are revealed. Examples of patenting innovative medicinal products as inventions or utility models in Ukraine are given. A comparison of the norms regulating medicinal product patenting and state registration has been made.
Gaps and inconsistencies have been identified in the legislation that regulates intellectual property rights protection in the field of pharmacy. In particular, contradictions in the legal regulation of the examination of applications for a patent for an invention or utility model, the objects of which are innovative medicinal products. Propositions for amending the Law of Ukraine “On Medicinal Products” and the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models” have been identified. The offered amendments are designed to improve the examination of applications for inventions and utility models, the objects of which are innovative medicinal products.
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Ali, Moazzam. "The importance of scientific inventions for sustainable development, in the Islamic context." AL-HIDAYAH 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/alhidayah.v4i1.44.
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Fulfillment of necessity is due to inventions, as it is called “Necessity is the mother of invention.” A series of inventions has been going on since the time of Adam (peace be upon him). Development and innovation are inseparable. It is also difficult to meet basic needs without taking advantage of inventions. Allah has subdued the earth and the sky, the sun and the moon, the wind and the clouds so that everything in the universe has been subjugated to man and opened the door to research and invention which will benefit him as much as he can progress. Make it a home, otherwise, humiliation and destitution are its destiny. Allah repeatedly invited the man to meditate so that he could benefit from them by contemplating things. By inviting man to reflect and by commanding him to define his limits, he said that if you want to take full advantage of nature's industrialization, do not go beyond this realm, otherwise, you will make destruction your destiny instead of progress.
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Plantec, Quentin, Pascal Le Masson, and Benoit Weil. "Inventions and Scientific Discoveries: Impact of Designers’ Collaborations on Creativity. An Analysis Towards Fixation Effects." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.19.
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AbstractScientific discoveries and inventions have long been established as two distinct and sequential activities. It has nonetheless been showed that projects aiming at producing both scientific discoveries and inventions could record impressive results. Our investigations are focusing on the creativity of collaborations outputs: a first agent is entailed to design a scientific discovery and another one invention. We use fixation effects as a performance measurement indicator for creativity based on Design Theory. We propose a first set of elements that can be suffering from fixation effects in both invention and scientific models designers reasoning. We propose a series of defixed inputs that could be shared between both designers to overcome their fixation effects. We highlight that if partners are engaged in one-way knowledge transfer it can conduct to “fixation traps”. We define a set of restrictive conditions that could conduct to a “cross-defixation process”: both actors would be able to create conjoint new inventions and scientific models in the non-fixed design path. In particular this process does not required designers to be defixed before starting the collaboration.
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Tarasenko, Leonid. "PATENT LEGISLATION REFORM (2020): MAIN INNOVATIONS OF INVENTIONS (UTILITY MODELS)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 73, no. 73 (November 30, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.73.067.
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The article considers the main innovations of current legislation concerning inventions and utility models. The conditions for granting legal protection of an invention (utility model), the procedure for filing and considering an application for an invention and a utility model, the application of «pre grant opposition» and «post grant opposition» procedures, and ways to protect patent rights are studied and analyzed. The author proves the importance of creating a national patent office (NIPO) in Ukraine. The article substantiates the need to adopt a separate law on NIPO instead of duplicating the rules on the legal status of NIPO, its structure, competence, etc. in several legislative acts. The author determines that the law eliminated the inaccuracy in the definition of a patent that certifies intellectual property rights to an invention and utility model, rather than ownership of them. This is fully consistent with the application of the theory of exclusive rights in the legislation of Ukraine on intellectual property. The article states that the law provides for only two types of patents (excluding secret and official inventions, utility models): a patent for an invention granted for 20 years based on the results of a qualifying examination, and a patent for a utility model granted for 10 years based on the results of a formal examination. The author notes that this patent by its legal nature remains declaratory, and it is granted under the responsibility of the applicant. The researcher proves the importance of legislative innovations, which eliminated the possibility of granting so-called «evergreen patents» (by improving the content of the inventive step as a condition of patentability). The article substantiates the need for a legislative solution to the issue of ownership of property patent rights to an official invention (utility model). The author notes that the reform of patent legislation (2020) bypassed the improvement of legal regulation on the use of inventions (utility models) taking into account digitalization (in particular, the legal regime «computer implemented inventions» is not defined). The researcher proves that the publication of information about the application for the invention is important, because from that moment the application becomes public, and an indefinite number of people have the opportunity to read its contents, and may see the technical essence of the invention. The author justifies the need to transfer the authority to decide on the issuance of compulsory licenses to the National Intellectual Property Office (or a specialized court after its creation). The article finds that instead of invalidating a patent for an invention (utility model), it was introduced that the rights to an invention (utility model) might be recognized as invalid, which is not currently accepted by case law. The article proves that an important innovation of the patent law reform (2020) is the introduction of a procedure for declaring inventions (utility model) invalid out of court («post-grant opposition») in order to curb the practice of patenting by unscrupulous applicants of well-known technical solutions.
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Hohberger, Jan. "Combining valuable inventions: exploring the impact of prior invention value on the performance of subsequent inventions." Industrial and Corporate Change 26, no. 5 (February 4, 2017): 907–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtw056.
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Tran, Van Nam, Van Hai Tran, and Quang Huy Nguyen. "Determining the value of inventions in technology transfer in Vietnam: Legal perspectives and recommendations." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, no. 10 (October 25, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(10).36-40.
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An invention is a form of intangible asset. When approached from an economic perspective, an intangible asset is a term used to refer to non-physical resources and has value for patent holders. Therefore, determining the value of an invention is an important step in the commercialisation of intangible assets such as technology transfer, capital contribution to businesses, etc. Vietnam has promulgated a system of legal documents on the valuation of intangible assets, but there is no separate regulation on determining the value of inventions, so in practice, it has encountered certain limitations in the application of these legal provisions. This article analyses the limitations of Vietnamese law on determining the value of inventions and proposes solutions to overcome them.
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Hrdy, Camilla, and Daniel Brean. "Enabling Science Fiction." Michigan Technology Law Review, no. 27.2 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.27.2.enabling.
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Patent law promotes innovation by giving inventors 20-year-long exclusive rights to their inventions. To be patented, however, an invention must be “enabled,” meaning the inventor must describe it in enough detail to teach others how to make and use the invention at the time the patent is filed. When inventions are not enabled, like a perpetual motion machine or a time travel device, they are derided as “mere science fiction”—products of the human mind, or the daydreams of armchair scientists, that are not suitable for the patent system. This Article argues that, in fact, the literary genre of science fiction has its own unique—albeit far laxer—enablement requirement. Since the genre’s origins, fans have demanded that the inventions depicted in science fiction meet a minimum standard of scientific plausibility. Otherwise, the material is denigrated as lazy hand-waving or, worse, “mere fantasy.” Taking this insight further, the Article argues that, just as patents positively affect the progress of science and technology by teaching others how to make and use real inventions, so too can science fiction, by stimulating scientists’ imagination about what sorts of technologies might one day be possible. Thus, like patents, science fiction can have real world impacts for the development of science and technology. Indeed, the Article reveals that this trajectory—from science fiction to science reality—can be seen in the patent record itself, with several famous patents tracing their origins to works of science fiction.
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Burrage, April, Janell Ciemiecki, Stephanie Couch, and Ina Ganguli. "Inclusive Pathways to Invention: Racial and Ethnic Diversity Among Collegiate Student Inventors in a National Prize Competition." Technology & Innovation 22, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/22.3.2022.8.
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We present novel evidence from over 2,000 student inventors from colleges and universities across the United States who applied to a prestigious national prize. These unique data provide us with self-reported information about gender, race, and ethnicity for students earlier on the "pathway to invention" — young people who have already shown evidence of their inventiveness and are among those likely to be future patent holders. First, we show that 14% of prize applicants are from under-represented minority (URM) groups, which is a smaller gap than estimates of the racial/ethnic gap in patenting. We find striking differences in the focus of the inventions being created by URM inventors, particularly at the intersection of gender and race: URM men are much more likely than all other groups to work on consumer-oriented inventions and less likely to work on health care inventions. URM women are similar to non-URM students in being most likely to work on health care inventions. Differences by field of study show that URM men are more likely than other groups to come from business, and URM women are more likely to come from biological sciences. Finally, we show that slightly more URM applicants come from public research universities. A fruitful area for future research is examining the ways different types of universities support the development of URM students as inventors and contribute to URM students' continuation on the pathway to invention.
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Bühlmann, Hans. "The History of ASTIN. Invited Lecture at the 50 Years Anniversary of ASTIN." ASTIN Bulletin 37, no. 2 (November 2007): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0515036100014835.
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“War is the father of all things”. This sentence of Heraklit (between 540 and 535 BC) has a lot of truth in general. I am quoting it in connection with World War II (1939-1945) and inventions originating in this period.The best known examples of inventions (or first practical use of such invention) are• Nuclear Fission leading to the construction of the atomic bomb and nuclear reactors,• The Programmable Electronic Computer. Best known is the machine of John von Neumann as Los Alamos: Mathematical Analyser Numerical Integrator and Computer (MANIAC),• Radar to guide the airplanes particularly at night and in bad weather conditions,• Penicillin to fight bacteriological diseases.Some of these inventions relied on original discoveries already made before the war, but during the war they were for the first time used on a large scale.
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Wei, Xuan, Ranran Liu, and Wei Chen. "How the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts Green Inventions: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 10385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610385.
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This paper investigates whether the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic affects the green inventions of firms, universities, and firm–university collaborations (FUCs) differently. Our identification used provincial-level monthly data from China. Results from the difference-in-differences (DID) model showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the output of three types of green invention patents. After the parallel-trend test, placebo test, and triple-difference estimation, our conclusion has good robustness. However, the COVID-19 pandemic also influences the role of other policies, such as the SO2-emissions-trading pilot policy for universities’ green inventions. There has been a slight change in the effect of dual carbon targets on green inventions since the start of the pandemic. The positive effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been weaker for provinces where the pandemic has been more severe than in other provinces. The results of this study are compared with the results and empirical evidence of other related studies and the theoretical logic of COVID-19 crisis-promoted green inventions are discussed.
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Turov, M. P. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEACHING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTIVE TECHNOLOGY “EURONICS” ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS." Scientific Notes of Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 3(28) (2023): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.51707/2618-0529-2023-28-10.
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There is a problem of a gradual decrease in creative activity of a person: from 18–19% creatively active among first graders to 1% among high school students. And then the decrease occurs among students of higher educational institutions. Sociological studies were conducted in Ukraine, according to which one in seven engineers is an inventor under the age of 30, one in five from 31 to 40, one in four from 41 to 50, and one in two after 50. It is clear that in our time of scientific and technological progress and competitive struggle, this is unacceptable. As Shiryaeva’s research shows, thanks to learning the theory of invention, the creative potential of 56% of eighth-graders has increased. However, neither Shiryaeva nor other specialists in teaching students the basics of invention theory provided methods for developing the creative potential of high school students to create pioneering inventions. This second problem was overcome thanks to the creation of the “Evronika” technology and gaining experience in its use when preparing the team for participation in the Third All-Ukrainian Competition of Young Inventors. Analysis of the team’s solution to the problem of extinguishing fires in high-rise buildings allowed us to identify the main methodological creative tools needed by high school students to create pioneering inventions. With their use, a method of teaching students to create such inventions was developed. Approbation of the methodology confirmed the possibility of teaching students to create pioneering inventions, as evidenced by the patents they received in Ukraine and awards for winning international competitions among adult inventors. However, the monitoring of the development of their creative abilities by conducting control works at the beginning and at the end of training showed that the students did not have an awareness of the need to create pioneering inventions and they did not yet have the corresponding desire. Therefore, the task of further research is to identify the ways of forming such aspirations in high school students, as well as to develop a suitable teaching method with improvement of existing and development of new methodological tools of the theory of invention and methods of their application in the learning process.
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Youn, Hyejin, Deborah Strumsky, Luis M. A. Bettencourt, and José Lobo. "Invention as a combinatorial process: evidence from US patents." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 106 (May 2015): 20150272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0272.
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Invention has been commonly conceptualized as a search over a space of combinatorial possibilities. Despite the existence of a rich literature, spanning a variety of disciplines, elaborating on the recombinant nature of invention, we lack a formal and quantitative characterization of the combinatorial process underpinning inventive activity. Here, we use US patent records dating from 1790 to 2010 to formally characterize invention as a combinatorial process. To do this, we treat patented inventions as carriers of technologies and avail ourselves of the elaborate system of technology codes used by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to classify the technologies responsible for an invention's novelty. We find that the combinatorial inventive process exhibits an invariant rate of ‘exploitation’ (refinements of existing combinations of technologies) and ‘exploration’ (the development of new technological combinations). This combinatorial dynamic contrasts sharply with the creation of new technological capabilities—the building blocks to be combined—that has significantly slowed down. We also find that, notwithstanding the very reduced rate at which new technologies are introduced, the generation of novel technological combinations engenders a practically infinite space of technological configurations.
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Bühlmann, Hans. "The History of ASTIN. Invited Lecture at the 50 Years Anniversary of ASTIN." ASTIN Bulletin 37, no. 02 (November 2007): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.37.2.2024064.
Full textAbstract:
“War is the father of all things”. This sentence of Heraklit (between 540 and 535 BC) has a lot of truth in general. I am quoting it in connection with World War II (1939-1945) and inventions originating in this period. The best known examples of inventions (or first practical use of such invention) are • Nuclear Fission leading to the construction of the atomic bomb and nuclear reactors, • The Programmable Electronic Computer. Best known is the machine of John von Neumann as Los Alamos: Mathematical Analyser Numerical Integrator and Computer (MANIAC), • Radar to guide the airplanes particularly at night and in bad weather conditions, • Penicillin to fight bacteriological diseases. Some of these inventions relied on original discoveries already made before the war, but during the war they were for the first time used on a large scale.
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Ummah, Maela Khoirul, and Kholis Roisah. "Legal Protection of Employee Invention for Patent Inventors in the Working Relationship." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 573–679. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70957.
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The development of intellectual property rights is influenced by technological developments. One form of intellectual property is a patent that is produced in the form of inventions or new inventions by inventor employees who work in the official or government or private sector. The purposes of this study are: (1) To find out the doctrine used in patent renewal, (2) Legal protection against employee invention for employees in the government sphere with private companies, and (3) Patent ownership arrangements for inventor employees in Asian countries. The research method used is normative juridical by using secondary data. This study’s results indicate differences in the protection of ownership of inventions produced by inventors or employees from several countries, such as Indonesia, Japan and the United States. Some patents are owned by the inventor’s employees and some are owned by the employer.
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Lutes, Andrew O. "Inventions." Science 268, no. 5217 (June 16, 1995): 1552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5217.1552.b.
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Lutes, Andrew O. "Inventions." Science 268, no. 5217 (June 16, 1995): 1552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5217.1552-b.
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Kaminsky, Alice R. "Inventions." International Studies in Philosophy 19, no. 1 (1987): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil198719113.
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Phillips, Siobhan. "Inventions." Literary Imagination 12, no. 1 (September 11, 2009): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imp061.
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Lutes, A. O. "Inventions." Science 268, no. 5217 (June 16, 1995): 1552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5217.1552-a.
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Samsonov, V. M. "Inventions." Metallurgist 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02765052.
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Samsonov, V. M. "Inventions." Metallurgist 42, no. 2 (March 1998): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02765095.
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Samsonov, V. M. "Inventions." Metallurgist 42, no. 3 (May 1998): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02765140.
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Samsonov, V. M. "Inventions." Metallurgist 42, no. 4 (April 1998): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02765170.
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Kitaiskii, V. E. "Inventions." Metallurgist 40, no. 6 (June 1996): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02340817.
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Kitaiskii, V. E. "Inventions." Metallurgist 39, no. 12 (December 1995): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00742439.
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Kitaiskii, V. E. "Inventions." Metallurgist 39, no. 9 (September 1995): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00742763.
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Kitaiskii, V. E. "Inventions." Metallurgist 39, no. 7 (July 1995): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00745027.
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